BSS QoS B7

Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0473 VH ZZA Ed.05 Page 1.
1
Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0473 VT ZZA Ed.05
1.1
Introduction to
QUALITY OF SERVICE and TRAFFIC LOAD
MONITORING
BSS release B7
B7
Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0473 VH ZZA Ed.05 Page 1.2
1.2
PROGRAM
1 INTRODUCTION
2 GLOBAL INDICATORS
3 DETAILED INDICATORS
4 HANDOVER INDICATORS
5 DIRECTED RETRY INDICATORS
6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS
7 TRAFFIC INDICATORS
B7
1.3
1 INTRODUCTION
1.4
1 Introduction
Session presentation
w Objective: be able to explain what is QoS and Traffic Load
monitoring of the BSS sub-system and what are the information
sources available for that purpose
w Program:
1.1 Monitoring the QoS of the BSS
1.2 Monitoring the Traffic Load of the BSS
1.3 Information sources available
1.4 Introduction to K1205 PC emulation
1.5
1 INTRODUCTION
1.6
Definition
w "monitor" "network" "quality"
monitor = measure or ensure ?
network = BSS ? BSS+NSS ? BSS+NSS+PSTN
quality = service (end-user) and/or system (technical)
w but also detect localize diagnose outages
detect (decide according thresholds)
localize (which cell, BSC )
diagnose : radio, BSS, TC problems
1.7
Usage
QoS Results
QoS Results
Management
network monitoring
comparison with competitor
comparison of manufacturers
contractual requirement : license
quality responsible
Management
network monitoring
comparison with competitor
comparison of manufacturers
contractual requirement : license
quality responsible
Radio optimization
cell radio quality survey
HO quality monitoring
assessment of tuning efficiency
Radio optimization
cell radio quality survey
HO quality monitoring
assessment of tuning efficiency
BSS maintenance
cell/BSC/TC problem detection
BSS maintenance
cell/BSC/TC problem detection
w 3 usages of QoS data 3 levels of QoS reports :
w 1. Management team :has to compare Network QoS with competitors' one and to plan Network evolutions
needs to have a general view of the Network QoS at a monthly (and sometimes weekly) basis
w 2. Radio Optimization team : has to detect bad QoS areas in the network and implement and assess modifications for QoS
improvement
needs to have a have a detailed status and evolution of the QoS at BSS and cell (and sometimes TRX) level at a
weekly, daily (and sometimes hourly) basis
w 3. Supervision and Maintenance team : has to detect dramatic QoS degradations and identify responsible Network Element
(and if possible component)
needs to have the most detailed status of QoS at cell and TRX level at an hourly basis
1.8
1 INTRODUCTION
1.9
Definition
w measure "quantity" of traffic handled by
the network
the BSCs
the cells
w analyze traffic characteristics
call, handover, location update
w as input for dimensioning/architecture team
w Traffic characteristics used as a "call mix" to dimension or re-dimension the network will be developed in Traffic Load
Monitoring session.
1.10
1 INTRODUCTION
B7
1.11
Observation means
w DIFFERENT WAYS TO OBSERVE/MEASURE GSM network
External Interface Analysis External Interface Analysis External Interface Analysis External Interface Analysis
A interface: MSC/TC-BSC
Abis interface : BSC/BTS
Air MS/BTS
Counter browser
OMC Counters OMC Counters OMC Counters OMC Counters
BSC
(NSS)
Tektronix K1205
Gnnettest MPA
W&G NPA
w QoS data can be build-up from different and complementary kind of information sources.
w Usually post-processing applications will build-up QoS indicators from :
w OMC-R counters provided by the BSS system itself
w Signalling messages provided by a protocol acquisition tool on the different interfaces handled by the BSS : Air, Abis, A (or
Ater).
Abis
A
MSC/VLR
Abis
BSC TC
BTS
Ater
Air
SACCH RSL N7 N7
drive test tool protocol analyzer
MS
1.12
A interface trace
INFORMATION SOURCE : EXTERNAL INTERFACE "A"
w capture/decode signaling between MSC and BSC-TC (A or Ater
MUX)
with "protocol analyzer" (Wandel, Tektronix, Gnnettest, )
+ GSM standard, can be used for arbitrage between manufacturers
+ Complete information (message contents, time-stamp)
+ Possible detection of User/MS/BSS/TC/NSS problems
- high cost of equipment
- time consuming, "post mortem" (installation of tool, file analysis)
- important expertise needed for analysis
- low coverage (K1103/MA10 : 8 COC, K1205/MPA : 32 COC maximum !)
- Large amount of data ( >> 10 Mbytes /hour/BSC)
w Main advantage of the A interface is to allow the detection of Call Setup failures either due to the User or due to the NSS (or
PSTN).
w Some typical user failure causes are : Some typical NSS failure causes are :
IMSI Unknown in VLR Temporary Failure
IMSI Unknown in HLR Ressource Unavailable
IMEI Not Accepted Switching Equipment Congestion
PLMN Not Allowed Normal Unspecified
Service Option Not Supported Recovery on Timer Expiry
Requested Service Not Supported Call Reject
Unassigned Number Interworking
Operator Dertermined Barring Protocol Error
User Alerting Network Failure
Facility Not Subscribed Congestion
No Route to Destination
Normal Call Clearing
User Busy
Invalid Number Format
Call Reject
Interworking
Normal Unspecified
w CAUTION :In order to assess the QoS of a BSS or some cells of a BSS all N7 links between this BSC and the MSC must be
traced. Indeed as the N7 signalling load is spread over all N7 links signalling messages relating to one call can be conveyed
on any of the active N7 links.
w K1103 protocol analyzer can trace up to 8 COCs at the same time but on maximum 4 PCM physical links.
w K1205 protocol analyzer can trace up to 32 COCs at the same time but on maximum 16 PCM physical links.
1.13
Example of trace
w on a K1205 protocol analyzer
1.14
Abis interface trace
INFORMATION SOURCE : EXTERNAL INTERFACE "Abis"
w capture/decode signaling between BSC and BTS with "protocol
analyzer" (Wandel, Tektronix, Gnnettest, )
& Complete information (message contents, time-stamp)
& Possible detection of User/MS/BSS/TC/NSS problems
& complete radio information thanks to measurements messages
& downlink and uplink
high cost of equipment
time consuming, "post mortem" (installation of tool, file analysis)
important expertise needed for analysis
very low coverage ( A few RSL, a few cell(s) )
very large amount of data (>> 10 Mbytes/hour/BTS)
w Main advantage of the Abis trace is to allow a detailed and precise assessment of the radio quality of a cell at TRX level. Both
DownLink and UpLink path can be observed and compared.
w BUT in B7 release the Radio Measurement Statistics (RMS) feature implemented in the BSS provides a good level of
information allowing to reduce the number of Abis trace to be done for radio network optimization.
1.15
Air interface trace
INFORMATION SOURCE : EXTERNAL INTERFACE "Air"
w Use trace MS to capture signaling and signal characteristics
& Give precise location (x,y) of problems
& Give downlink radio information
& only way to localize lack of coverage
& only way to monitor competitor
high cost of equipment
very time-consuming
difficulty to perform a lot of calls
number samples insufficient
only a few streets
no uplink
w Main advantage of the Air trace is to associate a radio quality measurement to a given geographical area of the network.
w Even if in release B7 the RMS feature will allow to assess the radio quality as perceived by the end user no location of the
radio problems is provided through the RMS.
1.16
Performance Measurement counters
SUB-SYSTEM COUNTERS
w counts events seen by sub-system, value reported periodically (1
hour)
& low cost : collected directly at OMC
& compact data : possibility to store counters for a complete network
raw information, having to be consolidated to be understable
manufacturer's dependent : questionable/difficult to compare
weak to analyze other sub-systems
w Main advantage of the BSS counters is to provide easily QoS data for permanent QoS monitoring.
1.17
Exercise
w Training exercise
Draw the BSS PM counters flow on the chart
In which sub-system are computed and stored the BSS QoS
indicators ?
BSC
BSC
BSC
OMC-R
OMC-R
OMC-R
E 450
Alcatel 985 NPA
w A985-NPA is the Alcatel product for Network Performance Analysis of the Alcatel BSS.
w A956-RNO is the Alcatel product for Radio Network Optimisation of the Alcatel BSS.
1.18
BSS counters
BSS COUNTERS
w combined into significant formulae : indicators
w used to monitor BSS network quality
w over complete network, with breakdown per cell/BSC
w SPECIFIC DRAWBACK
NSS/PSTN/MS/USER problems not seen
w As BSS PM counters are defined in order to provide information to assess the QoS of the BSS sub-system and help in
detecting BSS misbehaviour there is no way to identify QoS problems due to NSS, PSTN or User.
1.19
NSS counters
NSS COUNTERS
w combined into significant formulas : indicators
w used to monitor NSS network quality
w over complete network, with breakdown per BSC (maximum)
w SPECIFIC DRAWBACKS
BSS problems usually not precisely identified
no breakdown per cell
w NSS QoS is provided through NSS PM counters and indicators. It is out of the scope ot this training course.
1.20
ALCATEL BSS counters
INFORMATION SOURCES : BSS
Counters
In order to provide to operator with an easy
and cost effective way to monitor their
network and carried traffic, BSS
manufacturers have implemented specific
software features, called performance
management.
The principle is to count for a given
duration called granularity period (typically
1 hour) pre-defined events occurring on
Abis or A interface, or internally. These
counters are stored for each duration, with
breakdown per network component (i.e.
cell).
In BSS B7, more than 800 counters are
available (without GPRS).
In Alcatel BSS (except GPRS), counters
are computed by BSC, based mainly on
Abis messages.
Every reporting period, counters values are
send to OMC-R for storage.
In B7 159 ALCATEL counters are reported
to the OMC-R permanently every PM
granularity period :
3 per cell adjacency
20 per TRX
127 per cell
4 per N7 link
5 per BSC
millions of counters are collected every
day
B7
w Alcatel has chosen to implement PM counters in the BSC and to increment them mostly on Abis interface signalling messages.
w Other suppliers may have chosen to increment them on A interface signalling messages or to implement them in the BTS.
w Therefore caution should be taken when interpreting QoS indicators value since some discrepancies may be observed due to
these possible choices.
1.21
Example of BSS counter
w MC718 : counter number
w NB_TCH_NOR_ASS_SUCC_TRX : counter name
w Cumulative : method of computation
w Type 110 : Overview measurements : BSS PM measurement type to which the counter
belongs
w Measured object : minimum object level for which the counter is provided : TRX or CELL or
BSC or N7 LINK or X25 LINK ...
Counter
Example
w All counters are described in the "PM counters and indicators" document whose B7 reference is xxxxxxxxx.
1.22
BSS counter characteristics
Collection mechanism
w Cumulative
the counter is incremented at the occurence of a specific event
Abis or A message, or internal event
At the end of a collection period, result is the sum of the events
w Inspection
every 20 or 10 seconds, a task quantifies an internal resource status
(usually a table)
At the end of a collection period, the result is the mean value
w Observation
set of recorded information about a telecom procedure (handover,
channel release, UL & DL measurements reporting)
w Main counters are of cumulative type.
w Inspection counters are of gauge type.
w Observation counters are grouped in a Performance Measurement record associated to particular GSM BSS telecom
procedure : SDCCH channel seizure, TCH channel seizure, internal handover, etc...
1.23
BSS Performance Measurement types
BSS PM types
n Type name Type de finition
1 Tra ffic me a s ure me nts Se t of counte rs re la te d to the tra ffic e va lua tion pe r te le com proce dure s
2 Re s ource a va ila bility me a s ure me nts Se t of counte rs re la te d to the a va ila bility of the CCCH, SDCCH or TCH cha nne ls
3 Re s ource us a ge on CCCH cha nne l me a s ure me ntsSe t of counte rs re la te d to the us a ge of the CCCH cha nne l (PCH, AGCH, RACH)
4 Re s ource us a ge on SDCCH cha nne l me a s ure me nts Se t of counte rs re la te d to the us a ge of the SDCCH cha nne l
5 Re s ource us a ge on TCH cha nne l me a s ure me nts Se t of counte rs re le a te d to the us a ge of the TCH cha nne l
6 TCH ha ndove r me a s ure me nts Se t of counte rs re la te d to the TCH ha ndove r proce dure
7 La pD me a s ure me nts Se t of counte rs re la te d to the La pD logica l links
8 X25 me a s ure me nts Se t of counte rs re la te d to the X25 links OMC-BSC
9 N7 me a s ure me nts Se t of counte rs re la te d to the N7 Signa lling Links
10 SDCCH obs e rva tions Obs e rva tion counte rs on SDCCH cha nne l a lloca te d
11 TCH me a s ure me nts obs e rva tions Obs e rva tion counte rs on the 08.58 MEASUREMENT REPORTS for a TCH
12 Inte rna l ha ndove r obs e rva tions Obs e rva tion counte rs on inte rna l intra -ce ll or inte r-ce ll SDCCH or TCH ha ndove r
13 Incoming e xte rna l ha ndove r obs e rva tions Obs e rva tion counte rs on incoming e xte rna l SDCCH or TCH ha ndove r
14 Outgoing e xte rna l ha ndove r obs e rva tions Obs e rva tion counte rs on outgoing e xte rna l SDCCH or TCH ha ndove r
15 TCH obs e rva tion Obs e rva tion counte rs on TCH cha nne l a lloca te d
18 A inte rfa ce me a s ure me nts diffe re nt ca us e s of 08.08CLEAR REQUEST a nd 08.08ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
19 SMS PP me a s ure me nts Se t of counte rs re la te d to the Short Me s s a ge Se rvice Point to Point.
25 SCCP me a s ure me nts Se t of counte rs re la te d to the SCCP la ye r of the N7 Signa lling Links
26 TCH outgoing ha ndove r pe r a dja ce ncy Se t of counte rs re la te d to outgoing TCH ha ndove r provide d pe r a dja ce ncy.
27 TCH incoming ha ndove r pe r a dja ce ncy Se t of counte rs re la te d to incoming TCH ha ndove r provide d pe r a dja ce ncy
28 SDCCH ha ndove r Se t of counte rs re la te d to SDCCH ha ndove r proce dure
29 Dire cte d re try me a s ure me nts Se t of counte rs re la te d to the dire cte d re try proce dure
30 SMS CB me a s ure me nts Se t of counte rs re la te d to the Short Me s s a ge Se rvice Ce ll Broa dca s t.
31 Ra dio Me a s ure me nt S ta tis tic s S e t o f c o unte rs pro viding ra dio qua lity me a s ure me nts fo r TRX/ c e ll
110 Ove rvie w me a s ure me nts
Se t of ke y counte rs a llowing to a s s e s s Qua lity Of Se rvice of a give n
ce ll/BSC/ne twork
180 Tra ffic flow me a s ure me nts
Se t of counte rs re la te d to incoming inte r-ce ll SDCCH/TCH ha ndove rs
pe rforme d pe r (s e rving ce ll, ta rge t ce ll) a dja ce ncy
B7
w BSS Performance Measurement types (PM types) are split into two categories :
standard types (7, 8 ,9, 18, 19, 25, 28, 30, 31, 110, 180)
detailed types (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 26, 27, 29)
w Most important types for QoS monitoring and Radio Network Optimization are in bold.
w A standard PM type can be activated for the whole network, means that related counters are reported for all the Network
Elements they are implemented on (TRX, CELL, N7 link, X25 link, LAPD link, Adjacency).
w A detailed PM type can be activated only on a sub-set of the network, means that related counters are reported only for a
limited number of Network Elements :
40 cells per BSS for PM types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 29
15 cells per BSS for PM types 10, 12, 13, 14, 15
1 cell per BSS for PM types 11, 26, 27
w Counter numbering rules :
Cyz : cumulative or inspection counters in PM types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 180
Ly.z : cumulative counters in PM type 7 (L stands for LAPD link)
Xy.z : cumulative counters in PM type 8 (X stands for X25 link)
Ny.z : cumulative counters in PM type 9 (N stands for N7 link)
Syz : observation counters in PM type 10 (S stands for SDCCH)
Ryz : : observation counters in PM type 11(R stands for Radio measurements)
HOyz : observation counters in PM type 12, 13, 14 (HO stands for HandOver)
Tyz : observation counters in PM type 15 (T stands for TCH)
RMSyz : cumulative counters in PM type 31 (RMS stands for Radio Measurement Statistics)
MCyz or MNy.z : cumulative counters in PM type 110 (M stands for Major)
1.24
Observation means
w Training exercise : find the best source of information
Observation to Observation to Observation to Observation to be be be be done done done done : :: : best source best source best source best source why why why why
overall radio overall radio overall radio overall radio quality of 1 quality of 1 quality of 1 quality of 1 cell cell cell cell Counters Type 31 : RMS
monitor user monitor user monitor user monitor user failures failures failures failures
get get get get average network average network average network average network quality quality quality quality
localise localise localise localise precise location of a radio precise location of a radio precise location of a radio precise location of a radio pb pb pb pb
identify identify identify identify abnormal abnormal abnormal abnormal cells in a network cells in a network cells in a network cells in a network
history of network history of network history of network history of network quality for quality for quality for quality for several several several several weeks weeks weeks weeks
compare networks compare networks compare networks compare networks quality quality quality quality
discriminate discriminate discriminate discriminate problems problems problems problems between BSS/NSS. BSS between BSS/NSS. BSS between BSS/NSS. BSS between BSS/NSS. BSS
and NSS and NSS and NSS and NSS coming coming coming coming from from from from different different different different providers providers providers providers
make make make make statistics about statistics about statistics about statistics about complete network complete network complete network complete network
In a building, one In a building, one In a building, one In a building, one is is is is thinking thinking thinking thinking that an that an that an that an elevator elevator elevator elevator is is is is
inducing PCM trouble, how to inducing PCM trouble, how to inducing PCM trouble, how to inducing PCM trouble, how to confirm ? confirm ? confirm ? confirm ?
Identify Identify Identify Identify potential potential potential potential interfering interfering interfering interfering cells of 1 cell cells of 1 cell cells of 1 cell cells of 1 cell
B7
1.25
1 INTRODUCTION
1.26
Usage
INTRODUCTION TO K1205 PC EMULATION
w Trace done with K1205 can be read :
directly on K1205 itself
on any PC Windows NT with dedicated emulation software
w Practical exercises will be done during the course using this
software
w Following slides and exercises are here to teach you the basic
skill needed to operate the tool for A Interface decoding
1.27
Scenarios screen
To select binary
trace file and
decoding protocol
To select binary
trace file and
decoding protocol
To enter in
monitoring mode
To enter in
monitoring mode
w 1. Start the K1205 Protocol Tester application
w 2. In Recording File box : click on Open button and select "PAIB29.rec" file
w 3. Select all displayed N7 logical links (corresponding to 4 PCMs in this case)
w 4. Click on Browse button and select gsm2_A.stk in gsm2 sub-directory (corresponding to the GSM Phase 2 A interface
protocol stack
w 5. Click on OK
w 6. Click on Monitor box t display the content of the recorded trace
1.28
Monitor screen
1 line / message
1 line / message
Full decoding of
selected message
Full decoding of
selected message
Message content in
hexadecimal
Message content in
hexadecimal
To extract 1 call
To extract 1 call
1.29
Filter configuration
HOW TO EXTRACT A CALL ON A INTERFACE
1) Filter out paging message
w keep only BSSAP and DTAP
w except PAGING
2) Use SCCP references
w 1 on any message
w the 2 on CC message
ANNEX 3
w ANNEX 3 introduces some basics on the GSM protocol layers that will be traced for A interface analysis.
w At call setup the first signalling message on A interface is sent by the BSC to the MSC in order to setup a logical link (called
SCCP connection) between the BSS and the NSS.
w Both BSS and NSS entities chooses a unique reference which has to be used by the other party to identify the SCCP
connection on which the messages are conveyed. Both BSS reference (xxx) and NSS reference (yyy) are exchanged during
the SCCP Connection Request and Connection Confirm phase. After that only the reference of the other party is used.
BSC MSC
SCCP CR
SLR= xxx ; DLR= none
SCCP CC
SLR= yyy ; DLR= xxx
msg i
SLR= none ; DLR= yyy
msg j
SLR= none ; DLR= xxx
Radio Link Establishment
1.30
Call extraction
Then
w Click on Filter button and filter out all protocol layers and messages except :
w all DTAP messages
w all BSSMAP messages except "Paging"
w SCCP CR (Connection Request) and CC (Connection Confirm) messages
1.31
PRACTICAL EXERCICE
w Use the tool to extract a few calls from file PAIB29.REC
Exercise
1.32
2 GLOBAL INDICATORS
1.33
2 Global indicators
w Objective: be able to explain what is a Global indicator and what
are the main BSS indicators regarding GSM services provided
by the Alcatel BSS
w program:
2.1 Indicators definition
2.2 Methodological precautions
2.3 Typical call failures
2.4 Description of global indicators
2.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators
2.6 Global indicators interpretation
1.34
2 GLOBAL INDICATORS
1.35
Global / detailed
BSS INDICATORS DEFINITION (Alcatel)
w numerical data providing with information about network
performance regarding :
the complete network : GLOBAL indicator
an element of the network : DETAILED indicator
TS/TRX/CELL/BTS/BSC/TC
w a formulae of several counter(s)
w Counters vs. Indicators
counters : provided by the BSS equipments
indicators : computed by BSS Monitoring equipments
w Indicators computation can be operation from several counters or simple counter mapping.
w Example :
call drop rate = Call Drop nb / Call nb = f(counters)
call drop = Call drop nb = 1 counter
1.36
Global
GLOBAL INDICATORS
w measure the performance of the complete network
w analyzed according their trend and values
usually every day (week, month)
w compared with
competitor results if available
contractual requirements
internal quality requirements
1.37
Thresholds
EXAMPLE : Thresholds on Call Drop Rate indicator
Weekly CDR "GSM"
0,00%
0,50%
1,00%
1,50%
2,00%
2,50%
3,00%
3,50%
1 5 9
1
3
1
7
2
1
2
5
2
9
3
3
3
7
4
1
4
5
week number
C
D
R
weekly call drop rate
contractual call drop rate
quality CDR
Weekly CDR "GSM"
0,00%
0,50%
1,00%
1,50%
2,00%
2,50%
3,00%
3,50%
1 5 9
1
3
1
7
2
1
2
5
2
9
3
3
3
7
4
1
4
5
week number
C
D
R
weekly call drop rate
contractual call drop rate
quality CDR
w Call Drop rate at network level has to compared to :
Contractual threshold : can be requested by operator management to operational radio team, can be requested by
operator to provider on swap or network installation
Quality threshold : fixed internally by radio team management
w Quality thresholds are usually more tight than contractual ones.
1.38
Exercise
TRAINING EXERCISE : GLOBAL OR NOT
INDICATOR DESCRIPTION G ?
average of call setup success rate for the network Yes
rate of call lost due to radio pb on cell CI=14, LAC=234 No
call drop rate in your capital
call drop rate of the cell covering a specific buidling
% of HO with the cause better cell (among other causes) for the network
average rate of TCH dropped for all TRX of the network carrying 1 SDCCH8
rate of SDCCH dropped on TRX1 of cell 12,24
call success of 1 PLMN
% of cells being congested today
INDICATOR DESCRIPTION G ?
average of call setup success rate for the network Yes
rate of call lost due to radio pb on cell CI=14, LAC=234 No
call drop rate in your capital
call drop rate of the cell covering a specific buidling
% of HO with the cause better cell (among other causes) for the network
average rate of TCH dropped for all TRX of the network carrying 1 SDCCH8
rate of SDCCH dropped on TRX1 of cell 12,24
call success of 1 PLMN
% of cells being congested today
1.39
2 GLOBAL INDICATORS
1.40
Objective
METHODOLOGICAL PRECAUTIONS
w Avoid typical errors regarding indicators interpretation
1.41
A good value for a global indicator

all network components are OK regarding this indicator
Example
w a global call drop rate of 1%
w can hide some cells with 10 % of call drop rate
Global indicator value
1.42
Network Element aggregation
w AVERAGE VALUE OF AN INDICATOR FOR A NETWORK
IS NOT THE AVERAGE OF CELLS RESULTS (or any
sub-part of it)
BUT THE AVERAGE WEIGHED BY THE TRAFFIC
number of calls number of call drop call drop rate
cell 1 390 8 2,10%
cell 2 546 29 5,25%
cell 3 637 20 3,10%
cell 4 1029 12 1,14%
cell 5 536 3 0,50%
cell 6 2 1 50,00%
cell 7 3 1 33,00%
cell 8 210 4 2,11%
cell 9 432 5 1,20%
cell 10 321 4 1,11%
average of cell results 9,95%
total nbr of drop/total number of calls 2,10%
number of calls number of call drop call drop rate
cell 1 390 8 2,10%
cell 2 546 29 5,25%
cell 3 637 20 3,10%
cell 4 1029 12 1,14%
cell 5 536 3 0,50%
cell 6 2 1 50,00%
cell 7 3 1 33,00%
cell 8 210 4 2,11%
cell 9 432 5 1,20%
cell 10 321 4 1,11%
average of cell results 9,95%
total nbr of drop/total number of calls 2,10%
1.43
Global indicator validity
w To be reliable, an indicator must be based on a sufficient
number of events
Estimation theory (MR.Spiegel, theory and problems of probability and statistics ,
SCHAUM) :
if p is the probability of success for a complete population
if one is measuring the probability P based on a sample of size N
There is a probability of 95 % that p is between P +/- 1.96*[(p*(1-p))/n]
0.5
Example : for p = 90 % and N = 100 => [ 84,12% ; 95,88% ]
w This law cannot be used directly for indicators (an hourly indicator is not based
on a random sample), but it is giving a rough estimate of level of confidence
one can apply regarding the size of the sample
If a sample (number of calls) is too small, one can take it for a longer
duration
w On Alcatel QoS monitoring tool (MPM application on OMC-R, A985-NPA or A956-RNO) NEs (BSS, Cell or TRX) are
highlighted with bad QoS indicator value if enough corresponding events have been observed (called Validity threshold).
w Examples :
Cell with bad Call Drop rate will be highlighted if CDR > CDR_threshold and if Number of Calls is greater than the
CDR Validity threshold.
Cell with bad Outgoing handover success rate will be highlighted if OHOSUR > OHOSUR_threshold and if Number of
Outgoing Handovers is greater than the OHO Validity threshold.
1.44
Time period aggregation
w Take care of data consolidation
w example :
mean cell congestion rate during busy hour
weighted average of cell congestion at the busy hour of the
network ?
weighted average of cell congestion rate for its specific busy
hour ?
(definition of busy hour ?)
w Usually :
w Cell Busy Hour = hour of the day where max TCH traffic (in erlang) is observed
w BSC Busy Hour = hour of the day where max TCH traffic (as the sum of the TCH traffic of all cells of the BSS) is observed
1.45
Exercise
METHODOLOGICAL PRECAUTION : Training exercise
INDICATOR INDICATOR INDICATOR INDICATOR Sample Sample Sample Sample
(calls) (calls) (calls) (calls)
conclusion conclusion conclusion conclusion OK ? OK ? OK ? OK ?
call drop = 0.9% in your country call drop = 0.9% in your country call drop = 0.9% in your country call drop = 0.9% in your country 2456435 all the cells have a good call drop NOK
call setup success for cell 15, 145 = 99,5% call setup success for cell 15, 145 = 99,5% call setup success for cell 15, 145 = 99,5% call setup success for cell 15, 145 = 99,5% 2315 there is a good call setup success rate for
15,145
In Paris : 2500 cells with 95% of call setup In Paris : 2500 cells with 95% of call setup In Paris : 2500 cells with 95% of call setup In Paris : 2500 cells with 95% of call setup
success success success success
In remaining of France : 5000 cells with In remaining of France : 5000 cells with In remaining of France : 5000 cells with In remaining of France : 5000 cells with
98% 98% 98% 98%
3267872
for France
In France, call setup success = 97 %
call drop for BSS call drop for BSS call drop for BSS call drop for BSS BSS_1 BSS_1 BSS_1 BSS_1 = = = = 1 11 1% %% % 4500 the call drop for BSS_1 is good
call drop for cell 156;13 = 5% call drop for cell 156;13 = 5% call drop for cell 156;13 = 5% call drop for cell 156;13 = 5% 215 cell 156;13 has certainly a trouble
for BSS 1, call drop of 2,0% for BSS 1, call drop of 2,0% for BSS 1, call drop of 2,0% for BSS 1, call drop of 2,0%
4000
2000
LA = BSS1 + BSS2 has a call drop of 2,3 %
MSC MSC MSC MSC Stadium Stadium Stadium Stadium has a call setup success of has a call setup success of has a call setup success of has a call setup success of
95 % 95 % 95 % 95 %
15346 BSS1 belonging to MSC Stadium has a call setup
success of 95%
INDICATOR INDICATOR INDICATOR INDICATOR Sample Sample Sample Sample
(calls) (calls) (calls) (calls)
conclusion conclusion conclusion conclusion OK ? OK ? OK ? OK ?
call drop = 0.9% in your country call drop = 0.9% in your country call drop = 0.9% in your country call drop = 0.9% in your country 2456435 all the cells have a good call drop NOK
call setup success for cell 15, 145 = 99,5% call setup success for cell 15, 145 = 99,5% call setup success for cell 15, 145 = 99,5% call setup success for cell 15, 145 = 99,5% 2315 there is a good call setup success rate for
15,145
In Paris : 2500 cells with 95% of call setup In Paris : 2500 cells with 95% of call setup In Paris : 2500 cells with 95% of call setup In Paris : 2500 cells with 95% of call setup
success success success success
In remaining of France : 5000 cells with In remaining of France : 5000 cells with In remaining of France : 5000 cells with In remaining of France : 5000 cells with
98% 98% 98% 98%
3267872
for France
In France, call setup success = 97 %
call drop for BSS call drop for BSS call drop for BSS call drop for BSS BSS_1 BSS_1 BSS_1 BSS_1 = = = = 1 11 1% %% % 4500 the call drop for BSS_1 is good
call drop for cell 156;13 = 5% call drop for cell 156;13 = 5% call drop for cell 156;13 = 5% call drop for cell 156;13 = 5% 215 cell 156;13 has certainly a trouble
4000
2000
LA = BSS1 + BSS2 has a call drop of 2,3 %
MSC MSC MSC MSC Stadium Stadium Stadium Stadium has a call setup success of has a call setup success of has a call setup success of has a call setup success of
95 % 95 % 95 % 95 %
15346 BSS1 belonging to MSC Stadium has a call setup
success of 95%
1.46
2 GLOBAL INDICATORS
B7
1.47
Objective
w description of main call success and failures cases, with
main specific counters
main protocol timers
w diagnose main case of failures on A interface traces using
K1205 emulation software
1.48
Call Set-up phasing
4 stages for a call establishment, 2 for a location update
w Radio link establishment
w "SDCCH phase"
then only for "Circuit Switch call"
w TCH assignment
w "Alerting/connection" phase
Each phase has specific utility and weaknesses
1.49
Radio Link Establishment - OC success
Originated Call : RLE success case
w T3101 : guard timer for SDCCH allocation (Default : 3 seconds)
w CR/CC are used to exchange SCCP references
any further message related to this call will have one (or 2) of these 2 references
K1205 can extract call using these references (SLR, DLR !!)
MS BTS BSC
MSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
-------------(RACH)------------> CHANNEL REQUIRED
----------------------------------------------> MC8C
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (SDCCH)
<---------------------------------------------- MC148
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK
---------------------------------------------->
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN <---------------------------------------------- start T3101
MC8B
<------------(AGCH)-------------
SABM (L3 info)
-------------(SDCCH)-----------> ESTABLISH IND (L3 info)
UA (L3 info) ----------------------------------------------> stop T3101
<-----------(SDCCH)------------- MC02
CR (COMPLETE L3 INFO)
---------------------------------->
CC
<----------------------------------
w SDCCH resource allocation is performed by the BSC. Once allocated the SDCCH channel is activated by the BTS under BSC
request.
w T3101 is the guard timer for the SDCCH access from MS. Default value is 3 seconds.
w MC8C counts the number of Channel Required received from MS in a cell.
w MC148 counts the number of SDCCH channels activated (therefore allocated) in a cell.
w MC8B counts the number of time a MS is commanded to access an SDCCH channel in a cell.
w MC02 counts the number of MS which have successfully accessed an SDCCH in a cell as part of a Mobile Originating (MO)
call.
w SCCP Connection Request message is conveyed on A-interface PCM timeslot chosen by the BSC (called COC).
w SCCP Connection Confirm message is conveyed on a COC chosen by the MSC which can be located on a different PCM than
the one of the COC used by the BSC to send signalling messages to the MSC.
1.50
Radio Link Establishment - TC success
Terminated Call : RLE success case
MS BTS BSC MSC
PAGING
PAGING COMMAND <----------------------------------
PAGING REQUEST <---------------------------------------------- start T3113
<-------------(PCH)-------------- MC8A
CHANNEL REQUEST
----------------------------------------------> MC8C
<---------------------------------------------- MC148
---------------------------------------------->
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN <---------------------------------------------- Start T3101
<------------(AGCH)------------- MC8B
SABM (PAGING RESP)
-------------(SDCCH)-----------> ESTABLISH IND (PAGING RESP)
UA (PAGING RESP) ----------------------------------------------> Stop T3101
<-----------(SDCCH)------------- MC01
CR (COMPLETE L3 INFO)
---------------------------------->
stop T3113
CC
<----------------------------------
w Paging message is broadcasted by the MSC to all BSCs controlling cells belonging to the same Location Area as the one of
the paged MS.
w In case no MS is accessing the SDCCH channel (T3101 expiry) then the BSC does not repeat the Immediate Assignment
since the MS may have accessed an SDCCH in another BSS. It is up to the MSC to repeat Paging if T3113 expires (usually
around 7 seconds).
w MC8A counts the number of Paging Command messages sent on a cell.
w MC01 counts the number of MS which have successfully accessed an SDCCH in a cell as part of a Mobile Terminating (MT)
call.
w Caution :
w Paging Request message sent on the Air interface by the BTS may contain several MS identity.
3 Paging Request types can be used :
in Paging Request Type 1 : up to 2 MS (IMSI1,IMSI2) can be included
in Paging Request Type 2 : up to 3 MS (IMSI1,TMSI1,TMSI2) can be included
in Paging Request Type 3 : up to 4 MS (TMSI1,TMSI2,TMSI3,TMSI4) can be included
w On the other hand Paging message and Paging Command message are relating to only one MS identity.
1.51
Radio Link Establishment - Paging
RLE > Paging
MC8A=C8A
w Normally all cells of the same Location Area must have the same MC8A counter value since all these cells must be paged for
an MT call on an MS located in the Location Area they included in.
w If not : it means that a cell is not declared in the right LA at NSS level.
1.52
Radio Link Establishment - RACH counter
RLE > RACH
MC8C=C8C
w Caution : All Channel Required (therefore RACH) are counted in MC8C : valid and invalid causes (see later). Indeed ghost
RACH are also counted.
w Channel Required content corresponds to Channel Request message sent by the MS to the BTS.
w This Channel Request message is made of one byte with 2 IE (Information Element):
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
+-----------------------------------------------+
ESTABLISHMENT RANDOM
+ - - - - - - - - +
CAUSE REFERENCE
+-----------------------------------------------+
w ESTABLISHMENT CAUSE
This information field indicates the reason for requesting the establishment of a connection. This field has a variable length
(from 3 bits up to 6 bits).
w RANDOM REFERENCE
This is an unformatted field with variable length (from 5 bits down to 2 bits).
w Due to the fact that NECI bit is always set to 1 in Alcatel BSS Establishment causes can be divided into 2 categories :
Valid causes : 5 (6 if GPRS)
000 : Location Update (Normal, Periodic, IMSI Attach)
100 : Terminating call
101 : Emergency call
110 : Call Re-establishment
111 : Originating call (not emergency)
011 : if GPRS is implemented in the cell
Invalid causes : 3 (2 if GPRS)
001 :
010 :
011 : if GPRS is not implemented in the cell
1.53
Radio Link Establishment - OC success counters split
RLE > success MO split
MC02x=C02x
MC02 = MC02A+MC02B+MC02C+.+MC02G+MC02H
MC02A : LU
MC02B : SMS
MC02C : SS
MC02D : LU follow-on
MC02E : CR
MC02F : unknown
MC02G : IMSI Detach
MC02H : EC or NC
w MC02A = Number of SDCCH successfully seized for Normal or Periodic LU request (IMSI Attach also counted)
w MC02B = Number of SDCCH successfully seized for Short Message Service
w MC02C = Number of SDCCH successfully seized for Supplementary Service
w MC02D = Number of SDCCH successfully seized for LU with follow-on bit set to 1 (means that the SDCCH phase will be
followed by a TCH assignment for speech call establishment)
w MC02E = Number of SDCCH successfully seized for Call Re-establishment
w MC02F = Number of SDCCH successfully seized in case of L3 Info (within 08.58 ESTABLISH INDICATION) unknown by the
BSC but transferred to the MSC
w MC02G = Number of SDCCH successfully seized for IMSI Detach
w MC02H = Number of SDCCH successfully seized for Normal or Emergency call
1.54
Radio Link Establishment - SDCCH congestion failure
SDCCH ACCESS FAILURE
SDCCH congestion
SDCCH congestion
SDCCH RF access failure
SDCCH access failure BSS pb
Main failure cases for Radio Link Establishment
1.55
Radio Link Establishment - SDCCH congestion
RLE > SDCCH congestion
The Immediate Assignment Reject mechanism can be disabled at OMC-R
and is not activated for answer to paging
if disable, no answer to MS
w MS will repeat automatically its request in case of congestion (next slides)
waiting for T3122 expiry in case of Immediate Assignment Reject
waiting for T3120 expiry otherwise
MS BTS BSC
MSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
----------------------------------------------> MC8C
No free SDCCH !!
MC04
<----------------------------------------------
IMM. ASS. REJECT (immediate assignment reject) MC8D, and MC8B
<-------------(AGCH)------------
w In case of Immediate Assignment Reject : T3122 = value of Wait_Indication parameter sent by the BSC to the MS
w Otherwise T3120 is computed by the MS as a random number of slots between
250 and 250+T-1 for a phase 1 MS where :
T=Tx_integer parameter (1 value per cell chosen between 3 to 50 slots)
S and T+S for a phase 2 MS where :
T=Tx_integer parameter (1 value per cell chosen between 3 to 50 slots)
S is a parameter depending on the CCCH configuration and on the value of Tx_integer as defined in the following table
:
TX_integer S(CCCH Not Comb) S(CCCH Combined)
3, 8, 14, 50 55 41
4, 9, 16 76 52
5, 10, 20 109 58
6, 11, 25 163 86
7, 12, 32 217 115
1.56
Radio Link Establishment - SDCCH congestion counter
MC04=C04
1.57
Radio Link Establishment - SDCCH cong. consequence
MAIN CONSEQUENCES
w MS will try "max_retrans +1 " time before giving up
immediately for phase 1 MS
after T3126 for phase 2 MS (still waiting for Immediate Assignment
during this timer)
w In case of "max_retrans+1" failures, MS will
either try an automatic cell reselection
or do nothing
w In case of LU, MS will attempt a new LU request
w In case of Call establishment, MS will not re-attempt automatically, it is up to
the subscriber to try to setup the call again
1.58
Radio Link Establishment - SDCCH cong. causes
MAIN CAUSES
w Too much SDCCH "normal" traffic for cell SDCCH design
radio resource capacity not sufficient (too much calls)
inadequate LA design (too much LUs)
w "Common Transport Effect"
difficult to avoid for small cells
w Abnormal SDCCH traffic
"phantom" channel requests (seen in SDCCH RF failure session)
neighbour cell barred
w SDCCH congestion can be too high because of the subscribers' traffic demand in terms of calls / LU.
Solution = add TRX or site / redesign LA plan
w High SDCCH congestion can be observed at peculiar period of the day due to peak of LU requests generated a big group of
subscribers entering a new LA at the same time (bus, train, plane).
Solution = redesign LA plan or play on radio parameters (CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS, WI_OP)
w High SDCCH congestion can be abnormally observed without real MS traffic in case a high level of noise or the proximity of a
non GSM radio transmitter.
Solution = change BCCH frequency or put a RX filter
w High SDCCH congestion can also be abnormally observed in a cell in case one of its neighbour is barred.
Solution = Debar cell
1.59
Radio Link Establishment - SDCCH radio failure
TYPICAL CALL FAILURES
SDCCH congestion
SDCCH congestion
1.60
Radio Link Establishment - SDCCH radio access failure
RLE > SDCCH RF Failure
MS BTS BSC MSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
----------------------------------------------> MC8C
<---------------------------------------------- MC148
---------------------------------------------->
<------------(AGCH)------------- MC8B
IMMEDIATE ASSIGN
-------(SDCCH)-----X
T3101expiry->radio failure
MC149
w MC149 counts the number of SDCCH access failures due to radio problem.
1.61
Radio Link Establishment - real radio problems
Main causes > real radio problems
w unbalanced cell power budget
w bad coverage (for example a moving car)
w interference (for example downlink)
w In case of radio failure, MS will retry as for SDCCH congestion
w Unbalanced Power Budget :
w Bad coverage :
w Interference :
Zone dinterference DL
AGCH perdu
RACH
buildin
g
BTS
Channel Request
Access Grant
Max Path Loss UL
Max Path Loss DL
AGC
H
RAC
H
1.62
Radio Link Establishment - Ghost RACH
Main causes > "Phantom/Ghost/Spurious/Dummy ... RACH"
w channel request received but not sent : 3 causes
noise decoding
reception of channel request sent to a neighbour cell
reception of HO_ACCESS sent to a neighbour cell
1.63
Radio Link Establishment - Ghost RACH
Main causes > "Phantom/Ghost/Spurious/Dummy ... RACH"
w Example of a channel required message
w For this Channel Required the establishment cause is valid (Call re-establishment) but the Access Delay (corresponding to the
distance between the MS and the BS) is high.
w Indeed Access Delay being equal to the Timing Advance is coded in slot unit representing a distance of 550m. It can take
values from 0 (0m) to 63 (35km).
w Thus the Channel Required above is receive from a MS located at 19km from the site. It may therefore be rather a ghost
RACH than a real MS wanted to re-establish a call.
w In Alcatel BSS there is possibility to filter the Channel Required received from a distance greater than a distance defined as a
parameter value : RACH_TA_FILTER tunable on a per cell basis. Caution should be taken since a too low value may reduce
the network coverage.
1.64
Radio Link Establishment - Ghost RACH causes
Main causes > "Phantom RACH" >noise decoding
w GSM 05.05 : " 0.02 % of Rach Frame can be decoded without error without real input
signal"
BCCH not combined : 51 Rach/Multi Frame > (3600 * 1000) ms / 4.615 ms at 0.02 % : 156
dummy RACH/hour
BCCH combined : 27/51 RACH/Multi-Frame > 83 dummy RACH/hour
3/8 of causes (field of channel request, 5 valid causes over 8) will be unvalid
Example of induced SDCCH traffic : (5/8*156*T3101 (3 sec))/3600 = 0.08 Erlang SDCCH
This extra-load has no impact for the system
w Some tips :
dummy Rach load depends on minimum level for decoding configured in
Evolium BTS
during period with low real traffic (night), high rate of dummy RACH
for dummy RACH, channel required has a random value of TA
STRUCTURE of the MULTIFRAME in "TIME SLOT" 0 STRUCTURE of the MULTIFRAME in "TIME SLOT" 0 STRUCTURE of the MULTIFRAME in "TIME SLOT" 0 STRUCTURE of the MULTIFRAME in "TIME SLOT" 0
-
R = RACH
DOWNLINK DOWNLINK DOWNLINK DOWNLINK
f s b b b b C C C C
31 51 1 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 41
f s f s f s f s C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C -
(Multiframes of 51 frames)
f = FCCH s = SCH b = BCCH
f s
C C C C = CCCH (PCH or AGCH)
UPLINK UPLINK UPLINK UPLINK
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
(Non (Non (Non (Non- -- -combined BCCH) combined BCCH) combined BCCH) combined BCCH)
(Combined BCCH) (Combined BCCH) (Combined BCCH) (Combined BCCH)
R = RACH R = RACH R = RACH R = RACH
DOWNLINK DOWNLINK DOWNLINK DOWNLINK
F = FCCH S = SCH B = BCCH C = CCCH (PCH or AGCH) C = CCCH (PCH or AGCH) C = CCCH (PCH or AGCH) C = CCCH (PCH or AGCH)
UPLINK UPLINK UPLINK UPLINK
F S B C CC C F S F S F S - F S C CC C C CC C D0 D0 D0 D0 D1 D1 D1 D1 D2 D2 D2 D2 D3 D3 D3 D3 A0 A0 A0 A0 A1 A1 A1 A1
F S B C CC C F S F S F S - F S C CC C C CC C D0 D0 D0 D0 D1 D1 D1 D1 D2 D2 D2 D2 D3 D3 D3 D3 A2 A2 A2 A2 A3 A3 A3 A3
R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R
D3 D3 D3 D3 A2 A2 A2 A2 A3 A3 A3 A3 D0 D0 D0 D0 D1 D1 D1 D1 D2 D2 D2 D2
R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R R RR R
D3 D3 D3 D3 A0 A0 A0 A0 A1 A1 A1 A1 D0 D0 D0 D0 D1 D1 D1 D1 D2 D2 D2 D2
Dn/An = SDCCH/SACCH/4 Dn/An = SDCCH/SACCH/4 Dn/An = SDCCH/SACCH/4 Dn/An = SDCCH/SACCH/4
51 multiframe duration = 51 x 8 x 0,577 = 235ms
1.65
Main causes > "Phantom RACH" >noise decoding
w no subscriber -> no impact for subscriber
w but MC149 incremented -> SDCCH RF access failure is impacted
MS BTS BSC MSC
CHANNEL REQUIRED
----------------------------------------------> MC8C
<---------------------------------------------- MC148
---------------------------------------------->
<------------ (AGCH) ------------- MC8B
T3101expiry
->radio failure
MC149
1.66
Main causes > "Phantom RACH" > Channel Request
sent to neighbour cell
w Subscriber not impacted (real transaction performed elsewhere)
w but MC149 incremented -> SDCCH RF access failure is impacted
w Usual radio planning rules are sufficient to avoid the trouble
2 cells must not have same (BCCH,BSIC) couple
M S BT S BSC M SC
CHANNEL REQUIRED
- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - > M C8C
CHANNEL ACT IVAT I ON (S DCCH)
<- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - M C1 4 8
CHANNEL ACT IVAT IO N ACK
- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - >
IMMEDIAT E ASSIG N CO MMAND
IMMEDIAT E ASSIG N <- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - s t ar t T 31 01 M C8 B
<- - - - - - - -- - - - (A GCH)- -- - - - - - - - - - -
T 31 01 ex pir y M C14 9
- > r ad io f ailur e
w BSIC = BCC (3 bit) + NCC (3 bit)
BCC : BTS Color Code
NCC : Network Color Code
1.67
due to handover
w during HO, first message sent to target cell is HO Access
w this message is an Access Burst like Channel Request
w If received on BCCH, can be understood as a Channel Request
(RACH)
w a new case of "Phantom RACH"
1.68
due to handover
this case is the most dangerous
w MS is sending usually a sequence of HO Access message, every frame
w in some cases, this can create phantom RACH if
frequency of TCH identical or adjacent of the one of interfered BCCH
w characteristics of such phantom RACH (Channel Required)
subsequent frame number
random, but stable timing advance
w can block very easily SDCCH
1.69
Radio Link Establishment - BSS failure
TYPICAL CALL FAILURES
SDCCH congestion
SDCCH congestion
1.70
Radio Link Establishment - BSS problem
RLE > BSS problem
w no specific counter
MS BTS BSC MSC
CHANNEL REQUEST
----------------------------------------------> MC8C
<---------------------------------------------- MC148
---------------------------------------------->
<------------(AGCH)------------- MC8B
SABM (L3 info)
------------(SDCCH)------------>
w BSS Problem are difficult to specified a priori. It is better to deduce them from other counters which are more easy to
implement thus more reliable.
1.71
RLE counters
Radio Link Establishment - counters
Request MC8C
GPRS causes P62C
GSM invalid causes unknown
Preparation GSM valid causes unknown
Congestion MC04
BSS Pb unknown
Execution Attempt MC148
Radio Access Failure MC149
BSS Pb MC148 - (MC01+MC02) - MC149
Success MC01+MC02
Radio Link Establishment
B7
REQUEST
Congestion
ATTEMPT
Radio access failure
SUCCESS
BSS problem
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
GPRS causes GSM/GPRS invalid causes GSM valid causes
BSS problem
w Statistically ghost RACH can correspond to any kind of establishment cause : valid and invalid.
w As ghost RACH which corresponds to a GSM valid cause will lead to an SDCCH allocation which will not be seized by a MS,
they will lead to the incrementation of MC149 counter and therefore counted as an SDCCH access failure due to radio.
1.72
Radio Link Establishment - indicators
TYPICAL CALL FAILURES : RLE indicators
w Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS RELEASE B7.2 :
w GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > SDCCH > Assignment Phase
SDNAUR : SDCCH assignment unsuccess rate
SDNACGR : SDCCH assignment failure rate due to congestion (Global)
SDNAFLRR : SDCCH assignment failure rate due to radio
SDNAFLBR : SDCCH assignment failure rate due to BSS problem
w SDCCH radio access failure due to ghost RACH occurrence is easily observed during low traffic hour (night time) since ghost
RACH are almost the only cause of failure.
1.73
SDCCH phase - OC success
successful SDCCH phase : OC call
w ~ transparent message : no dedicated counters
MS BTS BSC MSC
SDCCH Phase : Originating Call case
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHENTICATION REQUEST
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CIPHERING MODE COMMAND
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
SETUP
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CALL PROCEEDING
w Transparent message (DTAP) are used in order for the NSS to perform control procedures to enable the MS to setup a speech
call.
w Authentication : Checks that the Mobile Station is the required station and not an intruder
w Ciphering : All Information (Signalling, Speech and Data) is sent in cipher mode, to avoid monitoring and intruders (who could
analyze signalling data)
w Setup/Call Processing : call is being processed between Caller Party and Called Party
1.74
SDCCH phase - TC success
successful SDCCH phase : TC call
MS BTS BSC MSC
SDCCH Phase : Terminating Call case
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SETUP
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
CALL CONFIRM
w Setup/Call Confirm : call is being processed between Caller Party and Called Party
1.75
SDCCH phase - LU success
successful SDCCH phase : Location Update
MS BTS BSC MSC
SDCCH Phase : Location Update Case (with TMSI reallocation)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
LOCATION UPDATE REQUEST
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
< -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOCATION UPDATE ACCEPT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
TMSI REALLOCATION COMPLETE
w Some transparent messages are also exchanged between the MS and the network in case of a Location Update transaction.
1.76
SDCCH phase - drops
SDCCH phase
w loss of connection during SDCCH phase = "SDCCH drop"
w 3 origins of SDCCH drop
radio problems when connected on SDCCH
BSS problems
call lost during an SDCCH HO (handover failure without
reversion to old channel)
w Generally SDCCH handover are disabled in the network since average SDCCH duration is only around 2 to 3 seconds.
1.77
SDCCH phase - radio drop
SDCCH phase > drop radio
w connection lost due to radio problem
MS BTS BSC MSC
SDCCH Phase established
Radio connection lost
---------------------------------------------------- > MC138
CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION
(cause : radio link failure)
--------------------------------------- >
CLEAR REQUEST
Cause : radio interface failure
w MC138 counts the number of SDCCH channel drop due to radio problem.
w Radio problems can be due to coverage, interference and sometimes BSS dysfunction which is not detected as a system
alarm by O&M Fault Management application.
1.78
SDCCH phase - BSS drop
SDCCH phase > drop BSS
w connection lost due BSS problem
MS BTS BSC MSC
MC137
--------------------------------------- >
CLEAR REQUEST
Cause : O&M intervention
Cause : radio interface failure
w MC137 counts the number of SDCCH channel drop due to BSS problem.
w BSS problem can be a BTS/BSC hardware or software failure. It can also be due to Abis problem (due to Micro Wave
transmission for instance).
1.79
SDCCH phase > drop HO
connection lost during Hand-Over
MS BTS BSC MSC
HO FAILURE WITHOUT REVERSION MC07
--------------------------------------- >
CLEAR REQUEST
Radio Interface Message Failure (Alcatel)
SDCCH phase - HO drop
w MC07 counts the number of SDCCH channel drop due to handover failure.
1.80
SDCCH phase counters
SDCCH phase - counters
SDCCH connection MC01+MC02+MC10
SDCCH Drop Drop radio MC138
Drop BSS MC137
Drop HO MC07
SDCCH Phase
TCH assignment phase SDCCH drop
SDCCH connection
Normal release
Drop radio
Drop BSS
Drop HO
1.81
SDCCH phase - indicators
SDCCH phase indicators
w GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > SDCCH > Established phase
SDCDR : SDCCH drop rate (Global)
SDCDRR : SDCCH drop rate due to radio
SDCDBR : SDCCH drop rate due to BSS Problem
SDCDHR : SDCCH drop rate due to HO failure
1.82
SDCCH phase - exercise
SDCCH phase : Exercises
w with K1205 (file PAIB29.REC)
-extract a location update (successful
case)
-extract a transaction with a SDCCH
drop
what is the cause of the failure ?
is it possible to "guess" the type of transaction (OC,
TC, LU ) ?
-as 2, but for a different cause
Time allowed :
15 minutes
1.83
TCH assignment - success
TCH assignment success case
w T3107 : guard timer for TCH assignment
MS BTS BSC MSC
TCH ASSIGNMENT PHASE (OC or TC)
< -----------------------------------
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
< --------------------------------------------------------
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST
-------------------------------------------------------- >
PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM
< -------------------------------------------------------- MC703
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (TCH)
-------------------------------------------------------- >
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE
< ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start T3107
(SDCCH) ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
---------------------- >
TCH SABM -------------------------------------------------------- >
< ---------------------- ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > Stop T3107
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE MC718
----------------------------------- >
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
B7
w MC703 counts the number of TCH channels activated (therefore allocated) in a cell.
w MC718 counts the number of MS which have successfully accessed a TCH in a cell as part of a call establishment (Normal
Assignment).
w Both counters are new in B7 since they are now implemented at TRX level.
1.84
TCH assignment > congestion
w 5 causes of congestion 5 counters : C612A, B, C, D, E
whenever
Queuing is not allowed
Queue is Full
T11 expires
RTCH request is dequeued due to a higher priority request to be queued
no Abis-TCH resource is available (in restriction in B7)
MS BTS BSC MSC
< -----------------------------------------------
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
No RTCH available on requested cell MC812
------------------------------------------------ >
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
Cause No Radio Resource Available
TCH assignment - TCH congestion
B7
w New counter in B7.2 : C612E : Number of 08.08 ASSIGNMENT REQUEST for TCH normal assignment rejected due to A-bis
congestion.
w Therefore B6 counter MC612 is replaced by MC812 in B7
MC812 = C612A+C612B+C612C+C612D+C612E of PM Type 1.
w But as C612E is in restriction in B7 (always = 0) then MC812(B7) = MC612(B6)
w MC612A, MC612B, MC612C, MC612D also exist in PM Type 110.
w TCH request is attached a Priority Level between 1 (highest priority) to 14 (lowest priority).
1.85
TCH assignment > radio failure
w radio problem
MS BTS BSC MSC
< -----------------------------------
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
< --------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------- >
< -------------------------------------------------------- MC703
-------------------------------------------------------- >
< ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start T3107
SABM
----(TCH)------X
T3107 Expiry
MC746B
----------------------------------- >
ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
Radio interface failure
TCH assignment - radio failure
B7
w MC746B counts the number of TCH access failures due to radio problem.
w MC746B counter is new in B7 since it is now implemented at TRX level.
w In case of TCH access failure the MS will try to revert back to SDCCH channel. Whether it succeeds in reverting to SDCCH or
not the call establishment fails. On the other hand some MSC may resent the ASSIGNMENT REQUEST again.
1.86
TCH assignment > BSS problem
w BSS problem (Abis, BTS/BSC HW or SW)
TCH assignment - BSS problem
MS BTS BSC MSC
< -----------------------------------
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
< --------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------- >
< -------------------------------------------------------- MC703
-------------------------------------------------------- >
< ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start T3107
SABM
----(TCH)---- >
MC14B
1.87
TCH assignment counters
TCH assignment - counters
Preparation Request unknown
Congestion MC812
BSS Pb MC14B*
Execution Attempt MC703
Radio Access Failure MC746B
BSS Pb MC14B*
Success MC718
TCH assignment
B7
Congestion
ATTEMPT
Radio access failure
SUCCESS
BSS problem
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
REQUEST
BSS problem
w From PM Type110 counters no discrimination between BSS problems which have occured during the preparation phase and
those which have occured during the execution phase.
w If PM Type1 is activated then TCH assignment request will be equal to the indicator TCNARQAN =
C701A+C701B+C701C+C701D+C701E
w where :
C701A TCH requests from FR only MS
C701B TCH requests from DR MS
C701C TCH requests from DR+EFR MS
C701D TCH requests from AMR MS
C701E TCH requests from Data calls
w Then BSS Pb during TCH assignment preparation will be equal to :
C701A+C701B+C701C+C701D+C701E - MC703 - MC812
w and BSS Pb during TCH assignment execution will be equal to :
MC14B - (C701A+C701B+C701C+C701D+C701E - MC703 - MC812)
w Indicators on TCH assignment phase provided by Alcatel QOS Tool Chain are only those using PM Type110 counters.
w If it happens that BSS Pb counter MC14B is high then PM Type1 activation can be used to know if it takes place during
preparation or execution phase.
1.88
TCH Assignment indicators
TCH assignment - indicators
B7
w GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > RTCH > Assignment Phase
TCNAUR : TCH assignment unsuccess rate (Global)
TCNACGR : TCH assignment failure rate due to congestion
TCNAFLRR : TCH assignment failure rate due to radio
TCNAFLBR : TCH assignment failure rate due to BSS Problem
w In B7.2 some indicators can be provided on a per TRX basis due to the availability of new counters provided per TRX in Type
110 :
TCNAEFR = RTCH_assign_efficiency_rate (RNO name) = MC718 / MC703
Rate of successful RTCH seizures in relation to all RTCH allocated, during TCH assignment procedure
TCNAAFLRR = RTCH_assign_allocated_fail_radio_rate (RNO name) = MC746B / MC703
Rate of RTCH seizures failed during normal assignment procedure because of radio problems in relation to all
RTCH allocated for TCH assignment procedure
w This will help a lot to detect bad QOS due to TRX hardware related problem.
1.89
TCH assignment failure
-find and extract a case of TCH
congestion (if any)
-find and extract a case of
assignment failure due to radio
problem (if any)
TCH assignment - exercise
Time allowed :
15 minutes
1.90
TCH phase
w transparent messages for BSS, no specific counters
w TCH DROP : any problems occurring after TCH assignment (during or after
connection) cannot be discriminated
MS BTS BSC MSC
Alerting Connection Phase (OC case) : ringing phase
< ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALERTING
< ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONNECT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
CONNECT ACK
MS BTS BSC MSC
Alerting Connection Phase : TC case
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
ALERTING
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >
CONNECT
< ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONNECT ACK
TCH phase - success
MS BTS BSC MSC
< -----------------------------------
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
< --------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------- >
< --------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------- >
< ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Start T3107
---------------------- >
TCH SABM -------------------------------------------------------- >
< ---------------------- ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > Stop T3107
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
----------------------------------- >
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
< ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ALERTING
< ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONNECT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
CONNECT ACK
Call Setup
Call phase
Call Setup
Call phase
w Call setup phase and Stable call phase are not corresponding between BSS and NSS.
w For BSS call is established when the MS has successfully accessed a TCH channel on the Air
interface.
w For NSS call is established when the speech data exchanged is started between end-users.
w Thus Call setup phase is shorter and Call phase is longer in the BSS.
w Therefore Call Setup Success rate is worse in the NSS and Call Drop rate is worse in the BSS.
1.91
TCH phase > drop radio
w radio problem
MS BTS BSC MSC
Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time
Radio problem
-------------------------------------------------------- > MC736
CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION --------------------------------------- >
Cause radio link failure CLEAR REQUEST
Cause radio interface failure
(alcatel)
TCH phase - radio drop
B7
w MC736 counts the number of TCH channel drop due to radio problem.
w MC736 counter is new in B7 since it is now implemented at TRX level.
w Radio problems can be due to coverage, interference and sometimes BSS dysfunction which is not detected as a system
alarm by O&M Fault Management application.
1.92
TCH phase > drop TC
w remote TransCoder problem
MS BTS BSC MSC
Radio problem
-------------------------------------------------------- > MC739
CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION --------------------------------------- >
Remote transcoder failure CLEAR REQUEST
Equipment failure
TCH phase - remote TC drop
B7
w MC739 counts the number of TCH channel drop due to BSS problem reported as "remote TransCoder failure".
w It can usually be a bad quality of the transmission on the Abis interface (Micro Wave) or a faulty hardware component in the
TransCoder or even sometimes BSS software/hardware problem.
w In B7
1.93
TCH phase > drop BSS internal
w other internal BSS problem (excluding TC)
MS BTS BSC MSC
MC14C
--------------------------------------- >
CLEAR REQUEST
O&M intervention
TCH phase - BSS internal drop
w MC14C counts the number of TCH channel drop due to BSS problem other than the ones reported by the TransCoder.
w BSS problem can be a BTS/BSC hardware or software failure.
1.94
TCH phase > drop HO
w handover failure
MS BTS BSC MSC
HO FAILURE WITHOUT REVERSION MC621
--------------------------------------- >
CLEAR REQUEST
Radio Interface Message Failure (Alcatel)
TCH phase - HO drop
B7
w MC621 counts the number of TCH channel drop due to Handover failure.
w This event is also counted in the set of Handover counters as an Outgoing handover failure without reversion to old channel.
1.95
TCH phase > drop preemption
w TCH preempted
MS BTS BSC MSC
Alerting Connection Phase of a call
with priority level pl2 and preemption vulnerability indicator pvi=1
no TCH free
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
<---------------------------------------
Priority level pl1 > pl2
preemption capability indicator pci=1
MC921C
--------------------------------------- >
CLEAR REQUEST
preemption
TCH phase - preemption drop
B7
w MC921C counts the number of TCH channel drop due to pre-emption for another call to be established.
w MC921C counter is new in B7 as linked to the new feature Pre-emption.
1.96
TYPICAL CALL FAILURES : TCH phase counters
TCH phase - counters
B7
TCH connection MC718+MC717A+MC717B
Outgoing HO success MC712
Call drop Drop radio MC736
Drop TC MC739
Drop internal BSS MC14C
Drop HO MC621
Drop preemption MC921C
Normal release unknown
NSS abnormal release unknown
TCH Phase
Outgoing HO success Call drop
TCH connection
Normal release
Call drop radio
Call drop BSS
Call drop HO
Call drop preemption
TC
BSS internal
NSS abnormal release
1.97
TYPICAL CALL FAILURES : TCH phase indicators
w call drop rate = call drop / RTCH success end
w RTCH success end = RTCH assignment success
+ RTCH incoming (HO+DR) success
- RTCH outgoing HO
TCH phase - call drop rate
B7
Incoming internal HO+DR Incoming internal HO+DR Incoming internal HO+DR Incoming internal HO+DR
BSS1
BSS2
Incoming external HO+DR Incoming external HO+DR Incoming external HO+DR Incoming external HO+DR
outgoing HO outgoing HO outgoing HO outgoing HO
TCH assignment TCH assignment TCH assignment TCH assignment
w QSCDN = call drop
= drop radio + drop TC + drop internal BSS + drop HO + drop Preemption
= MC736 + MC739 + MC14C + MC621 + MC921C
w TCQHCCN = RTCH success end
= assignment success + incoming (HO+DR) success - outgoing HO
= MC718 + (MC717A+MC717B) - MC712
w As MC718, MC717A, MC717B and MC712 are provided per TRX RTCH success end indicator (TCAHCCN) can be
computed per TRX.
w But since only MC736 (drop radio), MC739 (drop TC) and MC621 (drop HO) are provided per TRX call drop rate indicator
(QSCDR) can be computed per CELL only.
w On the other hand the following call drop indicators can be computed per TRX :
call drop radio rate (QSCDRR) = call drop radio / RTCH success end
call drop HO rate (QSCDHR) = call drop HO / RTCH success end
call drop TC rate (QSCDBTR) = call drop TC / RTCH success end
w Note :
MC718 counts the number of successful TCH assignment.
MC717A counts the number of successful internal DR.
MC717B counts the number of successful incoming internal and external (HO+DR) as well as the number of intra cell
HO successfully performed.
MC712 counts the number of successful outgoing internal and external HO as well as the number of intra cell HO
successfully performed
1.98
w RTCH drop rate = call drop / RTCH success begin
w RTCH success begin = RTCH assignment success
- RTCH intra cell HO success
TCH phase - RTCH drop rate
B7
BSS1
BSS2
Intra Intra Intra Intra- -- -cell HO cell HO cell HO cell HO
w QSCDN = call drop
= MC736 + MC739 + MC14C + MC621 + MC921C
w TCQHSUBN = RTCH success begin
= assignment success + incoming (HO+DR) success - intra cell HO
= MC718 + (MC717A+MC717B) - MC662
w As MC662 is not provided per TRX RTCH success begin indicator (TCAHSUBN) can not be computed per TRX but per CELL
only.
w Therefore all RTCH drop rate indicators can be computed per CELL only.
w Note :
MC662 counts the number of successful TCH intracell HO.
1.99
w TRX TCH drop rate = call drop / RTCH success
w RTCH success = RTCH assignment success
TCH phase - TRX TCH drop rate
B7
BSS1
BSS2
Intra Intra Intra Intra- -- -cell HO cell HO cell HO cell HO
w QSCDN = call drop
= MC736 + MC739 + MC14C + MC621 + MC921C
w TCAHSUN = RTCH success
= assignment success + incoming (HO+DR) success
= MC718 + (MC717A+MC717B)
w Whereas some call drop rate indicators are defined per TRX and per CELL, TRX RTCH drop rate indicators are defined at
TRX level only.
w As MC718, MC717A, MC717B are provided per TRX RTCH success indicator (TCAHSUN) can be computed per TRX.
w But since only MC736 (drop radio), MC739 (drop TC) and MC621 (drop HO) are provided per TRX a globalTRX RTCH drop
rate indicator can not be provided.
w On the other hand the following TRX RTCH drop indicators can be computed :
TRX_RTCH_drop_radio_rate (TCAHCDRTR) = call drop radio / RTCH success
TRX_RTCH_drop_HO_rate (TCHOCDTR) = call drop HO / RTCH success
TRX_RTCH_drop_BSS_remote_TC_rate (TCTRTCDTR) = call drop TC / RTCH success
w CAUTION : Intra-cell HO being counted in MC717B and not deduced in the RTCH success computation in order to
provide the TRX RTCH drop indicators at TRX level then these indicators may be abnormally low (good) if a large
amount of intra-cell HO are performed in the cell (concentric cell, multiband cell).
w call drop indicators : all of them are available per CELL only and some of them per TRX
GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > Call Statistics > Call drop
QSCDR: call drop rate (Global) : CELL
QSCDRR: call drop rate due to radio : CELL + TRX
QSCDBIR: call drop rate due to BSS internal problem : CELL
QSCDBTR: call drop rate due to TransCoder reported problem : CELL + TRX
QSCDHR: call drop rate due to HO failure : CELL + TRX
QSCDPR: call drop rate due to preemption : CELL
w RTCH drop indicators : all of them are available per CELL only
GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > RTCH > Established phase
QSTCCDR : RTCH drop rate
TCAHCDRR : RTCH drop rate due to radio
TCTRICDBR : RTCH drop rate due to BSS internal problem
TCTRTCDR : RTCH drop rate due to TransCoder reported problem
TCHOCDR : RTCH drop rate due to HO failure
TCPPCDR : RTCH drop rate due to preemption
w TRX TCH drop indicators : all of them are available per TRX only
GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > RTCH > Established phase
TCAHCDRTR: TRX TCH drop rate due to radio
TCTRTCDTR: TRX TCH drop rate due to TransCoder reported problem
TCHOCDTR : TRX TCH drop rate due to HO failure
B7
1.101
Alerting/Connection phase : TCH drop
-find a TCH drop, find the cause
can you tell if it is occurring during communication phase ?
- find a TCH drop due to hand-over, extract
the call
-find a TCH drop due to BSS problem,
extract the call, identify PCM, CIC
-as 3, next case
any remark ?
TCH phase - exercise
Time allowed :
15 minutes
1.102
TYPICAL CALL FAILURES : summary
call stage call stage call stage call stage A interface A interface A interface A interface cause cause cause cause field field field field related related related related problem problem problem problem
radio radio radio radio link link link link
establishment establishment establishment establishment
no message no message no message no message - -- - - SDCCH congestion - SDCCH congestion - SDCCH congestion - SDCCH congestion
- radio - radio - radio - radio problem problem problem problem
- - - - dummy dummy dummy dummy rach rach rach rach
SDCCH phase SDCCH phase SDCCH phase SDCCH phase Clear Clear Clear Clear Request Request Request Request - radio interface - radio interface - radio interface - radio interface failure failure failure failure
- radio interface - radio interface - radio interface - radio interface failure failure failure failure
- O&M intervention - O&M intervention - O&M intervention - O&M intervention
- BSS system HW/SW - BSS system HW/SW - BSS system HW/SW - BSS system HW/SW pb pb pb pb
- - - - recovery/operator recovery/operator recovery/operator recovery/operator
TCH TCH TCH TCH assignment assignment assignment assignment Assignment Assignment Assignment Assignment Failure Failure Failure Failure - no radio - no radio - no radio - no radio resource resource resource resource avalaible avalaible avalaible avalaible
- Radio Interface - Radio Interface - Radio Interface - Radio Interface Failure Failure Failure Failure
- TCH congestion - TCH congestion - TCH congestion - TCH congestion
- Radio - Radio - Radio - Radio problem problem problem problem
Alerting/connexsion Alerting/connexsion Alerting/connexsion Alerting/connexsion
call call call call established established established established
Clear Clear Clear Clear Request Request Request Request - radio interface - radio interface - radio interface - radio interface failure failure failure failure
- radio interface message - radio interface message - radio interface message - radio interface message failure failure failure failure
- - - - equipment equipment equipment equipment failure failure failure failure
- O&M intervention - O&M intervention - O&M intervention - O&M intervention
- radio interface - radio interface - radio interface - radio interface failure failure failure failure
- - - - preemtion preemtion preemtion preemtion
- HO - HO - HO - HO failure failure failure failure w/o w/o w/o w/o reversion reversion reversion reversion
- Transcoder - Transcoder - Transcoder - Transcoder failure failure failure failure
- - - - operator operator operator operator action/recovery action/recovery action/recovery action/recovery
- BSS system HW/SW - BSS system HW/SW - BSS system HW/SW - BSS system HW/SW pb pb pb pb
- - - - preemption preemption preemption preemption
summary
B7
1.103
2 GLOBAL INDICATORS
B7
1.104
recall
w Global Indicators are
a set of indicators selected by Alcatel
useful to monitor the overall network
-what are the user and or system impacts if a GI is
bad ?
1.105
w SDCCH CONGESTION rate : may have impact for subscriber
call setup failure only after 3 subsequent congestion
if not, only some extra delay for call establishment
(less than 1 second) without immediate_assign_reject
can be longer with reject (but usually short value are used for call
request)
SDCCH congestion rate
INDICATOR
(G)
SDCCH ASSIGN CONG FAIL RATE
DEFINITION Rate of SDCCH not allocated during radio link establishment procedure due to congestion on Air
interface.
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC04) / SDCCH ASSIGN REQUESTS
THRESHOLD > 5%
COMMENT Check SDCCH Erlang : if not critical, SDCCH availability/allocation problem, or HO access on a
nearby cell side effect or interference on the carrier handling SDCCH (the last 2 can lead to high
rate of phantom RACH )
REF NAME SDNACGR UNIT %
w (G) means that the indicator is Global, i.e. it is important to provide it at a Network level.
INDICATOR
SDCCH ASSIGN REQUESTS
DEFINITION Number of SDCCH seizure requests during radio link establishment procedure.
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC148 + MC04)
THRESHOLD
COMMENT This includes requests rejected due to congestion on SDCCH.
REF NAME SDNARQN UNIT Number
1.106
DESCRIPTION OF GLOBAL INDICATORS
w SDCCH CONGESTION rate
SDCCH congestion rate
GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > SDCCH > Assignment phase
SDNACGR : SDCCH assignment failure rate due to congestion (Global)
1.107
w SDCCH DROP rate
w user impact : call setup failure
SDCCH drop rate
INDICATOR
(G)
SDCCH DROP RATE
DEFINITION Rate of dropped SDCCH (SDCCH is established for any transaction OC, TC, LU,...)
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC138 + MC07 + MC137) / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
THRESHOLD > 4%
COMMENT Drop radio + Drop HO + Drop BSS
REF NAME SDCDR UNIT %
w In a dense network SDCCH drop rate should be lower then 1%. Indeed the probablity to drop a radio link when the MS is on
SDCCH is less than on TCH since the SDCCH phase is shorter (less than 5 seconds) than TCH phase (several tens of
seconds).
INDICATOR
SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
DEFINITION Total number of SDCCH successfully seized by mobile during radio link establishment
procedure
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC01 + MC02)
THRESHOLD
COMMENT
REF NAME SDNASUN UNIT Number
1.108
w TCH ASSIGN UNSUCCESS rate :
congestion
radio
BSS problems
TCH assign unsuccess rate
INDICATOR
(G)
TCH ASSIGN UNSUCCESS RATE
DEFINITION Rate of unsuccessful RTCH seizures for normal assignment purpose (congestion + HO&radio
failures)
FORMULA B7.2 (TCH ASSIGN REQUESTS TCH ASSIGN SUCCESS) / TCH ASSIGN REQUESTS
THRESHOLD > 3%
COMMENT
REF NAME TCNAUR UNIT %
B7
w In a dense network TCH assignment unsucess rate should be lower then 1%.
INDICATOR TCH ASSIGN REQUESTS
DEFINITION Number of TCH seizure requests for normal assignment procedure.
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC703 + MC812)
THRESHOLD
COMMENT This includes requests rejected due to congestion.
In B7 : MC703 = MC16 (B6) but per TRX
In B7.1 : MC812 = MC612 (B6)
In B7.2 : MC812 = [MC612(B6)]+[Congestion on Abis(C612e)]
Congestion on Abis in restriction in B7.2, so finally MC812 = MC612 (B6).
REF NAME TCNARQN UNIT Number
INDICATOR TCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
DEFINITION Number of TCH successfully seized by MS for normal assignment procedure.
FORMULA B7.2
TRX
(MC718)
THRESHOLD
COMMENT MC718 is new in B7.
MC718 = MC18 (B6) but per TRX.
So indicator extended per TRX in B7.
REF NAME TCNASUN UNIT Number
1.109
w GLOBAL RADIO CONGESTION LEVEL (TCH congestion rate)
subscriber impact : call setup failure
more a management indicator : % of network which has congestion
S2 : GLOBAL 2.4 Description of global indicators
Global radio congestion level
INDICATOR
(G)
GLOBAL RADIO CONGESTION LEVEL
DEFINITION Global radio congestion level : number or rate of cell recurrently congested
FORMULA B7.2 COUNT_OF_CELLS (AVERAGE (MAX (TCH ASSIGN FAIL CONG RATE)) > 2%))
THRESHOLD According to operator
COMMENT This indicator reports the global radio congestion rate on the network. We define a specific
indicator counting the number of cells that are in congestion in a recurrent manner.
MAX (TCH ASSIGN FAIL CONG RATE) : is the peak of failures due to congestion observed
during the period (the day normally). See definition of TCH ASSIGN FAIL CONG RATE in
Quality of Service chapter)
AVERAGE : is an averaging function of the blocking rate over the selected period, that is over BH
of days for a week, or over BH of weeks for a month
COUNT_OF_CELL : is a function counting the number of cells for which condition between () is
respected.
The number of cells can be used as indicator, or the rate of cells over total number of cells in
network or area.
REF NAME QSCGR UNIT Number
w This counter intends to give a measurement of the TCH congestion of the whole network.
w It is implemented on Alcatel tool but other indicators can be defined.
1.110
w CALL DROP rate : The most important indicator
used with call setup success rate to compare PLMN (GSM and other
one)
subscribers impact : call drop !!
Call drop rate
INDICATOR
(G)
CALL DROP RATE
DEFINITION Rate of dropped calls (system + radio+ HO + preemption) over the total amount of calls with a
successful end.
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC621 + MC14c + MC736 + MC739 + MC921c) / TCH SUCCESS END
THRESHOLD > 4%
COMMENT Drop system + Drop radio + Drop HO + Drop preemption
TCH drop occurring after successful assignment but before speech connection are considered as
call drop even if from customers point of view it is a call setup failure
MC739, MC736 and MC621 derive from B6 counters C139, C136 and C21. These new counters
are per TRX.
MC921c is new in B7.2.
REF NAME QSCDR UNIT %
B7
w In a dense network Call Drop Rate should be lower than 2%. It can should even go down to 1% or less in case Slow
Frequency Hopping is used.
w RTCH drop rate is defined below :
w TRX TCH drop radio rate is defined below :
INDICATOR GLOBAL TCH DROP
DEFINITION Rate of TCH dropped (system + radio + handover + preemption) over the total amount of
calls established in the cell.
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC14c + MC739 + MC736 + MC621+ MC921c) / TCH SUCCESS BEGIN
THRESHOLD > 3%
COMMENT Drop System + Drop radio + Drop HO + Drop preemption
Indicator relevant at cell level mostly.
MC739, MC736 and MC621 derive from B6 counters C139, C136 and C21. These new
counters are per TRX.
MC921c is new in B7.2.
REF NAME QSTCCDR UNIT %
INDICATOR TRX TCH DROP RADIO RATE
DEFINITION Rate of TCH dropped due to radio problems, per TRX.
FORMULA B7.2 (MC736) / TCH SUCCESS
THRESHOLD > 3%
COMMENT New in B7
MC736 derives from B6 counters C136. This new counter in B7 is per TRX.
Indicator only per TRX because intracell handovers are taken into account.
REF NAME TCAHCDRTR UNIT %
1.111
w CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate : the second most important indicator
used to compare PLMN
subscriber : call not established at the first attempt
w beware : call setup failure due to lack of coverage are not taken into account
in this indicator !!
No way to quantify them (as there is no initial access)
Call set-up success rate
INDICATOR
(G)
CALL SETUP SUCCESS RATE (BSS view)
DEFINITION Rate of calls going until TCH successful assignment, that is not interrupted by SDCCH DROP
neither by Assignment failures
FORMULA B7.2 (1 ( SDCCH DROP / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS ) ) * (1 TCH ASSIGN UNSUCCESS RATE)
THRESHOLD > 95%
COMMENT SDCCH assignment failures are not considered in CSSR as :
ghost (spurious) RACH cannot be discriminated from real access failure
effect of re-attempts performed autonomously by MS cannot be quantified
REF NAME QSCSSR UNIT %
B7
w Ghost Rack which correspond to a valid establishment cause are not identified by the BSS. Therefore they can lead to a high
SDCCH assignment failure rate if they are too numerous.
w As the end-user is not impacted by this phenomenon if no SDCCH congestion is induced, SDCCH assignment phase is not
considered in the computation of the Call Setup Success rate provided by Alcatel tools.
w In a dense network Call Setup Success Rate should be greater than 98%.
w SDCCH congestion rate should also be considered to have a complete picture of Call Setup efficiency.
1.112
w 1 call success =
1 call successfully established
without any call drop
Call success rate
INDICATOR
(G)
CALL SUCCESS RATE (BSS view)
DEFINITION Rate of calls going until normal release , that is not interrupted by SDCCH DROP , neither by
Assignment Failures and neither by CALL DROP
FORMULA B6.2 (CALL SETUP SUCCESS RATE) * (1 CALL DROP RATE)
THRESHOLD < 92%
COMMENT
REF NAME QSCCR UNIT %
w In a dense network Call Setup Success Rate should be greater than 97%.
1.113
w CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate
w CALL SUCCESS rate
Call (set-up) success rate
GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > Call statistics > Call success
QSCSSR : Call setup success rate (Global)
QSCCR : Call success rate (Global)
1.114
Handover cause distribution
w indicator aiming to measure the efficiency of planning /optimization
INDICATOR
(G)
HO CAUSE DISTRIBUTION
DEFINITION Distribution of Handover attempts by cause X : UL/DL Qual, UL/DL Lev, UL/DL Interference,
Distance, Better Cell, Interband, Micro cells HO, Concentric cell, Traffic, AMR, TFO causes.
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC67w or MC785x or MC586y or MC10zz or MC447 or MC461)
cell
(MC67all + MC785all + MC586all + MC10all + MC447 + MC461)
MC67all = MC671+MC672+MC673+MC674+MC675+MC676+MC677+MC678+MC679
+MC670
MC785all = MC785a + MC785d + MC785e + MC785f (microcell)
MC586all = MC586a + MC586b + MC586c (concentric)
MC10all = MC1040 + MC1044 + MC1050
THRESHOLD Quality DL > 10%, Qual UL > 10%, Level UL > 20%, Level DL > 20%
Interf UL > 5%, Interf DL > 5%, Better Cell < 30%
COMMENT
REF NAME HCSTBPBR, HCCCELVDR, HCCCELVUR, HCCCBCPR,
HCSTEDIR, HCSTEIFDR, HCSTELVDR, HCSTEQLDR,
HCSTBDRR, HCMBBCPR, HCMCEBSR, HCMCELVDR,
HCMCBCPR, HCMCELVUR, HCSTEMIR, HCSTEIFUR,
HCSTELVUR, HCSTEQLUR, HCSTAMR, HCSTBTFR
UNIT %
1.115
Handover standard cause distribution
w indicator aiming to measure the efficiency of planning / optimization
w interesting for comparing HO distribution after concentric or micro cell
implementation
INDICATOR
(G)
DISTRIBUTION HO CAUSE STANDARD
DEFINITION Distribution of Handover attempts by standard cause : Power Budget, quality too low, level too low,
high interference and MS-BTS distance too long.
FORMULA B7.2

cell
( (MC67x) / GLOBAL HO CAUSE STANDARD)
MC67x = MC670 or MC672 or MC671 or MC673 or MC676 or MC677 or MC678 or MC674 or
(MC670+MC672) or (MC671+MC673) or (MC676+M677)
THRESHOLD
COMMENT
REF NAME HCSTEIFDSR, HCSTEIFUSR, HCSTEIFSR, HCSTELVDSR,
HCSTELVUSR, HCSTELVSR, HCSTEQLDSR,
HCSTEQLUSR, HCSTEQLSR, HCSTBPBSR, HCSTEDISR
UNIT %
B7
w Global HO cause standard indicator is defined as below :
where :
MC670: Number of handover attempts cause 2: "uplink quality too low"
MC672: Number of handover attempts cause 4: downlink quality too low"
MC671: Number of handover attempts cause 3: "uplink level too low"
MC673: Number of handover attempts cause 5: "downlink level too low"
MC676: Number of handover attempts cause 15: "too high uplink interference level"
MC677: Number of handover attempts cause 16: "too high downlink interference level"
MC678: Number of handover attempts cause 12: "too low power budget"
MC674: Number of handover attempts cause 6: "MS-BTS distance too long"
1.116
Handover cause distribution
w HANDOVER CAUSE rates
Handover statistics INDICATORS > Handover causes
HCXXYYYYR : Rate of specific HO cause xxyyyy versus all HO causes (Global)
+ where XX = ST (standard) or MC (micro cell) or CC (concentric cell) or MB (multi band)
+ and YYYY is specific to the cause
1.117
w global success rate of Outgoing HO
w success rate of execution of Outgoing HO
Outgoing handover success rate
INDICATOR
(G)
OUTGOING HO SUCCESS RATE
DEFINITION Rate of successful outgoing external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH handovers
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC646 + MC656) /
cell
(MC645a + MC655a)
THRESHOLD < 90%
COMMENT This indicator includes preparation and execution.
REF NAME HOORSUR UNIT %
INDICATOR
(G)
EFFICIENCY OF OUTGOING HANDOVER EXECUTION
DEFINITION Rate of successful outgoing external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH handovers
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC646 + MC656) /
cell
(MC650 + MC660)
THRESHOLD < 90%
COMMENT Indicator takes into account HO execution only (not ho preparation).
REF NAME HOOREFR UNIT %
B7
w Global Outgoing HO success rate : represents the global efficiency ot the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any
of its neighbours (same BSS or not).
w Efficiency of Outgoing HO execution : represents the efficiency of the channel change procedure during outgoing handovers
performed from one cell to any of its neighbours (same BSS or not). It does not take into account the HO failures that can
occur during the preparation phase when the new channel is being selected and activated.
w In B7 MC645A is replacing MC645 of B6.
1.118
w global success rate of Incoming HO
w success rate of execution of Incoming HO
Incoming handover success rate
B7
INDICATOR
(G)
INCOMING HANDOVER SUCCESS RATE
DEFINITION Rate of successful incoming external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH handover.
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC642 + MC652) /
cell
(MC820 + MC830)
THRESHOLD < 90%
COMMENT
REF NAME HOIRSUR UNIT %
INDICATOR
(G)
EFFICIENCY OF INCOMING HANDOVERS
DEFINITION Rate of successful incoming external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH HO
FORMULA B7.2
cell
(MC642 + MC652) /
cell
(MC821 + MC831)
THRESHOLD < 90%
COMMENT Excluding congestion failures and BSS preparation failures from requests.
REF NAME HOIREFR UNIT %
w Global Incoming HO success rate : represents the global efficiency ot the incoming handovers performed to one cell from any
of its neighbours (same BSS or not).
w Efficiency of Incoming HO execution : represents the efficiency of the channel change procedure during incoming handovers
performed to one cell from any of its neighbours (same BSS or not). It does not take into account the HO failures that can
occur during the preparation phase when the new channel is being selected and activated.
1.119
w the highest, the best is the cell
w but traffic handled is not taken into account
INDICATOR
(G)
CELL QUALITY FACTOR ABSOLUTE
DEFINITION Indicator summarizing the cell behavour and allowing the operator to sort out cell for
investigation. This indicator is based on failure events. For each part of the indicator, two
threshold are used : T
opt
and T
QoS
. T
QoS
is the QoS warning threshold (e.g. above or below
the threshold, a warning is generated on the cell. T
opt
+ T
QoS
is the optimal value that should
be acheived.
Each part as a weighting factor (WF) according to the impact on subscribers point of view.
FORMULA B6.2 ((1 SDCCH CONGESTION rate) - T
QoS
)/ T
opt
* WF
+ (CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate - T
QoS
)/ T
opt
*WF
+ ((1 CALL DROP rate - T
QoS
)/ T
opt
* WF
+ (OUTGOING HO SUCCESS rate - T
QoS
)/ T
opt
* WF
+ ((1 HO QUALITY rate - T
QoS
)/ T
opt
* WF
THRESHOLD SDCCH CONGESTION rate : T
QoS
= 0.97, T
opt
= 0.03, WF = 0.1
CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate : T
QoS
= 0.9, T
opt
= 0.09, WF = 0.2
CALL DROP rate : T
QoS
= 0.96, T
opt
= 0.04, WF = 0.3
OUTGOING HO SUCCESS rate : T
QoS
= 0.85, T
opt
= 0.12, WF = 0.15
HO QUALITY rate : T
QoS
= 0.85, T
opt
= 0.1, WF = 0.25
COMMENT
REF NAME QSCQAR UNIT %
Call quality factor absolute
w This counter intends to compute for every cell of the network a global indicator taking into account the major causes of bad
Quality of Service.
w Each cause is weighted according to the impact on the end-user.
1.120
w For optimization
w try to improve cells with the worst CQFR
Call quality factor relative
INDICATOR
(G)
CELL QUALITY FACTOR RELATIVE
DEFINITION This indicator is the Cell Quality Factor Absolute weighted by the cell traffic. Investigationshould
be done in priority on cell having a high rate of failures with high traffic (the traffic is the rate of
traffic handled by the cell over the total network traffic traffic is TCH seizure attempts)
FORMULA B7.2 CQFA * ((MC15a + MC15b + MC703)
cell
/ (MC15a + MC15b + MC703)
network
)
THRESHOLD N/A
COMMENT
REF NAME QSCQRR UNIT %
w Normalizing the previous Cell Quality Factor Absolute by the traffic of the cell will allow to compare the QoS of the cell between
each other and raise the list of top worst cells candidate for analysis.
w In B7 MC703 is replacing MC16 of B6.
1.121
w management indicator, maintenance oriented, assessing
quantity of stability problems
reaction time to problems
Network TCH availability
INDICATOR
(G)
NETWORK (TCH) AVAILABILITY
DEFINITION Rate of TCH able to carry traffic (upon total number of traffic channels)
FORMULA B7.2 (
cell
(MC250) / #Available TCH)
THRESHOLD < 95%
COMMENT #Available TCH : according to channel configuration
REF NAME TCAVAR UNIT %
1.122
w GLOBAL INDICATORS
Exercise
Indicator Indicator Indicator Indicator value value value value OK ? OK ? OK ? OK ? Impact Impact Impact Impact
SDCCH congestion SDCCH congestion SDCCH congestion SDCCH congestion 10 % 10 % 10 % 10 % NOK NOK NOK NOK difficulties to difficulties to difficulties to difficulties to establish call establish call establish call establish call
Call drop Call drop Call drop Call drop 5 % 5 % 5 % 5 %
Call Call Call Call success success success success 95 % 95 % 95 % 95 %
Efficiency of Efficiency of Efficiency of Efficiency of outgoing HO outgoing HO outgoing HO outgoing HO 91 % 91 % 91 % 91 %
Network TCH Network TCH Network TCH Network TCH availability availability availability availability 94 % 94 % 94 % 94 %
TCH TCH TCH TCH assignment assignment assignment assignment failure failure failure failure 2,4 % 2,4 % 2,4 % 2,4 %
Call drop Call drop Call drop Call drop 2,3 % 2,3 % 2,3 % 2,3 %
SDCCH drop SDCCH drop SDCCH drop SDCCH drop 2 % 2 % 2 % 2 %
HO cause distribution HO cause distribution HO cause distribution HO cause distribution
(ratio of (ratio of (ratio of (ratio of better better better better cell) cell) cell) cell)
45 % 45 % 45 % 45 %
Call Call Call Call success success success success 88 % 88 % 88 % 88 %
SDCCH drop SDCCH drop SDCCH drop SDCCH drop 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 %
Time allowed :
10 minutes
1.123
2 GLOBAL INDICATORS
1.124
Objective
w be aware of traps and restrictions about some global indicators
w so as to be able to provide with reliable interpretation
1.125
Call set-up success rate / Call drop rate
w CALL SETUP SUCCESS
radio link establishment failure is not taken into account,
because :
most of failures during RLE are due to ghost RACH
MS is attempting MAX_RETRANS+1 time before giving up
difficult to assess subscriber's impact, anyhow very low
w CALL DROP
For BSS, the last stage is considered as established,
although it is not the cause from an user point of view
if a TCH drop occurs during this phase
for user, it is a setup failure
for OMC-R indicators, counted as a call drop
1.126
Call duration
IMPACT OF CALL DURATION
w the longest is a call, the highest is the risk to have a drop
w if statistics are done on abnormally long or short call, result can
be less accurate
w typical case : drive test
w typical call duration : 80/90 seconds in most of European
countries
1.127
Mobility
IMPACT OF MOBILITY
w most of drop problems are due to mobility
usually 2/3 of calls are static (no HO will be done)
For example, if 40 drops are observed for 1000 calls
40/1000 = 4% of global call drop
but most of call drops are generated by "moving calls"
- 40/(1000*1/3) = 40/333 = 12 % of call drop rate for moving call
- 0 % for static call
w typical trap when comparing drive tests results with OMC-R
statistics
1.128
Exercise
w TRAPS AND RESTRICTIONS OF GLOBAL INDICATORS :
Case Case Case Case conclusion conclusion conclusion conclusion OK ? OK ? OK ? OK ? why why why why
global call drop : 2% global call drop : 2% global call drop : 2% global call drop : 2% for 1 call of 20 for 1 call of 20 for 1 call of 20 for 1 call of 20 mns, mns, mns, mns,
risk of drop risk of drop risk of drop risk of drop is 2 % is 2 % is 2 % is 2 %
NOK NOK NOK NOK call call call call duration duration duration duration is more is more is more is more than than than than average average average average
In 1 BSS, In 1 BSS, In 1 BSS, In 1 BSS, some some some some transcoders are transcoders are transcoders are transcoders are
faulty : as faulty : as faulty : as faulty : as soon as TCH are soon as TCH are soon as TCH are soon as TCH are
established on established on established on established on these TC, these TC, these TC, these TC, they are they are they are they are
lost lost lost lost
The call The call The call The call setup setup setup setup success success success success
rate rate rate rate indicator indicator indicator indicator will will will will be be be be
increased due to increased due to increased due to increased due to this this this this
problem problem problem problem
In 1 network, drive tests are In 1 network, drive tests are In 1 network, drive tests are In 1 network, drive tests are showing showing showing showing
a a a a general call drop of 7 %. OMC-R general call drop of 7 %. OMC-R general call drop of 7 %. OMC-R general call drop of 7 %. OMC-R
call drop call drop call drop call drop indicator indicator indicator indicator is is is is giving 2,1 % giving 2,1 % giving 2,1 % giving 2,1 %
OMC-R OMC-R OMC-R OMC-R indicator indicator indicator indicator is is is is
erroneous (drive test erroneous (drive test erroneous (drive test erroneous (drive test
is the is the is the is the reality) reality) reality) reality)
In 1 network, global call In 1 network, global call In 1 network, global call In 1 network, global call setup setup setup setup
success success success success is 92 % is 92 % is 92 % is 92 %
For For For For moving call, call moving call, call moving call, call moving call, call
setup setup setup setup success success success success will will will will be be be be
about 76 % about 76 % about 76 % about 76 %
In a In a In a In a pedestrian zone, 80 % of call pedestrian zone, 80 % of call pedestrian zone, 80 % of call pedestrian zone, 80 % of call
are are are are static static static static
measured call drop measured call drop measured call drop measured call drop is 1,7 % is 1,7 % is 1,7 % is 1,7 %
For taxi, call For taxi, call For taxi, call For taxi, call done in done in done in done in
Taxi in Taxi in Taxi in Taxi in this zone this zone this zone this zone will will will will
be be be be dropped dropped dropped dropped at 5,1 % at 5,1 % at 5,1 % at 5,1 %
Time allowed :
10 minutes
1.129
2 GLOBAL INDICATORS
1.130
Exercise 1
-Is this network OK ?
N a m e N a m e N a m e N a m e v a l u e v a l u e v a l u e v a l u e
S D C C H c o n g e s t i o n S D C C H c o n g e s t i o n S D C C H c o n g e s t i o n S D C C H c o n g e s t i o n 1 %
S D C C H d r o p S D C C H d r o p S D C C H d r o p S D C C H d r o p 3 %
T C H T C H T C H T C H a s s i g n m e n t a s s i g n m e n t a s s i g n m e n t a s s i g n m e n t f a i l u r e f a i l u r e f a i l u r e f a i l u r e
r a t e r a t e r a t e r a t e
2 %
C a l l d r o p C a l l d r o p C a l l d r o p C a l l d r o p 1 %
C a l l C a l l C a l l C a l l s e t u p s e t u p s e t u p s e t u p s u c c e s s r a t e s u c c e s s r a t e s u c c e s s r a t e s u c c e s s r a t e 9 6 %
C a l l C a l l C a l l C a l l s u c c e s s r a t e s u c c e s s r a t e s u c c e s s r a t e s u c c e s s r a t e 9 4 %
E f f i c i e n c y o f E f f i c i e n c y o f E f f i c i e n c y o f E f f i c i e n c y o f o u t g o i n g o u t g o i n g o u t g o i n g o u t g o i n g
H O H O H O H O
9 2 %
E f f i c i e n c y o f E f f i c i e n c y o f E f f i c i e n c y o f E f f i c i e n c y o f i n c o m i n g i n c o m i n g i n c o m i n g i n c o m i n g
H O H O H O H O
9 3 %
H O c a u s e d i s t r i b u t i o n H O c a u s e d i s t r i b u t i o n H O c a u s e d i s t r i b u t i o n H O c a u s e d i s t r i b u t i o n
b e t t e r / l e v e l / q u a l i t y b e t t e r / l e v e l / q u a l i t y b e t t e r / l e v e l / q u a l i t y b e t t e r / l e v e l / q u a l i t y
7 0 / 2 0 / 1 0
N e t w o r k T C H N e t w o r k T C H N e t w o r k T C H N e t w o r k T C H
a v a i l a b i l i t y a v a i l a b i l i t y a v a i l a b i l i t y a v a i l a b i l i t y
9 8 %
Time allowed :
5 minutes
1.131
Exercise 2
w Can one say that :
- all indicators are OK ?
- the coverage is the network is 95% ?
- call success of all the cells are 95% (minimum) ?
N a m e N a m e N a m e N a m e v a l u e v a l u e v a l u e v a l u e
S D C C H c o n g e s t i o n S D C C H c o n g e s t i o n S D C C H c o n g e s t i o n S D C C H c o n g e s t i o n 5 %
S D C C H d r o p S D C C H d r o p S D C C H d r o p S D C C H d r o p 2 %
T C H a s s i g n m e n t f a i l u r e T C H a s s i g n m e n t f a i l u r e T C H a s s i g n m e n t f a i l u r e T C H a s s i g n m e n t f a i l u r e
r a t e r a t e r a t e r a t e
1 %
C a l l d r o p C a l l d r o p C a l l d r o p C a l l d r o p 1 %
C a l l s e t u p s u c c e s s r a t e C a l l s e t u p s u c c e s s r a t e C a l l s e t u p s u c c e s s r a t e C a l l s e t u p s u c c e s s r a t e 9 7 %
C a l l s u c c e s s r a t e C a l l s u c c e s s r a t e C a l l s u c c e s s r a t e C a l l s u c c e s s r a t e 9 5 %
E f f i c i e n c y o f o u t g o i n g E f f i c i e n c y o f o u t g o i n g E f f i c i e n c y o f o u t g o i n g E f f i c i e n c y o f o u t g o i n g
H O H O H O H O
9 2 %
E f f i c i e n c y o f i n c o m i n g E f f i c i e n c y o f i n c o m i n g E f f i c i e n c y o f i n c o m i n g E f f i c i e n c y o f i n c o m i n g
H O H O H O H O
9 2 %
H O c a u s e d i s t r i b u t i o n H O c a u s e d i s t r i b u t i o n H O c a u s e d i s t r i b u t i o n H O c a u s e d i s t r i b u t i o n
b e t t e r / l e v e l / q u a l i t y b e t t e r / l e v e l / q u a l i t y b e t t e r / l e v e l / q u a l i t y b e t t e r / l e v e l / q u a l i t y
7 5 / 1 5 / 1 0
N e t w o r k T C H N e t w o r k T C H N e t w o r k T C H N e t w o r k T C H
a v a i l a b i l i t y a v a i l a b i l i t y a v a i l a b i l i t y a v a i l a b i l i t y
9 8
Time allowed :
5 minutes
1.132
Exercise 3
w Results of field tests on a network
-Is the network better if
QSCDR = 2% ?
Name Name Name Name value value value value
SDCCH congestion SDCCH congestion SDCCH congestion SDCCH congestion
SDCCH drop SDCCH drop SDCCH drop SDCCH drop
TCH assignment failure TCH assignment failure TCH assignment failure TCH assignment failure
rate rate rate rate
Call drop Call drop Call drop Call drop 4,6 %
Call setup success rate Call setup success rate Call setup success rate Call setup success rate 92 %
Call success rate Call success rate Call success rate Call success rate
Efficiency of outgoing Efficiency of outgoing Efficiency of outgoing Efficiency of outgoing
HO HO HO HO
Efficiency of incoming Efficiency of incoming Efficiency of incoming Efficiency of incoming
HO HO HO HO
HO cause distribution HO cause distribution HO cause distribution HO cause distribution
better/level/quality better/level/quality better/level/quality better/level/quality
Network TCH Network TCH Network TCH Network TCH
availability availability availability availability
Time allowed :
5 minutes
1.133
3. DETAILED INDICATORS
1.134
3 Detailed indicators
w Objective: be able to use the BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY
OF SERVICE INDICATORS document in order to get some
more detailed indicators of the Alcatel BSS
w program:
3.1 Indicator reference name
3.2 Indicators classification
1.135
B7
1.136
Description
w each QOS indicator has a unique REFERENCE NAME of 10
characters
Unit Family
Procedure Type Joker
Prefix Sub-type
mandatory
optional
B7
1.137
1.138
Main categories
w Classification in BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE
INDICATORS document
Control Channels
SCCP
TCH
SDCCH
Traffic load
Call statistics
RTCH
SDCCH
Global QoS
Couple of cell
SDCCH /TCH
HO repartition
Intracell HO
Incoming HO
Outgoing HO
HO causes
Handover
statistics
Resource
availability
Multiband
Multilayer / Multiband
Network
Concentric cells
Directed retry
Densification
techniques
GSM
indicators
1.139
SDCCH traffic
w Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SDCCH traffic
Estab
SDCCH Traffic
Traffic
MT
Traffic
MO
Loc. Update
IMSI Detach
Sup. Service
Call
LUFollowon
SMS
Call
Re-Estab
Other
MS
Penetration Rate
Traffic
Dual Band
Resource
Occupancy
SDCCH
Erlang
SDCCH Mean
Holding Time
Global
Traffic
Global
Requests
Traffic
Model
Handover
Normal
Assignment
Normal
Assignment
Handover
w Traffic model section includes indicators for :
number SDCCH connection request and success (Immediate Assignment, HO)
distribution of SDCCH connection success (MO and MT connections versus all MO+MT connections, type of MO connections
versus all MO connection types)
w MS penetration rate section includes indicator for :
percentage of multiband MS SDCCH access (except LU) versus all MS SDCCH access
w Resource occupancy section includes indicators for :
SDCCH traffic in Erlang
average duration in seconds of SDCCH channel usage
1.140
TCH traffic
w Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic
RTCH Traffic
Resource
Occupancy
TCH
Erlang
Full Rate
Erlang
Full Rate
Allocated
Full Rate
Mean TCH
Time
Half Rate
Erlang
Half Rate
Allocated
Half Rate
Mean TCH
Time
Blocking Peak
Ratio of
HRTraffic
TCH
Multiband
Occupancy
Traffic Model
REQUESTS
Assign / HO / DR
SUCCESS
Assign / HO / DR
HOPERCALL
REQUESTS
FR, DR, DR/EFR, AMR, DATA
Speech Version
&
Channel Type
ALLOCATIONS
FR, HR, EFR, AMR, DATA
SUCCESS
AMR / TFO
w Speech Version and Channel Type section includes indicators for :
distribution of TCH allocation requests (FR/DR/DR+EFR/AMR/DATA)
distribution of TCH allocation success (FR/DR/DR+EFR/AMR/DATA)
rate TCH AMR allocation success
rate of TFO calls versus all speech calls
w Traffic model section includes indicators for :
number TCH connection request and success (Normal Assignment, HO, DR)
rate of TCH allocation success for HO+DR versus all TCH allocations (NA+HO+DR)
number of HO per call
w Resource occupancy section includes indicators for :
RTCH traffic in Erlang (FR+HR, FR, HR, multiband)
average duration in seconds of RTCH channel usage (FR+HR, FR, HR)
number of TCH FR allocations and number of TCH HR allocations
rate of TCH HR allocations versus all TCH allocations (FR+HR)
TCH peak of blocking (TCH congestion time)
1.141
SCCP resource occupancy / Control channels traffic
w Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SCCP resource occupancy
SCCP traffic in Erlang
w Traffic Load and Traffic Model > Control Channels traffic
PCH channel load
AGCH channel load
RACH channel load
1.142
QoS SDCCH
w GLOBAL Quality of service > SDCCH
SDCCH
Established
Phase
Drop Rate
Drop Radio Drop BSS Drop HO
Unsuccess
Congestion
Assignment Phase
/
Handover
Radio
Failure
BSS Failure
Access Reject
w Assignment phase section includes indicators for Radio Link Establishment procedure :
global SDCCH access failure rate
specific SDCCH access failure rate per type of problem (SDCCH congestion, radio, BSS)
w Handover procedure section includes indicator for preparation of SDCCH HO procedure :
rate of SDCCH HO failure due to SDCCH congestion
w Established phase section includes indicators for SDCCH Phase :
global SDCCH drop rate
specific SDCCH drop rate per type of problem (radio, HO, BSS)
1.143
QoS RTCH
w GLOBAL Quality of service > RTCH
Directed
Retry
RTCH
Unsuccess
Assignment Phase
/
Handover
Global Radio
Congestion Level
Congestion
Radio
Failure
BSS
Failure
Established
Phase
Drop rate
Drop Radio
Drop BSS
Drop HO
Preemption
Preemption
Phase
PCI =1 PVI =1
Requests
Allocation
with / without
Preemption
Failure
Success
Success
Queuing
Phase
Queue Length
Assign
Queuing Fail
Assign
Queued
& Reject
Queued
Success
Queue Full
Higher
Priority
Timeout
Assign
Queued
Normal
Assign.
B7
w Assignment phase section includes indicators for TCH Normal Assignment procedure :
global RTCH assignment failure rate (called unsuccess rate)
specific RTCH assignment failure rate per type of problem (RTCH congestion, radio, BSS)
global radio congestion level (number of cells congested in the network)
w Handover procedure section includes indicators for global HO procedure (intracell+intercell internal + intercell external) :
rate of RTCH incoming HO failure due to RTCH congestion
specific RTCH outgoing HO failure rate per type of problem (congestion, radio - Reversion Old Channel, radio drop, BSS)
1.144
QoS call statistics
w GLOBAL Quality of service > Call statistics
Call Statistics
Call Success
Call Setup
Success Rate
Call
Success Rate
Cell Quality
Factor Absolute
Cell Quality
Factor Relative
Call Drop
Call Drop Rate
Drop Radio Drop BSS Drop HO
Transcoder
Failure
BSS Internal Failure
Call Drop
End User Rate
Preemption
w Call Drop section includes indicators for TCH Phase :
global call drop rate
specific call drop rate per type of problem (radio, HO, BSS int., TransCoder, preemption)
w Call Success section includes indicators for global call procedure (speech) :
rate of call set-up success
rate of call success
global cell quality factor
1.145
w Handover STATISTICS > Handover causes
Handover causes
Handover causes
HO causes
All
HO
cause distribution
Outgoing HO Incoming HO
HO standard
cause distribution
HO cause category
distribution
HO causes per Adjacency
HO cause category
distribution
w Handover causes section includes indicators of HO causes distribution corresponding to outgoing handovers relating to a cell :
distribution of HO causes taking into account all possible HO causes(quality UL, level DL, distance, power budget, concentric
cell cause, micro cell cause, traffic, etc...)
distribution of HO standard causes taking into account only HO standard causes (quality UL, quality DL, level UL, level DL,
interference UL, interference DL, distance, power budget)
w Handover causes per adjacency section includes indicators of HO causes distribution corresponding to outgoing and incoming
handovers relating to a couple of serving/target cells :
distribution of HO cause categories taking into account 3 categories (emergency [quality, level, interference, distance, power
budget]), better condition [power budget, capture], traffic, forced directed retry)
1.146
w Handover STATISTICS > Outgoing handovers
Outgoing handovers
Failure With Reversion
Call Drop Rate
Efficiency
Preparation Success Rate
Intra-BSC
Call Drop Rate
Efficiency
External
Call Drop Rate
Efficiency
Success Rate
Intra-BSC & External
Outgoing HO
w Outgoing Intra BSC intercell section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of outgoing intercell internal handovers
relating to a cell (serving) :
efficiency ot the preparation phase (target TCH allocation) of the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its
neighbours belonging to the same BSS
efficiency ot the execution phase (old to new TCH channel change) of the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any
of its neighbours belonging to the same BSS
distribution of outgoing intra BSC intercell HO failures per type of problem (radio drop, radio - Reversion Old Channel, BSS)
Outgoing Inter BSC intercell section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of outgoing intercell external handovers
relating to a cell (serving) :
efficiency ot the preparation phase (target TCH allocation) of the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its
neighbours not belonging to the same BSS
of its neighbours not belonging to the same BSS
distribution of outgoing inter BSC intercell HO failures per type of problem (radio drop, radio - Reversion Old Channel, BSS)
w Outgoing Intra BSC + Inter BSC intercell section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of all outgoing intercell
handovers relating to a cell (serving) :
global efficiency ot the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its neighbours whether it belongs to the same
BSS or not
of its neighbours whether it belongs to the same BSS or not
outgoing intra BSC + inter BSC intercell HO drop rate per type of problem (radio drop, radio - Reversion Old Channel, BSS)
1.147
w Handover STATISTICS > Incoming handovers
Incoming handovers
Failure BSS
Failure Radio
Congestion
Efficiency
Intra-BSC
Failure BSS
Failure Radio
Failure No CIC
Congestion
Efficiency
External
Efficiency
Intra-BSC & External
Incoming HO
w Incoming Intra BSC intercell section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of incoming intercell internal handovers
relating to a cell (target) :
efficiency ot the execution phase (old to new TCH channel change) of the incoming handovers performed to one cell from any
of its neighbours belonging to the same BSS
distribution of incoming intra BSC intercell HO failures per type of problem (congestion, radio, BSS)
Incoming Inter BSC intercell section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of incoming intercell external handovers
relating to a cell (target) :
efficiency ot the preparation phase (target TCH allocation) of the incoming handovers performed to one cell from any of its
neighbours not belonging to the same BSS
distribution of incoming inter BSC intercell HO failures per type of problem (RTCH congestion, TTCH (CIC) congestion, radio,
BSS)
1.148
w Handover STATISTICS > Intracell handovers
Intra-cell handovers
CDR Radio CDR BSS
Failure BSS
Call Drop Rate
Congestion
Efficiency
Intracell HO
w Intracell section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of intracell handovers performed within a cell :
efficiency ot the execution phase (old to new TCH channel change) of the intracell handovers performed within a cell
distribution of intracell HO failures per type of problem (congestion, radio drop, radio - Reversion Old Channel, BSS)
1.149
w Handover STATISTICS > Handover statistics per couple of
cell
Handover statistics per couple of cells
HO Success Distribution
Success Rate
Efficiency
HO statistics
per Couple of Cell
w Indicators with counters type 180 section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of incoming internal+external
intercell SDCCH+TCH handovers performed between two cells (serving/target) :
global efficiency of the incoming intercell handovers performed between two cells (serving/target)
efficiency ot the preparation phase (old to new TCH channel change) of the incoming intercell handovers performed between
two cells (serving/target)
efficiency ot the execution phase (old to new TCH channel change) of the incoming intercell handovers performed between
two cells (serving/target)
distribution per couple of (serving/target) cells of the incoming intercell handovers performed to a cell from any of its
neighbours whether it belongs to the same BSS or not
1.150
1.151
4 Handover indicators
w Objective: be able to explain what are the main Handover
counters and indicators provided by the Alcatel BSS in order to
monitor the quality of handovers
w program:
4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell
4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell
4.3 External handover indicators per cell
4.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells
1.152
B7
1.153
Handover types
HO FAIL. CASES > HO Reminder
w Intra-Cell : Handover between two
TCH of the same cell
w Internal
between two cells of the same BSC
also called intra BSC
and not using forced external
handover mode
w External
between two cells of different BSC
also called inter BSC
or between two cells of the same
BSC when using forced external
handover mode
TCH/(SDCCH) Handover
w Synchronous
between 2 cells
sharing the same clocks
collocated
usually 2 sectors of the same BTS
tunable at OMC-R
w Asynchronous
not synchronous for any reason
no dedicated monitoring for
synchronous/asynchronous HO
w Incoming
as considering the target cell
w Outgoing
as considering the serving cell
1.154
Intracell HO - success
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO > successful case
MS BTS BSC MSC
MEAS REPORT
-----------------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT
--------------------------------------------------------------> MC870
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST (old channel)
<--------------------------------------------------------------
PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM (old channel)
-------------------------------------------------------------->
CHANNEL ACTIVATION (new channel)
<--------------------------------------------------------------
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK (new channel)
-------------------------------------------------------------->
ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel) MC871
<----------------------------- <-------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107
SABM
-----------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION (new channel)
UA -------------------------------------------------------------->
<-----------------------------
ASSIGNMENT CMP ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE(new channel)
-----------------------------> --------------------------------------------------------------> stop T3107
MC662
HANDOVER
PERFORMED
------------------->
RF CHANNEL RELEASE (old channel)
<--------------------------------------------------------------
RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK (old channel)
-------------------------------------------------------------->
w Both SDCCH and TCH are counted together.
w T3107 timer is also used as the guard timer of the channel change procedure during an intra cell handover. Default value for
T3107 is 14 seconds.
1.155
Intracell HO - failures
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failures
Handover Preparation :
congestion
BSS problem (no specific counter)
Handover Execution :
reversion to old channel
drop radio
1.156
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failure : congestion
MC561TCH+MC101SDCCH
Intracell HO - congestion
MS Serving BTS Serving BSC MSC
MEAS REPORT
--------------------------------------------------------------> MC870
No free TCH
MC561
B7
w In B7 MC561 is replacing MC61of B6.
w As the counting of the Abis-TCH congestion case is in restriction in B7 :
MC61(B6) = MC561(B7)
1.157
Intracell HO - radio failure ROC
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failure : reversion
old channel
Serving Serving
MS BTS BSC MSC
MC871
ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel)
<----------------------------- <----------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107 (= T10)
start T200
SABM (new channel)
-----------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION (new channel)
----------------------------------------------------------------->
UA (new channel)
X- - - - - --------------------
SABM (new channel)
----------------------------->
UA (new channel)
X- - - - - --------------------
SABM (old channel)
-----------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION (old channel)
UA (old channel) ----------------------------------------------------------------->
<-----------------------------
ASSIGNMENT FAIL ASSIGNMENT FAILURE
-----------------------------> -----------------------------------------------------------------> stop T3107
MC667
PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST (new channel)
<-----------------------------------------------------------------
PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM (new channel)
----------------------------------------------------------------->
RF CHANNEL RELEASE (new channel)
<-----------------------------------------------------------------
RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK (new channel)
----------------------------------------------------------------->
1.158
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failure : radio drop
MC663=C63TCH+C103SDCCH
Serving Serving
MS BTS BSC MSC
MC871
<----------------------------- <----------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107 (= T10)
MC663
Release of old and new channels T3107 expiry
Intracell HO - radio failure drop
1.159
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failure : BSS drop
w no specific counter
Serving Serving
MS BTS BSC MSC
MC871
<----------------------------- <----------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107 (= T10)
--------------------------------------- >
CLEAR REQUEST
O&M intervention
Intracell HO - BSS problem
w Intra cell HO failures due to BSS problem are deduced from other counters.
1.160
HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO counters
Intracell HO - counters
Request MC870
Congestion MC561+MC101
BSS Pb MC870-MC871-(MC561+MC101)
Attempt MC871
Reversion old channel MC667
Drop radio MC663
BSS Pb MC871-MC662-MC667-MC663
Success MC662
Preparation
Execution
INTRACELL Handover
B7
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
REVERSION OLD CHANNEL
DROP RADIO
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
1.161
B7
1.162
HO FAIL. CASES > internal HO > success case
Internal HO - success
The same inter-cell
handover procedure leads
to an incrementation of
two sets of counters :
incoming HO counters for
the target cell : MC830,
MC831, MC652,...
outgoing HO counters for
the serving cell : MC655A,
MC660, MC656,...
In HO_PERFORMED
MESSAGE
w Target cell (CI,LAC)
w "cause" of HO
MS serving cell target cell BSC MSC
MEAS REP
-----------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT
------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC830, MC655A
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
<----------------------------------
CHAN ACTIV ACK
---------------------------------->
HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
MC831, MC660
start T3124
HANDOVER ACCESS
------------------------------------------------------------->
-------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION
PHYSICAL INFORMATION ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105
stop T3124
start T200
------------------------ SABM ---------------------------> stop T3105
<-------------------------- UA ----------------------------- ESTABLISH INDICATION
stop T200 ---------------------------------->
HANDOVER COMPLETE HO CMP stop T3103
-------------------------------------------------------------> ----------------------------------> HO PERFORMED
------------------------>
Release of old TCH MC652, MC656
1.163
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal HO failures :
Handover procedure from target cell point of view
congestion : no RTCH available in target cell
does not concern outgoing side (serving cell point of view)
radio problem : MS fails to access the new channel
reversion/drop discrimination concerns only serving cell
Incoming internal HO - failures
1.164
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal HO fail : congestion
MC551TCH+MC91SDCCH
Incoming internal HO - congestion
MS Serving Cell Serving BSC MSC
MEAS REPORT
--------------------------------------------------------------> MC830
No free TCH
MC551
MC91
If no free SDCCH
B7
w In B7 MC551 is replacing MC51of B6.
MC51(B6) = MC551(B7)
1.165
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal HO fail : MS access
problem
Incoming internal HO - radio failure
MEAS REP
------------------------------------------------------------------------>
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
<----------------------------------
CHANNEL ACTIV ACK
---------------------------------->
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
MC660
SABM
-----------x T3103 expiry
MC653
MS Serving cell Target Cell BSC
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
HANDOVER ACCESS MC660
------------------------------------------------------------->
-------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION
<------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105
SABM
-------------------------------------------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- stop T3105
HANDOVER COMPLETE
----------------------------------------------------- - - - -X
SABM
-----------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION
UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------>
<-----------------------
HO FAILURE HANDOVER FAILURE
-----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC653
Release of new channel
w All incoming internal HO failures due to radio problem are counted in the same counter MC653.
w Both radio failures with Reversion Old Channel and radio drop are counted together.
1.166
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal HO counters
Incoming internal HO - counters
Request MC830
Attempt MC831
Radio (MS access problem) MC653
BSS Pb MC831-MC652-MC653
Success MC652
Execution
Preparation
INCOMING INTERNAL Handover
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
MS ACCESS PB
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
B7
1.167
Incoming internal HO - indicators
SUCCESS
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal HO indicators
Handover Statistics INDICATORS > Incoming handover > Incoming Intra BSC
HOIBEFR : efficiency of incoming internal HO execution
HOIBCGR : rate of incoming internal HO failure due to congestion
HOIBPFR : rate of incoming internal HO failure due to BSS during preparation phase
HOIBFLRR: rate of incoming internal HO failure due to radio
HOIBFLBR: rate of incoming internal HO failure due to BSS during execution phase
1.168
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal HO failures
Handover procedure from serving cell point of view
congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell)
radio problem : MS reverts to the old channel
radio problem : MS drops
Outgoing internal HO - failures
1.169
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal HO fail : reversion
old channel
Outgoing internal HO - radio failure ROC
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
HANDOVER ACCESS MC660
------------------------------------------------------------->
-------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION
<------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105
SABM
UA ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- stop T3105
HANDOVER COMPLETE
----------------------------------------------------- - - - -X
SABM
UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------>
<-----------------------
-----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC657
1.170
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal HO fail : drop
w clear_request : ask to MSC to release the connection
w In case of call drop due to HO, the cause is "radio interface
message failure" (for Alcatel)
MEAS REP
------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC655A
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
<----------------------------------
CHAN ACTIV ACK
---------------------------------->
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
MC660
SABM
----------x
T3103 expiry
MC658
Clear_request
------------------------>
Clear_command
Release of old and new TCH <------------------------
Outgoing internal HO - radio failure drop
1.171
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal HO counters
Outgoing internal HO - counters
Preparation Request MC655A
Any preparation failure MC655A-MC660
Attempt MC660
Drop radio MC658
Success MC656
Execution
OUTGOING INTERNAL Handover
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
DROP RADIO
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
1.172
Outgoing internal HO - indicators
SUCCESS
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal HO indicators
Handover Statistics INDICATORS > Outgoing handover > Outgoing Intra BSC
HOOBRQR : efficiency of outgoing internal HO preparation
HOOBEFR: efficiency of outgoing internal HO execution
HOOBOCR: rate of outgoing internal HO failure due to radio with Reversion Old Channel
HOOBCDRR: rate of outgoing internal HO failure due to radio with drop
HOOBCDR: rate of incoming internal HO failure with drop (radio + BSS)
1.173
With K1205, find in PAIB29.REC file :
1) One case of intra-cell failure with reversion
2) One case of Internal handover success
identify target cell
identify serving cell (in CR for call establishment)
3) One case of Internal handover failure with
reversion
4) One case of Internal handover failure without
reversion
Intra-cell HO / Internal HO - exercise
Time allowed :
15 minutes
1.174
B7
1.175
External HO - success
HO FAIL. CASES > External HO > successful case
MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS
- MEAS_REPORT ->
------- MEAS_RESULT -------->
MC645A ------ HO_REQUIRED ---------->
----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -----> MC820
<--------- CC ------------------------ ---- CHANNEL_ACTIVATION ------>
<- CHANNEL_ACT_ACK-------------
<----- HO_REQUEST_ACK -------- Start T9113
(HO_COMMAND) MC821
<------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------------ <---- HO_ACCESS -----
MC650 Start T8 <---- HO_ACCESS -----
<------ HO_DETECTION--------------
<-- HO_DETECTION -------------- --- PHYSICAL_INFO -->
<--- SABM ---------------
<----- ESTABLISH_INDICATION ---- ----- UA -------------->
<----------- HO_COMPLETE ----------------------------------------
<--- HO_COMPLETE --------------- Stop T9113
<---- CLEAR_COMMAND ------ MC642
MC646 Cause : HO_SUCCESSFUL
Release of TCH Stop T8
B7
w In B7 MC645A is replacing MC645 of B6.
w MC645a is only counting HANDOVER REQUIRED messages that are linked to a handover trial and not those that are linked
to the update of the candidate cell list for handover / directed retry. This is leading to a more accurate computation of the
External outgoing HO success rate.
1.176
External HO - failures
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming external HO failures
Handover procedure from target cell point of view
congestion : no RTCH available in target cell OR no TTCH available on
A interface
1.177
Incoming external HO - RTCH congestion
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming external HO fail : Air/Abis cong.
MC541ATCH+MC81SDCCH
- MEAS_REPORT ->
------- MEAS_RESULT -------->
MC645A ------ HO_REQUIRED ------->
----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -----> MC820
<----- HO_FAILURE --------------- MC541A
( <-HO_REQUIRED_REJECT-) Cause: no radio resource available
B7
w In B7 MC541A is replacing MC41A of B6.
MC41A(B6) = MC541A(B7)
1.178
Incoming external HO - TTCH congestion
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming external HO fail : A int. cong.
MC41B
- MEAS_REPORT ->
------- MEAS_RESULT -------->
MC645A ------ HO_REQUIRED ------->
----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -----> MC820
<----- HO_FAILURE --------------- MC41B
Cause: terrestrial circuit already allocated
Requested terrestrial resource unaivalable
BSS not equiopoed
( <-HO_REQUIRED_REJECT-)
1.179
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming external HO fail : MS access
problem
Incoming external HO - radio failure
- MEAS_REPORT ->
------- MEAS_RESULT -------->
MC645A ---- HO_REQUIRED ------->
----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -------------------> MC820
<-------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT ---------->
<--- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
Start T9113
<----- HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------- Start T9113
<-------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------ HO-COMMAND) included MC821
Start T8 X --- HO_ACCESS -----
X ---- HO_ACCESS -----
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X
T9113 expiry
MC643
Release of connection
- MEAS_REPORT ->
------- MEAS_RESULT -------->
----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -------------------> MC820
<-------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT ---------->
<--- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
(HO-COMMAND) included MC821
<-------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------
X ---- HO_ACCESS -----
----- SABM -------->
<--- UA ------------- -- ESTABLISH_INDICATION->
----- HO_FAILURE (reversion to old channel) ------------------------------------------>
----- CLEAR_COMMAND ----------------------> MC643
Radio interface fail : Reversion to old channel
w All incoming external HO failures due to radio problem are counted in the same counter MC643.
w Both radio failures with Reversion Old Channel and radio drop are counted together.
1.180
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming external HO counters
Incoming external HO - counters
Request MC820
Attempt MC821
Radio (MS access problem) MC643
BSS Pb MC821-MC642-MC643
Success MC642
Execution
Preparation
INCOMING EXTERNAL Handover
B7
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
MS ACCESS PB
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
1.181
Incoming external HO - indicators
ATTEMPT
BSS PB
SUCCESS
HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming external HO indicators
Handover Statistics INDICATORS > Incoming handover > Incoming Inter BSC
HOIMEFR: efficiency of incoming external HO execution
HOIMCGR : rate of incoming external HO failure due to radio congestion (Air or Abis TCH)
HOIMAMR : rate of incoming external HO failure due to CIC congestion (A TCH)
HOIMPFR : rate of incoming external HO failure due to BSS during preparation phase
HOIMFLRR : rate of incoming external HO failure due to radio
HOIMFLBR : rate of incoming external HO failure due to BSS during execution phase
1.182
Outgoing external HO - failures
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external HO failures
Handover procedure from serving cell point of view
1.183
Outgoing external HO - radio failure ROC
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external HO fail : reversion
old channel
- MEAS_REPORT ->
------- MEAS_RESULT -------->
----------CR (HO_REQUEST) ------------------->
<-------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT ---------->
<--- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
(HO-COMMAND) included
<-------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------
MC650 X ---- HO_ACCESS -----
----- SABM -------->
MC647 ----- CLEAR_COMMAND ---------------------->
1.184
Outgoing external HO - radio failure drop
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external HO fail : drop
- MEAS_REPORT ->
------- MEAS_RESULT -------->
----------CR (HO_REQUEST) ------------------->
<-------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT ---------->
<--- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
<-------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------
MC650 X ---- HO_ACCESS -----
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X
T8 expiry ----- CLEAR_REQUEST ->
MC648 Radio interface message fail
1.185
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external HO counters
Outgoing external HO - counters
Preparation Request MC645A
Any preparation failure MC645A-MC650
Attempt MC650
Drop radio MC648
Success MC646
Execution
OUTGOING EXTERNAL Handover
B7
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
DROP RADIO
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
1.186
Outgoing external HO - indicators
ATTEMPT
SUCCESS
HO FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external HO indicators
Handover Statistics INDICATORS > Outgoing handover > Outgoing Inter BSC
HOOMRQR : efficiency of outgoing external HO preparation
HOOMEFR : efficiency of outgoing external HO execution
HOOMOCR : rate of outgoing external HO failure due to radio with Reversion Old Channel
HOOMCDRR : rate of outgoing external HO failure due to radio with drop
HOOMCDR : rate of incoming external HO failure with drop (radio + BSS)
1.187
In PAIB29.REC, extract (if available) :
-1 incoming external HO success
-1 outgoing external HO success
-1 incoming external HO failure
-1 outgoing external HO failure
External HO - exercise
Time allowed :
15 minutes
1.188
B7
1.189
Type 180 counters
w Some handover indicators available per couple of
(serving,target) cells :
permanently for all adjacencies through PM type 180
counters
3 counters for each (Serving,Target)
adjacency :
C400(S,T) : Incoming handovers requested to cell
T from cell S
C401(S,T) : Incoming handovers attempted to
cell T from cell S
C402(S,T) : Incoming handovers successfully
performed to cell T from cell S
both internal and external inter cell
handovers
both SDCCH and TCH handovers
are counted
a
e
d
c
b
f
C40i(f,d)
C40i(a,b)
C40i(c,b)
C40i(c,d)
B7
w According to the definition of C40i counters :
C400(Sn,T) = MC820(T) + MC830(T)
C401(Sn,T) = MC821(T) +MC831(T)
C402(Sn,T) = MC642(T) + MC652(T)
where
+ Sn are the serving cells considering the incoming adjacencies to cell
+ MC820(T), MC821(T), MC642(T) are the counters relating to the incoming external handovers
requested, attempted and successfully performed to cell T
+ MC830(T), MC831(T), MC646(T) are the counters relating to the incoming internal handovers
requested, attempted and successfully performed to cell T
n
n
n
1.190
Type 180 indicators
Following indicators can be computed from PM Type 180 counters
in order to
w detect the most important neighbours as per their traffic
Distribution of incoming handovers performed to cell T from serving cells
Sn
= C402(Sx,T) / C402(Sn,T)
w ease the diagnosis of bad handover performance of a cell
Global efficiency of incoming handovers to cell T from cell S
HOOASUR = C402(S,T) / C400(S,T)
Efficiency of incoming handover preparation to cell T from cell S
HOOACAR = C401(S,T) / C400(S,T)
Efficiency of incoming handover execution to cell T from cell S
HOOAEFR = C402(S,T) / C401(S,T)
n
B7
Handover Statistics > HO Statistics per couple of cells > Indicators with counter type 180
These indicators can also being used to check if a recently handover relationship is generating handover as
expected.
They will also allow to identify the handover relationships which should be deleted since no (or very few)
handover is observed.
1.191
counters for each (Serving,Target x)
adjacency :
C720(S,Tx) : Outgoing handovers attempted
from cell S to cell Tx
C721(S,Tx) : Outgoing handovers successfully
performed from cell S to cell Tx
C722(S,Tx) : Outgoing handovers failed from
cell S to cell Tx with Reversion Old Channel
C723(S,Tx) : Outgoing handovers failed from
cell S to cell Tx with drop
Type 26 counters
on demand for all outgoing adjacencies of a serving cell
through PM type 26
Target a
Te
Serving
Tc
Tb
Tf
C72i(S,Te)
C72i(S,Tc)
B7
Other counters are provided :
C724(S,Tx) : Outgoing handovers attempted from S to Tx for emergency cause
C725(S,Tx) : Outgoing handovers attempted from S to Tx for better cell cause
C727(S,Tx) : Outgoing handovers attempted from S to Tx for traffic cause
C728(S,Tx) : Outgoing handovers attempted from S to Tx for forced directed retry cause
Type 26 set of counters can be retrieved for only one cell per BSS at a time.
1.192
Type 26 indicators
Following indicators can be computed from PM Type 26 counters in
order to
w ease the diagnosis of bad outgoing handover performance of a
cell
Efficiency of outgoing handover execution from cell S to cell Tx
HOOXSUR = C721(S,Tx) / C720(S,Tx)
Rate of outgoing ho execution failure due to radio from S to Tx with drop
HOOXCDRR = C723(S,Tx) / C720(S,Tx)
Rate of outgoing ho execution failure due to radio from S to Tx with
Reversion Old Channel
HOOXOCR = C722(S,Tx) / C720(S,Tx)
Rate of outgoing ho execution failure due to BSS problem from S to Tx
HOOXCDBR = [C720(S,Tx)-C721(S,Tx)-C722(S,Tx)-C723(S,Tx)] / C720(S,Tx)
B7
1.193
counters for each (Serving,Target x)
adjacency :
C730(Sx,T) : Incoming handovers
attempted to cell T from cell Sx
C731(Sx,T) : Incoming handovers
successfully performed to cell T from
cell Sx
C733(S,Tx) : Incoming handovers failed
due to MS radio access problem to
cell T from cell Sx
Type 27 counters
on demand for all incoming adjacencies of a target cell
through PM type 27
B7
Serving a
Se
Target
Sc
Sb
Sf
C73i(Se,T)
C73i(Sc,T)
Other counters are provided :
C734(Sx,T) : Incoming handovers attempted from Sx to T for emergency cause
C735(Sx,T) : Incoming handovers attempted from Sx to T for better cell cause
C737(Sx,T) : Incoming handovers attempted from Sx to T for traffic cause
C738(Sx,T) : Incoming handovers attempted from Sx to T for forced directed retry cause
Type 27 set of counters can be retrieved for only one cell per BSS at a time.
1.194
Type 27 indicators
Following indicators can be computed from PM Type 27 counters in
order to
w ease the diagnosis of bad incoming handover performance of a
cell
Efficiency of incoming handover execution to cell T from cell Sx
HOIXSUR = C731(Sx,T) / C730(Sx,T)
Rate of incoming ho execution failure due to MS radio access problem to
cell T from cell Sx
HOIXCDRR = C733(Sx,T) / C730(Sx,T)
Rate of incoming ho execution failure due to BSS problem to cell T from
cell Sx
HOIXCDBR= [C730(Sx,T)-C731(Sx,T)-C733(Sx,T)] / C730(Sx,T)
B7
1.195
B7
1.196
5 Directed retry indicators
w Objective: be able to describe the counters and indicators used
for monitoring the efficiency of the directed retry feature
w program:
5.1 Internal directed retry indicators
5.2 External directed retry indicators
B7
1.197
B7
1.198
Queuing on TCH assignment
When there is no TCH available in a cell for TCH normal
assignment :
w Queuing : TCH request is put in a queue, awaiting a TCH to
be released in this cell
w with default BSS tuning : the call establishment fails if not TCH
has been freed after T11 seconds
but optional mechanism can be activated
B7
w Queuing of TCH request is also performed for incoming external TCH handovers but not for incoming internal TCH handovers.
1.199
Directed retry definition
w Directed Retry (DR) : When a TCH request is in queue, the BSC
tries to established the TCH connection on a neighbour cell if :
normal handover condition is met (Normal DR)
specific directed retry conditions are met (Forced DR) :
MS receives a sufficient signal level from a neighbour cell
number of free TCHs in this neighbour cell is sufficient
B7
1.200
Directed retry types
DR FAIL. CASES > DR Reminder
DR as an SDCCH to TCH handover can be
w Internal
between two cells of the same BSC
also called intra BSC
w External
between two cells of different BSC
also called inter BSC
w Incoming
as considering the the target cell
w Outgoing
as considering the the serving cell
w Synchronous
between 2 cells
sharing the same clocks
collocated
usually 2 sectors of the same
BTS
tunable at OMC-R
w Asynchronous
not synchronous for any
reason
no dedicated monitoring for
synchronous/asynchronous
HO
B7
1.201
DR FAIL. CASES > internal DR > success case
Internal DR - success
The same internal DR procedure
leads to an incrementation of
two sets of counters :
incoming DR counters for the
target cell : MC153, MC151,...
outgoing DR counters for the
serving cell : MC144E,
MC142E,
MCx counters belongs to
Standard Type 110 reported
permanently
Cx counters belongs to Detailed
Type 29 reported on demand
< -----------------------
ASSIGNMENT
REQUEST
No free TCH
TCH request queued
Queuing allowed
Start T11 ----------------------- >
QUEUING_INDIC.
MC13A
IDR condition met MC153, MC144e,
CHANNEL ACTIV. (TCH)
<---------------------------------- MC15A
CHAN ACTIV ACK
---------------------------------->
<----------------------
(SDCCH)
<------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
C154, MC607
start T3124 C145A+C145C
HANDOVER ACCESS
------------------------(TCH)---------------------------->
-------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION
<------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105
stop T3124
start T200
------------------------ SABM --------------------------> stop T3105
<-------------------------- UA ----------------------------- ESTABLISH INDICATION
stop T200 ---------------------------------->
HANDOVER COMPLETE HO CMP stop T3103
-------------------------------------------------------------> ----------------------------------> ASSIGNMENT
COMPLETE
------------------------>
Release of old SDCCH MC151,MC717A,
MC142e
B7
w Following DR counters are provided in Type 110
w for the target cell :
w MC13A : TCH requests for Normal Assignment that are put into the queue
w MC153 : incoming internal DR requests
w MC15A : TCH allocations for inte incoming internal DR
w MC151 : incoming internal DR successes per cell
w MC717A : incoming internal DR successes per TRX
w for the serving cell :
w MC144E : outgoing internal DR requests
w MC142E : outgoing internal DR successes
w MC607 : outgoing internal+external DR attempts
w for the target cell :
w C153 : incoming internal DR requests
w C154 : incoming internal DR attempts
w C151 : incoming internal DR successes
w for the serving cell :
w C144A : forced outgoing internal DR requests
w C144C : normal outgoing internal DR requests
w C145A : forced outgoing internal DR attempts
w C145C : normal outgoing internal DR attempts
w C142A : forced outgoing internal DR successes
w C142C : normal outgoing internal DR successes
1.202
DR FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal DR failures :
Directed Retry procedure from target cell point of view
DR Preparation :
congestion : no RTCH available in target cell
DR Execution :
Incoming internal DR - failures
B7
1.203
DR FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal DR fail : congestion
MC555=C155
Incoming internal DR - congestion
B7
< ----------------------------------------------------
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
No free TCH
In serving cell
Queuing allowed
Start T11 --------------------------------------------------- >
QUEUING_INDIC.
MC13A
IDR condition met MC153, MC144e,MC607
No free TCH
In target cell
MC555
w C155 is available in Type 29.
1.204
DR FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal DR fail : MS access
problem
Incoming internal DR - radio failure
MEAS REP
------------------------------------------------------------------------>
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
<----------------------------------
CHANNEL ACTIV ACK
---------------------------------->
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
C154
SABM
-----------x T3103 expiry
C152
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
HANDOVER ACCESS C154
------------------------------------------------------------->
-------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION
<------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105
SABM
UA ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- stop T3105
HANDOVER COMPLETE
----------------------------------------------------- - - - -X
SABM
UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------>
<-----------------------
-----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> C152
B7
w All incoming internal DR failures due to radio problem are counted in the same counter C152.
w Both radio failures with Reversion Old SDCCH Channel and radio drop are counted together.
1.205
DR FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal DR counters
Incoming internal DR - counters
Request MC153, C153
Congestion MC555, C155
BSS Pb C153-C154-C155
Attempt C154
Radio (MS access problem) C152
BSS Pb C154-C151-C152
Success MC151, C151
Execution
Preparation
INCOMING INTERNAL Directed Retry
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
MS ACCESS PB
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
B7
w All MCxxx counters are available in Type 110.
w All Cxxx counters are available in Type 29.
Specific indicators for densification techniques > Directed Retry > Incoming DR
DRIBCAR: efficiency of incoming internal DR preparation = MC15A/MC153
DRIBCNR : rate of incoming internal DR failure due to congestion = MC155/MC153
DRIBEFR : efficiency of incoming internal DR execution = MC717A/MC153
Other indicators can be computed
from Type 110 counters :
DRIBSUR : global efficiency of incoming internal DR
= MC717A/MC153 = MC151/MC153
rate of incoming internal DR preparation failure due to BSS
= (C153-C154-C155)/C153
rate of incoming internal DR execution failure due to BSS
= (C154-C151-C152)/C154
rate of incoming internal DR execution failure due to radio access problem
= C152/C154
1.207
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal DR failures
Directed Retry procedure from serving cell point of view
DR Preparation :
DR Execution :
Outgoing internal DR - failures
B7
1.208
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal DR fail : reversion
old channel
C144A, C143A :
Forced DR
C144C,C143E :
Normal DR
Outgoing internal DR - radio failure ROC
<-------SDCCH----- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
HANDOVER ACCESS MC144E
----------------------TCH--------------------------------> C144A or C144C
-------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION
<------------------------------------------------------------- start T3105
SABM
UA ---------------------------------->
<------------------------------------------------------------- stop T3105
HANDOVER COMPLETE
----------------------------------------------------- - - - -X
SABM
UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------>
<-----------------------
-----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> C143A or C143E
B7
1.209
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal DR fail : drop
<----------------------- <------------------------------------------------------------------------ start T3103
MC144E
SABM C144A or C144C
----------x
T3103 expiry
C143B or C143F
------------------------>
ASSIGNMENT
FAILURE
Radio interface
message failure
Release of SDCCH and TCH
Outgoing internal DR - radio failure drop
C144A,C143B :
Forced DR
C144C,C143F :
Normal DR
B7
1.210
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing internal DR counters
Outgoing internal DR - counters
Preparation Request MC144E, C144A+C144C
Any preparation failure (C144A+C144C) - (C145A+C145C)
Attempt C145A+C145C
Reversion old channel C143A+C143E
Drop radio C143B+C143F
BSS Pb (C145A+C145C) - (C143A+C143E+C143B+C143F)
Success MC142E, C142A+C142C
Execution
OUTGOING INTERNAL Directed Retry
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
DROP RADIO
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
B7
Specific indicators for densification techniques > Directed Retry > Outgoing DR
DROBSUR : global efficiency of outgoing internal DR = MC142E/MC144E
efficiency of outgoing internal DR preparation
= (C145A+C145C)/(C144A+C144C)
efficiency of outgoing internal DR execution
= (C142A+C142C)/(C145A+C145C)
rate of outgoing internal DR execution failure due to BSS
= [(C145A+C145C) - (C143A+C143E+C143B+C143F)] / (C145A+C145C)
rate of outgoing internal DR execution failure due to radio with reversion old channel
= (C143A+C143E) / (C145A+C145C)
rate of outgoing internal DR execution failure due to radio with drop
= (C143B+C143F) / (C145A+C145C)
1.212
B7
1.213
External DR - success
DR FAIL. CASES > External DR > successful case
TCH request queued
<------ASSIGNT REQUEST-------
EDR condition met ------ HO_REQUIRED ---------->
MC144F ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -----> MC820
<--------- CC ------------------------ ---- CHANNEL_ACTIVATION ------>
<- CHANNEL_ACT_ACK-------------
<----- HO_REQUEST_ACK -------- Start T9113
(HO_COMMAND) MC821
<------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------------ <---- HO_ACCESS -----
C145B+C145D Start T8 <---- HO_ACCESS -----
<------ HO_DETECTION--------------
<-- HO_DETECTION -------------- --- PHYSICAL_INFO -->
<--- SABM ---------------
<----- ESTABLISH_INDICATION ---- ----- UA -------------->
<----------- HO_COMPLETE ----------------------------------------
<--- HO_COMPLETE --------------- Stop T9113
<---- CLEAR_COMMAND ------ MC642
MC142F Cause : HO_SUCCESSFUL
Release of SDCCH Stop T8
The same external DR procedure leads to an incrementation of two sets of counters
:
incoming external HO counters for the target cell : MC820, MC821,
outgoing external DR counters for the serving cell : MC144F, MC142F,
B7
for the serving cell :
MC144F : outgoing external DR requests
MC142F : outgoing external DR successes
for the serving cell :
C144B : forced outgoing external DR requests
C144D : normal outgoing external DR requests
C145B : forced outgoing external DR attempts
C145D : normal outgoing external DR attempts
C142B : forced outgoing external DR successes
C142D : normal outgoing external DR successes
w No counter is provided for the target cell for external DR since incoming DR can not always be discriminated from incoming
external HO. Therefore incoming external DR are counted together with incoming external HO in the related counters.
1.214
Outgoing external DR - failures
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external DR failures
Directed Retry procedure from serving cell point of view
DR Preparation :
DR Execution :
B7
1.215
Outgoing external DR - radio failure ROC
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external DR fail : reversion
old channel
ASSIGNT REQUEST
---------------------> TCH request queued
EDR condition met ---- HO_REQUIRED ------->
MC144F ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) ------------------->
<-------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT ---------->
<--- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
<-------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------
C145B+C145D X ---- HO_ACCESS -----
----- SABM -------->
C143C+C143G ----- CLEAR_COMMAND ---------------------->
C145B,C143C : Forced DR
C145D,C143G : Normal DR
B7
1.216
Outgoing external DR - radio failure drop
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external DR fail : drop
ASSIGNT REQUEST
---------------------> TCH request queued
EDR condition met ---- HO_REQUIRED ------->
MC144F ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) ------------------->
<-------- CC --------------------------------------- - CHANNEL_ACT ---------->
<--- CHA_ACT_ACK --------
<-------------------------- HO_COMMAND ------------------------------------------------
C145B+C145D X ---- HO_ACCESS -----
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X
----- SABM --- X
T8 expiry ----- CLEAR_REQUEST ->
C143D+C143H Radio interface message fail
B7
1.217
DR FAIL. CASES > Outgoing external DR counters
Outgoing external DR - counters
Preparation Request MC144F, C144B+C144D
Any preparation failure (C144B+C144D) - (C145B+C145D)
Attempt C145B+C145D
Reversion old channel C143C+C143G
Drop radio C143D+C143H
BSS Pb (C145+C145D) - (C143C+C143G+C143D+C143H)
Success MC142F, C142B+C142D
Execution
OUTGOING EXTERNAL Directed Retry
REQUEST
CONGESTION
ATTEMPT
DROP RADIO
BSS PB
SUCCESS
BSS PB
Preparation Failure
Execution Failure
B7
Specific indicators for densification techniques > Directed Retry > Outgoing DR
DROMSUR : global efficiency of outgoing external DR = MC142F/MC144F
efficiency of outgoing internal DR preparation
= (C145B+C145D)/(C144B+C144D)
efficiency of outgoing internal DR execution
= (C142B+C142D)/(C145B+C145D)
rate of outgoing internal DR execution failure due to BSS
= [(C145B+C145D) - (C143C+C143G+C143D+C143H)] / (C145B+C145D)
rate of outgoing internal DR execution failure due to radio with reversion old channel
= (C143C+C143G) / (C145B+C145D)
rate of outgoing internal DR execution failure due to radio with drop
= (C143D+C143H) / (C145B+C145D)
Interesting indicator :
TCQUSUDSR : rate of outgoing internal and external directed retry (forced + normal)
successfully performed over all RTCH requests queued during normal assignment.
1.219
6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS
INDICATORS
B7
1.220
6 Radio Measurement Statistics indicators
w Objective: Be able to describe RMS indicators used for radio
quality assessment of a TRX or cell and to use them in the
detection of some typical radio problems
w program:
6.1 Radio Measurement Statistics objectives
6.2 RMS implementation in the BSS
6.3 RMS data
6.4 Call quality statistics per TRX
6.5 Radio quality statistics per TRX
6.6 C/I statistics
6.7 RMS indicators usage
6.8 Additional information
B7
1.221
INDICATORS
6.1 Radio Measurement Statistics
objectives
B7
1.222
RMS objectives
RMS objectives
w Assess the quality of cell coverage
w Assess the radio link quality of a TRX / a cell
w Assess Carrier/Interference ratio of a TRX / a cell
w Estimate of the voice quality of a TRX / a cell
in order to :
optimize the neighbourhood & frequency planning
improve the network coverage
detect faulty hardware components responsible for bad
QoS
help logical parameters fine tuning
B7
w RMS provides statistics on Voice Quality. VQ data are now needed since Call Drop rate is not sufficient to have a clear picture
of QoS in a network using Slow Frequency Hopping as a densification technique.
w RMS is a "plus" providing additional information to help radio engineer in their Fault detection and Network optimization tasks.
1.223
RMS objectives
RMS objectives
w Provide Radio Measurement Statistics
on all the network elements (all TRXs/cells)
permanently (RMS results available every day)
in order to
Reduce cost of Radio Network Optimization
B7
w Today's solution of Radio Measurements are limited and very expensive :
w drive tests : provide a mobile user perception of the network but can not be done on the whole network and on a every day
basis since :
they are costly (tool+car+manpower)
they need to be post-processed
they are limited to part of the network
they are available on the DownLink path only
w Abis interface traces : provide a complete Uplink and Downlink radio quality assessment of a cell but can not be done on the
whole network and on a every day basis since :
they are costly (protocal analyzer+manpower)
they need to be post-processed
they are limited to a few cells at a time per analyzer
1.224
INDICATORS
B7
1.225
RMS management
w RMS results are reported permanently (once a day) by the BSS
as new PM counters to the OMC-R
w RMS job is defined and activated on a per BSS basis
w RMS job parameters are managed through RMS templates
w RMS templates provide means to tune RMS parameters
according to Cell Planning (cell profile, cell class)
B7
w Cell profile can be : micro, indoor, multiband, etc
w Cell class can be : rural, urban, rural rapide (covering express railway), etc
w Templates parameters define the intervals or Receive level, Consecutive frame erasure, Radiolink counter, Path balance, C/I
for which RMS counters are provided.
1.226
RMS configuration in the OMC-R
PM
RMS in binary files
Templates
Templates
RMS with OMC-R only
w Templates are defined on OMC-R
w RMS results are retrieved once a day
from BSC
w Binary files can be exported for post-
processing
B7
1.227
RMS configuration in RNO
RMS with OMC-R, NPA & RNO
w Templates are defined on RNO
w RMS results are retrieved once a day
from BSC
w Binary files are transferred to NPA
w RMS warnings on NPA
w RMS QoS reports on RNO
w RMS reports used in RNO
Check
QoS follow-up
Diagnosis
Tuning
w Experience matrix can be
generated for network planning
w Excel export is adapted to RMS
Benefit to whole RNO
Templates
PM Compute
experience
matrix
B7
w Cell profile can be : micro, indoor, multiband, etc
w Cell class can be : rural, urban, rural rapide (covering express railway), etc...
1.228
RMS data flow
RNO defines and sends
RMS templates to the OMC-R
OMC-R activates RMS campaign
in the BSS
RMS counters are transferred to
the OMC
RMS counters are
stored in NPA
RMS indicators
requested by RNO
RMS QOS report
displayed
RNO calculates and exports
Experience matrix to RNP
1
2
3
4
5
A9156 RNO
NPA
RNP
OMC-R
BSS
Template
1
Experience matrix
7
PM
4
7
B7
2
PM
3
6
5
QOS
6
QOS
w RNO is able to define the templates for the RMS jobs and helps in defining the MAFA frequencies
The tuning function of RNO defines a preferred RMS template depending on cell characteristics (type, class, capacity,
etc)
RNO manages the frequencies to monitor through MAFA jobs depending on the neighborhood and the frequency
bands
w RNO is reference for RMS templates
16 templates stored in RNO database
Reference values for templates available
Extra editor in administration tool to modify templates
a given value or reference one
w NPA
NPA stores RMS jobs measurements, at Cell & TRX level (15 days)
NPA makes some consolidations (voice quality, averages, etc.)
NPA manages some warnings on RMS indicators (path balance)
w Experience Matrix generated by RNO is an interference matrix computed from C/I measurements provided through RMS
counters.
1.229
w In all this chapter
System parameters (user tunable or not) will always be
written in BLUE BOLD FONT
Indicators and counters will be typed
in ITALIC and SHADOW EFFECT FONT ITALIC and SHADOW EFFECT FONT
w Light blue font highlights important points
RMS data presentation
B7
1.230
INDICATORS
6.3 RMS data
B7
1.231
w 3 main RMS statistics types
Call quality statistics RMS which qualify calls according
coverage/interference criteria
based on samples corresponding to measurement
results averaged over a number of SACCH multi-frames
Radio statistics:
-UL/DL level, UL/DL qual
-CFE
C/I statistics on neighbouring freq/MAFA freq
2 last statistics types based on samples corresponding
to measurement results
6.3 RMS data
RMS data presentation
B7
Annex 1
w The first RMS Statistics type is based on calls
w the two others are based on TRX/Cell
w additional information
Measurement results, TRX, BS/MS max power
w MAFA = Mobile Assisted Frequency Allocation is a GSM Phase 2+ feature allowing to request a mobile to measure and
report through Extended Measurement Report message a C/I value for each frequency specified in an Extended
Measurement Order message
w CFE : Consecutive Frame Erasure
w 1 SACCH multi-frame (SACCH mfr) corresponds to 4 consecutive sequences of 26 TDMA frames during which, in
uplink, a measurement report message is received by the BTS from the MS.
1.232
INDICATORS
B7
1.233
INDICATORS
B7
6.4.1 Generalities
1.234
6.4.1 Generalities
Voice Quality problem
Suspecting a Voice Quality problem
w Percentage of Noisy calls
B7
w The fact that FER measurements are more reliable than RXQUAL ones to assess the VQ is even more true when using Slow
Frequency Hopping. In this case RXQUAL values are not anymore correlated to Voice Quality as perceived by end-user.
w FER measurements are available for the uplink path only.
w These RMS indicators are provided on RNO tool per TRX, per Cell :
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of bad coverage on the uplink path
RMVQULVN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_bad_coverage
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference on the uplink path
RMVQUIFN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_interference
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference and bad coverage considered together on the uplink path
RMVQUUKN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_undefined
Rate of Noisy calls suffering from problems of interference or/and bad coverage on the uplink path
RMVQUNOR = RMS_call_noisy_UL_rate
w Note : The 4 above indicators can be provided for Noisy calls suffering of VQ problems on the dowlink path.
Rate of Noisy calls but with good FER measurements on the uplink path
RMVQFEGR = RMS_call_noisy_good_FER_rate
Rate of Noisy calls and also with bad FER measurements on the uplink path
RMVQFEBR = RMS_call_noisy_bad_FER_rate
Rate of calls with fair quality measurements but with bad FER measurements on the uplink path
RMVQFEAR = RMS_call_abnormal_bad_FER_rate
This last indicator can be used in order to tune the RMS VQ parameters used to characterized a call as Noisy.
1.235
6.4.1 Generalities
Call Quality measurements
VQ_AVERAGE = 4 SACCH
AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ= (RxlevUL1+RxlevUL2+RxlevUL3+RxlevUL4) / 4
AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ= (RxlevDL1+RxlevDL2+RxlevDL3+RxlevDL4) / 4
AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ= (RxqualUL1+RxqualUL2+RxqualUL3+RxqualUL4) / 4
AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ= (RxqualDL1+RxqualDL2+RxqualDL3+RxqualDL4) / 4
AV_RXFER_UL_VQ = (Nb of speech frames wrongly decoded (BFI=1)
/ Total nb of speech frames of the CQS)
Average level, quality and FER of a Call Quality Sample
SACCH meas.
begin end
CALL
480ms
CQS
1
CQS
2
CQS
3
CQS
4
CQS
5
CQS
6
CQS
7
CQS
8
CQS
9
CQS
10
CQS
11
CQS
12 CQS
13
CQS
14
CQS
15
CQS
16
CQS
375
1 measurement report

1 SACCH mfr
w CQS : Call Quality Sample
w VQ_AVERAGE = Number of consecutive SACCH measurements from which the reported Level and Quality notes (UL and
DL) are averaged. The resulting averages represents the level and quality of the corresponding Call Quality Sample, i.e. the
portion of the call over which level and quality have been measured.
w AV_RXLEV_xx_VQ = Average xx level measured over a Call Quality Sample (VQ_AVERAGE SACCH)
w AV_RXQUAL_xx_VQ = Average xx quality measured over a Call Quality Sample (VQ_AVERAGE SACCH)
1.236
6.4.1 Generalities
Classification of a CQS and Noisy Call identification
quality
Level (dBm)
7
0
-110 -47 VQ_RXLEV
bad quality + good level
- -- -
interfered CQS
bad quality & level
- -- -
bad coverage CQS
VQ_RXQUAL
w VQ_RXLEV = radio level threshold to classify a CQS as bad coverage CQS
w VQ_RXQUAL = radio quality threshold to classify a CQS as bad coverage CQS
w VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD = Ratio of bad CQS (interference or bad coverage) to classify a Call as Noisy
w A call is classify as :
Noisy xx Interference if Ratio of xx interfered CQS > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
Noisy xx Coverage if Ratio of xx bad coverage CQS > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
Noisy xx Undefined if Ratio of (xx interfered CQS + xx bad coverage CQS) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
1.237
INDICATORS
B7
6.4.2 Call quality parameters
1.238
RMS parameters
call quality statistics
parameters used to determine if a call is noisy (according to
RXQUAL) and of bad voice quality (according to FER)
w VQ_AVERAGE : averaging window size on measurement
results to obtain call quality samples (CQS) (0 SACCH mfr to 128
Smf)
w VQ_RXLEV : radio level threshold to specify bad coverage CQS
for noisy call statistics (-110 to -65 dBm)
w VQ_RXQUAL : radio quality threshold to specify bad quality
(RXQUAL) CQS for noisy call statistics (0 to 7)
w VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER : radio quality threshold to specify
bad or good quality CQS correlated to bad or good FER
measurements for noisy call statistics (0 to 7)
B7
w All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters :
RMSpc = PAR_VQ_AVERAGE
RMSpd = PAR_VQ_RXLEV
RMSpe = PAR_VQ_RXQUAL
RMSpf = PAR_VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER
w A CQS (Call Quality Sample) will be qualified as of bad level if the Average RxLevel is lower than VQ_RXLEV
w A CQS will be qualified as of bad quality if the Average RxQuality is greater than VQ_RXQUAL
w For FER counters VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER is used instead of VQ_RXQUAL to qualify a CQS as of bad quality if Average
FER is also checked (compared to VQ_xx_RXFER).
w Note : For CQS the averaging process is non sliding.
1.239
RMS parameters
call quality statistics
w VQ_GOOD_RXFER : Frame Erasure Rate threshold to specify
good FER CQS for noisy call statistics (0 to 20%)
w VQ_BAD_RXFER: FER threshold to specify bad FER CQS for
noisy call statistics (0 to 20%)
w VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD : Call Quality Samples threshold to
characterize a call as noisy (0 to 100%)
w VQ_FER_THRESHOLD : Call Quality Samples threshold to
characterize a call as of bad or good voice quality (0 to 100%)
B7
RMSpg = PAR_VQ_GOOD_RXFER
RMSph = PAR_VQ_ BAD_RXFER
RMSpi = PAR_VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
RMSpj = PAR_VQ_FER_THRESHOLD
1.240
INDICATORS
B7
6.4.3 Call quality counters
1.241
RMS counters
w w VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE
RMS10 = Number of calls suffering from interference problem on
the uplink path
w w VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE is incremented whenever a
call verifies :
100*(INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) >
VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
with
INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times where
AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL
and AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ>VQ_RXLEV
B7
w Call Quality Statistics counters are related only to speech channels.
considering
AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ : average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXQUAL_UL
AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ : average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXLEV_UL
NUM_UL_SAMPLES : total number of averages calculated on UL measurements during the call on the considered
TRX
1.242
w w VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE
RMS10 = Number of calls suffering from interference problem on
the uplink path
w w VQ_NOISY_DL_INTERFERENCE VQ_NOISY_DL_INTERFERENCE
RMS11 = Number of calls suffering from interference problem
on the downlink path
w w VQ_NOISY_UL_COVERAGE VQ_NOISY_UL_COVERAGE
RMS12 = Number of calls suffering from bad coverage problem
on the uplink path
w w VQ_NOISY_DL_COVERAGE VQ_NOISY_DL_COVERAGE
RMS13 = Number of calls suffering from bad coverage problem
on the downlink path
B7
RMS counters
w RMS10 = VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE is incremented whenever a call verifies :
100*(INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
with
INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times where AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL
and AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ>VQ_RXLEV
considering
AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ : average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXQUAL_UL
AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ : average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXLEV_UL
NUM_UL_SAMPLES : total number of averages calculated on UL measurements during the call on the considered
TRX
w RMS11 = VQ_NOISY_DL_INTERFERENCE is incremented whenever a call verifies : 100*(INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES /
NUM_DL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
with
INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times where AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL
and AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ>VQ_RXLEV
considering
AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ : average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXQUAL_DL
AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ : average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXLEV_DL
NUM_DL_SAMPLES : total number of averages calculated on DL measurements during the call on the considered
TRX
w RMS12 = VQ_NOISY_UL_COVERAGE is incremented whenever a call verifies : 100*(BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES /
NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
with BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times where AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and
AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ<=VQ_RXLEV
w RMS13 = VQ_NOISY_DL_COVERAGE is incremented whenever a call verifies : 100*(BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES /
NUM_DL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
with BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times where AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and
AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ<=VQ_RXLEV
1.243
w w VQ_NOISY_UL_UNDEFINED VQ_NOISY_UL_UNDEFINED
RMS14 = Number of calls suffering from both problems of
interference and bad coverage on the uplink path
These calls are not counted in VQ_NOISY_UL_COVERAGE or
VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE
w w VQ_NOISY_DL_UNDEFINED VQ_NOISY_DL_UNDEFINED
RMS15 = Number of calls suffering from both problems of
interference and bad coverage on the downlink path
These calls are not counted in VQ_NOISY_DL_COVERAGE or
VQ_NOISY_DL_INTERFERENCE
B7
RMS counters
w RMS14 = VQ_NOISY_UL_UNDEFINED is incremented whenever a call verifies :
100*(BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) <= VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
and 100*(INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) <= VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
and 100*(BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
with
BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times where AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and
AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ<=VQ_RXLEV
INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL
and AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ > VQ_RXLEV
BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES = INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES + BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES
= nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL
w RMS15 = VQ_NOISY_DL_UNDEFINED is incremented whenever a call verifies :
100*(BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) <= VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
and 100*(INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) <= VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
and 100*(BAD_QUALITY_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
with
BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times where AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL
and AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ<=VQ_RXLEV
INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL
and AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ > VQ_RXLEV
BAD_QUALITY_DL_SAMPLES = INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES + BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES
= nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL
1.244
w w VQ_NOISY_UL_BAD_FER VQ_NOISY_UL_BAD_FER
RMS16 = Number of calls with bad quality measurements and
with bad FER measurements on the uplink path
Bad quality means bad RXQUAL whatever RXLEV is
w w VQ_NOISY_UL_GOOD_FER VQ_NOISY_UL_GOOD_FER
RMS17 = Number of calls with bad quality measurements but
with good FER measurements on the uplink path
w w VQ_ABNORMAL_BAD_FER VQ_ABNORMAL_BAD_FER
RMS18 = Number of calls with fair quality measurements but
with bad FER measurements on the uplink path
B7
RMS counters
w RMS16 = VQ_NOISY_UL_BAD_FER is incremented whenever a call verifies :
100*(BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
and 100*(BAD_QUAL_BAD_FER_UL_SAMPLES / BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_FER_THRESHOLD
with
BAD_QUAL_BAD_FER_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER and
AV_RXFER_UL_VQ > VQ_BAD_RXFER
considering
AV_RXFER_UL_VQ : average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of FER
w RMS17 = VQ_NOISY_UL_GOOD_FER is incremented whenever a call verifies :
100*(BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD
and 100*(BAD_QUAL_GOOD_FER_UL_SAMPLES / BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_FER_THRESHOLD
with
BAD_QUAL_GOOD_FER_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER and
AV_RXFER_UL_VQ <= VQ_GOOD_RXFER
w RMS18 = VQ_ABNORMAL_BAD_FER is incremented whenever a call verifies :
100*(FAIR_QUAL_BAD_FER_UL_SAMPLES / FAIR_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_FER_THRESHOLD
with
FAIR_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ < VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER
FAIR_QUAL_BAD_FER_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ<VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER and
AV_RXFER_UL_VQ>VQ_BAD_RXFER
1.245
INDICATORS
B7
1.246
INDICATORS
B7
6.5.1 Generalities
1.247
6.5.1 Generalities
Cell coverage problem
Suspecting a cell coverage problem
w Distribution of samples per RxQual value and RxLev band
w Distribution of samples per RxLev band
B7
w Coverage problem is observed when a significant amount of the traffic of a cell is suffering from both low level and bad quality
(RxQual).
w To confirm distribution of samples per RXLEV band should be also considered to know the proportion of calls which are
experiencing a low signal level.
w If a lot of samples of low level and bad quality are observed for only a sub-part of the TRXs (can be one only) then a BTS
hardware problem or a problem on the aerials should be suspected.
w If all the TRXs are experiencing a lot of samples of low level and bad quality then a coverage problem shall be suspected.
Matrix of Number of Measurement Results per DL RxQual value and per DL RxLev band
RMQLDSAM = RMS_DL_RxQuality_RxLevel_sample
Vector of Percentage of Samples per DL RxLev band
RMQLDLVDV = RMS_DL_RxLevel_distrib
Vector of Percentage of Samples per DL RxQual band
RMQLDQUDV = RMS_DL_RxQuality_distrib
1.248
6.5.1 Generalities
TRX hardware problem
Suspecting a TRX hardware problem
w Average Path Balance
B7
Vector of the Number of Measurement Results per Path Balance band
RMPBV = RMS_PathBalance_sample
Average Path Balance value
RMPBAN = RMS_PathBalance_avg
w templates modification is neede to have more details
1.249
6.5.1 Generalities
vector counter
B7
w Real number of Measurement Results in which Path balance
is in PATH BALANCE band j
= S(PATH BALANCE band j) x Max / 254
= TPR_PATH_BALANCE(j) x MAX_PATH_BALANCE /
254
RMS7a=TPR_PATH_BALANCE TPR_PATH_BALANCE
RMS7b=MAX_PATH_BALANCE MAX_PATH_BALANCE
1.250
6.5.1 Generalities
matrix counter
B7
TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL
TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL
w This counter RMS3a=TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL is a matrix
represented on the left side
w this counter RMS3b=TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL is vecto
represented on the right side
w Real number of Measurement Results in which UL RxQual is equal to i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j
= S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254
= TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
1.251
INDICATORS
B7
6.5.2 Radio quality parameters
1.252
RMS parameters
radio quality statistics
parameters used to define intervals for RXLEV, Path Balance,
Radio Link Counter and Consecutive Frame Erasure statistics
w MEAS_STAT_LEV1 to MEAS_STAT_LEV9 : 9 thresholds on
received radio level value defining 10 RXLEV bands
-110 MEAS_STAT_LEV(i+1) MEAS_STAT_LEV(i) < -47 dBm
w MEAS_STAT_PATH_BAL1 to MEAS_STAT_PATH_BAL9 : 9
thresholds on radio signal propagation loss difference between
UL and DL defining 10 Path Balance bands
-110 < MEAS_STAT_LEV(i) MEAS_STAT_LEV(i+1) +110 dB
B7
RMSpt5 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_LEV = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_LEVi
RMSpt4 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_PATH_BALANCE = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_PATH_BALi
w The Path Balance is computed by the BTS from each Measurement Result message as the difference between :
Path loss on the uplink : received level by the BTS - MS power level
Path loss on the downlink : received level by the MS - BS power level
where BS power level is computed as the BTS nominal power decreased by the BS power relative level.
w Therefore Path balance is computed as follows :
Path Balance = (RXLEV_UL - MS_TXPWR)
- (RXLEV_DL - [BTS_MAX_OUTPUT_POWER - abs(BS_TXPWR)] )
where
+ RXLEV_UL is received signal levels measured by the BTS on the uplink path (in dBm)
+ MS_TXPWR is the MS transmitted power converted by the BTS from MS power level into dBm value
according to the frequency band of the TRX
+ BS_TXPWR is the BTS transmitted power offset defined relatively to the maximum absolute output
power of the BTS (negative value in dB)
+ BTS_MAX_OUTPUT_POWER is the maximum power of the BTS after Combiner (in dBm)
+ RXLEV_DL is received signal levels measured by the MS on the down path (in dBm)
w NOTE : Additional asymetric DL loss (external combiner) or UL gain (TMA) are not taken into account in the computation so
they must be considered when interpreting the RMS results.
1.253
RMS parameters
w TA_STAT : threshold on timing advance value defining a priori
the range of the cell (0 to 64 bits)
w MEAS_STAT_S1 to MEAS_STAT_S9 : 9 thresholds on BTS
Radio Link Counter S value defining 10 S bands
0 < MEAS_STAT_S(i) MEAS_STAT_S(i+1) 128 SACCH mfr
S : counter managed by the BTS on a per call basis
S = RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS if good radio conditions
S decremented if bad radio conditions
BSS triggers call drop when S = 0
B7
RMSpt3 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_S = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_Si
RMSpb = PAR_TA_STAT
w Recall on Uplink Radio Link Supervision procedure :
For each active dedicated radio channel in a cell, a counter S called Radio Link Counter is
decremented by 1 by the BTS each time a SACCH measurement from the mobile cannot be decoded
(SACCH_BFI=1)
incremented by 2 by the BTS each time a valid SACCH measurement is received from the mobile
(SACCH_BFI=0)
Initial value of S = RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS (cell parameter)
if S reaches N_BSTXPWR_M, a radio link recovery is triggered (BTS and MS power increased at their
maximum)
if S reaches 0, a Radio Link Failure is triggered (channel drop)
Therefore the value of S gives a measure of the quality of uplink radio link.
1.254
RMS parameters
w MEAS_STAT_BFI1 to MEAS_STAT_BFI9 : 9 thresholds on
number of consecutive speech frames with BFI set to 1 defining
10 BFI bands
0 < MEAS_STAT_BFI(i) MEAS_STAT_BFI(i+1) 25 speech frame
w BTS decodes 24 speech frames (sf) from 1 uplink SACCH multi-frame :
and 1 SACCH frame (or block)
B7
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TDMA : 4,616ms
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Sf 1 Sf 2 Sf 3 Sf 4 Sf 5 Sf 6 Sf 7 Sf 8 Sf 9 Sf 10 Sf 11 Sf 12 Sf 13 Sf 14 Sf 15 Sf 16 Sf 17 Sf 18 Sf 19 Sf 20 Sf 21 Sf 22 Sf 23 Sf 24
RMSpt2 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_BFI = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_BFIi
w Consecutive Frame Erasure (CFE) :
MEAS_STAT_BFIi parameters define 9 intervals of cumulated numbers of consecutive speech frames which have a Bad
Frame Indicator value set to 1 (means that the speech frame is considered as erroneous by the BTS).
As the TC will erase speech frames for which Bad Frame Indicator flag (BFI) has been set to the value 1 by the BTS, BFI is
used in the RMS counters description whereas CFE is used in the RMS indicators defined in RNO tool.
Note : By default BFI relates to speech frame. When considering SACCH measurement , SACCH_BFI should be used.
1.255
INDICATORS
B7
6.5.1 Radio quality counters
1.256
RMS counters
w w TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL : matrix of 8x10 elements
UL(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j), each element is made of :
Samples
ij
: norm of number of measurement result samples
in which UL RxQual is equal to i and UL RxLev is reported in
RXLEV band j
MS PWR level
ij
: average value of MS power (in dBm) from
pwr levels reported in these samples
Timing Advance
ij
: average value of TAs reported in these
samples
w w TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL : vector of 10 elements
UL
RXQUAL
(RXLEV band j), each element is made of :
maximum value of the 8 real numbers of samples in which
UL RxQual is equal to i (i=0 to 7) and UL RxLev is reported
in RXLEV band j
B7
RMS3a=TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL RMS3b=TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL
Real number of Measurement Results in which UL Real number of Measurement Results in which UL Real number of Measurement Results in which UL Real number of Measurement Results in which UL RxQual RxQual RxQual RxQual is equal to i and UL is equal to i and UL is equal to i and UL is equal to i and UL RxLev RxLev RxLev RxLev is in RXLEV band j is in RXLEV band j is in RXLEV band j is in RXLEV band j
= S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 = S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 = S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 = S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254
= TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254 = TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254 = TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254 = TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
1.257
RMS counters
w w TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL : matrix of 8x10 elements
DL(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j), each element is made of :
Samples
ij
: norm of number of measurement result samples
in which DL RxQual is equal to i and DL RxLev is reported in
RXLEV band j
BS PWR level
ij
: average value of BS power (in dBm) from
pwr levels reported in these samples
Timing Advance
ij
: average value of TAs reported in these
samples
w w TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL : vector of 10 elements
DL
RXQUAL
(RXLEV band j), each element is made of :
maximum value of the 8 real numbers of samples in which
DL RxQual is equal to i (i=0 to 7) and DL RxLev is reported
in RXLEV band j
B7
RMS4a=TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL RMS4b=TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL
Real number of Measurement Results in which DL Real number of Measurement Results in which DL Real number of Measurement Results in which DL Real number of Measurement Results in which DL RxQual RxQual RxQual RxQual is equal to i and DL is equal to i and DL is equal to i and DL is equal to i and DL RxLev RxLev RxLev RxLev is in RXLEV band j is in RXLEV band j is in RXLEV band j is in RXLEV band j
= S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 = S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 = S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 = S(RXQUAL i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254
= TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(j) / 254 = TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(j) / 254 = TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(j) / 254 = TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(i,j) x TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(j) / 254
1.258
RMS counters
w w TPR_PATH_BALANCE TPR_PATH_BALANCE : vector of 10 elements UL/DL(PATH
BALANCE band j), each element is made of :
norm of number of measurement result samples for which
computed Path Balance is in PATH BALANCE band j
w w MAX_PATH_BALANCE MAX_PATH_BALANCE :
maximum value of the 10 real numbers of samples for which
computed Path Balance is in PATH BALANCE band j (j=1 to
10)
B7
RMS7a=TPR_PATH_BALANCE RMS7b=MAX_PATH_BALANCE
Real number of Measurement Results in which Path balance is in P Real number of Measurement Results in which Path balance is in P Real number of Measurement Results in which Path balance is in P Real number of Measurement Results in which Path balance is in PATH BALANCE band j ATH BALANCE band j ATH BALANCE band j ATH BALANCE band j
= S(PATH BALANCE band j) x Max / 254 = S(PATH BALANCE band j) x Max / 254 = S(PATH BALANCE band j) x Max / 254 = S(PATH BALANCE band j) x Max / 254
= TPR_PATH_BALANCE(j) x MAX_PATH_BALANCE / 254 = TPR_PATH_BALANCE(j) x MAX_PATH_BALANCE / 254 = TPR_PATH_BALANCE(j) x MAX_PATH_BALANCE / 254 = TPR_PATH_BALANCE(j) x MAX_PATH_BALANCE / 254
1.259
RMS counters
w w TPR_RADIO_LINK TPR_RADIO_LINK : vector of 10 elements UL(S band j), each
element is made of :
Uplink Radio Link Counter is in S band j
w w MAX_RADIO_LINK MAX_RADIO_LINK :
Uplink Radio Link Counter is in S band j (j=1 to 10)
B7
RMS6a=TPR_RADIO_LINK RMS6b=MAX_RADIO_LINK
Real number of Measurement Results in which Uplink Radio Link Counter is in S band j
= S(S band j) x Max / 254
= TPR_RADIO_LINK(j) x MAX_RADIO_LINK / 254
1.260
RMS counters
w w TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL : matrix of 10x10 elements UL(BFI i,
RXLEV band j), each element is made of :
norm of number of SACCH multi-frames in which the number
of consecutive speech frames with BFI set to 1 is in BFI band
i and UL RxLev reported in the corresponding measurement
results is in RXLEV band j
w w TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL : vector of 10 elements UL
BFI
(RXLEV
band j), each element is made of :
maximum value of the 10 real numbers of SACCH multi-
frames in which the number of consecutive speech frames
with BFI set to 1 is in BFI band i (i=0 to 9) and UL RxLev
reported in the corresponding measurement results is in
RXLEV band j
B7
RMS5a=TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL RMS5b= TPM_BFI_RXLEV_UL
Real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consec Real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consec Real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consec Real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consecutive speech frames with BFI utive speech frames with BFI utive speech frames with BFI utive speech frames with BFI
set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL RxLev RxLev RxLev RxLev is in RXLEV band j is in RXLEV band j is in RXLEV band j is in RXLEV band j
= S(BFI i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 = S(BFI i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 = S(BFI i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 = S(BFI i, RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254
= TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254 = TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254 = TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254 = TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i,j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254
1.261
RMS counters
w BTS increments BFI (or CFE) counter as soon as consecutive
speech frames can not be decoded
isolated speech frame with BFI set to 1 are not counted
sequences of not decoded speech frames are cumulated
B7
SACCH mfr
CFE
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7
BFI
Sf 1 Sf 2 Sf 3 Sf 4 Sf 5 Sf 6 Sf 7 Sf 8 Sf 9 Sf 10 Sf 11 Sf 12 Sf 13 Sf 14 Sf 15 Sf 16 Sf 17 Sf 18 Sf 19 Sf 20 Sf 21 Sf 22 Sf 23 Sf 24 SACCH f.
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
RxLev UL
10 11 9 12 12 11 11 10 3 2 0 8 9 5 3 7 2 1 2 7 3 8 2 3 5
Av_RxLev_UL= - 110 + INT[(10+11+9+12+12+11+11+10+3+2+0+8+9+5+3+7+2+1+2+7+3+8+2+3+5)/25]
= -104 dBm
1.262
RMS counters
w w PERC_TA_GT_TA_STAT PERC_TA_GT_TA_STAT :
percentage of measurement results reported with a Timing
Advance value > TA_STAT parameter
w w MAX_TA MAX_TA :
maximum value of Timing Advance among all TA values
reported in measurement results used for RMS
B7
w Corresponding RMS counter numbers :
RMS36 = PERC_TA_GT_TA_STAT
RMS37 = MAX_TA
1.263
INDICATORS
6.6 C/I statistics
B7
1.264
INDICATORS
6.6 C/I statistics
B7
6.6.1 C/I Generalities
1.265
6.6.1 C/I Generalities
Storage and computation methods
w In order to provide an efficient storage, the "vector method"
already seen for previous RMS statistics will be used for C/I
counters
w C/I expressed in logarithmic scale (dB)
(C/I)
dB
= C
dBm
- I
dBm
= 10 log
10
(C
mW
) - 10 log
10
(I
mW
)
= 10 log
10
(C/I)
mW
B7
1.266
INDICATORS
6.6 C/I statistics
B7
6.6.2 C/I Parameters
1.267
6.6.2 C/I parameters
RMS parameters
C/I statistics
parameters defining intervals for C/I statistics
w MEAS_STAT_C_I1 to MEAS_STAT_C_I9 : 9 thresholds on
Carrier/Interference ratio defining 10 C/I bands
-63 < MEAS_STAT_C_I(i) MEAS_STAT_C_I(i+1) +63 dB
w EN_BALANCED_CI : boolean indicating if the C/I value reported
by the BTS is balanced or not
w NEIGB_CELL_ID : (BCCH,BSIC) of the neighbour cell for which
the C/I statistics per neighbour cell are reported
w Frequency ARFCN : ARFCN of the frequency for which the C/I
statistics per MAFA frequency are reported
Annex 2
B7
RMSpt1 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_C/I = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_C_Ii
RMSpa = PAR_EN_BALANCED_CI
RMSp80 = NEIGB_CELL_ID
RMSp90 = Frequency ARFCN
w For C/I statistics per neighbour cell :
The C/I ratio is computed by the BTS from each Measurement Result message as the difference between :
the downlink signal level measured by the MS on the serving TCH channel = C (dBm)
the downlink signal level measured by the MS on the neighbour BCCH channel = I (dBm)
Two computation formulae may be used taking into account corrective factor in case DL Power Control is used in the
serving cell :
If EN_BALANCED_CI = False
+ then C/I (dB) = RXLEV_DL (dBm) - RXLEV_NCELL (dBm)
+ else C/I (dB) = RXLEV_DL + abs(BS_TXPWR - BS_TXPWR_MAX) - RXLEV_NCELL
The expression (RXLEV_DL + abs(BS_TXPWR - BS_TXPWR_MAX)) can be seen as a kind of normalized
received power level in case the BTS would always have used the maximum allowed transmit power level on
the TCH channel.
w For C/I statistics per MAFA frequency :
The C/I ratio is computed by the BTS from each Extended Measurement Report message in the same way as C/I ratio
per neighbour cell.
1.268
INDICATORS
6.6 C/I statistics
B7
6.6.3 C/I Counters
1.269
6.6.3 C/I counters
RMS counters
C/I statistics per neighbour cell
w w TPR_CIN TPR_CIN : vector of 10 elements C/I
n
(C/I band j), each element is
made of :
computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j
w w MR_CIN MR_CIN :
computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j (j=1 to 10)
TPR_CIN TPR_CIN and MR_CIN MR_CIN counters are provided for up to 42
neighbour cells
B7
RMS8a=TPR_CIN RMS8b=TMR_CIN
For each reported neighbour cell (BCCH/BSIC) :
Real number of Measurement Results for which computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j
= S(C/I band j) x Max / 254
= TPR_CIN(j) x TMR_CIN / 254
For each declared/reported neighbour cell, the identification of this cell shall be done as follows :
BCCH_ARFCN and BSIC.
The BCCH ARFCN is deduced in the BTS from the BCCH frequency index and the list of indexed
frequencies (sent by the BSC at the beginning of the RMS job).
The RMS results report shall include all reported neighbour cells. Some of them correspond to known
cells at the BSS level (i.e. their BSIC match what is expected at the BSC side) but some of them are
unknown (their BSIC does not match). However, the BTS will handle the same for both cases.
The list of frequencies to be monitored by the mobile is limited to 33 but due to resurgence the same
frequency can be reported several times (each time with a different BSIC). If the number of reported
cells is above the dimensioning limit (maximum 42 CI-vectors are reported), the extra new reported
frequencies are not taken into account anymore. In the result report the related overflow indicator is set
accordingly.
1.270
6.6.3 C/I counters
RMS counters
C/I statistics per MAFA frequency
w w TPR_CIF TPR_CIF : vector of 10 elements C/I
f
(C/I band j), each element is
made of :
norm of number of Extended Measurement Results samples
for which computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j
w w MR_CIF MR_CIF :
computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j (j=1 to 10)
TPR_CIF TPR_CIF and MR_CIF MR_CIF counters are provided for up to 21
frequencies (serving cell BCCH + 20 MAFA frequencies)
B7
RMS9a=TPR_CIF RMS9b=TMR_CIF
For each reported MAFA frequency (ARFCN) : For each reported MAFA frequency (ARFCN) : For each reported MAFA frequency (ARFCN) : For each reported MAFA frequency (ARFCN) :
Real number of Extended Measurement Results for which computed C Real number of Extended Measurement Results for which computed C Real number of Extended Measurement Results for which computed C Real number of Extended Measurement Results for which computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I arrier/Interference ratio is in C/I arrier/Interference ratio is in C/I arrier/Interference ratio is in C/I
band j band j band j band j
= S(C/I band j) x Max / 254 = S(C/I band j) x Max / 254 = S(C/I band j) x Max / 254 = S(C/I band j) x Max / 254
= TPR_CIF(j) x TMR_CIF / 254 = TPR_CIF(j) x TMR_CIF / 254 = TPR_CIF(j) x TMR_CIF / 254 = TPR_CIF(j) x TMR_CIF / 254
For each reported MAFA frequency, the identification of this frequencies shall be done as follows :
Frequency ARFCN .
In case of a frequency reported via Extended Measurement Reporting, no BSIC is required : the
frequency ARFCN is not directly linked to a BCCH frequency. The ARFCN value of the frequency is
deduced in the BTS from the place of the measurement in the EXTENDED_ MEASUREMENT_REPORT and
from the ordered frequency list in the Extended Measurement Order. This list is built by the OMC-RR and
passed via BSC to BTS at the beginning of the RMS job.
The maximum number of frequencies in the order (EMO) is the maximum defined in GSM (=21). Hence
the maximum in the report is 21 also. When in exceptional cases, more results are available (future
expansion in GSM), only the first 21 are reported.
The BCCH frequency of the serving cell shall always be part of the EMO-frequency list.
1.271
INDICATORS
B7
1.272
Voice quality problem
Suspecting a Voice Quality problem RMS indicators
w Percentage of Noisy calls
w FER is more reliable than RXQUAL to assess VQ
w Noisy calls indicators can also be computed from are also FER
measurements
Noisy calls with bad or good FER
Calls not detected as noisy but with bad FER
B7
Voice Quality indicators are
based on calls
Noisy calls are associated
with a cause of
bad coverage, interference or
undefined
w The fact that FER measurements are more reliable than RXQUAL ones to assess the VQ is even more true when using Slow
Frequency Hopping. In this case RXQUAL values are not anymore correlated to Voice Quality as perceived by end-user.
w FER measurements are available for the uplink path only.
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of bad coverage on the uplink path
RMVQULVN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_bad_coverage
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference on the uplink path
RMVQUIFN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_interference
Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference and bad coverage considered together on the uplink path
RMVQUUKN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_undefined
Rate of Noisy calls suffering from problems of interference or/and bad coverage on the uplink path
RMVQUNOR = RMS_call_noisy_UL_rate
Note : The 4 above indicators can be provided for Noisy calls suffering of VQ problems on the dowlink path.
Rate of Noisy calls but with good FER measurements on the uplink path
RMVQFEGR = RMS_call_noisy_good_FER_rate
Rate of Noisy calls and also with bad FER measurements on the uplink path
RMVQFEBR = RMS_call_noisy_bad_FER_rate
Rate of calls with fair quality measurements but with bad FER measurements on the uplink path
RMVQFEAR = RMS_call_abnormal_bad_FER_rate
This last indicator can be used in order to tune the RMS VQ parameters used to characterized a call as Noisy.
1.273
Suspecting a cell coverage problem
w Distribution of samples per RxQual value and RxLev band
w Distribution of samples per RxLev band
B7
Not acceptable
coverage limit :
Too low level
Too bad quality
w Coverage problem is observed when a significant amount of the traffic of a cell is suffering from both low level and bad quality
(RxQual).
w To confirm distribution of samples per RXLEV band should be also considered to know the proportion of calls which are
experiencing a low signal level.
w If a lot of samples of low level and bad quality are observed for only a sub-part of the TRXs (can be one only) then a BTS
hardware problem or a problem on the aerials should be suspected.
w If all the TRXs are experiencing a lot of samples of low level and bad quality then a coverage problem shall be suspected.
Vector of Percentage of Samples per DL RxLev band
RMQLDLVDV = RMS_DL_RxLevel_distrib
Vector of Percentage of Samples per DL RxQual band
RMQLDQUDV = RMS_DL_RxQuality_distrib
1.274
Suspecting a cell coverage problem RMS indicators
w Average TA values per RxQual value and RxLev band
B7
Not acceptable
coverage limit :
Too low level
Too bad quality
Acceptable coverage limit :
Sufficient level and good quality
% of TA value over TA threshold
has also to be considered
w In order to know if the coverage problem is due to a big amount of traffic at the cell border or rather to indoor calls the average
TA value per RXQUAL value and RXLEV band as well as Percentage of TA value over TA threshold should be observed.
Matrix of Average TA per UL RxQual value and per UL RxLev band
RMQLUTAM = RMS_UL_RxQuality_RxLevel_TimingAdvance
Rate of Measurements Results whose TA is greater than the TA threshold
RMTAGTR = RMS_TimingAdvance_greater_threshold_rate
Maximum TA value of all values reported in Measurement Results
RMTAMXN = RMS_TimingAdvance_max
1.275
Exercise 1
RMS exercise 1
-Give the list of the RMS counters and
parameters used in the 3 previous slides
B7
Time allowed :
10 minutes
1.276
RMS exercise 2
-what does represent this graph?
-interpret this graph
B7
Time allowed :
10 minutes
Vector of the Number of Measurement Results per Path Balance band
RMPBV = RMS_PathBalance_sample
Average Path Balance value
RMPBAN = RMS_PathBalance_avg
w Fair average Path Balance at Cell level can hide a bad value for one TRX
1.277
Cell interference problem
Suspecting a cell interference problem
w Number of samples per RxQual value and RxLev band
Average DL RxQuality = 0.34
RMS results show no problem
of radio link quality in this cell
Average RxQual value per RxLev
band has also to be considered
B7
Vector of Average DL RxQual per RxLev band
RMQLDQUAV = RMS_DL_RxQuality_avg_per_RxLevel
Average DL RxQuality
RMQLDQUAN = RMS_DL_RxQuality_avg
1.278
RMS exercise 3
Average RxQual value per RxLev
band has also to be considered
Average DL RxQuality = 2.81
B7
Time allowed :
10 minutes
1.279
RMS exercise 4
B7
Time allowed :
15 minutes
Matrix of Number of Measurements Results per CFE band (or BFI band) and per UL RxLev band
RMFEM = RMS_UL_ConsecutiveFrameErasure_RxLevel_sample
Vector of Average number of Consecutive Frame Erasure per UL RxLev band
RMFEBFAV = RMS_UL_ConsecutiveFrameErasure_avg_per_RxLevel
Vector of Average UL RxQual per RxLev band
RMQLUQUAV = RMS_UL_RxQuality_avg_per_RxLevel
1.280
RMS exercise 5
B7
Time allowed :
10 minutes
1.281
RMS exercise 6
-Compute the RMS counters and
indicators in the file
B7
Time allowed :
10 minutes
1.282
INDICATORS
B7
1.283
RMS counters
counters used for :
w post-processing the RMS results provided per TRX
TOT_SEIZ_TCH : number of TCH channels successfully seized by the
MS
TOT_MEAS : number of Measurement Results used for RMS
TOT_MEAS_L1INFO_NOL3INFO : number of Measurement Results
used for RMS statistics for which Layer 1 info is present but Layer 3 is
missing
TOT_MEAS_DTX_UL : number of Measurement Results used for RMS
statistics for which DTX UL was used in the corresponding SACCH mfr
TOT_MEAS_DTX_DL : number of Measurement Results used for RMS
statistics for which DTX DL was used in the corresponding SACCH mfr
TOT_EMR : number of Extended Measurement Results used for RMS
statistics
B7
RMS31 = TOT_SEIZ_TCH
RMS32 = TOT_MEAS
RMS33 = TOT_MEAS_L1INFO_NOL3INFO
RMS34 = TOT_MEAS_DTX_UL
RMS35 = TOT_MEAS_DTX_DL
RMS38 = TOT_EMR
w Note :
If during an SACCH measurement , DTX is applied on the uplink path (DTX_UL =1), the counters on consecutive BFI
(RMS5a, RMS5b) shall not be incremented and the corresponding measurement result shall not be taken into account
in these RMS counters.
If during an SACCH measurement , DTX is applied on the uplink path (DTX_UL = 1), the FER measurement does not
take place.
1.284
RMS counters
counters used for :
w interpreting the RMS results provided per TRX
TRE_BAND : frequency band of the TRX
BS_TX_PWRMAX : effective maximum output power the BTS on any
channel of the TRX as an offset from the maximum absolute output
power (in dB)
MS_TX_PWRMAX : effective maximum output power of the MS using
any channel of the TRX (in dBm)
IND_TRE_OVERLOAD : boolean indicating if the TRE handling the TRX
function has experienced a data loss due to processor overload during
the RMS campaign
IND_RMS_RESTARTED : boolean indicating if the RMS job has been
restarted on the concerned TRE during the RMS campaign due to a
modification of RMS parameter values or a TRE reset
B7
w Corresponding RMS counter numbers : RMS20 = TRE_BAND
RMSpw1 = BS_TX_PWRMAX
RMSpw2 = MS_TX_PWRMAX
RMS21 = IND_TRE_OVERLOAD
RMS22 = IND_RMS_RESTARTED
1.285
RMS counters
Additional information
counters used for :
w interpreting the C/I RMS results provided per TRX
IND_CI_PARTIAL_OBSERVATION : made of 2 booleans indicating that
:
C/I
n
computation has been restarted due to the modification of the
list of neighbour cells during the RMS campaign
C/I
f
computation has been restarted due to the modification of the
list of MAFA frequencies during the RMS campaign
IND_CI_OVERFLOW : boolean indicating that the upper limit of 42 C/I
sets of counters has been exceeded (each new reported neighbour cell
(BCCH, BSIC) has not been taken into account in RMS statistics)
B7
RMS23 = IND_CI_PARTIAL_OBSERVATION
RMS24 = IND_CI_OVERFLOW
1.286
B7
1.287
7 Traffic indicators
w Objective: be able to describe BSS traffic indicators used for
radio resource dimensioning
w program:
7.1 Call mix definition
7.2 Basis of traffic theory
7.3 TCH resource allocation indicators
7.4 Resource occupancy indicators
7.5 Traffic model indicators
7.6 Preemption indicators
B7
1.288
1.289
GSM transactions
w In a GSM Network, there are a lot of different transactions :
location update : periodic, new updating, ~imsi_attach,
~imsi_detach
Hand Over (intra-cell, internal, external, )
SMS (short message service, originating or terminating)
SS (supplementary service)
Paging
and also Originating and Terminating calls
and so on (data, SMS-CB )
w In a GSM network telecom procedures involve different kinds of resource in the BSS :
Location Update : RACH, AGCH, SDCCH and SCCP
Originated Call : RACH, AGCH, SDCCH, TCH and SCCP
Terminated Call : PCH, RACH, AGCH, SDCCH, TCH and SCCP
Handover : TCH, SCCP
etc...
1.290
GSM transactions
w One can quantify number of each transaction per hour
w for example, for one cell, one can measure :
900 calls (600 TC, 300 OC)
3600 LU (any type)
1350 HO (900 internal, 450 external)
100 SMS
5 SS
6000 paging
with the following characteristics
mean call duration on TCH : 50 seconds
mean SDCCH duration : 3,2 seconds
w Call mix can be defined through :
data given by Marketing team
data measured from the living network
w Before network design Call Mix is assessed from Marketing Studies or obesrvations from other networks.
w After commercial opening Call Mix is measured from real traffic.
w Caution : Call duration means here TCH duration. Duration of a call from call setup to call release is a NSS notion.
1.291
Example
w Set of such measurements is called "call mix"
sometimes improperly called "traffic model"
w Usually presented in the following way :
Calls /hour : 900 (2/3 TC)
LU/call : 4
HO/Call : 1,5 (2/3 internal, 1/3 external)
SMS/Call : 11 %
SS/call : 5 %
Paging/hour : 6000
mean call duration on TCH : 90 seconds
mean SDCCH duration : 4.2 seconds
w After commercial opening the number of calls per hour will be measured from traffic counters.
w Usually Marketing team will provide :
the traffic per km
2
(in Erlang )
the traffic per subscriber (in mErl )
on a per geographical area or morphostructure basis.
Number of calls per hours
1.292
Variation
w A call mix is varying a lot :
from a cell to another
TCH traffic (induced by subscribers)
number of LU/call and HO/call (induced by network
design)
from one hour to another
by default : busy hour
from one year to another
modification of traffic intensity and distribution
w On some university campus SMS/call is often higher than average.
1.293
Usage
w Interests of call mix : Input data for dimensioning
cell and BSC resources dimensioning
RTCH, SDCCH, TTCH, BTS, BSC and MSC CPU
processor
Some examples of "risky" call mix
too much LU/Call : SDCCH congestion, TCU load, MSC
overload
too much HO/call : speech quality, call drop, DTC load
too much call : TCH congestion
too much paging : DTC processor load, PCH congestion
w Call Mix will be used at Radio Network Design and Radio Network Planning stages in order to define the capacity of the
network (number of sites, TRXs per site, radio configuration, number of Abis-PCM, A-PCM).
w When network is in operation Call Mix in used in order to anticipate network extension or re-dimensioning.
1.294
Advises
w Some advises
LU/CALL : 1 is "good", 2 is "bad", 4 and more can be
dangerous
beware that Network or BSC averages can hide critical
cells
HO/Call : less critical (1 is good)
2 or 3 is not a direct problem, but the trend has to be
monitored
Call : to be checked with Erlang table (seen in next session)
1.295
Exercise
Training exercise
w compute the call mix of a cell according the following information
256 call/hour
1300 LU/hour
450 HO/hour
w Is it complete ?
w what are the risks of such a call mix ?
1.296
1.297
Erlang definition
w ERLANG : unit used to quantify traffic (intensity)
w T = (resource usage duration) / (total observation duration)
[ERLANG]
w Example :
For 1 TCH, observed during 1 hour
one can observe 2 calls : 1 of 80 seconds and 1 of 100
seconds
T = (80+100)/3600 = 0,05 ERLANG
1.298
Erlang from call mix
CALL MIX => ERLANG
w Call mix example :
350 call/hour
3 LU/call
TCH mean call duration : 85 seconds
SDCCH mean duration : 4.5 seconds
Computation of Carried Erlang
TCH = (350*85)/3600 : 8,26 ERLANG
SDCCH = [ (350+350*3) * 4.5 ] / 3600 = 1.75 Erlang
1.299
Erlang B law
w In a Telecom system, call arrival frequency is ruled by POISSON
law
w Erlang B law : relationship between :
offered traffic
number of resources
blocking rate
call/second
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97
call/second
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93 97
1.300
w call request arrival rate (and leaving) is not stable
number of resources = average number of requests * mean duration
is sometime not sufficient => probability of blocking
w => Erlang B law
Pblock : blocking probability
N : number of resources
E : offered traffic [Erlang]
w good approximation when blocking rate
is low (< 5 %)
Erlang B law
Telecom system
Offered
Carried
Rejected
Pblock
N
k
N
k
k
N
E
E
=
=
!
! 0
w Erlang B law is not fully accurate since it assumes that :
subscriber requests are not queued which is not always the case (TCH queued in the BSC)
subscriber does not repeat call request if rejected which is almost never the case
w Therefore the higher the blocking rate the worse is the approximation of the Erlang B law.
w Erlang C law is better modelizing the TCH resource usage of the BSS since it takes into account the queuing.
w However Erlang C is never used since it parameters like size of the queue and time spent into the queue have to be tuned.
1.301
Erlang B formulae
w There is two different ways to use this law
Using Abacus
Using SW (here Excel)
Pblock = f ( T , Nc )
Offered = f ( Nc, Pblock )
Channels = f ( T, Pblock )
1.302
Erlang B abacus
1.303
w Example : 1 cell with 8 TRX, with 60 TCH channels
maximum blocking rate : 2 %
Erlang law : 50 Offered Erlang
83 % of TCH resources used to reach 2% of blocking
Erlang B example
1.304
w But be careful, the Erlang B law is not linear :
In B4 we use for example a combined BCCH with a micro
BTS.
4 SDCCH, Pblock = 2% => T = 1.1 E
25% resources used to reach 2% blocking
In B5 if we decide to provide SMSCB (Cell Broadcast
information), 1 SDCCH stolen for CBCH
3 SDCCH, Pblock = 2% => T = 0.6 E
25 % resources less => 50 % Traffic less !!
Non linearity of Erlang B
1.305
w Given an Offered traffic, compute the number of TRX (and
SDCCH) needed to carry it => What is the accepted blocking
rate ?
w default blocking rate
RTCH : 2 %
SDCCH : 0,5 %
(for BSC TTCH : 0,1%)
Cell dimensioning
w Erlang B is less relevant for SDCCH dimensioning since SDCCH traffic can not be modelized like TCH traffic. Indeed SDCCH
is not only due to subscriber traffic but also to Location Update, SMS, IMSI Detach, etc
w For SDCCH dimensioning some typical configuration are used according to the number of TRXs in the cell, the LA plan.
1.306
w Cell dimensioning from call mix (bid, architecture)
to handle an offered traffic of 12 Erlang (RTCH), compute
the number of channels, then the number of TRX
Channels (12;2%) = 19
example : 3 TRX , 21 TCH, 1 BCCH, 2 SDCCH8
Dimensioning "a priori"
1.307
w Cell dimensioning from measurement (re-planning)
one is measuring a traffic of 15 Erlang, with a blocking rate
of 10 %
how to dimension the cell ?
Offered traffic = 15 / (1-10%) = 16,7 Erlang !!!!
Channels (16,7;2%) -> 25 TCH -> 4 TRX needed
Dimensioning "a posteriori"
1.308
w Forecast traffic
traffic forecasting must be computed according offered
traffic
enot directly on measured traffic
In order to plan necessary actions soon enough, one must
compute regularly the date when the traffic of a cell will
become critical
w Critical traffic
critical traffic : when offered traffic will induce 2% of blocking
traffic capacity of a cell = critical traffic of this cell
Forecast / Critical traffic
1.309
Exercise
w Training exercise : complete the form to get less than 2% of
blocking
cell cell cell cell call call call call mix info mix info mix info mix info Erlang TCH Erlang TCH Erlang TCH Erlang TCH
Offered Offered Offered Offered traffic traffic traffic traffic
traffic traffic traffic traffic forecast forecast forecast forecast proposed proposed proposed proposed config config config config
12, 743 450 call/hour
mean TCH call duration : 80
sec
blocking rate TCH : 0.8%
10,08 Erlang TCH 30 % offered traffic
increase
13,1 Erlang TCH - > 20 TCH
3 TRX
12,675 330 call/hour
mean TCH call duration 129
sec
blocking rate 4%
30 % offered traffic
increase
12,865 600 call/hour
mean TCH call duration 96
sec
blocking rate 8 %
30 % offered traffic
increase
1.310
B7
1.311
Radio Allocation and Management
w Radio resource allocation and management aims at :
managing pools of TCH resources by
evaluating the load and traffic situation of one cell
adapting the handling of resources according to these
evaluations
Allocating dedicated radio resource by :
determining the type of resource to be provided for a
request and checking the availability of such resource
selecting the best resource according to several criteria
B7
1.312
TCH allocation process
B7
TCH request
TCH rejected TCH queued
TCH allocation
TCH selection
channel type (FR,HR,DR)
speech version (FR, HR, EFR, AMR FR, AMR HR)
request type (NA or HO)
cell channel type capability
cell codec type capability
cell load
TCH free ?
Queuing ?
no yes
no yes
TCH pool (FR,DR,HR) selecting criteria
w Inputs for TCH allocation function :
w requirements from the MSC :
channel type (mandatory) is one of the following :
list of preferred speech version (optional) :
GSM full rate speech version 1 = FR
GSM full rate speech version 2 = EFR
GSM full rate speech version 3 = AMR FR
GSM half rate speech version 1 = HR
GSM half rate speech version 3 = AMR HR
w capabilities of the cell :
FR TCHs only if only FR TRXs / FR+HR TCHs if some DR TRXs
codec supported among : FR, EFR, AMR FR, HR , AMR HR
FR Full Rate only
HR Half Rate only
DR FR P NCA Dual Rate Full Rate Preferred No Changes Allowed after first channel allocation
as a result of the request
DR FR P CA Dual Rate Full Rate Preferred Changes Allowed after first channel allocation as a
result of the request
DR HR P NCA Dual Rate Half Rate Preferred No Changes Allowed after first channel allocation
as a result of the request
DR HR P CA Dual Rate Half Rate Preferred Changes Allowed after first channel allocation as a
DR SV P NCA Dual Rate No Changes of channel rate Allowed after first channel allocation as a
DR SV P CA Dual Rate Changes of channel rate Allowed after first channel allocation as a
1.313
TCH pools
w 3 pools of TCH resources are managed per cell :
Full Rate TCH pool containing the free resources of FR TRXs
Dual Rate TCH pool containing the free resources of DR TRXs
Half Rate TCH pool containing the free HR resources of DR
TRXs whose mate HR TCH is busy
w FR channels can be allocated on both FR and DR TRXs whereas
HR can only be allocated on DR TRXs
B7
1.314
Cell load influence
w TCH allocation with list of preferred speech versions
cell load = False
preferred SV list kept as given by the MSC
cell load = True
preferred SV list reordered : HR SV 1
st
, FR SV 2
nd
w TCH allocation without list of preferred speech versions
if DR HR Preferred request
try to allocate HR TCH
if DR FR Preferred request
try to allocate HR TCH if cell load = True
try to allocate FR TCH if cell load = False
B7
1.315
HR allocation and release
example of pool management : HR allocation and release
w HR pool preferred DR pool selected if HR pool empty
B7
DR HR
Request for a TCH HR Release of a TCH HR
BTS dual rate BTS dual rate
+1 TCH HR (2)
-1 TCH DR
(1)
(2)
(2)
(1) : Pool HR not empty
(2) : Pool HR empty
DR HR
-1TCH HR (1)
+ 1TCH DR
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1) : Associated HR free
(2) : Associated HR busy
+1TCH HR (2)
- 1 TCH HR (1)
FR
FR
1.316
FR / HR allocation
w FR / HR allocation discrimination for DR HR request
cell load AV_LOAD() computed from
load samples = (NB_BUSY_TS / NB_TS) * 100
non sliding window (LOAD_EV_PERIOD) averaging process

1 - RIOD LOAD_EV_PE
0 = i
i) e(k Load_sampl
RIOD LOAD_EV_PE
1
= AV_LOAD(k)
B7
100%
AV_LOAD()
THR_FR_LOAD_U_SV1
= 80%
THR_FR_LOAD_U_SV3
=60%
time
THR_FR_LOAD_L_SV1
=50%
THR_FR_LOAD_L_SV3
=40%
w Load samples are computed by the BSC every TCH_INFO_PERIOD = 5 seconds.
w LOAD_EV_PERIOD is the averaging window size for cell load computation. It is equal to 12 but can be changed at the OMC-
R on a per cel basis.
w Therefore cell load process has a periodicity of 1mn by default (TCH_INFO_PERIOD*LOAD_EV_PERIOD ).
w The allocation of Half rate resources is decided upon the load evaluation in the serving cell.
w AMR HR (HR SV3) offers a better speech quality than HR SV1. The Alcatel BSS offers thus the possibility to define a set of
thresholds specific for AMR. If the load increases, AMR HR capable MSs can be the first to be allocated in HR (HR SV3) for
load reasons, and if the load still increases, then all the MSs HR capable can be allocated in HR (HR SV1 & HR SV3) for load
reasons.
w That is why two variables of load are defined: LOAD_SV3 and LOAD_SV1.
w Each load variable is calculated through its own threshold set: the thresholds related to the variable LOAD_SV3
(THR_FR_LOAD_U_SV3 and THR_FR_LOAD_L_SV3). are less restrictive than the ones related to the variable LOAD_SV1
(THR_FR_LOAD_U_SV1 and THR_FR_LOAD_L_SV1).
w As a consequence, if the load of the cell increases, then the variable LOAD_SV3 will first equal TRUE, and if the load still
increases, the variable LOAD_SV1 will then equal TRUE.
w The variable LOAD_SV1 corresponds to a level of load where it is important to put as many MSs on half rate TCH as
possible: HR SV3 or HR SV1.
w The same computation is done to compute LOAD_SV3 with the thresholds: THR_FR_LOAD_U_SV3 and
THR_FR_LOAD_L_SV3 with the following relations :
w THR_FR_LOAD_L_SV3 THR_FR_LOAD_U_SV3
w THR_FR_LOAD_U_SV3 THR_FR_LOAD_U_SV1
w THR_FR_LOAD_L_SV3 THR_FR_LOAD_L_SV1
Previous state
AV_LOAD
LOAD_SV1 = FALSE LOAD_SV1 = TRUE
AV_LOAD THR_FR_LOAD_L_SV1 LOAD_SV1 = FALSE LOAD_SV1 = FALSE
THR_FR_LOAD_L_SV1 <
AV_LOAD
THR_FR_LOAD_U_SV1
LOAD_SV1 = FALSE LOAD_SV1 = TRUE
THR_FR_LOAD_U_SV1 < AV_LOAD LOAD_SV1 = TRUE LOAD_SV1 = TRUE
1.317
TCH pool selection
w TCH allocation without list of preferred speech versions
FR request : FR pool DR pool
HR request : HR pool DR pool
DR FR Preferred request :
cell load=False : FR pool DR pool HR pool
cell load=True : HR pool DR pool FR pool
DR HR Pref. request : HR pool DR pool FR pool
w TCH allocation with list of preferred speech versions
FR SV : FR pool DR pool
HR SV : HR pool DR pool
B7
1.318
TCH selection
w TCH is chosen from the selected pool according to the following
criteria :
B7
w Best quality of service for TCH calls is performed by selecting the TCH resources according to the following ordered criteria :
1. Exclusion of TS reserved for GPRS
In the PDCH groups defined by the BSC to support GPRS traffic, the TS consecutive to the already allocated
PDCHs (or the TS on the left side of the PDCH group if no PDCH is allocated) shall be put in the lowest
selection priority so that GRPS connections can be more easily established.
2. TS with highest Trx Preference Mark
According to the frequency plan, the coverage and interference probability of a cell (or according to
measurements) the operator may know which TRX should be a priori favoured for TCH selection. For that
purpose it is possible for operators to give preference mark to each TRX of a cell. This mark is given through
the parameters TRX_PREF_MARK (TPM) changeable at OMC-R side per TRX. The range of
TRX_PREF_MARK will be from 0 (lowest priority) to 7 (highest priority).
The TCH selection function favours the channels with the highest TPM.
3. TS with biggest Mobile Allocation
Considering that the number of frequencies is a key factor for the average quality of channels, the TCH
selection function favours the TS with the biggest MA (i.e. with the most frequencies in their frequency
hopping sequence). This selection criteria is enabled/disabled via the flag EN_MA_SELECTION changeable at
the OMC-R side on a per cell basis.
4. TS from best Interference Band
Considering that the uplink received level measured by the BTS on an idle channel is a means to assess the
quality when in connected mode, the TCH selection function favours the TS belonging to the best Interference
Band (IB). Five IBs are defined through 5 parameters INTFBD1 to INTFBD5 where INTFBD(i)< INTFBD(i+1)
and INTFBD5 = -47 all changeable at the OMC-R side on a per BTS basis.
5. TS with highest TS index on the TRX with highest TRX id
This last criterion allows to separate the TCH and PDCH allocations so as to avoid CS and PS conflicts on a
given TRX. Furthermore, it aims at optimising radio resource allocations to provide the best throughput for
GPRS traffic.
+ If more than one TRX is considered, select the TRX with the highest TRX-id.
+ If more than one timeslot is candidate, select the candidate TS having the highest timeslot index (at the
right side of the TRX).
1.319
MS access
w MS access types distribution (NA only)
TCH requests from FR only MS
TCNARQMN= C701A
TCH requests from DR MS
TCNARQBN= C701B
TCH requests from DR+EFR MS
TCNARQTN= C701C
TCH requests from AMR MS
TCNA3RQTN= C701D
TCH requests from Data calls
TCNARQDN= C701E
B7
Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Speech version and Channel type
These indicators can only be computed if PM Type 1 is activated.
The following indicators can also be computed :
Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests from FR mobiles over all TCH normal assignment requests from all
mobiles types
= TCNARQMTO = C701A / (C701A+C701B+C701C+C701D+C701E)
Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests from DR mobiles over all TCH normal assignment requests from all
mobiles types
= TCNARQBTO = C701B / (C701A+C701B+C701C+C701D+C701E)
Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests from DR+EFR mobiles over all TCH normal assignment requests
from all mobiles types
= TCNARQTTO = C701C / (C701A+C701B+C701C+C701D+C701E)
Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests from AMR mobiles over all TCH normal assignment requests from
all mobiles types
= TCNA3RQTTO = C701D / (C701A+C701B+C701C+C701D+C701E)
Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests for Data calls over all TCH normal assignment requests from all
mobiles types
= TCNARQDTO = C701E / (C701A+C701B+C701C+C701D+C701E)
1.320
Speech coding version
w Speech coding Version capabilities distribution (NA only)
TCH allocations with FR SV1
TCNACAFN= C702A
TCH allocations with HR SV1
TCNACAHN= C702B
TCH allocations with FR SV2 (EFR)
TCNACAEN= C702C
TCH allocations with FR SV3 (AMR FR)
TCNA3CAFN= C704A
TCH allocations with HR SV3 (AMR HR)
TCNA3CAHN= C704B
TCH allocations for data call
TCNACADN= C705
B7
These indicators can only be computed if PM Type 1 is activated.
Ratio of TCH allocations with FR SV1 over all TCH allocations during normal assignment
= TCNACAFTO = C702A / (C702A+C702B+C702C+C704A+C704B+C705)
Ratio of TCH allocations with HR SV1 over all TCH allocations during normal assignment
= TCNACAHTO = C702B / (C702A+C702B+C702C+C704A+C704B+C705)
Ratio of TCH allocations with EFR over all TCH allocations during normal assignment
= TCNACAETO = C702C / (C702A+C702B+C702C+C704A+C704B+C705)
Ratio of TCH allocations with AMR FR over all TCH allocations during normal assignment
= TCNA3CAFTO = C704A / (C702A+C702B+C702C+C704A+C704B+C705)
Ratio of TCH allocations with AMR HR over all TCH allocations during normal assignment
= TCNA3CAHTO = C704A / (C702A+C702B+C702C+C704A+C704B+C705)
Ratio of TCH allocations for Data calls over all TCH allocations during normal assignment
= TCNACADTO = C705 / (C702A+C702B+C702C+C704A+C704B+C705)
Rate of successful TCH allocations with AMR SV over all AMR MS requests
= TCNA3SUR = (C704A+C704B) / C701D
1.321
Distributions
w FR/HR calls distribution (NA+HO)
FR TCH allocation ratio
TCAHCAFO = MC370A / (MC370A+MC370B)
HR TCH allocation ratio
TCAHCAHO = MC370B / (MC370A+MC370B)
w NA/HO distribution
Normal Assignment TCH allocation ratio
TCNACAO = MC703 / (MC703 + [MC15A+MC15B])
Handover TCH allocation ratio
TCHOCAO = [MC15A+MC15B] / (MC703 + [MC15A+MC15B])
w TCH allocation distribution per TRX
Number of TCH allocations for Normal Assignment
TCNACAN = MC703
B7
Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Resource occupancy
MC370A = Number of FR TCH allocations (FR+EFR+AMR FR)
MC370B = Number of HR TCH allocations (HR+AMR HR)
MC703 = Number of TCH allocations for Normal Assignment.
MC15A = Number of TCH allocations for Internal Directed Retry.
MC15B = Number of TCH allocations for Handover (intra cell, internal, external).
TCNACAN indicator is also available as the MAX value of the day on A956-RNO tool.
Some of these indicators are also available for SDCCH :
SDCCH allocation distribution per TRX through the number of SDCCH allocations
+ SDAHCAN = MC390
SDCCH Assignment/HO distribution through the ratio of SDCCH allocations for Assignment
+ SDNACAO = MC148 / MC390
1.322
B7
1.323
TCH resource
w TCH resource occupancy
TCH traffic in Erlang
TCTRE= (MC380A+MC380B) / 3600
TCH mean holding time (TCH average duration)
TCTRMHT= (MC380A+MC380B) / (MC370A+MC370B)
FR TCH traffic in Erlang
TCTRE= MC380A / 3600
FR TCH mean holding time
TCTRFMHT= MC380A/ MC370A
HR TCH traffic in Erlang
TCTRE= MC380B / 3600
HR TCH mean holding time
TCTRHMHT= MC380B/ MC370B
B7
Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Resource occupancy
MC380A = Cumulated FR TCH duration per TRX
MC380B = Cumulated HR TCH duration per TRX
TCTRME = Multiband MS TCH traffic in Erlang = MC381 / 3600
TCTRSE = Singleband MS TCH traffic in Erlang = ([MC380A+MC380B] - MC381) / 3600
MC381 = Cumulated (FR+HR) TCH duration of Multiband mobiles per TRX
1.324
SDCCH / ACH resource
w SDCCH resource occupancy
SDCCH traffic in Erlang
SDTRE= MC400 / 3600
SDCCH mean holding time (SDCCH average duration)
SDTRMHT= MC400 / MC390
w ACH resource occupancy
ACH traffic in Erlang
C750 / 3600
ACH mean holding time (ACH average duration)
QSTRN =C750 / C751
B7
Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SDCCH traffic > Resource occupancy
MC400 = Cumulated SDCCH duration per TRX
MC380 = Number of SDCCH allocations per TRX
w C750 and C751 are 2 new counters introduced in B7 in type 18. Both of them are provided per TTCH (A channel) :
C750 = TIME_A_CHANNEL_BUSY : Time (in seconds) during which the A channel is busy (allocated)
C751 = NB_A_CHANNEL_ALLOC : Number of allocations of the A-channel
1.325
B7
1.326
SDCCH establishment
w SDCCH establishment cause distribution
Ratio of MT calls
TMMTO= MC01 / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
Ratio of MO normal and emergency calls
TMMTO= MC02H / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
Ratio of LU normal (resp. follow-on)
TMMOLUR = MC02A (resp. MC02D) / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
Ratio of IMSI detach
TMMOLUDR= MC02G / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
Ratio of Short Message Service
TMMOSMSR= MC02B / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
Ratio of Supplementary Service
TMMOSSR= MC02C / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
Ratio of Call re-establishment
TMMOCRR= MC02E / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS
B7
Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SDCCH traffic > Traffic model
SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS = Total number of SDCCH establishment for network access = MC01 + MC02
These indicators allow to get call mix data from network.
1.327
Mobiles penetration
w E-GSM mobiles penetration
Ratio of E-GSM MS access over all MS accesses (except LU)
TMMSEGR = MC706 / ([MC01+MC02]-[MC02A+MC02D+MC02G])
w Multiband mobiles penetration
Ratio of Multiband MS access over all MS accesses (except LU)
TMMSMBR = MC850 / ([MC01+MC02]-[MC02A+MC02D+MC02G])
w AMR mobiles penetration
Ratio of TCH allocation for AMR MS over all TCH allocations
TCTR3CATTO = MC704 / MC703
w TFO calls ratio
Ratio of successful TFO establishment over all TCH allocations
QSTRCCTR = MC170 / MC703
w Handover per Call
Number of Handovers (intra cell,internal,external) per Normal Assignment
TMHOCO = (MC717A+MC717B) / MC718
B7
Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SDCCH traffic > MS penetration rate
[MC01+MC02]-[MC02A+MC02D+MC02G] = Total number of initial accesses for call establishment (except
location update)
MC706 = Number of initial accesses for call establishment (except location update) of MS supporting the E-
GSM band
MC850 = Number of initial accesses for call establishment (except location update) of MS supporting two
frequency bands (ex: GSM900 and DCS1800)
MC703 = Total number of TCH allocations (FR+HR) for Normal Assignment
MC704 = Number of TCH allocations (FR+HR) for Normal Assignment of AMR mobiles only
MC170 = Number of TCH calls for which TFO has been successfully established
1.328
B7
1.329
Preemption principle
w Preemption attributes (in Assignment or HO Request) :
pci : preemption capability indication
indicates if the call can preempt another call (pci=1) or not
pvi : preemption vulnerability indication
indicates if the call is preemptable (pvi=1) or not
priority level : 1=highest priority / 14=lowest priority
w Preemption rules:
TCH request with pci=1 and priority level=p1 will pre-empt an on-going
call with pvi=1 and priority level=p2, p2 lower than p1 (whatever pci
value)
the on-going call with the lowest priority level value shall be elected first
and if several calls have the same lowest p2 value, one of them with pci
bit set to 0 is preferred
B7
w On Preemtion capable TCH Request occurrence :
1. TCH is established through Preemption if a lower priority level on-going call is preemptable. In this case the on-
going call is released and freed TCH is served to the new request.
2. If no preemption is possible :
A. If queuing is possible : the TCH request is queued and either Directed Retry or Fast Traffic HO can be
performed.
B If queuing is not possible : the TCH request is rejected and an ASSIGNMENT or HANDOVER FAILURE "no
radio resource available" message is sent to the MSC.
1.330
Preemption counters
w MC921A = Number of TCH Requests with the capability to
preempt another call with lower priority (pci=1)
w MC921B = Number of preemption capable TCH Requests
(pci=1) served with TCH resource (with or without using the
preemption feature).
w MC921C = Number of preempted calls
w MC921D = Number of preemption capable TCH Request (pci=1)
successfully served in a neighbour cell with the help of the
directed retry procedure
w MC921E = Number of preemptable calls successfully
established (pvi=1)
B7
GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS> RTCH > Preemption feature
1.331
w Preemption capable TCH Request rejection rate
TCPPFLCR = (MC921A-MC921B-MC921D) / MC921A
w Ratio of preemption capable TCH Request which led to a
successful Directed Retry
TCPPDSUCR = MC921D / MC921A
w Ratio of preemptable calls established over all calls
TCPPSUVO = MC921E / (MC718+MC717A+MC717B)
B7
GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS> RTCH > Preemption feature
1.332
Thank you for answering
the self-assessment
of the objectives sheet
Introduction to QoS and Traffic Load monitoring / B7
Evaluation
w Objective : to be able to interpret :
- Global indicators, in order to assess the general quality
of the network
- Detailed indicators, in order to detect / identify / locate
the main malfunctions
- Handover indicators, in order to quantify efficiency and
reason of HO
- Directed retry indicators, in order to quantify efficiency
of directed retry
- Indicators provided by the new RMS feature to ease
radio optimization and fault detection
- Traffic indicators, in order to detect/predict overload and
compute adequate cell dimensioning as well as to
understand how RTCH resources are used in the
network
w
1.333
Radio Measurement Reporting
ANNEX 1
1.334
w Radio measurement mechanisms
MS connected (TCH or SDCCH)
The serving cell gives to MS the list of neighbour cells to
listen
Every SACCH, MS reports to serving cell : measurement
report message
Received level of 6 best cells (which can change)
DL level and quality of serving cell
Meas
t
Report
1.335
w Radio measurement mechanisms
For each MS connected to the BTS (TCH or SDCCH)
BSC
DL measurements UL+DL measurements
UL received level and quality is measured every SACCH
The TA (Time advance) is computed
The UL information is gathered to measurement report
this is the message result sent by BTS to BSC
Meas
t
Report
Meas
t
Result
1.336
w Measurement Result message
L1 Info
L3 Info
Measurement
Report
From the MS
Back
w Basically, the MEASUREMENT RESULT message is composed of :
L1 info : SACCH Layer 1 header containing MS_TXPWR_CONF and TOA.
L3 info : MEASUREMENT REPORT from the MS. This message contains the downlink measurements and neighbour
cell measurements.
Uplink measurements performed by the BTS,
BTS power level used.
w SUB frames correspond to the use of DTX
if the mobile is in DTX the rxlevsub or rxqualsub is used to avoid to measure the ts where there is nothing to transmit
in order not to false measurements
else rxlevfull is used that is to say all TS are measured
w MS TXPOWER CONF : what is the actual power emitted by the MS
w TOA is timing advance
w SACCH BFI: bad frame indicator; 2 values 0 or 1; 0 means that the BTS succeeded in decoding the measurement report from
the MS
w How the neighbour cells are coded:
BCCH1index in BA list /BSIC1; BCCH2 index in BA list/BSIC2. Why ? Because when the mobile is connecting to a
new cell it does not receive LAC/CI (too long ) but the list of BCCH frequencies of the neighbours (in Band Allocation :
BA list). When it reports the radio measurements it gives the index of the BCCH frequency in the BA list instead of
BCCH ARFCN due to the length in case of 1800 frequency coding. Besides the mobile may report a BCCH index /
BSIC which does not correspond to a neighbour cell. Of course the BSC will not trigger any handover except if this
BCCH index / BSIC couple correspond to a neighbour cell.
1.337
Extended Measurement Reporting
ANNEX 2
(MAFA)
B7
1.338
w Extended Measurement Reporting is a feature allowing the BSS
to request a MS to measure and report up to 21 frequencies of
the band that are not included in its BA list
w Such phase 2+ mobiles must support the optional MAFA feature
(Mobile Assisted Frequency Allocation)
B7
1.339
MS BTS BSC MSC
< -----------------------------------
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST
< --------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------- >
< --------------------------------------------------------
(EMO included)
-------------------------------------------------------- >
.
.
TCH establishment.
--------TCH---------> .
ASSIGNT COMPLETE ------------------------------------------------------- >
ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE ----------------------------------- >
<------SACCH-------- ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
--------SACCH------>
<------SACCH--------
--------SACCH------>
<-------SACCH--------
EMO
(MAFA freq. List)
--------SACCH------>
EMR
(MAFA freq. RxLev)
<------SACCH--------
--------SACCH------>
w Extended Measurement Reporting mechanisms
Extended Measurement
Order includes the MAFA
frequencies the MS is
asked to measure
EMO sent once to MS on
SACCH after TCH seizure
Extended Measurement
Results includes the
average signal level
measured on each MAFA
frequency over one SACCH
mf duration
EMR received once per call
on SACCH
Back
B7
w When the BTS receives a CHANNEL ACTIVATION with the EMO (Extended Measurement Order) included, it shall send this
information on the SACCH to the corresponding mobile only once.
w When the BTS has to send this information, it shall replace the sending of system information 5, 5bis, 5ter or 6 by this
information. At the next SACCH multi-frame, the BTS shall resume the sending of these system informations by the replaced
one.
w The EMO shall be send after 2 complete sets of SYS_INFO5 and 6, i.e. after the 2
nd
SYSINFO 6 after the reception of SABM.
This guarantees the MS has received a complete set.
w Then, the BTS normally receives from the MS an EXTENDED MEASUREMENT RESULT with the level of the frequencies to
monitor. The BTS shall make the correlation between these levels and the frequencies contained in the latest EMO
information, after having decoded them, according to the order of the ARFCN. The EXTENDED_MEASUREMENT_RESULT
is NOT forwarded to the BSC, instead a MEASUREMENT_RESULT with indication no_MS_results is sent to the BSC.
w In particular, the BTS shall identify the level of the BCCH frequency of the serving cell (which shall always be part of the
frequencies to monitor) and apply it as the RXLEV_DL in the Radio Measurement Statistics. The other frequencies will be
considered in the same way as BCCH frequency of neighbour cells : they will be linked to neighbour level and C/I statistics.
1.340
ANNEX 3
GSM BSS Protocol Stacks
1.341
w Signalling Links
A-Interface MT-Link Signalling #7 System with SCCP
MSC BSC
BSC
BTS
Abis Interface RSL with LAPD Protocol
BTS
MS
Air-Interface (CCCH/SACCH/FACCH) with LAPDm Protocol
BSC OMC-R
OML Link with X25 connection LAPB Protocol
1.342
The reference Model
7 Application
6 Presentation
4 Transport
5 Session
2 Data Link
3 Network
1 Physical
User of Transport Service
Transport Service Network
Service
1.343
w Layer 1
Physical; Responsible for the transparent transmission of
information across the physical medium. (HDB3, PCM, AMI)
w Layer 2
Data Link; Responsible for providing reliable transfer
between the terminal and network (#7, LAPD)
w Layer 3
Network; responsible for setting up and maintaining the
connection across a network (CM, MM, RR, Message
routing)
1.344
w Layer 4
Transport; responsible for the control of quality of service
(Layer of information)
w Layer 5
Session; Handles the co-ordination between the user
processes (Set up transfer of information)
w Layer 6
Presentation; responsible for ensuring that the information
is presented to the eventual user in a meaningful way
(Type format. Ex. ASCII)
w Layer 7
Application; provides user interface to lower levels
(Operating System)
1.345
BTS
PSTN
ISDN
Air Intfc Abis Intfc A Intfc B .. F Intfc
MS
BSC MSC
CM
MM
RR
LAPDm
digit
radio
RR BSSAP
LAPDm LAPD
digit
radio
64 kb/s 64 kb/s 64 kb/s 64 kb/s
LAPD
RR
BTSM
BSSAP
CM
MM
BSSAP
SCCP
MTP
SCCP
MTP
LAYER 2
LAYER 1
LAYER 3
w BSS protocol stacks
1.346
Couche
SSCS
SSTM 3
SSTM 2
SSCS
SSTM 3
SSTM 2
SSGT
MAP
SSGT
MAP
SSCS
SSTM 3
SSTM 2
IT MIC
DTAP
SSCS
SSTM 3
SSTM 2
IT MIC
DTAP
LAPD LAPDm LAPD
SS (SMS) SS (SMS)
BSS
MAP
MM
CC
BSS
MAP
RR
RR
RR' BTSM BTSM
LAPDm
(SMS)
SS
CC
MM
(Relais)
MS BTS BSC MSC / VLR
NSS
(ex. : HLR)
Um A bis A (D)
1
2
3
(Relais)
Physique
64 kbit/s
ou IT MIC
64 kbit/s
ou IT MIC
IT MIC IT MIC
Couche
Physique
w BSS protocol stacks (detailed)
1.347
w Signalling on the A-Interface
Uses #7 with SCCP (Signalling Connection Control Part)
with a new Application BSSAP (Base Station Application
Part). BSSAP devides in DTAP (Direct Transfer Application
Part) and BSSMAP (Base Station Subsystem Management
Application Part)
DTAP
BSSMAP
SCCP
MTP 1-3
User Data
Layer 1-3
BSSAP
1.348
w BSSMAP
Contains the messages, which are exchanged between the BSC and
MSC and which are evaluated from the BSC.
In fact all the messages, which are exchanged as RR (Radio Resource
Management Services between the MSC,BSC and MS. Also control
Informations concerning the MSC and BSC.
Example: Paging, HND_CMD, Reset
w DTAP
Messages which are exchanged between a NSS and a MS transparent.
In this case the BSC transfers the messages without evaluation
transparent. Manly Messages from MM (Mobility Management) and CC
(Call control)
1.349
w Relationship between DTAP, CC,MM,BSSMAP,RR
MS
BSS
MSC
Call Control (CC) DTAP
Radio Resource (RR)
BSSMAP
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Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 0473 VH ZZA Ed.05 Page 1.

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