Sydney Hines American History II 6th JFK Terms 1.

Trade Expansion Act: (enacted October 11, 1962) this allowed the United States Congress to grant the White House exceptional authority to change tariff reductions up to 50% 2.Charles De Gualle: (Charles Andre Joseph Marie de Gaulle; Nov. 22, 1890Nov. 9, 1970) WWI veteran. During WWII he was a French general, also a statesman who led the Free French Forces. In 1958, he founded the French Fifth Republic and became President for ten years, 59-69. Escaped to Britain and gave a famous address over the radio, this was broadcasted by the BBC (June 18, 1940) encouraging his French people to resist against the Nazis 3. Fidel Castro: a Cuban, on July 26, 1953 he led an attack on the strongest garrison of Fulgencio Batista. Cubas dictator as the time. The purpose of this attack was to overthrow Batista. It was unsuccessful and Fidel was tried with treason and was sentenced 15 years in prison but was released in 1955. In 1959, he led another attack and succeeded, he had overthrown the Batista government and replaced it with his own. 4. Robert F. Kennedy: brother of President John F. Kennedy, assassinated 5 years after while as presidential candidate in 1968. Started his education at Harvard then left to enlist in the U.S. Navy during World War II. After, he completed his degree then at the University of Virginia he earned his law degree. He worked very closely with his brother during Johns campaigns. 5. Lyndon B. Johnson: President John F. Kennedys Vice President during his few years in office. After President Kennedy as assassinated, Lyndon assumed the Presidential position. 6. Robert F. McNamara: served under both President John F. Kennedy and President Lyndon B. Johnson as Secretary of Defense from 1961 to 1968, he oversaw military strategies and policies during the Cold War and Vietnam War. 7.Lee Harvey Oswald: accused of assassinating President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. Shot Kennedy, while he was in a motorcade travelling through Dallas, out of the Texas School Book Depository on the sixth floor. He was never tried for the crime. Two days after his arrest he was shot to death by Jack Ruby, a nightclub owner, at Dallas police headquarters. 8. New Frontier: Kennedys domestic program that provided Federal funding for education, medical care for the elderly, and the end of racial segregation 9. Peace Corps: started by President John Kennedy, purpose was to help other people from other countries to meet national needs, to understand the other people of the world 10. Alliance for Progress: this alliance was aimed to establish economic

cooperation between North and South America. Billions was spent. 11. Bay of Pigs: launched in April 1961, an unsuccessful invasion of CIA-trained Cuban exiles on southern Cuba. Supported by US armed forces to overthrow Fidel Castros government. 12.Operation Mongoose: operations against Fidel Castros communist government in Cuba. developed during the earlier years of President John F. Kennedy by the CIA. this went into effect after the Bay of Pigs invasion failed. On Nov. 30, 1961, Operation Mongoose was led by General Edward Lansdale, of the Air Force. 13. Cuban Missile Crisis: quarrel between the United States, Cuba and Soviet Union in October 1962, this brought these nations extremely close to nuclear war 14. No Cities/Conference Strategy: 15. Vostok 1: launched on April 12, 1961 by the Soviet Union, it was the first time a human entered outer space and the orbital flight by a manned vehicle. The cosmonaut aboard was Yuri Gagarin. The Vostok 1 complete one orbit around the Earth in 108 minutes. 16. The Tsar bomb: Russian, nicknamed for the AN602 hydrogen bomb, the largest and most powerful nuclear weapn ever detonated, making it the most dangerous weapon in the world. 17. German Democratic Republic: established in 1948, GBR was the socialist state in the Soviet Zone in Germany and in East Berlin. 18. The Berlin Wall: the Berlin Wall was a barrier that completely surrounded West Berlin and closed off the East Germans from 1961 to 1989; 28 long years. This wall served as a symbol of the Cold Wars division of both the East and West Germanys. 19. Checkpoint Charlie: the crossing at the Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin during the Cold War. 20. Limited Test Ban Treaty: a treaty that doesnt allow any testing of nuclear weapons unless done underground. The treaty was arranged after concerns of radioactive fallout from above-ground nuclear test arose in the 40s and 50s