Biaxial Bending Short Columns

Reinforced Concrete II
Hashemite University
The Hashemite University Department of Civil Engineering
Lecture 6 Biaxial Bending of Short Columns

Dr. Dr Hazim Dwairi
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
The Hashemite University
Biaxially Loaded Column
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Interaction Diagram
Uniaxial Bending about y-axis
Uniaxial Bending about x-axis
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Approximation of Section Through Intersection Surface
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Notation
Pu = factored axial load, positive in compression ex = eccentricity measured parallel to the x-axis positive to x-axis, the right. ey = eccentricity measured parallel to y-axis, positive yupward. Mux = factored moment about x-axis, positive when causing xcompression in fibers in the +ve y-direction = Pu.ey +ve Muy = factored moment about y-axis, positive when causing ycompression in fibers in the +ve x-direction = Pu.ex +ve
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Analysis and Design

Method I: Strain Compatibility Method This i th Thi is the most nearly theoretically correct method t l th ti ll t th d of solving biaxially-loaded-column (see Macgregor biaxially-loadedexample 11-5) 11 Method II: Equivalent Eccentricity Method An approximate method. Limited to columns that are symmetrical about t t i l b t two axes with a ratio of side ith ti f id lengths lx/ly between 0.5 and 2.0 (see Macgregor example 11-6) 11Dr. Hazim Dwairi The Hashemite University Reinforced Concrete II
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Strain Compatibility Method
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Equivalent Eccentricity Method

Replace the biaxial eccentricities ex & ey by an equivalent eccentricity e0x
if ex e y then design column for Pu and M 0y = Pu e 0x lx l y e0 x = ex +
e y l x
ly for Pu Ag f c' > 0.4 P = 1.3 u ' Ag f c f y + 276 696 0.5
for Pu Ag f c' 0.4
= 0.5 + u ' Ag f c
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
P f y + 276 0.6 696
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Analysis and Design

Method III: 45o Slice through Interaction Surface (see Macgregor page 524) ( M Method IV: Bresler Reciprocal Load Method ACI commentary sections 10.3.6 and 10.3.7 give the following equation, originally presented by Bresler for calculating the capacity under biaxial bending. bending b di . 1 1 1 1
Pu
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Pnx
Pny
Pn0
Method V: Bresler Contour Load Method V:

Bresler Reciprocal Load Method

1. Use Reciprocal Failure surface S2 (1/P (1/Pn,ex,ey) 2. The ordinate 1/Pn on 1/P the surface S2 is approximated by ordinate 1/Pn on the 1/P plane S2 (1/Pn ex,ey) (1/P 3. Plane S2 is defined by points A,B, and C.
Dr. Hazim Dwairi The Hashemite University Reinforced Concrete II
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Bresler Reciprocal Load Method

P0 = Axial Load Strength under pure axial compression (corresponds to point C ) Mnx = Mny = 0 P0x = Axial Load Strength under uniaxial eccentricity, ey (corresponds to point B ) Mnx = Pn ey P0y = Axial Load Strength under uniaxial eccentricity, ex (corresponds to point A ) Mny = Pn ex
Bresler Load Contour Method

In this method, the surface S3 is approximated by a family of curves corresponding to constant values of Pn. These curves may be regarded as load contours.
where Mnx and Mny are the nominal biaxial moment strengths in the direction of the xand y-axes, respectively. Note that these moments are the vectorial equivalent of the nominal uniaxial moment Mn. The moment Mn0x is the nominal uniaxial moment strength about the x-axis, and Mn0y is the nominal uniaxial moment strength about the y-axis.
Dr. Hazim Dwairi

The general expression for the contour curves can be approximated as:
M nx M ny M + M = 1 .0 n0 x n0 y

The values of the exponents and are a function of the amount distribution and location amount, of reinforcement, the dimensions of the column, and the strength and elastic properties of the steel and concrete. Bresler indicates that it is reasonably accurate to assume that =

Bresler indicated that, typically, varied from 1.15 to 1.55, with a value of 1 5 being reasonably 1 55 1.5 accurate for most square and rectangular sections having uniformly distributed reinforcement. A value of = 1.0 will yield a safe design.
M nx M ny M + M = 1.0 n0 x n0 y
Only applicable if:

Pn < 0.1 f c' Ag
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Biaxial Column Example

66mm
The section of a short tied column is 400 x 600 mm and is reinforced with 632 6 bars as shown. Determine the allowable ultimate load on the section Pn if its acts at ex = 200mm. and ey = 300mm. Use fc = 35 MPa and fy = 420 MPa. MPa.
234mm 600mm 234mm 400mm 66mm

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Compute P0 load, pure axial load
Ast = 6 804 = 4824mm 2 P0 = 0.85 f c' (Ag Ast ) + Ast f y P0 = 9023kN Pn 0 = 0.8 9023 = 7218kN
Dr. Hazim Dwairi The Hashemite University
Ag = 400 600 = 240000mm 2
P0 = 0.85 35 (240000 4824 ) + 4824 420
Pn 0 = 7218kN
Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Compute Pnx, by starting with ey term and assume that compression controls Check by: controls.
e y = 300mm < 2 / 3d = 2 / 3(534) = 356mm OK!

Compute the nominal load, Pnx and assume second compression steel does not contribute
Assume = 0 0 0.0
Pn = Cc + C s1 + C s 2 T

Brake equilibrium equation into its components:
Cc = 0.85(35)(0.81c)(400) = 9639c Cs1 = (1608)(420 0.85 35) = 627715 N Ts = (1608)( 534 c 534 c )(600) = 964800( ) c c
Compute the moment about tension steel: c Pn .e ' = Cc d 1 + C s1 d d ' 2 Pn (300 + 234) = 9639c(534 0.405c ) + (627715)(534 66)
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Dr. Hazim Dwairi

The resulting equation is:
Pn = 9,639c 7.311c 2 + 550,132

Recall equilibrium equation:
Pn = 9,639c + 627715 1608 f s Set the two equation equal to one another and solve for fs:
f s = 0.0046c 2 + 390.4

Recall fs definition:
534 c f s = 600 c Combine both equations: 534 c 0.0046c 2 + 390.4 = 600 c 0.0046c 3 + 990.4c 320400 = 0 Solve cubic equation by trial and error c = 323 mm
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
10

Check the assumption that fs2 = 0.0 323 300 f s 2 = 600 = 42.72 MPa 323 C s 2 = 68.7 kN TOO SMALL Calculate Pnx
Pn = 9,639(323) 7.311(323) 2 + 550,132
Pnx = 2900kN

Compute Pny, by starting with ex term and assume that compression controls Check by: controls.
ex = 200mm < 2 / 3d = 2 / 3(334) = 223mm OK!

Compute the nominal load, Pny
Pn = Cc + C s1 T
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
11

Brake equilibrium equation into its components:
Cc = 0.85(35)(0.81c)(600) = 14458.5c Cs1 = (2412)(420 0.85 35) = 941283 N Ts = (2412)( 334 c 334 c )(600) = 1447200( ) c c
Compute the moment about tension steel: c Pn .e ' = Cc d 1 + C s1 d d ' 2 Pn (200 + 134) = 14458.5c(334 0.405c ) + (941283)(334 66)
Dr. Hazim Dwairi

The resulting equation is:
Pn = 14,458.5c 17.50c 2 + 755,281

Recall equilibrium equation:
Pn = 14,458.5c + 941,283 2,412 f s Set the two equation equal to one another and solve for fs:
f s = 0.0073c 2 + 77.12
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
12

Recall fs definition:
334 c f s = 600 c Combine both equations: 334 c 0.0073c 2 + 77.12 = 600 c 0.0073c 3 + 677.12c 200400 = 0 Solve cubic equation by trial and error c = 295 mm

Calculate Pny
Pn = 14,458.5c 17.50c 2 + 755,281 Pn = 14,458.5(295) 17.50( 295) 2 + 755,281
Pny = 3498kN
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
13

Calculate Nominal Biaxial Load Pn 1 1 1 1 = + Pn Pnx Pny Pn 0
1 1 1 1 = + Pn 2900 3498 7218
Pn = 2032kN
Pu = Pn = (0.65)(2032) = 1321kN
Design of Biaxial Column

1) Select trial section Pu Ag (trial ) ; use t = 0.0015 0.40 f c' + t f y
2) Compute 3) Compute Pnx, Pny, Pn0
lx
t =
Ast l xl y
ly
ex M uy = l x Pu l x
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
ey ly
M ux Pu l y
lx
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
14
Pn0 Pnx Pny
Dr. Hazim Dwairi

4) Solve for Pn
1 1 1 1 = + Pn Pnx Pny Pn 0
5) If Pn < Pu then design is inadequate, increase either area of steel or column dimensions
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
Dr. Hazim Dwairi
15

Biaxial Bending Short Columns

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Reinforced Concrete II

The Hashemite University Department of Civil Engineering

Lecture 6 Biaxial Bending of Short Columns

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

The Hashemite University

Biaxially Loaded Column

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

The Hashemite University

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Uniaxial Bending about y-axis

Uniaxial Bending about x-axis

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

The Hashemite University

Approximation of Section Through Intersection Surface

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

The Hashemite University

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

The Hashemite University

Analysis and Design

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Strain Compatibility Method

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

The Hashemite University

Equivalent Eccentricity Method

for Pu Ag f c' 0.4

P f y + 276 0.6 696

The Hashemite University

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Analysis and Design

Method V: Bresler Contour Load Method V:

Bresler Reciprocal Load Method

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Bresler Reciprocal Load Method

Bresler Load Contour Method

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Bresler Load Contour Method

Bresler Load Contour Method

Only applicable if:

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Biaxial Column Example

234mm 600mm 234mm 400mm 66mm

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

The Hashemite University

Biaxial Column Example

Ag = 400 600 = 240000mm 2

P0 = 0.85 35 (240000 4824 ) + 4824 420

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Biaxial Column Example

e y = 300mm < 2 / 3d = 2 / 3(534) = 356mm OK!

Biaxial Column Example

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

The Hashemite University

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Biaxial Column Example

Pn = 9,639c 7.311c 2 + 550,132

Biaxial Column Example

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Biaxial Column Example

Pn = 9,639(323) 7.311(323) 2 + 550,132

Biaxial Column Example

ex = 200mm < 2 / 3d = 2 / 3(334) = 223mm OK!

Dr. Hazim Dwairi

Biaxial Column Example