SANS1200M

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UDC 624(083.75) ICS 93;01.120

SOUTH AFRICAN BUREAU OF STANDARDS STANDARDIZED SPECIFICATION
SABS 1200 MA996 First revlslon
for
CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION
M :ROADS (GENERAL)
Approved by the President of the South African Bureau of Standards on 24 June 1996
Obtainable from the South African Bureau of Standards Private Bag X191 Pretoria Republic of South Africa 0001
Telegrams : Comparator, Pretoria : 321308SA Telex Fax (012) 344-1568

Published and printed in the Republic of South Africa by the South African Bureau of Standards
ISBN 0-626-10583-8
Gr 12
This eStandard is exclusively for use on one standalone PC. To access it from a file server/Intranet constitutes a violation of SABS copyright rules. Note that only one printout of the standard may be made.
SABS 1200 M:1996 Roads (general) Contents

Page
1 2
4 5 6
Interpretations .................................................................................. Supporting specifications .................................................................... 2.1 2.2 Definitions ............................................................................... 2.3 Abbreviations ............................................................................ Materials ...................................................................................... Quality ................................................................................. 3.1 Responsbilityfor location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . 3.2 Aggregate for road layers and surfaang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 3.3.1 Singlesized crushed aggregate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. , . 3.3.2 Aggregate for slurry seal . . . . . . 3.3.3 Aggregates far pavement layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.4 Aggregate for watetbound macadam 3.3.5 Sdublesalts ............................................................................. 3.3.6 Chernicalmodification ...................................................................... 3.3.6.1 Plasticityindex ........................................................................... 3.3.6.2 Solublesalts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plant ....................................................................................... Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 Tolerances not cumulative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 6.2 Frequency of checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processcontrol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 7.3 Routine inspection and testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 7.4 Compactioncontrol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measurementandpayment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
soe cp
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1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 4 4 6 6 11
11
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13
Drawings M.l M.2 M.3 M.4 M.5 M.6 Cross-section of dual and single carriageway roads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typical road cross-section . . . . . . . . . ............................ Road drainage . . .... .... .................... Access interchang ................................................. ....... Systems interchange (semi-direct type with two loops) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Designated levels and thickness tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14 15 16 17 19
Appendices A Applicable standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statistical judgement plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................................ ............................
20 21
First Revision 24 June 1996. This specifition supersedes SAW 1200 M-1981
~~~-
STANDARDIZED SPECIFICATION
~~ ~
SABS 1200 MA996
Civil Engineering Construction M: Roads (general)

1 Scope
This specification covers definitions, materials, tolerances and testing applicable to the construction of the controlled layers and surfacing of urban and industrial roads. NOTE - The publications referred to in the specification are listed in appendix A.
2 Interpretation
2.1 Supporting specifications 2.1.1 This specification is requiredfor any project for which any of the following specifications form part of the contract document: a) SABS 1200 DM; b) SABS 1200 ME;
c) SABS 1200 MFH') or SABS 1200 MFL or both, as applicable; and d) SABS 1200 MG or SABS 1200 MH or both, as applicable. 2.1.2 In addition to the applicable of the specifications referred to in 2.1.1, the following specifications shall form part of the contract document: a) project specification; b) SABS 1200 A or SABS 1200 AA, as applicable; and c) SABS 1200 D. SABS 1200 C may form part of the contract document. 2.2 Definitions2) For the purposes of this specification the definitions and abbreviations set out in the applicable of the specifications listed in 2.1 and the following definitions apply (See drawings M.l to M.5): 2.2.1 Acceptance control: Control testing and the assessment of the results of tests done (by the Engineer or by an approved laboratory) to determine whether or not the quality of the material produced or the work done complies with the requirements of the relevant specifications. 2.2.2 Aggregate: Material formed by the natural disintegration of rock, or produced by the mechanical crushing or milling of rock. 2.2.3 Base (basecourse): A layer of specified material of designed thickness (see SABS 1200 MFH') and SABS 1200 MFL) that is placed immediately below the bituminous, asphalt or concrete surface. Breakline: The line of intersection of the surface of a cut or fill slope and that of the shoulder, verge or 2.2.4 natural ground surface. 2.2.5 Breakpoint: Any point on the breakline. 2.2.6 Camber: The convexity given to the curved cross-section of a roadway or footway. 2.2.7 Carriageway: See Roadway. 2.2.8 Channel: Any made-up profile in the road reserve, constructed to collect and convey run-off water. 2.2.9 Coarse aggregate: Aggregate of particle size such that it is retained on a sieve of nominal aperture size 4,75mrn. 2.2.10 Commercial source: A quarry operated by others for commercial purposes, 2.2.11 Controlled layer: The selected layer, the subbase or the base. 2.2.12 Crossfall: The difference in level (measured transversely) between two specified points on a surface. (Crossfall is usually expressed as a ratio of one vertical linear unit to a specified number of horizontal linear units.) 2.2.13 Cross slope: The slope of the natural ground surface in the transverse direction within the road reserve. 2.2.14 Crown: The highest portion or vertex of the cross-section of a cambered roadway or footpath or sidewalk. 2.2.15 Cut: An excavation or the material excavated.
1)
2)
In course of preparation. For road usage and traffic control terms, see section M of S A W 0120-3.
SABS 1200 M:l996
Roads (general)
2.2.1 6 Drain: a) A pipe, a closed void or a closed structure manufactured or constructed for the conveyance of water. b) See channel. 2.2.17 Earthworks: All operations involved in loosening, removing, depositing or compacting earth, soil or rock. 2.2.18 Edglng: A strip constructed adjacent to and finished below or flush with a roadway surface and intended to give lateral support to the pavement. 2.2.19 Fill: a) Imported material that is placed above the roadbed (see drawing M.2) and on which the selected layer, subbase, base, shoulders and, in the case of a dual carriageway, the median are or might be constructed. b) Material that is imported to replace unsuitable material excavated from the roadbed. 2.2.20 Fine aggregate: The portion of material that passes a sieve of nominal aperture size 4,75 mm. 2.2.21 Footpath: A strip constructed for the use of pedestrians. Usually set off or away from the roadway. (The terms footway and walkway are also used.) 2.2.22 Footway: A strip constructed for the use of pedestrians. (The terms sidewalk, footpath and walkway are also used.) 2.2.23 Formatlon level; subgrade level: The finished level of the selected layer. 2.2.24 Formation width: The width of the top of the selected layer, excluding any topsoil blinding layers. 2.2.25 Furrow: Any unlined excavation formed or shaped to collect and convey water. 2.2.26 Grade; grade level: The level of the top of a subgrade onto which any subbase or base is to be constructed direct. 2.2.27 Gradlng modulus (GM): The cumulative fractions of material retained on sieves of nominal aperture size 2,O mm, 0,425 mm and 0,075 mm. 2.2.28 Gravel wearing course: The final course of an unsurfaced roadway. 2.2.29 Ground level: The reduced level of any particular point on the surface of an area undisturbed by or prior to any specific construction operation. 2.2.30 Lot: A portion of work or a quantity of material produced that is assessed as a unit for the purpose of acceptance control and that is selected to represent, as far as possible, material or work produced under conditions which did not vary significantly during the process of production. (A typical lot could be a days work.) 2.2.31 Mechanical modification: The operation of mixing two or more materials from different borrow sources in specified or ordered proportions, to obtain a material with specified properties. 2.2.32 Mitre draln (channel) or bank: A drain (channel) or a bank constructed at an angle to the centreline of a road, to divert water from a side drain (channel) or from the road reserve. 2.2.33 Natural fines: An in-situfine material nominally passing a 4,75mm sieve that complies with certain specified requirements for PI and LL. 2.2.34 Natural gravel: An in-situ material that complies with certain specified requirements for aggregate grading, PI and CBR. (See 3.3.1 of SABS 1200 MFL.) 2.2.35 Overburden: Material within a borrow pit area, that is unsuitable or that is not required for any construction purposes but has to be removed to permit access to the required material. 2.2.36 Pavement: The layers of material above the subgrade that support the roadway. (These layers usually consist of subbase, base and surfacing.) 2.2.37 Process control: Control testing and assessment of the test results by the Contractor on a continuous basis during construction, in order to determine whether the construction process and the material used will produce a construction of a quality that compties with the requirements of the relevant specification. 2.2.38 Proof density: The density achieved after the application of a specified method of compaction. 2.2.39 Random sample: The sampling positions or portions that represent the material of a lot and that are so determined that every position or portion in a lot has an equal chance of being selected for sampling. 2.2.40 Relative compaction: The ratio of dry field density to a laboratory defined maximum dry density. 2.2.41 Roadbed: The surface of the in-situ material that forms the floor on which the subgrade is constructed and that lies within the road prism between two planes that contain the outer shoulder breakpoints and slope downwards and outwards, as shown on drawing M.2. 2.2.42 Road prism: The area of construction between the outer lines of the slopes of cuttings, fills, and side channels or toe channels (as applicable) up to formation level and including all structures and other features necessary for proper drainage and protection, but excluding the subbase, base and surfacing.
SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)
2.2.43 Road reserve: That portion of land between defined boundaries, including, when relevant, roadways, sidewalks, footpaths, verges and traffic islands, that is reserved for a public thoroughfare and other public facilities. 2.2.44 Roadway (Carriageway): A portion of the road reserve that is constructed between channels, kerbs, edging or shoulders, as applicable, and that is intended for use by vehicular traffic. NOTE - The term roadway includes any road, street, lane, crescent, cul de sac, close, place, court, square, way, grove, terrace, avenue, loop, circle, boulevard, arterial, drive, motorway, freeway, bypass, ring road, highway or collector. (See drawings M.1, M.4, and M.5.) 2.2.45 Sand (cohesionless and non-cohesive): For the purposes of the compaction requirements, a non-plastic material of which not less than 95 % (by mass) passes a sieve of nominal aperture size 4,75 mm, and not more than 10 % (by mass) passes a sieve of nominal aperture size 0,075 mm. 2.2.46 Selected layer: The top layer of the subgrade that consists of selected material of specified thickness. 2.2.47 Shoulder: The portion of a roadway adjacent to the travelled way that is intended for the emergency use of vehicles. 2.2.48 Side drain (channel): A longitudinal drain (channel) parallel to a carriageway, between the shoulder and an adjacent excavation slope or natural ground. 2.2.49 Sidewalk: A strip constructed for the use of pedestrians, usually immediately adjacent to the roadway. (The terms footway, walkway and pavement are sometimes used.) 2.2.50 Slightly plastic (SP): Descriptive of a material that has a PI not exceeding 3. 2.2.51 Subbase: A layer of specified material of designed thickness, that is placed between the subgrade and the base. 2.2.52 Subgrade: The completed earthworks within a road prism before the construction of any subbase, base and surfacing. 2.2.53 Subgrade level: See Formation level. 2.2.54 Surfacing: The layer or layers of processed material constructed upon the completed base. (Surfacing is sometimes referred to as "wearing course".) 2.2.55 Topsoil: The surface layer of soil that has a humus content such that the soil is usually capable of supporting vegetation. 2.2.56 Travelled way: The portion of a roadway intended for the normal passage of vehicles. 2.2.57 Type: The quality classification for pavement layer materials, determined from the material properties such as G3 or C3, etc. 2.2.58 Verge: The portion of a road reserve between the roadway or, where applicable, the outside edge of a footway, and the adjacent boundary. 2.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of this specification, the abbreviations set out in the applicable specifications listed in 2.1 and the following abbreviations apply: 2.3.1 DOT: Department of Transport 2.3.2 DRTT : Division of Roads and Transport Technology 2.3.3 GM : Grading modulus (see definition in 2.2) 2.3.4 SP : Slightly plastic (see definition in 2.2) 2.3.5 TMH : Technical methods for highways3) 2.3.6 TRH : Technical recommendations for highways3) 2.3.7 UCS : Unconfined compressive strength
3 Materials
3.1 Quality The quality and the physical properties of each material used in the construction of a road shall be equal to or better than those of a material that complies with the requirements of the relevant standardized specification. 3.2 Responsibility for location Except where specific sources of materials for controlled layers are designated or specified in the project specification, the Contractor shall be responsible for locating sources of suitable materials in sufficient quantities for the purposes of the contract.
3) Published by the Department of Transport.
SABS 1200 M:l996 Roads (general)

Aggregate for road layers and surfacing 3.3 3.3.1 Slngie-sized crushed aggregate Except that argillaceous rocks are not suitable and pedocrete shall only be used if permitted in terms of the project specification, aggregate for surface treatment and for asphalt shall comply with the relevant requirements of table 1 for the nominal size and grade specified.
SABS 1200 M:1996 Roads (general)

Table 1 Sin! le-sized crushed aggregate
1
Property 3rading, % (by mass) of material passing ;ieves of nominal aperture size, mm 75,O 3rades 1 & 2
Nominal size of aggregate
I.
53,O 375 26,5

19,o 13,2 975
67 3
4,75 2,36 3ade 3 Iines content, material passing a 0,425 mm Grade 1 sieve, YO(by mass), max. Grade 2 Grade 3
lust content, material passing a 0,075 mm Grade 1 sieve, YO(by mass), max. Grade 2
Grade 3 7akiness index, rnax. aggregate for surface treatment and for a) asphalt Grade 1 Grades 2 & 3 3) aggregate for rolled-in chips All grades
10 Ol0 FACT value (dry), kN, min. [wetldry] 2) aggregate for surface treatment, for open graded asphalt and for rolled-in chips aggregate for asphalt other than open 3) graded
20
210 [75 YO] 160 [75 Yo]* '170 [70 YO] diamictites (e.g. tillite) for
4ggregate crushing value (ACV) (dry), YO(by nass), max. aggregate for surface treatment, for 3) open graded asphalt and for rolled-in chips 3) aggregate for asphalt 'olished stone value6), min.
21 25
4'
50
4) 5)
6)
No specified value available. Not a prequired property. Polished stone values only apply if required in terms of the project specification.

3.3.2 Aggregate for slurry seal Aggregate for use in slurry seal shall be an approved crusher sand obtained from a parent rock that has an ACV not exceeding 30 or a mixture that consists of such crusher sand and not more than 25 % of approved clean natural sand. The aggregate shall be clean, tough, durable and angular, and shall comply with the relevant grading requirements of table 2 for the slurry and the grade or type of aggregate specified.
Table 2 Grading limits of aggregate for slurry seal
3
Fine slurry
5
Coarse slurry
Nominal aperture sire of sieve
Fine grade
Medium grade
Coarse grade
Type 1
Type 2
mm 13,2
6,700
2.360 1,180 0,600
The sand equivalent, determined in accordance with SABS method 838 (TMH 1 method B19), shall be at least 35. The immersion index, determined in accordance with TMH 1 method C5, of briquettes made with the slurry aggregate and 80/100 penetration grade (road grade B10) bitumen at the specified net bitumen content for the slurry, shall be at least 75. 3.3.3 Aggregates for pavement layers Aggregate in the compacted pavement layers shall comply with the requirements of table 3A or table 3B, as applicable, for the type and nominal size of material specified.
SABS 1200 M:l996
Roads (general)
Table 3A Natural aggregate for pavement layers (G1 to G4)
1 2 G1 Sound rock from an approved quarry, or clean, sound mine rock from mine dumps, or clean sound boulders Only fines crushed from the same sound parent rock may be added for grading correction, provided that added fines have an LL not exceeding 25 and a P not I exceeding 4
4 5 G3 G4 G2 Sound rock, boulders or Sound rock, boulders or Natural gravel or coarse gravel coarse gravel natural gravel and boulders which may require crushing
Criteria
Parent material
Additional fines
May contain up to 10 Vo (by mass) of approved natural fines not obtained from parent rock, where required to improve grading. Added fines shall have an LL not exceeding 25 and a PI not exceeding 6
May contain up to 15 oo / (by mass) of approved natural fines not obtained from parent rock, where required to improve grading or Atterberg limits or both. Added fines shall have an LL not exceeding 25 and a PI not exceeding 6
May contain approved natural fines not obtained from parent rock. Added fines shall have an LL not exceeding 25 and a PI not exceeding 6
Strength
10 9'0 fines aggregate crushing value (10 Y FACT), determined in o accordance with SABS method 842 (TMH 1 method B2), shall be at least the appropriate value in column 3 of table 4. The aggregate crushing value (ACV), determined in accordance with SABS method 841 (TMH 1 method Bl), shall not exceed the appropriate value in table 5.
CBR at 98 o/o Mod. AASHTO max. density shall be at least 80 %. Swell at 100 'o Mod. Y AASHTO max. density shall not exceed 0,2 oo for all materials / except calcretes, in which case it shall not exceed 0,5%. See table 6
DurabiIity Shape
See columns 3, 4 and 5 of table 4
The flakiness index, determined in accordance with SABS 847 (TMH 1 Alluvial and colluvial method B3T), shall not exceed 35 on each of the -26,5 mm +19 mm gravels shall be fraction and the -19 mm +13.2 mrn fraction crushed All faces shall be For crushed materials, at least 50 Yo (by mass) of ie fractions retained fractured faces on each standard sieve of 4,75 mm and larger. shall have at least one fractured face
LL shall not exceed 25. Except that the arithmetic mean of the results for a lot (min. 6 tests) shall not exceed 4, the PI shall not exceed 5. LS shall not exceed 2 %. If the PI of the minus 0,075 mm fraction exceeds 12, see 3.3.6. Soluble salts See 3.3.5(a). Grading See table 8.
Atterberg limits
LL shall not exceed 25. Except that the arithmetic mean of the results for a lot (min. 6 tests) shall not exceed 45, the PI shall not exceed 6. LS shall not exceed 3 %. If the PI of the minus 0,075mm fraction exceeds 12, see 3.3.6.
LL shall not exceed 25. LL shall not exceed PI shall not exceed 6, 25. PI shall not except in the case of exceed 6, except in
calcrete, in which case it shall not exceed 8. LS shall not exceed 3 %. the case of calcrete, in which case it shall not exceed 8. LS shall not exceed 3 %. For calcretes, the product of LS and the percentage passing a 0,425 mm sieve shall not exceed 170.

Table 38 Natural aggregate for pavement layers (G5 to G7)
2 1 G5 Mteria 'arent material Natural gravel or natural gravel and boulders which may require crushing, or crushed rock
9dditional fines May contain approved natural fines not obtained from parent rock CBR at 95 oo of Mod. AASHTO / Strength max. density shall be at least 45 %. Swell at 100 oo of Mod. AASHTO / max. density shall not exceed 0,5%. Mudrocks shall have a wet 10 Ol0 Durability FACT value of at least 90 kN and a wet/dry Venter test class7) of I or II. Shape
G6 67 Natural material Jatural gravel or natural !ravel and boulders which nay require crushing, or :rushed rock day contain approved natural ines not obtained from parent nrp5) .ock CBR at 93 Yo of Mod. 2BR at 95 % of Mod. AASHTO max. density shall 4ASHTO max. density shall be at least 15 %. )8 at least 25 %. Swell at 100 oo of Mod. / Swell at 100 Yo of Mod. 9ASHTO max. density shall AASHTO max. density shall not exceed 1 3 %. lot exceed 1,O %.
Mudrocks shall have a wet 10 Vo FACT value of at least 30 kN and a wet/dry Venter est class7) of I or 11. Mudrocks shall have a wet 10 Y0 FACT value of at least 60 kN and a wet/dry Venter test class7) of I, II or 111.
All alluvial or colluvial material shall be so crushed that at least (50 Yo by mass) of the fraction retained on the 4,75 mm sieve has at least one fractured face. Atterberg limits LL shall not exceed 30. PI shall not exceed 10, except that for materials other than mudrocks, the PI shall not exceec 12 if less than 30 Y of the O sample passes the 2,OO mm sieve. LS shall not exceed 5 %. In the case of calcretes, the PI shall not exceed 15, provided tha the LS does not exceed 6 YOand the product of the LS and the percentage passing the 0,425 mn sieve does not exceed 320. The maximum size of crushed Size material shall be 53 mm before compaction. The maximum size c uncrushed material shall be 63 mm.
nrp5)
'I shall not exceed 12 or the ialue equal to twice the yading modulus plus 10, Nhichever is the higher value. ,S shall not exceed
5 %. In the case of calcretes, the PI shall not exceed 15, wovided that the LS does not sxceed 6 % and the product 3f the LS and the percentage oassing the 0,425 mm sieve does not exceed 320.
PI shall not exceed 12 or the value equal to 3 times the grading modulus plus 10, whichever is the higher dalue.
Grading
Soluble salts
5)
The percentage (by mass) passing the 2O mm sieve shall ,O be not less than 20 o/o and not more than 70 %. Grading modulus shall be not les! than 1,5 and not more than 25. See 3.3.5(a)
In the case of calcretes, the PI shall not exceed 17, provided that the LS does not exceed 7 O/O and the product of the LS and the percentage passing the 0,425 mm sieve does not exceed 320. The maximum size of crushec The maximum size of crushed material shall be material shall be 63 mm 75 mm before compaction. before compaction. The The maximum size of maximum size of uncrushed material shall be two-thirds of uncrushed material shall be two-thirds of the compacted the compacted layer layer thickness. thickness. Grading modulus shall be not Grading modulus shall be not less than 0,75 and not less than 1,2 and not more more than 2,7. than 2,6.
nrp5)
7)
See p.5. Venter, JP, Guidelines for the use of mudrocks in road construction in South Africa. CSIR, DRTT, Pretoria, January 1989. See also 4.2 of section M of SABS 0120-3.
SABS 1200 M:1996 Roads (generial)

Table 4 10 % fines aggregate crushlng
~
2
Matrlx
Rock type
Dry kN, min.
Arenaceous rock
Non-siliceous cementing material Siliceous cementing material
w
4
kN, min.
Wetldry relationship %, min. 75
I
I
110
200 180 125
Diamictite (tilIite) Argillaceous rock*) Other rock types
II
I I
75
70
-4)
110
75
Table 5 Aggregate crushing value

~ ~~
2
ACV %, max.
Rock type Arenaceous: without siliceous cementing matrix Arenaceous: with siliceous cementing matrix Diamictite (tiIIite) Argillaceous rock') Other rock types
27
29
21
24
29
4)
8)
See p.5.
Argillaceous rock is only to be used if so permitted in the project specification.
SABS 1200 MA996 Roads (general)

Table 6 Durability requirementsfor 0 4 material
1
2
Members of group
Basalt Dolerite Gabbro Gneiss Granite Chert Hornfels Quartzite Arkose Conglomerate Sandstone Siltstone Mudrock Phyllite Shale Dolomite Limestone Marble Greywacke Tillite Calcrete Ferricrete Silcrete
~~ ~~ ~~~
3
Durability Mill Index (maximum)
125
Percentage that passes Group

Basic crystalline rock
0,425 mm sieve after the
Durability Mill test (maximum)
35
35
Acid crystalline rock High silica rock
420
420 (clav mineral kaolin)
35
35 (increase from original not more than 15 %)
35
Sandstone
125
Mudrock
125
Carbonate rock
nrp4)
nrp4)
Diamictite Pedogenic material
125
35
480
~~ ~~
40
Table 7 Chemically stabilized aggregate for pavement layers

1
Criteria Material before treatment
3 2 c1 c2 Fxcept for grading, Except for grading, 9s for G2 a&for G2, G3 or
4 c3
I
As for G5 or G6
c4
Atterberg limits after treatment Design Strength, MPa, Laboratory UCS a) at 100 O Mod. h 6 min. - 12 max. AASHTO max. density 4 min. - 6 max. b) at 97 % Mod. AASHTO max. density Indirect tensile strength, kPa, at 100 Vo Mod. AASHTO max. density Grading See table 8
PI shall not exceed 6.
3 min. - 6 max.
1,5 min. - 3,O max.
0,75min. - 1,5 max.

0,5 min. - 1 max.
2 min. - 4 max.
I
1 min. - 2 max.
4)
250 min.
200 min.
Max. size shall be 63 mm or two-thirds of the compacted layer thickness, whichever is the smaller. (Max. size of crushed material shall be 53 mm.)
4)
See p.5.
10
SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)
Table 8 Grading envelope
Nomlnai aperture size of sieve
19,o 13.2
71 - 8 4 59 - 75
a5 - 95
71 - 8 4
60 90
0-5
50 - 85
I I
334 ..
~~~
4,75
1 1
36 - 5 3 23 - 40 11 - 2 4 4-12
I I
42 - 60 27 - 45 13 - 27 5-12
I I
30 - 65 20 - 50 10 - 30 5-15
I I
2,oo
0,425 0,075
Aggregate for waterbound macadam Coarse aggregate for waterbound macadam shall comply with the requirements for type G1 material as specified in 3.3.3 and with the grading specified for type WM in table 8. Fine aggregate used as filler in a waterbound macadam base shall consist of sandy soil, dune sand or other material approved by the Engineer, which can be vibrated in a dry condition and slushed to fill the voids of the compacted coarse aggregate. It shall have a) a liquid limit not exceeding 25 %; b) a linear shrinkage not exceeding 3 %; c) a PI not exceeding 6; and d) a maximum size of 4,75 mm, and the percentage of the material passing a sieve of nominal aperture size 0,075 mm shall not exceed 30 %. 335 .. Soluble salts The minus 6,7 rnrn fraction of the material shall conform to the following: a) untreated material: 1) Witwatersrand quartzite: crushed stone and mine sand: the pH value shall be not less than 6,O. If the pH value is less than 6,0, see 3.3.6. 2) All other material: the electrical conductivity shall not exceed 0,15 Sm-'. If the electrical conductivity exceeds 0,15 Sm-', see 3.3.6. b) material to be cemented or lime treated: the pH value shall be not less than 6,O and the electrical conductivity shall be less than 0,2Sm-'. Where the pH value is less than 6,O or the electrical conductivity is not less than 0,2 Sm-', see 3.3.6.
9) A maximum size of 373 mm might be specified in the project specification.
11

3.3.6 Chemical modification 3.3.6.1 Plasticity index If the P of the minus 0,075 mm fraction of type G1 or type G2 material exceeds 12, the material shall be chemically I modified, after which the PI of the minus 0,075 mm fraction shall not exceed 8. If chemical modification is required for type G3 material, in order not to exceed the specified maximum PI, the Pi of the minus 0,075 mm fraction after modification shall not exceed 10. If chemical modification is required for type G5 or type G6 material, in order not to exceed the specified maximum PI, the average PI after modification shall not exceed the maximum specified PI minus 2. 3.3.6.2 Soluble salts Where the minus 6,7mm fraction of the material does not comply with the requirements of 3.3.5,the material shall be chemically modified as follows: a) untreated material: 1) Witwatersrand quartzite: crushed stone and mine sand. Where the pH value is less than 6,0, the material shall be modified with lime until the pH value is not less than 10,0, provided that the pH remains at not less than 8,O over time. 2) all other material: where the electrical conductivity exceeds 0,15 Sm- and i) the pH value is less than 6, the material shall be modified with lime until the pH value is not less than 10, provided that the pH value remains at not less than 8,O over time. ii) the pH value is not less than 6,0, material may only be used if so permitted in terms of the project the specification and with the treatment specified therein. b) Material to be cemented or lime treated: if the pH value is less than 6,O or the electrical conductivity is not less than 0,2 Sm-, the material may only be used if so permitted in terms of the project specification and with the treatment specified therein.
Plant
All plant used shall comply with the requirements of the relevant standardized specification(s).
5 Construction
The methods of construction and workmanship shall comply with the requirements of the relevant standardized specification(s).
6 Tolerances
6.1 General Subject to the requirements of 6.2, in the case of any controlled layer, the degree of accuracy of the finished work shall be as stated in the relevant standardized specification and the permissible deviations (PD)(see clause 6 of SABS 1200 A or clause 6 of SABS 1200 AA, as applicable) shall be within the appropriate of the limits stated in the relevant standardized specification. (Degree of accuracy Ii shall apply if no degree of accuracy is specified.) 6.2 Tolerances not cumulative Tolerances on designated thicknesses and levels may vary only within the limits shown on drawing M.6. Neither plus tolerances nor minus tolerances may be accumulated through successive controlled layers and surfacing of the road construction. Should the completed level of a controlled layer fall between the designated level and that determined by the limit of the negative tolerance, the thickness of the next controlled layer shall be increased accordingly. 6.3 Frequency of checks For the purpose of tolerance control, the Contractor shall make sufficient checks at at least the applicable frequency set out in column 2 or column 3 of table 9, whichever is the greater.
12

Table 9 Frequency of control checks
1
Operatlng constructlon tolerances being checked
Aredlength to which one measurement Is applied, max.

20 m 100 m
500 m2 1 500 m2 500 m2 20 m 40 m 20 m
Number of measurements per lot, min.
, Grade (surface levels)
3 points per crosssection
Width of section Thickness of a) selected layer b) subbase c) base Cross-section Smoothness Cut-and-fill slopes
4 4 4
7 Testing
7.1 General Sampling procedures shall comply with the applicable requirements of TMH 5. 7.2 Process control In addition to the requirements for testing given in clause 7 of SABS 1200 D, the following shall apply: The Contractor shall carry out process control tests at a frequency that is not less than that set out in clause 7 of the standardized specification applicable to the earthworks (subgrade) or layer being processed, and he shall provide the Engineer with the results of such tests. 7.3 Routine inspection and testing 7.3.1 Routine inspection and testing will be carried out by the Engineer, to check the quality of materials for compliance with the requirementsof clause 3 of the relevant standardized specification, but such inspection and testing shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility to ensure that the materials comply with the relevant requirements of the specifications. 7.3.2 Should the average and minimum densities of the earthworks or layer being processed be equal to or exceed the respective values given in clause 7 of the relevant standardized specification, the earthworks or layer shall be deemed to comply with the requirements for density. 7.3.3 Where so required in terms of a standardized specification or the project specification involving major projects or high quality materials, acceptance control in respect of designated properties shall be carried out in accordance with a statistical acceptance control plan (see appendix B) in terms of which the Engineer may designate lots and specify the size of each lot, the number of samples, and the tests to be carried out by the Contractor. 7.4 Compaction control The methods of determining the standard of compaction shall be as stated in TMH 1.
8 Measurement and payment

Measurement and payment shall comply with the requirements of the relevant standardized specification(s).
13
14
-i
aPt-?Jwns
I
5'
i
15
SABS 1200 M:l996
Roads (general)
16
Dual carriageway cross-road

. \\
_** Len-Iurn 'rane --i

1
Turning lane slip lane Turning road I slip road Traffic island
un-ramp ,
/ . Merging nose -~ entrance nose
Speed change lanes

- _ . L L C . - -
Freeway Acceleration lane Grade separation flyover Deceleration lane Approach nose exit nose
At-grade separation'
I K\ \\\\
Drawing M.4 - Access interchange (diamond type)
Freeway This eStandard is exclusively for use on one standalone PC. To access it from a file server/Intranet constitutes a violation of SABS copyright rules. Note that only one printout of the standard may be made.
Taper Deceleration lane Approach nose
Three-level bridge Three-level crossing Inner ramp Subway Underpass
\\
Semi-direct ramp Merging nose Entrance nose cceleration lane
Grade separation Two-level crossing Collectordistributer road
Drawing M.5 - Systems interchange (semi-direct type with two loops)
SABS 1200 M:1996
Roads (general)
Designated level of finished surface
- 40
0
-50
0
-50
- 50
a = actual thickness of layer
t = designated thickness of layer
x = tolerance on designated level

Typical example
Drawing M.6 - Designated levels and thickness tolerances
19
Appendix A Applicable standards

Reference is made to the latest issues of the following publications:
SABS 1200 A SABS 1200 AA SABS 1200 C SABS 1200 D SABS 1200 DM SABS 1200 ME SABS 1200 MFH) SABS 1200 MFL SABS 1200 MG SABS 1200 MH SABS 0120-3 M Civil engineering construction :General. Civil engineering construction :General (small works). Civil engineering constnrction :Site clearance. Civil engineering construction :Earthworks. Civil engineering construction :Earthworks (roads, subgrade). Civil engineering construction :Subbase. Civil engineering construction :Base (heavy pavement structures). Civil engineering consturction :Base (light pavement structures). Civil engineering construction :Bituminous surface treatment. Civil engineering construction : Asphalt base and surfacing. Code of practice for use with standardized specifications for civil engineering construction and contract documents - Part 3 :Guidance for design - Section M. Sand equivalent value of fine aggregates. Aggregate crushing value of coarse aggregates. FACT value (10 % fines aggregate crushing value) of coarse aggregates. Flakiness index of coarse aggregates. Standard methods of testing road construction materials. Sampling methods for road construction materials.
SABS method 838 SABS method 841 SABS method 842 SABS method 847
TMH 1 TMH 5
1)
See p.1.
20
Appendix B
Statistical judgement plan
B.l
Scope
This appendix describes a scheme for determining, by means of tests and measurements and by applying a statistical judgement plan, whether certain requirements and limit values specified in the specifications in regard to the properties of materials and workmanship are being complied with.
B.2
Interpretation
Where a statistical judgement plan has been specified in the relevant standardized specification or in the project specification, the results of such tests conducted and measurements taken for controlling the relevant properties of materials and workmanship shall be assessed on the basis of the prescribed criteria in this appendix, for compliance with the specified requirements and limit values. In this statistical judgment plan, the variability of each set of test values is statistically determined. This variability is used to modify the specified acceptance limits for each set of tests (lot) and the mean of the test results is judged against the modified acceptance limits. Despite acceptance of a property judged by this statisticaljudgement plan, a material or work submitted will be rejected if one or more other properties (whether controlled by statistical methods or not) fail to comply with the requirements of the specification and are not conditionally accepted in terms of clause B.6, or where there are other causes for rejection, such as obviously defective workmanship or excessively variable properties, visible signs of poor workmanship, and similar considerations that constitute sufficient grounds for rejecting the work without any further testing. The Engineer shall be entitled to assess separately any specified portion of a lot if, in his opinion, it exhibits significant deviations when compared with the remainder of the lot. Where a statistical judgement plan is specified, it shall be adhered to in all cases where it is used, and decisions based on it shall not be altered.
8.3 Definitions
8.3.1 Lot: A sizeable portion of work or quantity of material that is assessed as a unit for the purpose of quality control, and selected to represent material or work produced by essentially the same process and from essentially the same materials. 8.3.2 Random sample: A group of n test measurements at n separate test positions or on n sample portions obtained from the lot in an unbiased manner (see B4.2). 8.3.3 Sample mean (FA: The arithmetic mean of a set of n test results that constitute the sample. B.3.4 Sample standard deviation (SA. Sample standard deviation is defined by
sn
; 1
zx2 - nFn2
n-1
is the sample mean, x is the value of an individual sample portion, i.e. an individual test result or measurement, and n is the sample size, i.e. the number of individual test results or measurements. B.3.5 Specification limit (Ls):The limit value of the property of any product outside which not more than a certain specified percentage (0)of the population of values representing an acceptable product property is allowed to lie. The specification limit may be a single lower limit L,, or a single upper limit L; , or a double limit consisting of a lower limit L, and an upper limit L; . 8.3.6 Acceptance limit (La): The limit value of the sample mean within which the lot will be accepted. For a lower-limit specification, this acceptance limit is denoted by La. For an upper-limit specification, this acceptance limit is denoted by L,I . For a double-limit specification, the lower and upper limits are denoted by L, and 4 respectively. 8.3.7 Conditional acceptance: The acceptance of a lot at reduced payment in lieu of rejection. 8.3.8 Rejection limit (Q: The limit value of the sample mean outside which conditional acceptance will not be considered. It may be a lower limit L, or an upper limit L; . 8.3.9 Payment reduction factor (f): The factor by which Contract rates shall be multiplied for calculating the payment for conditionally accepted work. B.3.10 Outller: A test result or measurement that differs significantly from the other values obtained for a sample and where the difference can be ascribed to an assignable cause.
where
rn
21

8.3.11 First submission: The submission of a lot for approval for the first time or for a second time on the basis of a second set of test values when the properties of the first and the second sets of test values differ significantly. 8.3.12 Resubmission: The submission of a lot for approval for a second time when the properties of the first and second sets of test values do not differ significantly. 8.3.13 Factors k,, kad, k, : The factors used for calculating the acceptance limits and rejection limits (see B.5.4 k,, and tables B.6, B.7, B.10 and 8.11). 8.3.14 0 (%): The maximum percentage of a statistical population of values of a product property permitted to lie outside the specification limits where the product could still be regarded as being acceptable (see table B.5).
8.4
General requirements
8.4.1 Determining lot size 8.4.1.1 Road construction layers The lot size shall normally be a section compacted in one process where essentially the same materials and construction equipment have been used. Where production is on a continuous basis, a lot shall normally mean the product of one days work and shall not exceed the product of two full days work. However, a lot of any smaller size may be ordered by the Engineer where a) the properties under investigation exhibit abnormal local variation within the normal lot size, b) an area is obviously of a different quality from the rest, or c) the rate of production is very high. 8.4.1.2 Other In cases other than road construction layers, as for example in material stockpiles, where the definition of a lot in accordance with clause B.3 does not apply direct, the Engineer will determine lot sizes in accordance with circumstances pertaining to each case. 8.4.2 Random sampling When any lot is tested, whether a normal-sized lot or an isolated section that clearly exhibits an abnormal variation of the property under consideration, all samples shall be taken in a stratified random pattern. For this purpose, use shall be made of tables of random numbers, and the instructions in publication TMH 5, Sampling forroad construction materials, shall be followed. 8.4.3 Sample sizes Except that no sample size shall be smaller than that given in table 8.5, the Engineer, for the purposes of acceptance control, will, in advance, determine the sample size n. The larger the sample, the more reliable the result will be. 8.4.4 Outliers Test results shall be scanned for possible outliers. Where a test result deviates greatly from the remainder in a lot, it shall, if possible, be re-examined by further testing and, if there is reasonable evidence to suggest that the test result is erroneous, it shall be regarded as an outlier, rejected, and replaced with a fresh test result. Where repeating a test or re-examining a test result is impossible, the procedure described in B.4.4.1 or B.4.4.2, as applicable, shall be used for identifying an outlier. Every outlier shall be discarded, and, if possible, replaced with a new random test value. The sample mean Xn and the sample standard deviation shall then be recalculated. If an outlier cannot be replaced, the sample mean and standard deviation shall be calculated on the basis of the remaining test results. The final number of test results used in the assessment after the elimination of an outlier shall be not less than 4. All work except that covered by 84.4.2 8.4.4.1 Calculate the value of To from:
where
xn is the arithmetic mean,

Snis the sample standard deviation, and
xo is the value of the test result that differs most from the mean (possible outlier). Compare the value of To with the value of Tfor the applicable value of n, from table B.l. If the absolute value of To exceeds T, then xo is an outlier.
22

Table B.l
- Critical values of Tfor outliers

2
Critical value
1
Number of observatlons
n
4
T
1,46 1,67 1,82 1,94 2,03 2,ll 2,18 2,23 2,29 2,33 2,37 2,41 2,44 2,47 2,50 2,53 2,56
5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
8.4.4.2 Granular material, asphalt, surfacing aggregate and cemented layers Calculate the value of COfrom:
C0=~x,-x7,~
where
Fn is the arithmetic mean, and xo is the value of the test result that differs most from the mean (possible outlier).
Compare the value of COwith the value of C for the applicable value of n and product property, from tables B.l a, B.l b, B.lc or B.ld, as applicable. If COexceeds C, the test result xo shall be regarded as an outlier.
1
n
2
Percentage compaction
10
PI
Sieve size for G1 and G2 only rnm
26,5 4
19,0
13,2
4,75 7,3
2,OO 56 599 62 63 6,s 6,6 6,7
0,425 3,6 3,9 40 4,1 42 4,3 4,4
0,075
5
6
7 8
9 10
491 4,4 4,6 4,7 48 499 4,9
61 64 6,7 6-9 7,1 72 7,3
83 98 9,4 9,7 9,9 10,l 10,2
83 98 9,4 9,7 93 10,l 10,2
7,7 8,O 83
8,6 8,7
8,s
32 33 9 395 3,6 3,7 3,7 3,8
2,4 22 2,7 23 28 23 2,9
23
2
3 1
1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1
Sieve size mm
10
11
Bitumen content
12
Voids
, I
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
32 3,3 33 396 3$7 3,7 3,8
265 6,l 6,4 6,7 6,g 7,l 7,2 7,3
19,O 7,3 7,7
13,2 9,0 9,4 9,7 9,9 10,l 10,2
93
8,5 9,0 9,4 9,7 9,9 10,l 10,2
8,s
a,o
8,3 8,5 8,6
8,7
4,75 7,9 8,4 8,7 9 , ~ 9,2 9,4 9,4
2,36 63 7,2 75 7,7 7,9 8,l 8,l
0,300 6,8 7,2 7,s
7,7
7,9 8,l 8,l
0,075 2,s 2,6 2,7 2,a 2,9 3,O 3,o
in mix
23 2,4 2,5 28 2,7 2,7 2.8
0,4
0,s 095 05 0,s 0,s
OS
10
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
"
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
UCS
PI
CBR
24 26 27 28 28 29 29
as determined by nb NOTE - C = where is the C value for a = 0,Ol and Q is the standard deviarron of the population derived from historical data. 8.4.4.3 Sample standard deviation too small Where the sample standard deviation S is very small, it could be the cause for a values being wrongly classified as , shall be determined for S as follows: , , an outlier. For this purpose, a minimum value SNmln)
Sn(mln,
- j F . s n
n - 1)
where
x, :w o
; n - 1 = x20,wfor ( n - 1) degrees of freedom as obtained from table B.2; and S , is the mean value for Sn for the particular property as determined by records of previous work.
24

Table B.2 Values of 1 2
x20.99
x20.99distribution
2 1 2
X20.99
(n -1)
( n - 1)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 3,571 4,107 4,660 5,229 5,812 6,408 7,015 7,633 8.260
(n - 1)
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
8 10
0,0001 57 0,0201 0,115 0,297 0,554 0,872 1,239 1,646 2,088 2.558
8,897 9,542 10,196 10,856 11,524 12,198 12,879 13,565 14,256 14,953
8.4.5 Resubmission Where a lot has been accepted conditionally or has been rejected, the Engineer may agree to its resubmission for approval if a) it has been reworked and the Engineer is satisfied that a proper attempt was made to improve the properties that were unacceptable, or b) where, in his opinion, there are valid technical reasons therefor. In both cases, a fresh sample shall be taken, and a fresh (second) set of test values determined. The first and second sets of test values shall then be compared with each other to determine whether their properties differ significantly. Where, in the opinion of the Engineer, a significant difference does occur, the first set of test values shall be discarded and the second set of test values shall be assessed as a first submission. Where, in the opinion of the Engineer, no significant difference occurs, the submission of the lot shall be regarded and assessed as a resubmission, which will mean, inferalia, that the first and second sets of test values shall be combined for purposes of assessment. In order to be able to determine theoretically whether there is a significant difference between the two sets of test values (suffixes a and b), the Fisher F-test shall be conducted, and, if necessary, also the t-test, all as specified in B.4.5.1 and 8.4.5.2 respectively. B.4.5.1 The Fisher F-test Calculate the value of f = Sg2/%2, where , Sg is the the greater value of S and %, and Sk is the smaller value of S, and %. The value of Fo,os, uk is obtained from table 8.3 ug, where ug is the sample size minus one, from the sample with the larger standard deviation, and uk is the sample size minus one, from the sample with the smaller standard deviation. Where F > Fo,05, ug,uk, a significant difference occurs theoretically between the two sets of test results, but where
Fc
F0.05, ug, uk,the difference
is not necessarily significant, and the t-test shall also be conducted to obtain a decision.
25
Table 8 3 Values of f distribution (a= 0,05) .
%
k'
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
1
2 3 4
161,44 200
5
6 7
8
9 10
17
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30
216 225 230 234 237 239 241 242 243 244 245 245 246 247 248 248 248 248 249 249 249 250 250 19,5 19,5 19.5 19,5 19,5 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19.4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19,4 19.3 19.3 19,2 19,2 18,51 19,O 8.63 8,62 8.62 8,s 8.65 8.64 8,67 8.67 8,70 8,69 8,68 8,73 8,71 8,79 8,76 8,74 8-65 8,81 8,94 8.89 9,12 9.01 10,13 9,55 9,28 5.77 5,76 5.75 5.75 5.83 5,82 5,81 5,w) 5 7 9 5.98 5,87 5,86 5,84 5,94 5,91 5,96 6,OO 6,04 6.59 5,39 6,26 6,16 6,09 7,71 6,94 4,54 4,53 4,52 4,5O 4,5O 4,62 4,60 4,59 4.58 4.57 4,s 4,70 4,68 4,66 4,64 4,77 4,74 4,82 5,79 5,41 5,19 5,05 4,95 4,80 6.61 3,83 3,82 3.81 3,84 3,94 3,92 3,91 3.96 3,90 3,88 3,87 335 4,06 4,15 4,03 4,OO 3,98 4,39 4,28 4,21 4,lO 4,76 4,53 5,14 5.99 3,40 3,39 3 3 34-3 3,41 3,47 3,46 3,44 3,49 3,48 3,53 3,51 3,64 3,60 3.57 3.55 3,68 3,73 4,12 3,97 3.87 3,79 474 435 539 3,13 3,12 3,lO 3 O 3,08 , O 3,17 3,16 3,15 3,19 3,24 3,22 3,20 3,35 3.31 3,28 3,26 3,44 3,39 3.69 4.07 3.84 3,58 3,50 5-32 4.46 2,W 2,89 2,87 2.86 2.94 2.99 2 , s 2,95 2.92 2,97 3,lO 3,07 3,05 3,03 3,Ol 3,14 3,86 3,63 3,48 3,37 3,29 3,23 3,18 5,12 4,26 2,72 2,71 2,70 2.74 2,n 2,75 2,83 230 2,89 2,86 2,85 2,78 2,81 2,98 2.94 2,91 3,07 3,02 3,33 3.22 3,14 3,71 3,48 4,96 4,lO 2.58 2,57 2,61 2.59 2,65 2,63 2,69 2,76 2,74 2,72 2,70 2,67 2.66 2,82 2.79 2,90 2,85 2,95 3,09 3,Ol 3,98 3,59 3,36 4,84 3.20 2.51 2,48 2.47 2.49 232 2.72 2,69 2,66 2,64 2,60 2,518 2,57 2,536 234 2,62 2,80 2,75 , O 2.91 2,85 3,89 3,49 3,26 475 3,11 3O 2,41 2,39 2,38 2.42 2,55 2,53 2,51 2,48 2,47 2,46 2.44 2.50 2,67 2.63 2,60 2.58 3,18 3,03 2,92 2,83 2,77 2,71 3,41 4.67 3,81 2.39 2.33 2.32 2,31 2,41 2,40 2,37 2,s 2,44 2.43 2.51 2,48 2,46 2,57 2.53 2,65 2,60 2,70 2,96 2,85 2,76 4,60 3.74 3,34 3,11 2,26 2,25 2,29 2.27 2.33 2,38 2,37 2,31 2,51 2,46 2,45 2,42 2,40 2.54 2.35 2.34 2.64 2.59 2,71 2,90 2,79 3,68 3,29 3,06 4,54 2,22 2,21 2,19 2.24 2,28 2.25 2.37 2,35 2,33 2,32 2.46 2,42 2,40 2,30 2,29 2,49 2,59 2,54 2,85 2,74 2,66 3.01 3.24 4,49 363 2,17 2.16 2,15 2.19 2,23 2,21 2,24 2,35 2,33 2,31 2 3 2.26 2,41 2,38 2,45 2,27 2,55 2.49 2,81 2,70 2,61 4.45 3,59 3,20 2.96 2,12 2,11 2,17 2,151 2.13 2,25 2,23 2.20 2,19 2,34 2,31 2,29 2.27 2,22 2,4? 2.37 2.51 2.46 2,77 2,66 2,58 3,55 3,16 2.93 4,41 2,08 2,07 2,13 2.11 2.10 2,16 2,21 2.20 2,18 2.17 2,28 2,26 2,23 2,31 2,38 2,34 2,48 2,42 2,74 2,63 2,54 4,38 3,52 3,13 2,90 2.07 2.12 2,08 2,05 2,W 2,17 2,15 2,14 2.18 2,lO 2,35 2,31 2,28 2,25 2,22 2,20 2,451 2,39 2,87 2,71 2,60 2,51 4.35 3,49 3 , l O 2,02 2,01 2,07 2,04 2,10 2,16 2,14 2,12 2,11 2,05 2,25 2,22 2,20 2,18 2.28 2,42 2,37 2.32 2,84 2,68 2,57 2,49 4,32 3,47 3.07 2,03 2.05 2,Ol 1,98 2,00 2,lO 2,08 2.07 2,13 2,11 2,20 2,17 2,15 2,26 2,23 2,34 2.30 2,40 2,66 2,55 2,46 3,44 3,05 2,82 4,30 1,99 1.97 1 , s 2,02 2,OO 2,15 2,13 2,09 2,11 2,23 2,20 2,18 2,07 2,06 2,05 2,27 2,37 2,32 2,64 2,53 2,44 4,28 3,42 3,03 2,80 1,97 1,95 1,94 1,98 2,07 2,04 2,OO 2,09 2.03 2.05 2,13 2.18 2,15 2.25 2,21 2,11 2,42 2,36 2,30 2,62 2.51 2,78 4,26 3,40 3,Ol 1,92 2,04 2,02 2,Ol 1,98 1,96 1,95 I,% 2,16 2,14 2,09 2,07 2,05 2,24 2,20 2,11 2,34 2,28 2,60 2,49 2,40 4,24 3,39 2,99 2.76 1,93 1,91 1.90 2,03 1,97 1,95 1,99 2,18 2,15 2,12 2,09 2,07 2,05 2,02 2.00 2.22 2,32 2,27 2,39 2,59 2.47 2,74 4,23 3,37 2,98 1,97 1,95 1,93 1,91 1,90 1,88 1,99 2.17 2,13 2,06 2,04 2,02 2,OO 2.31 2,25 2,20 2,lO 2,37 2,08 2,57 2.46 2,73 4,21 3,351 2,96 1,93 1,91 1,90 1,88 1,87 1,99 1,97 1.96 2,04 2,19 2,15 2,12 2,09 2,02 2-00 2,06 2,29 2,24 4,20 3,34 2,95 2,71 2,56 2,45 2,36 1,88 1,87 1,85 2,05 2,03 2,Ol 1,99 1,94 2,lO 2.08 1,97 1.96 1,92 2,18 2,14 1,W 2,28 2,22 2,55 2,43 2,35 2,93 2,70 4,18 333 1,89 1'87 1,93 1,91 1,85 1,84 1.96 1,95 2,04 2,Ol 2,16 1,99 2,21 2.13 1,98 2,09 2,06 2,27 2,92 2,69 2,53 2,42 2,33 4,17 3,32

B.4.5.2 The t-test Calculate
then calculate
where 1Xa - x b [ is the absolute value of the difference between Fa and x b and is always positive. Determine the degrees of liberty U = na+ nb - 2 The value of top,, U is obtained from table B.4. Where t > too,, U, a significant difference occurs between the two sets of results, and if t c 6,05,U, there is no significant difference. Table B.4 Values for t-distribution (a= 0,05)
1
U
t
6,3138 2,9200 2,3534 2,1318 2,0150 1,9432 1,8946 1,8595 1,8331 1,8125
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
8.5
Judgement plan
Unless otherwise stated in the project specification, the characteristic properties to be controlled in accordance with this statistical judgement plan shall be those given in column 2 of table B.5. The procedure to be followed when such properties are being assessed shall be as set out below. Taking samples and testing the properties B.5.1 Determine the sample size n by taking into consideration the minimum sample sizes given in table 8.5, and take the samples in a stratified random pattern as specified in B.4.2. Conduct the appropriate tests. 8.5.2 Identifying outliers Outliers shall be identified, not taken into account, and, if possible, replaced with fresh test values, all as prescribed in 8.4.4. Calculating standard deviation and the mean of sample values 8.5.3 Use the sample results for calculating the standard deviation S and the mean , of the sample values in accordance with the definitions in clause 8.3. Where it is a resubmission, the first and second sets of sample results shall be used for determining a combined sample mean standard deviation sab and sample size nab determined as follows:
t
1,7959 1,7823 1,7709 1,7613 1,7530 1,7459 1,7396 1,7341 1,7291 1,7247
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
1,7139 1,7109 1,7081 1,7056 1,7033 1,7011 1,6991 1,6973
r,
rab,
nab= na + nb
27
where subscript a refers to the first set of test values, b refers to the second set of test values, and abrefers to the combined sets of test values. 8.5.4 Determining the judgement limits All judgement limits shall be computed to three decimal figures. 8.5.4.1 First submission In the case of a first submission, calculate the acceptance limits La and L; in accordance with the formulae given below. For a lower-limit specification: La = & + Sn.ka Accept the lot if the sample mean is equal to or greater than the acceptance limit La, otherwise reject the lot. For an upper-limit specification: L,' = 4 - Sn.ka is equal to or less than the acceptance limit L,' , otherwise reject the lot. Accept the lot if the sample mean For a double-limit specification: La = L, + Sn.kad L,' = L,' - Sn.kad Accept the lot if the sample mean falls between the lower acceptance limit La and the upper acceptance limit L , ' or is equal to either one, otherwise reject the lot. Where a lot has been rejected, it may nevertheless be considered for conditional acceptance in terms of clause B.6. 8.5.4.2 Resubmission Where a lot is resubmitted for approval in terms of 84.5, calculate the acceptance limits in accordance with the formulas given below. For a single-limit specification: La = L, + Sab.ka L,' = 4 - Sab.ka
xn xn
xn
Accept the lot if Tap. La in the case of a lower-limit specification and if 1 specification, otherwise reject the lot. For a double-limit specification:
Tab 4 5
in the case of an upper limit
+ sab.kad Accept the lot if La( yabz otherwise reject the lot. L;r,
L,' = L,'
The values of ka and kadused in the above cases shall agree with the sample size nab. Where a resubmitted lot is rejected, it may nevertheless be considered for conditional acceptance in terms of clause B.6. The evaluation of a resubmitted lot shall be final and binding on both Employer and Contractor. The provisions of this appendix shall be strictly complied with. Where a resubmitted lot is rejected, the Contractor shall bear the costs of the additional tests conducted on the resubmitted lot. 8.5.4.3 Values of constants The values of the specification limits L, and L; shall be as specified in the relevant standardized specification. The minimum sample size n and the maximum percentage of defectives (0) in an acceptable product shall be as given in table B.5. The values of kaand kadshall be as given in tables B.6 and 8.7.
La
'abakad
28

Table 8.5
- Values of constants n, L,, L; and

3
Minimum sample size
4
5
(upper
Material
Selected subgrade Subbase Base Asphalt base or surfacing
Properties
Relative compaction Relative compaction Relative compaction Relative compaction Binder content Voids
n
4
6 6
(lower specification limit)

Specified limit Specified limit Specified limit Specified limit Specified limit minus tolerance Specified limit minus tolerance
I
Specified limit plus tolerance Specified limit plus tolerance
15
l5
6 4 6
I I
Chemically stabilized layers
Cementitious binder content
70
of specified limit
Table B.6
- Values of k, (single limits)

I
2
1
Sample size n
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 1 8 20
0,445 0,520 0,576 0,620 0,656 0,687 0,713 0,755 3,789 0,817 0,840 0.860
0,220 0,300 0,358 0,403 0,440 0,470 0,496 0,538 0,571 0,598 0,620 0.640
29

Table 8.7 Values of kad(double limits)
1
Sample size n
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20
kad
0=10% 0,299 0,390 0,456 0,509
0% % 15
0=20% -0,161 -0,038 0,043 0,103 0,149 0,188 0,219 0,271 0,310 0,342 0,368 0,391
0,551 0,587 0,617 0,666 0,706 0,738 0,764 0,787
0,061 0,163 0,235 0,290 0,334 0,370 0,401 0,451 0,489 0,521 0,547 0,570
B.6
Conditional acceptance
B.6.1 General Where a lot is rejected under the statistical judgement plan but the test results are such that the lot complies with the requirements for conditional acceptance specified hereafter, the Engineer may accept the lot conditionally, that is, the lot may be accepted at reduced payment in lieu of complete rejection, provided that a) conditional acceptance shall be in the sole discretion of the Engineer and not an option that may be exercised by the Contractor or a right he may claim; b) the lot is approved in respect of all other requirements not judged by a statistical judgement plan: c) the Contractor shall have the option to remove and reinstate at his own cost conditionally accepted work with work that complies with the requirements for acceptance at full payment; d) conditional acceptance and the corresponding reduced payment shall apply only in respect of the work and properties listed in B.6.2. Properties to which conditional acceptance applies 8.6.2 Conditional acceptance may be applied in respect of the properties listed in table 8.8.
Table 8.8 Properties in respect of which conditional acceptance may be applied
Property . Relative compaction
Structure
I
(a) Asphalt base or surfacing (b) Chemically stabilized layers (c) Plant mixed paver laid layers AsDhalt base or surfacina Asphalt base or surfacing
Tar of bitumen binder content Voids in mix
I Cementitious binder content I Chemically stabilized layers

xn
863 .. Criteria for conditional acceptance Any lot which does not comply with the requirements for acceptance may be conditionally accepted should the value of the sample mean lie within the rejection limits determined in accordance with clause 8.7. The payment reduction factor, f,, shall be calculated in accordance with the following formula: For conditional acceptance at a lower limit:
30

For conditional acceptance at an upper limit:
Where c = 0,67and d = 0,3. 8.6.4 Applying the payment-reduction factor The payment-reduction factor shall be applied to the payment items specified in the project specification. Where a lot is conditionally accepted in regard to more than one property, the payment-reduction factor for each property shall be computed and the factor that gives the largest reduction shall be applied.
8 7 Determining rejection limits in accordance with statistical criteria .

Rejection limits shall be determined in accordance with statistical criteria. Where required in the project specification that the rejection limits be determined in accordance with statistical criteria such as TRH 5, it shall be done as follows: For a single-limit specification: First submission: L, = L, + S,,.k, L; = Ld - S,,.k, The lot shall be accepted conditionally where La > F n r L, in the case of a lower-limit specification, or where L,' < y n L,' ~in the case of an upper-limit specification. If not, the lot shall be rejected. For a double-limit specification: L, = L, + Sab.krd L; = L,' - Sab.k,d The lot shall be conditionally accepted where La > L, and L,' < The values of k, and krd are given in tables 8.10 and 8.1 1.
xn?
FnrL; .
If not, the lot shall be rejected.
Table B.10 Values of k, (single-limit specification)
Sample
size n
4
0 = 10 Ye
0 = 15 ? ' o
5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20
0,123 0,238 0,320 0,382 0,432 0,474 0,509 0,567 0,612 0,649 0,680 0.707
-0,148 -0,004 0,089 0,158 0,211 0,255 0,292 0,357 0,397 0,434 0,465 0,491
3 1

Table B.11 Values of
hd(double-limit specification)
3
krd
1
Sample size n
0=10%
4
5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20
-0,007 (0.123) 0,132 0,226 0,296 0,352 0,398 0,437 0,500 0,550 0,590 0,624 0,653
-0,324 -(0,148) -0,130 -0,016 0,065 0,126 0,176 0,217 0,283 0,334 0,375 0,409 0,438
-0,708 -0,389 -0,241 -0,144 -0,073 -0,018 0,027 0,098 0,152 0,194 0,229 0,259
--000-
ISBN 0-626-1
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UDC 624(083.75) ICS 93;01.120

SABS 1200 MA996 First revlslon

Telegrams : Comparator, Pretoria : 321308SA Telex Fax (012) 344-1568

SABS 1200 M:1996 Roads (general) Contents

. ... .. ... .. .. .. . . . .. ... . .. . . .. . . .. .. . ..... . . .

Appendices A Applicable standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statistical judgement plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SABS 1200 MA996

Civil Engineering Construction M: Roads (general)

SABS 1200 M:l996

SABS 1200 M:1996

3) Published by the Department of Transport.

SABS 1200 M:l996 Roads (general)

SABS 1200 M:1996 Roads (general)

Nominal size of aggregate

53,O 375 26,5

SABS 1200 M:1996 Roads (general)

Table 2 Grading limits of aggregate for slurry seal

Nominal aperture sire of sieve

2.360 1,180 0,600

SABS 1200 M:l996

See columns 3, 4 and 5 of table 4

SABS 1200 M:1996 Roads (general)

SABS 1200 M:1996 Roads (generial)

Dry kN, min.

Non-siliceous cementing material Siliceous cementing material

Wetldry relationship %, min. 75

Diamictite (tilIite) Argillaceous rock*) Other rock types

Table 5 Aggregate crushing value

Argillaceous rock is only to be used if so permitted in the project specification.

SABS 1200 MA996 Roads (general)

Percentage that passes Group

Durability Mill test (maximum)

Acid crystalline rock High silica rock

420 (clav mineral kaolin)

Diamictite Pedogenic material

Table 7 Chemically stabilized aggregate for pavement layers

Criteria Material before treatment

3 2 c1 c2 Fxcept for grading, Except for grading, 9s for G2 a&for G2, G3 or

PI shall not exceed 6.

1,5 min. - 3,O max.

0,75min. - 1,5 max.

SABS 1200 M:1996

Nomlnai aperture size of sieve

9) A maximum size of 373 mm might be specified in the project specification.

SABS 1200 M:1996 Roads (general)

SABS 1200 MA996 Roads (general)

Operatlng constructlon tolerances being checked

Aredlength to which one measurement Is applied, max.

Number of measurements per lot, min.

, Grade (surface levels)

3 points per crosssection

8 Measurement and payment

SABS 1200 M:1996 Roads (general)

SABS 1200 M:1996 Roads (general)

SABS 1200 M:l996

Dual carriageway cross-road

_** Len-Iurn 'rane --i

/ . Merging nose -~ entrance nose

Speed change lanes

Drawing M.4 - Access interchange (diamond type)

Taper Deceleration lane Approach nose

Three-level bridge Three-level crossing Inner ramp Subway Underpass