Faisal Malik

Contents
1. Motivation 2. Goals 3. Methodology 4. Results & Discussions 5. Summary

1. Motivation
Water shortage has become a serious national problem in many regions worldwide. The availability and sustainability of adequate and comprehensive knowledge of ground water availably is essential for a societys economic and environmental health

2. Goals
To delineate subsurface Geology & Structures controlling Ground water distribution. To delineate vertical distribution of ground water. To identify structures controlling flow of ground water horizontally. To delineate prospective economical aquifers through integration of various shallow Geophysical techniques.

3. Methodology
The following Geophysical techniques will be used. 3.1 Magnetic Method 3.2 Seismic Refraction 3.3 Electrical Resistivity

3.1 Magnetic Method Magnetic Method will be used to identify major structures beneath the surface. These feature are most crucial because they control the distribution of ground water Ground Magnetic survey will be used to define the main structural zones and the sedimentary cover which effect the ground water distribution. Pervious Studies carried out by Mokhtar T. A. et al. (2002), Al-Garni M.A., (2005, 2007), Al-Garni M.A., & Gobashy M. M., (2010)

Total magnetic stacked profile map. Vertical arrow indicates the location of paved road.

(MOKHTAR T.A. et al. 2002)

Residual magnetic component (shallow) stacked profile map. Vertical arrow indicates the location of paved road.

(MOKHTAR T.A. et al. 2002)

Contour map of the total magnetic field intensity of wadi Rahjan showing the classified five zones and the selected nine profiles.

Al-Garni M.A. 2007

Detailed locations of the complete set of the conducted magnetic traverses.

(Al-Garni M.A. & Gobashy M. M., 2010)

High resolution ground total magnetic intensity map (HRTMI).

(Al-Garni M.A. & Gobashy M. M., 2010)

3.2 Seismic Refraction Method Seismic Refraction techniques can be used to study near surface sediments, distribution & geometry of locally existing structures The most common objective is to map the bedrock surface (i.e., determine the depth-tobedrock, and variations in depth, along the survey line). Pervious studies carried out by El-Behiry M.G. (1997), Al-Garni M.A., & El-Behiry M. G. (2011) , Mokhtar T. A. et al., (2002) used application of Seismic Refraction method.

Interpreted Seismic refraction profile.

Mokhtar T. A. et al., 2002

Interpreted Seismic refraction profile

Mokhtar T. A. et al., 2002

Base Map

Al-Garni M.A., & El-Behiry M. G. (2011)

Examples of Reveres and Forward Shots

Al-Garni M.A., & El-Behiry M. G. (2011)

Interpreted seismic section

Al-Garni M.A., & El-Behiry M. G. (2011)

3.3 Electrical Resistivity Method Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) measures the electrical resistivity of the ground to produce a 2-dimensional geoelectric profile. Electrical resistivity method is integral part of the most effective shallow Geophysical tools for delineating shallow sediments/aquifers. Previous studies carried out by Mokhtar T. A. et al., (2002), Al-Garni M.A. ( 2007), Shided. A., et al., (2004)

Vertical electrical sounding field curve

Mokhtar T. A. et al., 2002

The interpreted model of layering

Mokhtar T. A. et al., 2002

Subsurface resistivity contour section (SRCS)

Mokhtar T. A. et al., 2002

Sketch of graben structural feature interpreted from geoelectric cross-section across profile

Mokhtar T. A. et al., 2002

a) Geoelectric cross-section before topographic correction using Zohdy method b) Geoelectric cross-section after topographic correction

(Al-Garni M.A. 2007)

a) Geoelectric cross-section before topographic correction using Davis method, b) Geoelectric cross-section after topographic correction.

(Al-Garni M.A. 2007)

4. Results & Discussions

Ground Magnetic Survey in conjunction with seismic refraction survey will provide accurate subsurface geometry and subsurface structures Seismic Refraction integration with Electrical resistivity will provide deep insight to classification of subsurface layer under the study area. Also Integration of Seismic refraction and electrical resistivity will help full to sort out water saturated sediments.

5. SUMMARY
Ground water shortage is an alarming issue Integrated Geophysical Techniques will be applied to Delineate Surface Geometry Sediments condition & Distribution Map horizontal & Vertical distribution of water saturated Sediments Intergradations of geophysical tools will provide much better and profound picture of Subsurface.