KINGS OF KASHM1EA

BEING

A TRANSLATION OF THE SANSKRIT A WORK

BAJATAEANGGINI

Kahlana Pandita.

JOGESH CHUNDEE^DUTT.

Pointed by
249,

I. C. Base &. Co., Stanhoph Press, Bow-Bazau StUEETj and Published Br the A0TH9B.

1879.
[ All rights reserved. ]

tOHDOR; TRilBNER *

CO,

'

'"to

MY

YOTJNGEK BROTHER

ROMESH CHUNDER
or

DXTTT

HBK

M^J-JESTyS CIVIL SERVICE

AUD

OF THE. MIDDLE TEMPLE,

BARRISTER-AT-L&W,

THE PRESENT WOES

IS

DEDICATED
and
affection.

As,

token of Irothet's sincere esteem

CONTENTS.

Book I Book II
'Book III

** ...

...

...

i
... ... ...

...

26

i.
...

... **. ... ...

,30
61

Book IV

Book V Book VI Book VII

...

MB

...

.
...

106
141

*
...

...

169

Appendix

Appendix

A B D E F

...
... ...

...

i ii

...
...

...

...

Appendix

... ...
*.i

17 vi
...

Appendix
Appendix
Appendix

...

..
.
...
...

... ...
...

.*
V*

ix

...
... ...

X
xi
...
...
...

Appendix
Appendix

...

...

H K

... ...
...

...

*
...
...

xii
xiii

Appendix. I

...
...

... ... ...

Appendix J

XV
xvi
xvii

Appendix
Appendix

...

...

... ...

... ...

,.V
v..

<

#.
...

List of kings

...

xix

r.EEEATA.
J?
Page
-%,

97, footnote, for

Append^ D
K. E, 89

read Appendix L.

167, line 22,

K. E. 79.

PREFACE,
%

Separated fr*m the

rest

of tho

world, ou the north

by the

lofty

rauga of the jt-IimAlaya mountains, and on

other aides by the sea, Ind'.a has from the earliest period
^presented
to
its

people a world by
lived

itself.

And

within

this vast oontineut

from the remotest antiquity

portion of

the Aryan race

who

developed
unattained

among
by any
origi-

themselves a
other

degree of civilization

nation of antiquity.

This people, though

speaking the

nating from the 'same

stock,

dialeots

of

the same language, and following the dictates of tho

aamo
tribes

religion,

had early divided themselves into

the physical

different

according to

nature of tho portion

1

of the conntvy which they

each came

to

occupy.

The
moun-

Kashmlriafis and the Ncp&leae

who

inhabited the

tainous regions of the Himalayas, differed from those

who

dwelt iu the valleys of the Indus or

the

Ganges, or

occupied the deserts of Kujpu tana orthe tableland of Maharashtra.

Nor did

the

division
ciud the

cease here.

There were

minuter sub-divisious,

country was out up into

small principalities and tribes, each tribe having a chief of

their

own, speaking a distinct

te act
-

dialect,

settling

in

definite

*>f country

"which they generally named

the

after

themselves.

Houen Sang,

Chinese pilgrim,

who

visited India in .the 7th century after Christ, ospeaks

of 138 such principalities, of which 110 were personally

visited
ftp

by him.

These petty

tribes

seem

to

have kept

a continual strife with

one another,, subduing and

ii

MtEFACE,

being subdued in turn.

rose
to

And many were

time
to

the tribes that

influence from

time,

reducing their

neighbours to a state of vassalage, and styling themselves

the lords of the seagirt world.

Nor were

their

affairs

always confined within the geographical limits of India.

They'had frequent intercourse with almost

nations.

all

the ancient
Eastern,,

Their ships visited China

and

the

Archipelago, and they were

visited in turn

by Arab ships
to as

and merchants who exported

Bagdad, Egypt aud Europe.

Indian

commodities

Foreigners- also

came

invaders, and not unfrequeutly as travellers,

Of the
each and

succession of events which took plaoe

of the

among
still

all

numerous

tribes that dwelt

and are

dwelling in

India

from the remotest antiquity, we have

no authentic

records,

The Ramayana,

the

Mahahhaiata
faithful pic-

aud other ponderous volumes, though giving

tures of the state of the people aud their habits, feelings,

manners, &c, dut-.ng the periods when those works were composed, yield but
events.
little

information regarding historical

furnishes us

The Raniayana

with but meagre

annals of a single line of kings who reigned iu one town,

Ayodhya, aud
of the

its
is

neighbourhood

and the greater portion

p,

work

devoted to description of

single reign,

that of

Rama, a
five

description which outrages sober belief.

MahabMrata
of the

likewise narrates the wanderings and wars

sons of Paudu,

and the narration

is

mixed

with stories of the past nvStly of an absurd and romsfatio kind.

Such being the charaoter of the books we now.

preface.
possess,

iii

an attempt to write a history, in

its

usual sense,

of Iudia, musUftt present remain a hopeless task.

While* so

much

dearth prevails in the department of

Indian history, an account of a people who lived from

,

the earliest period in

hoped, be unacceptable.

a corner of India,

may
it

not, it is

The present work,

more than a

should be

"Stated, pretends to bo nothing

faithful render-

ing into English of a history which already exists in the Sanskrita language.*

The

first

part of the book,^the

Rajataraiiggini,"ha8 been written

by Kahlana Pandita, son

time of the author, A.D.

of Champaka.

It

embraces the history of the country

from tho
1148.

earliest period to the

The next part

again

entitled Rajabali has been written

to

by
and

Jonaraja,
this

and brings tho history down

has been

A.D. 1412

coutiuued under the name of

Jainarijatasanggini by bis pupil Sri Vara Pandita to A.D.

1477.
brings

The fourth and

last

part,

the

Rajfivalipitaka,

down the

history of the country to the time of its

conquest by Akbar, and was written by Prajya Bhatta at

the time of that emperor.
braces

The

present translation em-

the history

of

the

country

from the

earliest

times to the reign of king Harsha, A.D. 1101, about onehalf of t&e w<%kof Kahlana Pandita. of the Translator to bring It
is

the intention

down

the history in two more

vfllley

volumes to the period of the oonqnest of the

by

* The

Translator has howevernihought

stories

it

necessary to omit
agencies,

from the tegt such

^pd to give them

in the form the continuity of historical narration.

as relate to of appendix,

superhuman

in order to preserve

iv

rnEF.vcE.

Akhar.

He

can, however, hold out

effect,

no promise to

his

roarers to this

as hia time
,

is

not always at hia

r.

command.

It is a matter of ju3t rogret/ that the in

work

is

disfigured

many

places

with

what

iu

modern times would be

of the

considered immodest writing.

The time

author
be, a)l

perhaps allowed such writing.

However that may

is

that the Translator has to state for himself

that he has
original,

not thought himself justified to improve upon his

anil that his only object

throughout
a

this-

performance has

been to

offer to his readers

faithful translation of the

defects.

original, witli all its beauties

and

Mr.

Wilson has already favored the English reading

(first

public with a sketch of a small portion

of the

six

cantos)

history

of Kfishmira.
it is

(See

Asiatic Eesearches,

Vol. 15.)

But

after all a sketch,

j

and a

sketob.

made
it is

from very imperfeot copies

are mostly

and though i& materials

drapn from the Sanskrita work, yet

mixed up with the whimsical additions and

-which appear in the Persian translation.

alterations

In conclusion, the
earlier years

writer

has only to add that in his

he always cherished the idea of writing a

complete history of India from, original Sanskrita records.

Hi per years shewed him the

folly

of Such

an attempt.
if

His inability to undertake such a gigantic task, even

the materials had not been wanting, should

have made
Neverfoudljr

him think
theless

twice before entertaining such a hope.

idea imbibed in younger days, 'and

the

PREFACE.
cherished from year to year, th writer has found
cult altogether to give up.
it

-V

diffi-

It

was

for

a loag time" his

wish to connect his attempts with a history of India, and

this

hope or vanity he has uow attempted to gratify by

the comparatively lighter task of rendering a history

which already exists

Hjnglish.

in

the Sanskrita language Into

Even while
his

this

work was

in progress,

he was

too often and too painfully

reminded by the

difficulties

he met, of

own weakuess.
1

Calcutta,
1S(&

Aug**

1870.

J-

DUTT.

KINGS OF KASHMIR A.

BOOK
What
poet
!

I.*

an indescribable thing,
of
it,
!

is

tho merit of a good

By means
is
iii

his

own fame

as well as that of

others

immortalised

Who, hut a poet can briug back

it

the past

sweet composition, and what can make

his art

intelligible
sacrified in

if

canuot

Although graoe has been

,feis

work, for the sake of briefness, yet there

are some thiugs which will please the good.

he,

Happy
is

is

who

is

without worldliness and euvy,

and

favored
padt.

by the Goddess of Learning ia narrating the

shall iuolude past records in

ray writing, and the good

usefulness of

will not turn

away without knowing the

my work. Modem

writers have tampered with the reoords

skill,,

of the eye^nituSsges of past events, and it requires

therefore, to write a history of the past.

To

write the
'

truth

is

my object.
Farvati, with

*
liirc

An invocation to Hara and

been
left out.

which the work begins,

KINGS

01?

RiSHMfllA.

The
ease,
is

elaborate

original

records

were epitomized

by
with,

Suvrata, in order that they might

ber^memberod

and so the original waB Hst.

*

The

style of Suvrata

tough and obscure.

Though Kshesandra had

faulty.

the powers of a poet, yet

through his carelessness, his history of kings has become

I have seen eleven old works on the history of kings,

ar-d also the

book of Nilamuni, and have oorreoted many

gift-deeds of anoient kings.

errors

by examining

Twelve thousand works ou the history of kings were

compiled by the great ascetic Helr&ja.

No
their

mention
irreligion.

is

made
Four

of of

fifty-two kings

on account of

these,

Gouanda,

&c,

are

named by Nilamuni ; Padmamihira following Heliraja

gives an acoount of eight kings,

descendants of Ashoka
^

from Lava ; and Shrichohhavillaka speaks of five only. He writes, " from Ashoka to Abhimanyu five kings have been named out of
fifty-two."

These

fifty-two

kings,

whose

histories

have not been written because of their

evil works,

were contemporaneous with the Kauravas

"Kali

and the Kaunteyas of the

with might, rode
ty,

Tuga.- Thoy reigned

prosperi-

elephants,

attained great
ladies,

asd

in

their houses

were

hidden from view

yet
these as
if

like

moon-light iu
are not

the open

day;

great

men

now knovru

or remembered,

they

had never been born, simply because poets did not favor

KINGS OP KismifBA.
tlicra

by writing their
*

histories.
is

bow

to the poeJi'M

tjfeat art

withowtTffhich the world

<\

dark.
fix

The author has takon grea^ pains to

the date of the

original dynasty.

We

have giveu his elaborate arguments

vyill

combating certain then-existing errors on the subject, as

as our calculations fixing the dates of the different reigns

and

events as deduced from the author's date, in Appendix A.

Translator.}

Kashmira

is

studded with high,

cliffs,

and cannot \&

;

conquored even by the strength of a good army

and the
In
the

people are afraid of nothing but of the future world.

winter there are hot baths by the river, in

cool river-banka
;

summer

and the

rivers nro calm,

and not

infes-

ted with

water animals.

It

is

a country whero the sun

shines mildly, boiug the place croated

if

by Kashaynpa
saffron,

as

for his

gWfy.

High school-houses, the

are
is

iced

water, and grapes, which

rare even yi

heaven, are

common
worlds,

hero.

"Kailfisa

the best place in the tbreu

Kfishniii-u

Himalaya the best part of Kailasa, and

the best place in Himalaya.

The following
existed in

is

list

of gods

and holy things which

time
:

Kashmira from

tlfe earliest

Au wooden image of Shiva, touch whioh is to gam salvation

A*
by

the destroyer of

vice,

to

currentof water which flows at evening over a

the virtuous, but not

hill.

TAiis can be se'eu

by

the vicious

4
I]rahm<!
in

XVNCB OP
the shape of

KAsilllittA.

fire,

which

rising

from tho

earth burnt the forest

The goddess Sarasvati

takes its
rise.

in tfe

form of a swart

in

a lake

on the top of the Devibheng' Rook whence the Ganges

*

The
dal,

shrine of

Nandi Kshetra where the

spots of san-visible

with which the gods performed worship, are

to the present day.

.There, at Nandi,

is

also Sarada, or

Durga, by seeing
gift of the

whom

one gains immediate salvation and the

flowing and sweet speech of a poet.

Tho country
Yijayesha, Adi

is

adorned

with

gods

Chakrabhrita,

Keshaya and Ishana.

speak

It is full of shrines.

Be
time,
of

it

to the glory or
will

shame of the country

regarding
the

or

tho

wo

the truth,

history
w\-

kings.

This book contains accounts $

many

cient

manners; aud what wise men

will not feel

will

charm-

ed with it? The triumph of contentment

if

be apparent

the frail

life

of

man

be contemplated.

Listen then to

this sweet history clearly narrating tho actions of kings.

For
filled

sis

Manvantaras from Sarskalpa the world lay

yifl1

with water, bedded in tRe lap of

Himalaya, and

on the approach of the present Vaivasvatakalpa, Kashyapa

invited) the

gods from above, and

to be

struck the
water,,

earth

and caused

it

heaved above the

and thus

established the

kingdonf of Kashmfra.
;

Then reigned
<ii

Kila over the Nagas

his royal

umbrella was the hood

KINQS OF KlsnilflU.
the

fi

serpent (Naga).

There lived

various

classes

of

^Tagas whose jftvwls

treasury ofKuvera.

made the city as rich as the The Prst king Mia was invited by
V)

the

Niigas

to

reign over

them.

He had

a sceptre

owe and a half cubit long, and had an umbrella placed

over him, aud a hunda.
-

*The history then presents a blank

till

the reign of

Gonauda

I.

at

the beginning of the Kali yuga.

This

powerful kiug was

a frioud of
his

contemporary with Yudhisthira and

Jarasindhu.

'enemy

Gonanda

I,

who

ruled in Kashmira, whore the Ganges flows cheering the

mount Kailaaa on her way, was

to

invited

by Jarasindhu

help

him

in his invasion of

Mathura, the capital of

invested

Krishna.
city

With

largo

army they

that
the
of

and encamped on the banks of the

Yamuna

to

great terror of their foes.

On one

occasion the

army

Krishna was defeated in a battle, but Ealarama not only

retrieved the confusion of his army, but niiide a vigorous

attack on' the allied force.

For a long time victory

re-

mained doubtful,

till

at

last
field,

Gonanda

I.,

pierced with

wounds
was

fell

dead on the

and the army of Krishna

asoended the throne of

victorious. his

On

cUjath^Damodara*I.

Kashtnira, and though possessed of this beautiful king-

dom, he was

far

from being happy

his

proud

^hearfc

brooded on his father's death.

While in

this state, he his

h<%a

that the GsLudharas

had mvited Krishna and

rektives to the nuptials of

some

of the daughters of

C
theiv tribe,
r

KINGS
to

Off

KiSHMfaA.
tho
be

be celebrated near the banks of

-which

Indus,

and in

tho

bridegro*s*s

were

to

chosen by the brides.

being
large

Whilfy great preparations were

the

made army

for

tho nuptiak,

king moved with u

of infantry

and

horse,

and interrupted

the,

festival.

In the battle that ensued, many of tho Gaukilled,

dharas were

but the king, pierced to the

koasft

with Krishna's

chalcra, perished,

He

left his

queen Yasabati pregnant, and she was by

tho throne.

Krishna's orders raised to

This step was

opposed by his envious ministers, but he silenced them

by repeating a verse from the Puninas,

the girls of Kashmira are
Parvvatis.

to the

effect that

"Know,"

said

lie,

" that the sovereigns of K&shrnft'a are portions of Hara,

and they should not be hated by the wise even

be wicked and worldly-minded.

if

thoy

Man

does not value the

see in her, their

woman he

enjoys,

but the subjects

In due

will

mother aud goddess."

birth to an
of

course the queen gave

auspicious male child,

and

it

was a sapling

a family which had well-nigh become extinct.

coronation

The

ceremonies of his birth and

were performed

by

Brahmans, aud he grew up and was named Gonauda

after his grandfather.

Two murses wer? employed

for

him, one, his mother, to give him milk, and the other to
do
all /other

work.

His- father's

ministers would bestow

wealth on those on
of a child
Lis lisping
is

whom he would smile, though

left

the smile

meaningless*-

If they oould uot understand

words they

ashamed.

They would

oftwi

KINGS OP KAsQMfEA.
set

him upon

his

father's throno,

his feet

not reaching

the footstool, jyl- while

his hair

wavod

iu tho breeze of

the chamSra, they would nMmimater justice to his subjects

in his presence.
,of

It

was

ai this

time that the great battle

Kiuu Pandava was

After this, the

fought, but he was then an infant,

to

and was not therefore asked

a

help either of the parties.

kings are lost in

names of

thirty-five

the sea of oblivion, as their history has

ten bocause of their irreligiousness.

not been writ-

Tho next king whose name

renowned prince.

is

mentioned was Lava, a

Ho had
ia

a vast aud powerful army

under him, and probably carried on many wars with his

neighbours.
It

said

of

ltini

that the noise of

his

army made. his people

long sleep (death).
it is said,

sleepless,

but lulled his enemies to

He

built

the town of Lolora which,

contained no less thau eighty-four lacs of stoue-

built houses.

Nothing more

is

said of him than that he

bestowed tho village

before
h'is

of Lcvara iu

Ledari on Brahmauas

death.

He was

succeeded by his sou Kusheshaya,

who was a

powerful prince.

Hs

bestowed the village of Kuruliara

on Brahmauas.
His sou Khagendra, wh* succeeded him, was a valorous

and patient king.

He

destroyed

many

'

of the Niigas
of

who were

his

enemies.

He

founded the villages

Kliagikhunn and Musa.

lifter his death his sou

Sui^ndra succeeded him.

of pure character,

He

-.was a prince of great valor,

aud mild

8
tompor.

KINCIfi

OE KisniifaA.

Ho

built near

Darat a town named Saura, and

wise.li

within that town he erected a palace

he named

Narendra Bhavana.

lie died cljildless.

On

his death one

named Godhara, born

of a different

family,

became king.
Brahmauas.
Suvarna,
;

He gave away
who
reigned

the

village

of

Hastlshala. to

His
liberal

son

after to

him,

was ar and

prince

he gave away

gold

boggars,

caused a caual which, he called

duff at Karala.

Snvarua-maui to be
'
;

nis son Janaka was liko a father to his subjects

built

he

Vihlira and

Jalara.

His 60U Shachinara, of forgiving temper and of noble

mind, then ruled the kingdom
Sliamangas&shaudra,
;

he built Raj&grahara autl

He

died childless.

He was
He was

succeeded by Ashoka,

the great grandson

first

of

Sliakuni, and son of king

Shaohinara's

cousin.

a truthful and spotless king, and a follower of

Buddha.

He

caused

many

stupas to be

built

on the

rocky banks of the Vitasta

(Jhelum) at Shushkaletra.

On
so
lie

the extremity of Dharmaranya he built a chaitya

high

that

its

top

could
whiob.

not

be

seen.

It
hiss

was
than

who

built Sriuagara,

coutained^no

ninety-sis lacs of beautiful

houses.

He

pulled

down

the dilapidated wall of

Srivijayesha and built

tlio

compound of the temple of

stone wall in
its

now

stead.

He

also caused to be erected

two palaces near the couiV

yard of that god, and named them Ashoka and lavra.

KINGS OF KASBMfKA.
]n his reign,
it

appears, tho

Mleclichhas (Scythians?)

overran the ctfanTry,

and he retired into privacy and

*

ended his

fife

in devotion.

His brave son Jaloka, said to have been the

Shiva

gift of

whom

he

pleased by his worship, drove back the

Mleclichhas from the country and succeeded in regaining

Ms

father's throne.

An

aocount of his accomplishments,

If a golden
it

would astonish even the gods.

egg wore

thrown into a tank, he could pierce

with his arrow.

He knew
was
tho

the art'of being under water,

by which

devioe

ho enjoyed the youthful daughters of the Nagas.

Ho
and

worshipper of Vijayeshvara,

Namlfaha

Kshetrnjyeshtesha

all,

different representations of Shiva.

His victory over those foreigners, which gained him great

reputation, did not cease with their expulsion

from

his

kingdom,

byt he pursued them

to

tho sea.

Weary
tied

of

battles against
his hair, for

them, ho rested at a place where he

up

which reason the place was named Ujjatathen turned his arms
in

dimba.

He

another direction,
to his kingdom, in

conquered Konouje,

and thence

carried

some men
law and
country,

of each of the four castes,

who were versed

religion.

Before his time, Kashmira was a poor

aud justice was 'not well administered.

of

For

the proper administration

the

country he created

seven new
of

offices, viz.

those of Chief Justice, Chancellor

the

Exchequer,

Treasurer,
Priest

Commander-in-Chief,

Ambassador, i High

an&

Augur.

He

entrusted

the government of Dvira and other places to his queen

10
Ishanadcvi,

kincis

or sAsmifitA.
of

Ho

established eighteen plaoos

oilier crlificea,~iJ
:'

worship,

and

built

"VYiravala anil

used to hear

the Nnudi Purana recited by

fcet

disciple of Vj"4sa.

He

up the god Jcihtharudra

in

Srinagura, and

also wor-

shipped the god Sodurn.

Ifris

narrated of this king that one day,

when he was

going to the temple of Vijaycshvara, ho met a

the

woman

iir

way who asked him

for

somo

food,

and when he prochanged herself

Tor

mised her whatever food she wanted,

inro

.she

somo deformed shapo and asked

kill

human

Ilowh.

Unwilling to
tite,

any

0110 to satisfy

her nnnalural appe-

he pcrmiltod her to take off-what sho liked from his

own body.

This heroic solf-devotiou seemed to move her,

life

and she remarked that for his tender regard for the
<>f

others she

considered

kin<_',

being a follower of

him a second Buddha. The Shiva, did not know Buddha,

and asked her who Buddha was

lie.

whom

she took him to

said,

Sho then

r.nfoldod

her mission and

that on

the other side of the

hill

of Lokfiloka, where tho snn

tribo

never shone, there

lived a

of Kritlika

who wero

the followers of Buddha.

This tribe, she contiuuod with

the eloquence of a missionary,

pj ^th
.tl iriKB

wero never angry even

forgave thorn that

who

did

them

injury,

trespassed agaiust them, and oven did

them good

They

taught truth and wisdom

dispel

to

all,

and wero

willing to

the darkness of ignorance that covered the earth.

this people,"

"

But

she adtfed, " you have injured.

There
of-

Jfn a monastery belonging to us iu which the beating

kin-OS or

Ki&mifiu.
bjj

11

drains

once disturbed your sleep, and incited

the

ad vice of wickuiTmcn you have destroyed the monastery.

The angry Buddhists sent mo to murder you, but our

liigh

priest

interfered

he told me that you were a

powerful monarch, against

to cope. lie said that if

whom we

would not be ,ablc

listen to

you would

mo, and

*build a

monastery with your gold, you would atone

which you aro guilty in destroying tho

for the sins of

former one.

Here

came

therefore

find

tested y^ur
hoi*

heart in disguise."

Kriltidevi then returned to

peo-'

pie after extorting from tho king a promise to bnild a

monastery, and agreeably to bis promise he caused be erected on tho very placo of their meeting.

it

to
,

At Naudikshotra ho caused a houso of Shiva Bhutosha to bo erected and bestowed much wealth on it. It seems On the banks of his laijt dajjs were spent in devotion. the Kunakavahim there was a holy place named Chframoohana,

Here the king performed Lis devotions

for
i

three nights.

At

tho timo of song and dance, one hundred

females of his household rose

Jerihtharudra
god.

up

to dance before the

god
that

aud he

bestowed those

women ou
it

Ho and

his flueen died at Uhiramochann.

Damodara
pear,

II,

then ascended the throne

does not ap-

whether this prince was of Ashoka's line or of some

other dynasty.

He was

very

rich,

and a devout Shaiva,

and

his glory is still

remembered.
tlfe

Ho

contracted friend-

ship with Kuvera, king of

* tribe,

Yak&has, a neighbouring

and caused the Yuk&has to build a bridge crossing u

13

Kiscia

of zismitm.
to the city

swqmp, aud gave the name of Damodarasuda

built

by him

m that swamp.

Ambitions

fat

do something
erect-

uncommonly
ing

beneficial to his people,

he thougffo of

high Btone embankments to prevent inundations,

in

employing the Yakshas

the work.

But an accident

prevented the accomplishment of hia design.

One day

when the king was going to bathe pervious to performing a Shraddha, some hungry Brahmanas asked him for food,
but he disregarded their request and was proceeding to
the river, when, the

Biibmanas by the
*'

fofce of their

wor-

ship brought the river to his feet,

Look

!"

said they,

" hero

is

the Yitasta (Jhelum),

it

now feed

ns."

But

the

king suspected
fur
till

to

be the

effect of

magic,

"

Go away

the present," replied the king, " I will not feed you
I

have bathed."

The Br&hraauas then cursed him

saying that he would ba turned into a serpent.

When
far mitito

much
gated

entreated
it

to

withdraw their curse, they so

king would listen
the

as to say that if the

the

Eamayana from
lie

the beginning to

end in

'one

day,

would again be restored to

his form.

To

this

day,

he

may be

seeu running about at Damodarasuda in the

form of a thirsty serpent.

that even such a good king

Cursed

is

the power of Rishis,

it.

should be destroyed by

The glory

lost

by the force of an enemy

may

be restored
ne-

again, Cut that destroyed by the curse of

Brihmanas

ver comes back.

Then

there were on the throne

jointly,

of

Kishmua

three

kings reigning

namely,

Hushka,

Jushka and

KIHCI3 OF

KASHMflU.

13

If airishka

they built threo cities and called thera oftor

^heir names, ^itsakn also caused a monastery to be built

and another town named Jayasvatnipnra.

Though they

were of Turashka origin, they yet built several monasteries

and places of worship on the plains of ShushkalejM. During their loug reigns Buddhist hermits were all-powerful

in the country,

and

Buddhist

religion

prevailed
Shaky-:

without opposition.

From

the death of

Buddha

ashiha to this time of Lokadhatu,

fifty

one

hundred

and

years had passed.

Nagarjjunn a great Boddhisattva

then Btopped for six days in the woods of Kashmira.

Thou reigned Abhimauyu without an ouemy

Brahmanas.

in the

kingdom, and bestowed the village of Kautakoutsn to

Ho

caused an image of Shiva to bo niado

on whioh his name was inscribed.

called

He

also built

a city
in his

Abhhyanyupura

after

his

name.

It

was

reign that tho grammarians Chaudracharjya

flourished,

and others
great loader
;

and wroto tho history of this king with his

permission.

Tho Buddhists, under

their

Nagivjjuua, continued to gain strength in the country

they not only defeated in argument the Pauditas who

upheld the worship, of Shiva, and rejected the duties

prescribed *iu the Nilapuraua, but
discontinue the ceremonies

had the influence to and worship enjoined by it.

murdered many
'ice

The Niigas,
mountains
year.

in consequence, rose in arms,

people, mostly Buddhists,

;

by rolling down
scenes

from the

ajad carried

on their devastations year by

of tumult, and

The king avoided these

11

KINGS

03? KASHllfttA.'

retired in winter to such places as D&rvvabhis&ra,

&o.

At

last

Cbandradeva, a pious

Brahma

"and a descent

danfc of

Kasyapa, appeased the tumult by worshipping

Shiva who appeared to him in person, prevented the

roljiug of ice,

and restored the

This holy

rites aooording to the

Nflapuraiia.

man had on a

former oooasiou
?

stopped a massaore of tho Yakshas,

Then came Gonanda

the
-wicked

III. to

the throne, and establish-

ed the rites of the Nagas according to the Nilapuilna, and

Buddhists ceased to
king,

be oppressed.
life

He
into

was a good and powerful

the kingdom.

and infused new

He was
It
is

the greatest of his line as

Rama

was in

his.

owing to the virtues of the people that Those who oppress

good kings are born, and then the parts of the kingdom
long dismembered are reacquired.

their subjects perish with their dynasties, wb41e those

relievo

who
the

the oppressed flourish.

From

a study of the

history of this king, the wise will be able to

know

signs of prosperity or adversity with regard to future

kings.

He

reigned for thirty-five years.

his son Tibhishaua
c
I.

After

him

reigned for fifty-three

years and six months.

Then

followed Iudrajitn.
his son
still

And then
Havana may

Havana,
seen.

The

Shivalinga set up by
is

be

This linga

marked with
king dedioated

spots and stripes,

and was kept within a temple, and had

;

the power of prophesy

and

to it the

the whole of his kingdom.

The

reigns of

Havana and

EUTGS OP KiSHMflU.
his father togefchov, extended over

16
thirtytfive

a period of

years and six ftoutns,

Havana's

sou.

Vibhfshaua

II.

then reigned

for thirty-five

years and six months.

Then came
to the throne.

his

sou

Nam L,

sometimes called Kinnara,

for the

Whatever ha did

benefit

of his

subjects turned,
injury.

from want of proper judgment, to

with his queen

theft

Buddhist who lived in a monastery in a

j

certain village eloped

this so enraged

him, that he burnt thousands and thousands of monasteries,

and gave to the Brahmanas, who dwelt at Madhyasupported those monasteries.

raata, the villages that

Ha

built

a town on tho banks of the Vitasta, which he laid

spoils of

out with spacious roads, and adorned with the

other countries.
It was crowded

with rich shops,

and

graced with fruit and flowor gardens, and the river below

was covered with boats.

Now,

in this city

dwelt a Brihmana whose wife (tho

daughter

of

Niga)*
that

was

possessed

of

exceeding

beauty, in so

much

the king heard of her beauty

her.

through

spies,

and became enamoured of

check
his

Not even
heart.

the fear of discredit could

wayward

Then,
trol.

agaii?,

a accident fanned
girl

his passion beyond con-

One day while the

was

sitting

on the terrace

of her house, she saw a horse eating the grain which was
left

drying outside her house.

She

called her servants

See Appendix B.

1G
to ckivo

ktms of

Kisniifiii.

away tho animal, but nono of thorn being

thovo,
ho*>
rIiq

she descended horsolf,

veil

and holding with "one hand

whioh was slipping away owing to the hnstc

mado, sho drove tbo horse by pushing tho animal with

thor othor.

Her palm and

fingers left a golden impress

on tho animal.
as bo was of her,

This tho king heard, and, enamoured

became more

violent.

Ho

first

employdll

persons to seduce her,

who tormontod hor with temptaOn this tho sham ol ess king blind tion, but to no effect. in his passion, asked for her of hef own husband. This
failed
also,

and ho rocoivod only abusivo language

the ofibnded husband.
to

in

return,

from

At
girl.

last

ho sent
the

tome

soldiors

snatoh away

tho

Whilo

soldiors

woro

attacking
his wife

tho

house
thoir exit

on the

front, tho

Brahmaua with

mado

by another way,
isolated

and came to the Naga

sult

for help.

There he

tho

in-

which tho king had intended

to offer to bis daughter. in his vongeauco

fled

The Naga became enraged, and down tho city ; thousands who
shelter were
also

burnt

to

Cliakraehara for

burnt,

and tho Vitasta ran polluted

with scorched
conflagration.

human

remains.

The king perished

Ndga,
iissued

in the

Meanwhile Ilamauf, the

sister of the

out of

hor mountain cave and was coming to her brother's help ;

but wllen about a Yojana from the scene of

action,

sho

heard of her brother's success, and returned homo^ after

laying waste villages to the extent of five Yojanas round.

Tho heaps

of stones with which she destroyed the villag'es

"

EWGS OP

KlSHMfai.'

17
i^aine Nfigct

may

be seon up to this timo and

is

Jtamanyatavi* after having killed

known by tho many men, the

became disgusted with himself and was hated by othevs, he retired from the plaoo, and lived on a distant hill,
where he dug a tank which

may be

seen even to this day

only during the festival of Amareshvarayatra,

*l)is

Near

named Jatnatrisara, which the Brahmana, who through the favor his belonged to father-in-law was made a NSga. The passion of the king may appear to the senseless
tank another was dug
as nothing guilty,

but for that passion Nara

suffered.

I.

suffered

what none over

When

king,

under

the

pretence of protecting his

subjects, oppresses them, ha

generally meets such a death unawares.

that the auger either of a chaste or of a god can

this day, the

Tor it is known woman, or of a Brahmana

three worlds,

destroy tho

Even

to
hill

burnt houses and the tank noar the

Ohakradhara remind tho poople of the occurrence.

This king reigned over a period of thirty-nine years

and nine months, and within this short time the town of Kirmarapura became as beautiful as Gandbarvvapura.
It

was by mere chance that Nara's sou prince Sid ha

was absenUat ^ijayakshetrs when tho catastrophe happened to the king and his capital, and thus his life was
saved from the general ruin.

He

set himself to repairing

tho ravages done in the last reign.

character and led a pure
peace.
life,

He

was of a religious
his

and passed

days in

The misfortune

of his father was an instruction

IS
io

KINGS OF KiSnilfBA.

him

and

tliougli
all

surrouuded by pleasures ho kopl

lie disregarded riches,
in

kimlolf clear of

tomptatious.

and bad

his

god

Mahadeva

<

always

ms'nd

when-"

ever he did any thing.

After a reign of sixty years he

with his servants went up bodily to Mah&dovaloka, and

tho'gods for seven days beat drums and published tho
fact.

Tho

servants

attachment to
son, they

Nara camo to grief becauBo of their him, but when they came to serve his
of

wero admired by tho world booausc they wont

wTlh him to heavon.

Thoy who take

shelter with others

always share the same fate with those who sholter them, be
it

good or bad.

Tho

grass,

made

into

a rope, desof flowers

cends into the well, but in the

ascends on the heads of the gods.

company

His son Utpalaksha, so named from the beauty of

eyes,

his

then roigned for thirty years and six mouths.

Ho

was suoceoded by
after his

his son Hiranyfikshtf,

Ho

built

a oity called

own name, and reigned

for thirty-

seven years and seven months.

His son Hiranyakula succeeded him and reigned

years.

sixty

And then
came

his son

Mukula, sometimes called Vasukula,

to the throne.

He

also reigned for sixty years.

In

this roign the Mleohchhas overran Kaallmira.

He was

succoeded by his son Mihirakula,

who was

as

cruel as Death.

Day and

night were

men murdered by
;

his orders, even in places of his

amusement

he relented

not even towards boys or women, nor inspected the aged;

KINGS OF KASHMfBA.

19
were

and

his presence

and that of
o?*crows

his

army,

known by
queen

the assemblage

and

vultures that foasted ou

the

dead.* Once

he

Baft

the

breasts of his

marked with
him,

foot-prints of a goldeu color.

This enraged

aud he

called

for

explanation from the keeper of

replied

the zenana.

The keeper
clothes

that the queen wore a

boddice made

of Ceylon cloth, aud that the Cingalese

marked

their

with goldeu
of their king.

foot-marks which

denoted tho foot-prints

Whereupon he
iJe

reachod the Southern Sea

and invaded Ceylon.

his throne,

assuaged his anger by killing tho king of tho place, set

up

another, a

oruol

man on

aud returned to
picture of

his kingdom, briugiug with

him from Ceylon a

the sua

named Ushadeva.
on
his

On

his

return he passed

through Chola, Karuata, Nita, &c.

places fled

The kings
returned

of these to
their

approach,

and

ravaged oapi?als after he had gone away.

When

entering

Kashmira, one hundred of his

elephants were startled

fallen into

by the

cries of

one elephant which had

a den,

and the king ordered the hundred elephants to be killed. As the touch of the sinful pollutes the body,
so the narration of his history pollutes the speech.

One

day when

Ije

was descending in to the

river Chandra-

kuly, on his

way

stood a heavy blook of stone which

could not he moved.

Now, he dreamt a dream,

it,

after-

wards, that the gods spoke unto him, and said, that a

Yaksha, (a

spirit,)

resided in

and

that

it

could not be

m,oved but by" a chaste womau.

He

then put his dream

20
to proof,

KINGS QV Ki^nililU.

and many a
till

citizen's wifo

tried

to

move

thai

stone in vain,
plishod tho feat.

Chandravati, wifef a potior, aocomto find so

The king was enraged

;

many

women

imohaste

he orderod them

to bo

killod together
kotis in all
I

with their husbands, sous and brothers, threo

Tins action
is

lauded by some, but such massacro should

be condemned. That tho people did not rebel against the^r

king and
kill

him, was because the gods defended him.

did

However he
Sihireshvara,

somo virtuous

acts

ho set up tho god

named

after him, in Shrhifgara,

and found-

ed a great city in Ilola called Mihirapura after his namo.

He

also besfcowod

some

villages

on the Drahmaiias

of

Gandhft-a,

who were
so

equally vicious with tho kiug.

Those

Brahmanas woro
sisters

shameless as to cohabit with their

their sons.

and the wives of

It
is

Thoy were born

of

Mleohohhas.

a wonder that such people over existed.

They

sold their wives as they did other articles, and their

wives too were shameless enough to live with others.

Tho

rainy season pleases the peacocks, and a clear autumn

pleases the Jiansas;
receive, are of the

so he

who

gives,

and they who

this

samo temper.
became

In his old age

terror of the world

infirm,

and suffered from

many

maladies.

He

therefor? caused a fire to,bo kindled,

into the flame. "^And at the

and voluntarily entered

the king
for

lime

of his /leath ho hoard hoavenly voioe proclaimed that even

who

killed three kotis of

mon

entered

heaven,
*

ho was cruel to his own person.

KINGS OF KiHmiflU.

gj.

Some
tillages.

say that Jiis sins were

r

palliated by lug gift of

JJhe"y sfiy

who were born

of

when these Brahmanas of Darad Mlcchchhas, and who sold their wives,
that

spread themselves in the country, the king established

many good

rites

and extended the

Kingdom of 4he
last

Aryas and performed hard tapa, and at

to the flames.

gave his body

He

gavo thousands of villages in Vijayeah-

vara to the Brahmanas of Gandhara.

falling into tho fjre

Thus died the king

&,,

which kindled on swords, rasors

sins.

and thus he expiated his

years.

Ho

reigned for seventy

Aftor

liia

death tho citizens raised his son Vnko, a

first

very-

good prince, to the throno. At

of

they wore mistrustful

him

as they

wcro of his father, but in course of time welcomes the rains

as
if,

they liked him, aud welcomed his reign after that of his
predecessor, as one
aftor

summer.

Virtue

roturnetl,

from another world, and safety

from

exile in the forest

aud peace and security wero

re-established in tho kingdom.

Ho

founded a city named

devotee,

Lavauotsa.

At

last,

Vatta, a

female

came
at

to

the king one night in the shape of a beautiful woman,

aud with enticing words persuaded him to be present

religious festival
.t

her place.

There the king went, but

ho with
his

instead

of witnessing a festival,
all

many

sons

aud grandsons wore

stoni;,,

sacrificed

except one son.

knees,
;

A
tin's

marked with the impression of hor

is

as sho

knelt to sacrifice the king,

horrid tale
is

still

to

be seen

and

even now related in tho monasteries aC

22
Khy-a.

KINGS 01 KiSHMfBA,
This king reiguod for sixly-throo
f

years

and

thirteen days.

The

surviving priuoo

Kshilinanda thon roigucd

for

thirty years.

yasuuanda,

his son,

thon asoouded the throne,

and
*

reigned for fifty-two yoars and two months.

Tina prinoo

was the originator of the science of

love.

He

was succeeded by

his son

Kara II,

-who

roigucd

fjr sixty years.

And

ha was succeeded by his son Aksha

who

also

roigned for sixty years.

after his

He

built a holy plaoe called

He was
was
like

name Akshav&la. succeeded by his son Gopaditya.

Satya Yuga.

His reign
of

He

bestowed the villages

SakkolakhagikaMii, Skandapura and Sham&ugadimukha

on Br&htnanas, and some other villages on the Brahmanas

of

Dr&vira.

Ho

oxpolled

from

bis

country
garlic,

Bevcral

irroligious

BrChmanaa who used to oat

brought

othors of the caste

from foreign countries and induced

them

to settle in Vishchika

&c, He
pardoned

set

up a god named
slaughter
of

Jeshteshvara,

He
for

never

the

animals except

religious purposes.

He

died after a

reigu of sixty years and six days.

His son Gokarna then succeeded him, and

set

up a god

GokarrTa after his name, and reigued for fifty-seven years

and oleveu months.

He was

succeeded by his son Narondriditya otherwiso

called Khingkhila.

Ho

set

up a god named Bhutesvara,

KINGS OP KA&USlfr.A,

23
TJgra

and a goddoss Aksbayiui.

Ilia religious instructor

8et up auotkof god Ugresha, and ten goddesses

called ATatri Chakra.

who wore

After a reign of thirty-six years

and a hundred days, this virtuous king died. His sou named Yudhishthira thon ascended the throie
he was called
h*s oyos.
IIo
the blind

on account of the smallness of

began his rule over bis anoestral kingdom

a short time, he became excee4-

with great care, and maintained the ancient lawB of the

country.

But

after

ingly vain of his royal affluence, took into his favor igno-

rant and unworthy persons, and became indifforent to the

wise servants of the state. In distributing favors, ho

made
laltor

no distinction between

fools

and the
in a

wise,

and the

therefore kept themselves

away from

his court in disgust.

To

see all alike

is

virtue

hermit,

but

is

a fault

in a king.

got ascendancy over him,

pet,

The Brahmauas who and mado

wore his flatterers soon

him. a

mere pup-

His gaity and lightness with these Brahmauas became

dangerous to men, and his favor uncertain and fleeting j

for ho

would

abu-je those in their absence,

whom

in their

presence he favored, and so

ho became an object of
and got the army

hatred to men.
his throne.*

In short ho endangered the stability of

Hisjninistera rebelled,

under their command.

They

also

made

allianoo with
offer,

the neighbouring kings, who, encouraged by their

and .hoping

to get possession of

Kasbmira, kept fchemsebes

to act,

as watchful as vultures.

The king knew not how

nor could any means bo devised to keep the kingdom

21

KIKU3 Or KASmilBA.

,-iafe.

Ho

at first iriod to reconcile his rebellious ministers,

but in vain.

For the ministers feared

thfii,

^should

thC

Icing find hiin&olf again firmly seated

on his tbrono,

ho

would
and.

kill

them ;

thoir rebellion wua openly proclaimed,

they could not recede.

minibters with their

Tho
palace,

army now
trumpets,

laid

siege

to

the
tfio

sounding

their

and

clouding

top of the palace -with the baunoi's

tfioir

which waved over

to

elephants.
I

The

kins; at
city.

last

came

terms.

He

agreed to re

iro

from tho

As ho

issuod

out of his

palace with his seraglio

and

troasure,

and pasaod tho

dusly

streets, tho

people wept to see his altered condition.

The
and

besiegers, however,
riches.
sit

robbed him of some of his women

of walking

When weary

among
trco,

tho rocks,

ho would

under tho shadow of a

and thou ho
by travelsleep,

would again
ling.

set out again, to bo^uilo his grief

Sotnetiin.es

ho would bo awakened from his

by the noise of

his

enemy

at

a dutauoo,

and might bo

seen cveopiug into some fountain cavern 1o hide himself.

Ofton weary of penotratmg through woods,

the streams, his tender

or

crossing

micem would

faint

away.

Some-

timed they would turn their backs and soe tho kingdom

they once enjoyed, and would weopralid

'strike their

heads with their palms, aud mingle thoir tears with the
wnteia of tho fountains.

Sometimes from tho lop

fair

of a

mountain they would look on tho

ouco their homo, and bid a
la>t

realm of K&sbmiro,

farowoll.

Even tho

birds

wept to see them do

tin*

At

last

gome neighbouring

KINGS OF EABHMfBA.
king
felt pity fov

25
bis pro-

Yndhiahthira, took

him under

jection,

and

consoled,
first

him

for his misfortunes.

Here eudftlie

took of ESjatarangini by Kahlana,

son of Champaka prabhu, the great minister of Kiahmfra.

There reigued* thirty-eight kings for a period of 1015

years 8 months and 9 days.

* la another place it is stated that only twenty-one kings reigned during the above-mentioned period,

26

BOOK

II.

[Invocation to Mohidbva and Piiivati as one.]

Yudhishthira

in his old

age relinquished

all

hopes

of
all

regaining Lis kingdom, aud

much humbled, abandoned

enjoyments.

But others maintain that he was

confined

by

his

ministers in fort Agalika as he was attempting

to get back his kingdom.

^.fter deposing Yudhishthira the ministers coronated one

Pratipaditya, a relative of Vikramaditya, king of some

distant country.
this

Some

writers erroneously believe, that

[of Oujin],

was Vikramiditya

the

enemy

of Saka.

The kingdom was torn by internal discord and was for some time governed by Harsha and other kings. Pratipaditya ruled well and died
years.
after

a roign of thirty-two

He was
derived his

succeeded by his son Jalauka.

This prince

glory from his father, and reigned with equal

it

glory for the same period as his father,

full

was

like .the

moon which

succeeds the sun

when days and nights

are equal.

Him

succeeded his son Tungjina, who shared the admi-

nistration

with his queen.

This king'and queen graced

the

the world as the Ganges and the Crescent beautify

hair of shiva.

They governed

well the country inhabit-

ed by people of the several castes aud beautiful us the

bow

of Indra borue on two

clouds.

They

built

a city

kings of Kisnwfiu.

27

geshvara.

named Katika, and raised a temple to Mahadeva TunThey afcfo planted trees in the burning plains
"

of Mirava.

In their reigu lived Ohandraka a partial

in-

carnation of Vayasa the great poet.

of dance.

He

invented a sort

severo calamity visited the kingdom in this

reign, as if to tesb the noble hearts of the sovereigns.

In

the season of autumn, in the

month
aali

of Bhidra,

a sudden

and heavy
ripeuiug,

frost blighted the

grain that was then

and the couscqueuoe was a severe famine which

Natural feelings

threatened the destruction of Lhe people.

were smothered,
then rcnicmbored.

nor shame nor pride nor nobility was

Every one beoamo mad with hunger,

or sou or father, but devoured what

nor cared

for his wife

he could get, unmindful of the solicitations of his wife or

child,

sou or father

weak and famished

bare

with hunger.

Men
sight

were reduced to
;

skeletons disgusting to the

they abused and fought with one another for food,

aud oppressed with hunger they cast their eyes on every

direction eager to
satisfy

their

appetite by

destroying

every living thing.

aud the

At this time of distress, the king queen showed the greatest humanity j they
and
fed

invited the people to their palace

them

they im-

ported rice, frojn other oowntries, defraying tho expenses

from their own treasury, as well as from those of their

ministers
;

and fed the people day aud night.

iu houses,

Evesy one
or wander-

was taken oare of whether residing

ing in woods or
streets

or in the burning ghat.

One

night

when

the king found that his treasures were spent,

28
and there was no
to his

KINGS
rice,

03?

KiSHMfrlA.

he was muoh grieved and

queon
!

said

queen

" Surely

foV

some

sins of ours

this groat

calamity has bofallen oar people."

are

Wo

is

me

before whose eyes these people

dying of hunger
subjects,

and since I cannot save these our helpless

is

what

the use of

my

living?

In consequenoe of muoh anxi-

ous oare and attention there has been no mortality as yet

But now that the earth

prived
all glory,

is

reduced
left to

to poverty

and

de-

no means are

deliver

the people the end of

from this great oalamity.

the world
is

It seems that

nigh; the mountain passes are blocked up

is

with snow, and there

no way

left

for people to

go

out of the country ; and they are doomed to die here.

See

how

the men, the heroic,

the wise and the learned

in our
Bide,

have been reduood.

How

days of prosperity,
it
is

splendour smiled on every

and now
I
see

gone.
to

Let

me

perish in the

flames

sinoe

no means

relieve

my

suBjoots,

and I

am

unable to soo them

die.

Happy
sons,

are those kings

who seeing

their subjects' as thoir

at ease, oan pass their nights in poaoe."

Thus

say-

ing, the tender-hearted king fell

on his bed, and covering

There was

his

face with oloth

began to weep profusely.

no wind, and the lamp burnt steadily with a long flame.

The queen saw him in that condition and thus consoled him *" How the misfortune of your subjeots has turned
:

your sense that you lose your patience and behave

vulgar
it.

like

men

If the evil be inevitable,

no one oan "avert

But

failure reflects

no discredit on the great.

Women

KINGS OF KiSHMfai.
should
faithful,

29
should

love their husbands,

ministers

remain

and the

kiflg

should proteot his subjects withaffair.

out deviating his attention to any other

kiug
!

Arise

my

words are never spokeu in

is

vain,

your sub-

jects' distress

over."

When
on them.

the

queeu had finished

her noble speech, dead pigeons dropped in every house

ajtd

the people

lived

The kiug saw

this

and

relinquished his

intention

of committing suicide.
life

But

lothed to

destroy animal

the
birds.

queen contrived to

prevent the supply

of these

In the meantime

the sky cleared

up and the famine disappeared.

The

queen gave the villages of Katimushtt and

to Brahmanas.
years,

Rimusha
perished
is

The kiug died

after a reign

of thirty-six

and

his

queen, uuablo to bear the

affliction,

by burniug

herself.

The place where she died

rest

called

V&kkashtatavi.
erected,

There a place of

for travellers

was

and many weary wanderers from various countries

are fed even to this day.

They died without

son,

issue.

God
sugar-

did not favor

rate

them with a
fruit,

but what can commemoaots.

them

better thau their

own

The sweet

cane bears no

but no fruits could be sweeter.

Some

say that the queen perished in the flames,

because she

thought that

the. famine wets brought in by her sins. They were succeeded by one Vijaya of a different

dynasty.

He

built a

town named Vijayeshvara aud reignson Jayendra of great fame,

ed for eight years.

He was succeeded by

his

whose long arms reached to his knees.

He had

a minister

HO

KINCS
Saudhimati,
loil

01?

nASIlMillA.

named
designs
to

a devout worshippor of Shiva

flattorors

but
evil

the king

by

his

suspoctod
PIo

him

of

bocauso of his groat wisdom.

was forbidden

approaoh tho king, his properly was ooufisoaled, and

he was reduced to povorty for the rest of his days.

Nor
for

was 'there any

officer

of tho court

who spoko

to

him,

the oourtiers are but the eohoes of the king.

the anger of the king nor
his

But

neither

own poverty
days

ruffled his

tempor;

for

still

he passed his

happily in the

worship of his god.

suffered
to

Even

in his devotions

ho

was not

remain in peace.

There was a rumour that

reign,

the time would oome

when Sandhimati would

the

His

enemies at court hinted to the king that

ex-minister

had spread
probable

this

rumour

and

Iho king, alarmed at the

consoquencos,

throw Sandhimati into prison,

There ho remained
for ten

chained with a heavy ohaiu.

years
till

the

time of the king's death.

kifig

Whon

tho last

days of the

approached) tho pain of his illness was

aggravated by his fear that the imprisoned Sandhimati

would succeed him,

his anxieties,

as he

was

childloss.

And

to

remove

he intended

to

execute

the

minister.

But
in

however wisely man may contrive

the power of Fate, to turn
it -to

for his good,

evil..

it is

his

If there
it

be
if

a spark of

firo,

and
it

man

wishes to put

out,

aud

Fate would have

othorwise, the

man
it

mistakos the pot

fire.

of melted ghee for water and pours

over the

Now

by tho

cruel

king's order tho oxocutionors impalod'Sau-

duinmti in the uighl,

and when the king heard that

KINGS OP KiSIIllfUA.
the minister was dead, his heart became light
died soon after.

01

but he

41 o reigned for thirty seven years, "and

died withoufifa child.

king.

The kingdom was for a At last Sandhimati,

to

few
[

days
it

left

without

who,
']

appears, was falsely

reported to the king as dead,

cjfizons

was selected by the

reign

over them

and he reluctantly, and

only ot the request of his guru, ascended the throne.

Dressed in royal clothes,
1

and midst the shouts of his

in his way,

subject ? who scattered parched grain

tered tho capital with his army.

he en-

An

experienced

man

as

he was, ho governed wisely,

did every thing in a perfect
ceptible to
peaceful.

without being taught, and

manner.

lie

was not sushis reign

the

fascinations of

women and
tho

was

He was

ever plea&ed with burning incense and

in

camphor; and though regular

duties,

discharge of regal
viz.,

he would ofton go to visit different Shivas,

Bhutesha Bardhanianisha Vijayesha and Iah&na and would

feel pleasu.ro

oven in breathing the

air that

blew from the

water with
listeu-

temple of Hara, bearing the particles

of

the

which the steps of the temple were washed, or of

iug to
god.

the sound of tho water as

it

was poured over the

deits

He

alone

knew the Jiappiness which may be

of Shiva, beautiful
in
after the

rived from visiting tho image

simplicity,

and washed

morning

service.

Every

day he

made one thousaud

*

Shiva-lingas.

If

through

Soc Appendix 0.

32

KINdS OF KiSIIMfRA.
lie

any accident
servants to

failed

to

do

this,

he would order
their

his

collect

a thousand stoifos in

stead;
river
of

and after worship, threw

which looked
stones
like

them into a tank

a
filled his

or

Narmadi ; and such

collection

is still to

be seen.

He

court with Rishis,

heads,

besraearod with ashes and mthjatds in their

his country

and

with largo templos and large lingas, wi^h

of bulls,

big images

and huge
to

tridents.

The

villages

and
since

gifts

which he gave away

reolairaed.

the gods have however

been

In the plaoe for burning the dead,

life,*

where he was revived into

he set up a Shiva

named

Sandhishvara,

and another

uamed
raised

Isheshvara

after the

name

of his gu.ru.

He
to

also

houses and

images, temples and lingas at Ksheda,

Bhima, Devi, and

other plaoes.

He

alone

knew

enjoy Kashmiri purified

with images of Shiva and holy places.

of Chaitra he used
flowers,

In

tlio

mouth

to bathe in a fountain in

whioh the

with which his god was worshipped, were thrown,

Iu the heat of summer he lived in cool retroats in

the woods, and
there beside a tank

he

would

sit

and

contemplate on Shiva.
his

In

god beside some tank,

autumn he would worship and in the month of Mighu

he would keep up nights with the Rishis.

continued devotion but
his
ill

life of

pleased

his

subjects,

as

all

tinw was spent in devotions, and he had none

to

spare for the

management
*

of His kingdom.

His subjeots
ft

See Appendix C.

KINGS OF KiSHMfrU.
therefota

33

began to look for another

;

whom
hear

they could
that there

raiso to the throne

*nd they came

to

lived an ambitious prinoe

of the

line of Yudhishthira, the

Blind.

Gopiditya, the king of G&udhara, in

the hope

of

oonqueriug Kashmira, had given shelter to

grand-son of Yudhishthira.

the graat

This exiled prince had a son

his father sent

named Meghavihaua, whom

try of East Yotisha to be

to the coun-

present
its

at the Sayamvara

marriage of the daughter of

vitej and

king who was a Vismsof being selected as the

also

ho had the fortuuo

husband of the princess.

He was

presented

with

an umbrella, which was got from Varuna by king Narakft and which
cast ita

shade on none but a paramount king.

in

This connection gave him some importance

of the people
to power.
father,

the

eyes
rise

who believed that ho would one day And after his return with his wife to
their

his

the ministers of Kashmira invited him to accept

oountry,

the sceptre of

he being the

descend-

ant of their ancient king.

Aryyarija,

Saudhimati, othorwise called

found his kingdom

weakened by internal
to

disagreement,

but took no

steps

mend

matters,
office,

On

the coul^'ary,
that

he was .anxious to resign his

tutelary

bolioving

lfis

god had given him a

fitting

opportunity to relieve

himself of his kingdom, ,aud to

engage himself in devotion,

He

thought

himself happy

that "in the midst of the enjoyments of the kingdom,

hg did not forget his various duties which were yet to bo

34

SINGS

03?

SAsiuifiu.

performed ; and he was glad that he would rosign

Lhe

kingdom
to do it
hia reign

of his
force
;

owu

free

will,

an& was not oompellcd

of

by

and that during the long period

been no misrule.

there had

" Fortunately"
offloo,

he said " I

am

not grieved to resigu

it".

my

nor blame
his mind
subjects

my fortune for
a kingdom in

Thus

resolved,

and making
his

itself,

ho one day assembled

their

and resigned the kingdom into

of forty-sovon
years, as
if

hands
to

after

a reign

he returned

them what was

tried

entrusted to him for safe keeping.

to

LJany people
vain.

induce him

to retaiu his offioe,

it,

but in

Having

once resigned
again.

he refused to accept the

and,

kingdom
oloth

Dressed as a hermit,

clad

in

white

and without a turban, he went on foot towards the north

like

a devotee, spoaking to none, and fixing his eyes on

his feet.

Many

of his late subjects followed

him weepfour

ing silently.
miles,

After

he had proceeded move than

he sont them back.
In
this

he sat down

under a tree, and having consoled his

weeping followers,

way

he

proceeded, loitering at the foot of the

hills,

and as he

went on further

his subjects gradually left him.

With

a few attendants he began to

last taking leave of his last

ascend tho mountains. At

woepiug followers, he enterhermit slept in his oavorn

ed the woods, where

many

a.

home.

There

iu

the evening ho built a cottage beside

it

a tank, and within

made a bed
of the
hills,

of leaves,

keeping his

water in a pot made

same material.
tho

The moon
variegated

shone ou tho top of the

new

grass

KINGS OF KiSHJlfOA.
the color at tho base of the

35
there

mountains

beneath

the Mallikt tree slept the milk

women
lulled

and there was

tho weary

heard the mrisTo of the fountains mingled with that of

the goat herds' lute, all these
to rest.

king

The howl

of the wild

beasts,

and the cry of

Eising frdm
re-

Jcarlaretu told

him

that the night was past.

his sleep,

he performed his morning devotions and

paired to the oelebrated shrine of Sodara.

There in

Nandikshetra he stood before the image of Mahadeva

besmeared with aghes, his locks of hair

holding a garland
of seods,

tied,

his

hand*

while

the old rishis looked

on him with surprise.

lie spout

his

days in devotions

and begging alms.

Here ends the second book of tho Rajatarangini by
Kahlana, son of Champakapravu, the great
Kftshmfra.

minister of

There reigned

six

kings over a period of one

hundred and ninety-two years.

were forty-four kings.

From

the beginning there

36

BOOK
[Invocation to

111.

Haha

Parvati. as usual,]

After tbe
tlra

resignation and retirement of the late king,

ministers

who presided over the counoil of

and.

the people,

went to Q&ndhara,
Meghavihana,

brought with them the renowned

;

whom

they crowned king

and.

who him

after-

wards proved to be a good and kind-hearted sovereign

and the

expectations that were

entertained of
life

were

fully realized.

His tenderness for animal

was even
forbade

greater than that of a Buddhist high priest.

He

the slaughter of animals in his kingdom, and as compensation to the hunters

who

lived

by

killing animals, bo

paid them money.

village

He

performed two yajugas.

He

built a

named Megbavana and peopled it with Brahmanas and set up a monastery named Meghamatha. His queen Amritaprabha <oaused a Yih&ra named Amritabhavana to
be built for Buddhists, and another of his queens Yukadevi, in emulation

of her

rival, built

a wonderful Vihara

at

Nadavana, one half of which

edifice

was ocoupied by

Bbuddhist students, and in tbe other half lived

men

of

the same persuasion with their, wives aud family. Another

of his queens, Indradevf, built a high rectangular monas-

tery and

called

it

Indradevibhavana after her name,

<fco.

Others of his queens Kbidana, Masroa,

followed the
oalling "them
r

same example, building monasteries and

after

their respective

names.

This prince led an

ei-

KINGS OF KiSHMfUi.
peditioa to compel other

37

kings

to

desist

from killing

animals; and carriecV Sis arms to the sea, and even

to
.

Ceylon, making the subaued kings promise not to

animals.*"

kill

Ceylon, his

trees.

When he reached the hill of Eohaua army rested under the shadows of palm Vibhfshana, the king of the country, met him oih
and loud ohantings.

friendly terms with songs

Then

the

king of Langki led the king of Kashmira to Langka,

and entertained him.

He

forebade the use of flesh

largely

among
it.

his subjects, who, as Rakshasas,

consumed
several

Vibhhliana then gave the king

of

Kashmha

flags in

which the IUkshasas were represented in a bow-

ing posture.
a king of

Even

to

this

day on every occasion that

flags)

KSshmira goes

out, these

which are called

Paradhvajas, are borne before him.

use of animal food even in

Thus he forbade the the kingdom of the Rakshasas

and then returned to his own.

violated

From

that

time none

the king's

order

against the

destruction of

animals, neither la water, uor in the

skies,

nor in forests

did animals

kill

one another.

We

are ashamed to relate

the history of this good king to vulgar

men, but those

who
taste

write according to the Iiishis

do not care for the

after

of

thew hearers. The king died

a reign of

thirty four years.

He
set

was succeeded by his son Shreshtasena who, was

soon known as Pravarasena and also as Tungjina.

Ho

up the images known as Matrichakra and Pravar* See

Appendix D.

H8
eshvrn,

TilSGS

OF KASHMfllA.
places.
The

and

several

other images in old

'

jinnee thought that the whole wbild was entirely

to him,

subieot
{

and dedicated Trigartta

set up.

to the

god Pravareshvan
and
to

which he had

He

ruled over other kings,

reigned for thirty years with mercy.

He

always liked

'use his jewelled sword.

Of

his

two

sons,

Hiranya became

king,

and

forathe

mina

assisted his

brother in the administration of

kingdom.

Now

the latter forbade the use of the ooim

struck by king Vila, and largely circulated the Dium

1

as coined by himself.

This brought on him the

it

king'*
<

displeasure,

who looked upon

as a

mark

of disrespect
Torara&na's

towards himself, and imprisoned his brother.

wife A-ngjanfi, daughter of Vajrendra of the line of Iksta

ltu,

shared her husband's confinement, and in the

prison

she became pregnant

secretly delivered of

In the fulness

of time she bouse,

was
being
the
to

a boy in a

potter's

shamed
its

of publicity.

The

potter's wife brought

up
and

child, its real parentage

being

known only

to Tier

mother.

called

And at the mother's request the child was by the name of its grandfather, (father's father).
disliked the companionship
of

As

the child grew up, he

the sons of the potter's neighbours, an,d the people

often
nobi-

wondered to see him play with the children of the

lity f and of

the wise.

At pastimes

his

companions would

select

him
to

as king, and he would keep

them under ha
allow

control,

and bestow favors on them, nor would- he

do anything wrong.

them

The earth which the

pcttei

KINGS
(

01?

KAsroifBA.

j<)

gave
It

him

to

make

pots, ha wcrald convert to f%u>altnt/ui>.

so

happened, thatJ^myendra,

the

maternal uucle

of*

the boy,

met him one day

iu his play,

and carressed him

Jbut seeing

something extraordinary in the boy and per-with his sister's bus-

ceiving

some resemblance in him

band, suspected the

truth about bis birth.

The boy did

the uucle
potter's

not Jiuow him, and remained

quite indifferent though

ouriosity,

informed of his name.

followed the obi Id
house,
sister

Drawn by

and entered with him

sister.

iuto the

and there discovered his

The brother and

grief.

looked on e*cW>ther and sighed and wept in

potter's wife

Then the boy asked the

sho, " this is

whom

he used to

address as his mother,

who they

were,

" Child," said

your mother, and this your maternal uncle."

his

The child became angry on hearing the account of

father's

confinement and acting on the advice of his uncle

(who soon after returned to his country) found means

to deliver his father

from his prison, but the poor

man
too

died soon after.

His mother then attempted

suicide,

but was prevented by her son from so doiug.

felt

He

the worthlcssness of the

world, and set out on

pilgrimage.
thirty years

At
asd

this time

died

Hiranya

after a reign of

tjvo mojithsf without leaving

any

issue.

At

this

time there reigued a powerful king at Ujjayiui

called Harsha.

named Yikram&difcya otherwise

ohha
tribe.

He

subdu-

ed the whole world, and destroyed

the Shakas, a IVUech-

He was

man

blessed with

uncommon good

fortune,

and was also a great patron of the learned.

Now

40

KINGS OF Ki.BHMfRA.
\

in his court lived a great poet

named

Mfitrigupta whose
visited several

fame spread over many ooun tries ~ "He had

courts,

and at

lost fixed his residence at ifjjayini, induced

by the

liberality

and

justice of its king,

and hoping

that

>

his servioes

would be rewarded by one who

discerned

the merits of

persons, and did not favor the hypocritical,

the quarrelsome, or the pretentious.

just awards had gained the
hearts

The king
of all men,

by.bis

and

no
of

man

of lore

had

to

murmur

at the

gifts

he received

the king.

He marked
if

the assiduity

him, and

one could not please

ot those who served hicr by his work, his

labor was indeed futile, like selling ice in the Himalayas,

Ho had no

servants to pander to his^lust, or to speak

ill

of others, or

who were

jealous of strangers.

He

did

not

take the advice of conceited or self-willed persons, and

even a bad man who was once acquainted with

loved him.

him,

"Since by

my

good

fortune,"

thought

M&trigupta, " I have come to this king, I see

well nigh
fulfilled."

my

hopes
this
in

So he determined

to' serve

wise and sober king,

different
courts.

and no more to wander about

Thus determining, he used to attend the court, as ordered by the king, but would not take his seat among the learned? Siyery op.e who is learned
is

not great, thought the king, but this man's earnestness

requires special notice.

In order to

test

his merits, the

king did not at

first

show him any

favor.

He

gladly

continued, however, to serve the king, and his services

were neither too showy nor too meagre, nor was the

KINGS

01?

KiSHMfBA.'

41

king displeased with. him. ftlatrigupta followed his master

like his shadow, iu oatflr to

gaiu his favor.

He would
sit

not look on the female servants of the king, nor

those

with

who envied his master, nor would he speak with

nor would
tell

the vulgar in the king's preseuoe,

him

whatever evil things the envious oourtiers had saidof

the king.

He

did not mind the jokes of

the royal

servants, but

would patiently serve his majesty whatever

to his master.

others might say to lessen his attachment

He

would freely speak of the merits of other men and show his nwn.j Ha was liked by the courtiers. And
thus he passed one year.

One day when the king was going out, he saw this man weak and emaoiated, and wearing a torn pieoe of
cloth
;

and he

felt

grieved that in order to test his merit

he had suffered this poor though worthy and persevering

man, wandering friendless

iu suoh affliction
;

iu

foi-eign country, to

remain

that he had left him to suffer in heat

notioe as to

and

man

how this poor who gave him medicine when he was ill, who consoled him when he was grieved, or who soothed him when he was weary. What could
in cold without taking

ate or clothed himself, as to

he possibly jgive in return^that he had subjected him to

so hard a test
1

The king could not think

rolled
oil
till it

of anything

he would give him as an adequate recompense for his

services.
*

Thus time
severe winter.
short,

was winter, and

direction,
to

it wtia a,

It was dark in every

dg,ya

beoame

and the sun hurried .to the sea

fire

warm

himself in the

within

ifc.

42

KINGS OF KlSHMfttA.

Now,
night
;

it so

happened that the king awoke

in his bed oue

the

fire

was burning

briglitft

in

his

room, but

the lamp was flickering

to stir the

in the cold
for

breeze,

and

iuorder

lamp he

called out

his

guards.

But

all

were sleeping at ease, and to his

tlte

call

"who waits outsider

Matrigupta."
Then,
aiid

king only heard the reply, "

king's order,

by the

he entered the splendid room

stirred the lamp.

And
wait.

as he was hurrying out, the king

ordered him

to

Trembling with fear and

cold,

Mfitrigupta waited there.

The king

Jjban

asked him

how much
replied he.
night,

of the night

yet

remameder-W One prahara"

"

How

is it

that you

know the hour

when
if

of the

and why did you not

sleep,"

enquired the king,

Considering this to be the opportunity

his condition, his fate
or for said
:

he related

would be deoided
of anxiety,

either for good

" Sunk iu the sea

evil,

Matrigupta quickly composed a verse and

and oppressed by

the chilling month, while hunger has mellowed

my

voice,

my

lips are quivering,

speaking of contentment within

-wife

and sleep like an abused

good king."

has fled far from

me
of a

and the night to me endurebli long, like the reign

The king heard him, and

pJaQfi^,

after consoling

him, sent him baok to his

reproaching himself

that even after knowing the sorrows Sf a worthy man,

he had. not yet resolved what to do.

" The

man must

be

grieved to think," said the king to himself, " that

have

taken his case so coolly.

j

Though

have been .thfnkiug

of giving him.

something for a long time, I have not jet

KINGS OP KiSHMflU.
found out what to give.

43

His good words now remind

is

me

that the beautiftS^cingdom of Kashrnira

at present

without a king, and I will bestow that

superseding other suppliant kings."

kingdom on him

Fully bent on this

purpose the king despatched messengers privately that

very night ordering the Kushmlrians to
hesitation one
his order.

crown withtfut

named Matrigupta who would produce And when the messenger had gone, he did
order

not again sleop that night before be had got his

written out.

0^

the

other hand, Matrigupta became

disheartened njjdjiought that his conversation with the

king had boon of no

avail.

" I have
is

done

my
at

duty,"
;

thought ho, " and

my

expectation

now

an end

now devoid
peace.
to believe,

of further

hopes I shall wander about in

I

Through souio unavoidable mistake

from what
I

was led
that this
truth.

had hoard from

others,

king was worth serving.

But fame speaks not the

to blame,

The king
favors
;

is

intelligent
is

and bestows riches on those he

the king

not

my own
shores on

sins are the

cause of

my

misfortune.

If the

which the
of-'

sea casts jewels

cannot be

reached in consequence

adverse wind,
is

it is

the man's ill-luck and not the sea that

wisjios for rewards,

to blame.* If

one

he should rather
for to
serve

serve the king's fcervauts

than the

king,

the

king

is

a laborious

task.

Those who worsb/p the

feet of

Shiva get ashes from the person of the deity,

hut those who worship the feet of his bull get gold every
day,
I

do not

know

that I have

committed any fault

i4

KINGS

03?

KiSnirfQA.
Tie

for

which the king might take offence.

bfer.ifit

whom

busi

ness leads to the king derives no

unless applauded

by the publio, whilo even

publio
is

ttie

low

if

admired by the
Particles of water

taken notice of by the king.

when
tnfeen

in sea, are not taken notice of, but

when they

are

up by the clouds, and are thrown back to the embraces of the wavy ocean, they look like pearls." Thus
thought he, and
lost all

regard for his master the king.

is

Even the wisdom

*

of the wise

lost in misfortune.
seal in

When

the day dawned, and the king r took his

the court, ho ordered a peon to

call in-Wfctrigupta.

The
signed

peons forced the despairing sage into the royal presence,

and when he had bowed to the

to his reoord-keeper to deliver

king, the

kiug

him

the

order.
if

The king
deliver

then addressing Matrigupfca asked him

he knew the

way

to

KjLshmlra.

"Go

there," said he,

"and

that order to the ruler in charge of tho

country."

Ho

made him promise by

not read the order
in

his royal
his way.

person that he would

"I

will

do

as"

you comcourt,

mand," said Mitrigupta, and went out of the

\ jipt knowing the good fortune that awaited him.
the king resumod his usual work.

And

The people were

grieved to see Matiigupta trawuljjjg friendless and helpless,

and blamed

the kiug for

omploying so worthy a man

letters.

in this low

work

of

carrying

"The
fit

foolish

king," said they, " has considered this

toils,
in.

man

to undergo

because he served

him

diligently

day and 'night

their

hope of future good.

Servants serve

master

KINGS OP KiSHMfRA.
in

45

hope of bettering their future, but when the master

not undorstana their ^purpose,

,floes

he thinks them

fit

only to serve.

The serpent

in the

hope

of freeing himself

from the fear of Qadura served N&rayana.

But
earth.

Narj-

yaua thought the serpent accustomed to bear heavy

weights,

and so ordered him to bear the

This

learned

man saw

that the king favors the learned,

and being himself learned took shelter with him, but

who understauds human nature

so little as the king

who

has thus employed the learned M&trigupta? The peacock

dances with jdy^TS the sight of the rainbow in the clouds,

believing it to be a tail of their kinsman,

but the clouds

return
felt

him nothing but

met

rain drops."

Poor Mitrigupta

neither doubt nor anxiety, he consoled himself with

in his way.

the good omens he

Once he saw a khang;

jaua bird sitting on a serpent's head

at

another time

he dreamt that he had ascended a palace, and orossed the

sea; and assured himself thereby that the king's orders

must be

for

his

benofit.

" If I gaiu even a

little

in

K&shmira," thought he, "that would be preferable to anything in any other country,"
difficulty,

In the way he found mo

entertained

being hospitably

wherever

he

lodged.
skies,

At

last,the -KTOwVliite

Himalaya, rising to the

appeared before him, variegated with diverse trees

air

and he breathed the

bearing the perfumes "of the

pines* and particles of Ganges water.

In Kramavarta even now

at

he found a drum which can be Been

Shurapura.
Here,
in

this

populous

Kvaraavarta he

1C

KINGS OF KiSIIllfRA,

hoard that for some reason the ministers of K&ihrairn

were waiting at that place.

dress,

He

therefore left his old

ministers to

put

deliver to

011 a white one, and went to the them king Vikramadirya's ordor.

As he went

to the ministers auspecious

signs

were seen, the crowd

therefore colleoted behind him, anxious to see tho result

of lus message.

When he

arrived at the house, aud the-

door-keeper learnt that he had come from the king of

Ujjayini,

he quiokly informed
and
with
their

the

ministers

of

h'us

approach,

permission

Matngupta
him

entered into their presence.

of welooming was over, the

And wheuTiie ceremony

ministers pointed out to

a magnificent seat to
the orders of

sit

upon, and asked hitn about

;

Vikramaditya

whereupon he

humbly

presented to
bowing.

them the

writing

which they received

read the order,
his

The

ministers then retired to

and returning meekly

the great Matdgupta.
affirmative.

asked

him

if

name was
near,

He

smiled and replied in the

those

Then they
to

called

who were
coronation.
like

ordering

them

bring

things for

The
sea.

crowd became great aud boisterous

Mitrigupta sat on a golden
seat

n rough

with his face towards

the east, aud the people bovecT

king.

tCHm, end 'bathed

his

hitn

The water streamed along

fle

breast as the

Eeva

along

Vinddhya mountain. When he had bathed and

was anointed and adorned with ornaments and csated

cm the throne, his subjects informed him that when the
throne had become vaoant they had applied to VikraroJ-

Kixas op kashmiba.
ditya for a king,
,

47
to

and Vikram&ditya had sent him

0115 protector."

them.

" Now be you

Yefc

it

was not
a throne

to Vikramaditya alone that he

for there were others

was indebted
to
it.

for

who helped him

" Still " said

they "yon need not lower yourself in your own estimation

by thinking that you ave obliged to any

J&avo

for the post

you

attained"

Matrigupta

heard

this

and

smile,!,

remembering the benefit he had received from Vikrannaditya.

That day was passed

in giving gifts,

(fee,

and on

a subsequent day

when

his ministers

asked him to enter

into the int^nST' of his territory, he sent

a messenger

to Vikramaditya
self

with largo presents; and feeling him-

ashamed of getting bo good a country compared

even with that of Vikramaditya himself, he sent another

of his servants to
value,

him with

edible things though of small

and

also sent

a verse composed by himself with

to

tears of gratitude in his eyes,

the following effect :

"

You

who always do good to others, do not wear the

;

appearanoe of what you do

like the cloud that rains

is

without thundering.

Thy

favor

known by
the

the fruit,"
of the

Matrigupta then

entered into

interior

country accompanied by his vast army, and commenced

his reign.
ness.

"There wasrScTTunit to his charity or manlifor a religious feast,

Once he made preparations

animals

but when every thing was ready he had not the heart to
kill
:

and he forbade the destruction of iinimah

in his kingdom.

He

prepared a certain kind of food in

which gold dusts were mixed,, and when he distributed

48

KINDS OF KiSBUfRA.

this food every one

was

satisfied.

His good

qualities and
the.

bounties attracted more persops to his court than to

court of Vikramiditya.

Aud he

bestowed his

gifts with

judgment.

The poet Mentha

called,

or Mitntnentha, as he was

sometimes
-work
gress,

lived

in his court, and composed a

named Hayagrivabadha.
he showed
to

This work, when in

pro-

the
till

king,

but the king did nrt

pronounce any opinion

the book was complete, when

ihe king rewarded the author by bestowing wealth on him,

and placed the copy in a goldeu vessel

be
lost, so

lest its beauty

that the poet considered hiruseli^doubly paid.

up an image of god Madhusudhana which ha The villages which he besnamed M&triguptosvami. towed on this god were afterwards retaken by Mamma
set

He

to

defray the expenses

of building

the

house of a peiiod

Iub

father-ia-law.

four years,

Thus reigned MStrigupta nine months and one day.

for

of

Now, on the

other hand, the son of Angjana, after he

the

had performed the ceremonies for the salvation of

souls of his ancestors,

with the waters of holy places,

his

heard that a stranger had usurped the throne of

forefathers,

and was rating in Kishmira.

as to
father.'*

This inflamed

him

so

much

make

him*">rgejfc''his grief for the

death of his

When

the

prince

arrived at
;

Kishmira, he learnt the state of the oountry

ministers

and

the

came

to him, and were ready to

to

revolt against
t'heu*

Mitrigupta.

But he declined
*

countenance

re

See Appendix E.

KINGS OS KASHMfjJA.
1

49
Vikrami,-

bellion.

"Iamoager,'^he

said,

"to destroy

djtya, but I
is

am

not" angry (witk Mfitrigupla.

For what

the use of harassing those

who

are weak and can-

not endure pain? there is glory in rooting out those

who

are strong.

What can

be more

frail

and feeble

than the lotuses whioh envy the moon, and what propriety
is

there that
?

suoh lotuses should be torn by

is

elephants' tusks
his -valour

It

strange that one should show

;

on those who are not his equal

be angry with his

he who

is

really great will ofc

inferiors."

He
it,

turned his arjKT"gaiust Trigartta and conquered

aud commenced his march against Vikramiditya. But on his way he heard that Vikramiditya was dead.
This news so

much

afflicted

him, that he neither bathed

nor ate nor slept that day but sighed

his

and wept for

he heard

dead antagonist.
Hatrigupta had
of

On a subsequent day
left

that

his kingdom,
in the

and had come

Suspecting that
Matri-

out

Kishmmi, and was

neighbourhood of

the place 'where he himself then was.

it

was some of his partisans who had driven

the kiugdom, he
dress,

gupta out of
clad in

went to the ex-king

the ceremonies
of

a simple

and

after

welooming

v?Bre over, gefftly asked

him the
is

cause of

resigning his kingdom.

The other

replied after sighing,

and with a sad smile, "

king,

dead

that virtuous

monarch who made me king, I

am like
on
it,

a sun-jewel that

brightens so long as the sun shines

but

is

a com-

mon

stone

when the sun

is

set."

" Who has injured s

BO

kihqs os Tdsniifai.
" that thou gvieveat

thoe," then asked Pravarasena,

foe

Vikraiuiditya,

unable to be^ revenged on those who base

done thee haxm,1 "

" "Who

is

so

strong as can

injure that

me," asked Matrigupta with dignity, " think not

Yikram&ditya poured ghi on ashes, or sowed Beeds on " Bat," continued he, " even the inanimate Tiarren soil."
objects are grateful to those

who do them
1b
set,
is

good,

yhe

sun-jewel looks dim when the sun

and

so does
I
will

the moon-jewel when the

moon

out of

sight.

therefore go to the holy city of Vrpasi,

and

enjoy

the

pleasures of devotion

by being a
is

hesstej,
I

For

without
it

Vikramaditya the world

dark.

cannot look on

through

fear, far less

enjoy it."

Astonished at his words

king, that the world
like

the young prinoe replied, " True,

has produced jewels, since
it is

adorned by persons

you; who oan understand human nature better than Vikramaditya, since he discovered your noble qualities.

Long waB
that
gifts
it

tkfe

path to gratitude olosed,

now you

are

traversing the way.

is

The low and the

ungrateful think
receive
if

through their good fortune that they

from their masters, and they argue that

they

had not worth in them, their masters would not

single

them
and

out,

when

there were Vfoez pow* Mends.

Or

if

they had not discovered some faults in their masters,

<if

their

miserly masters had not stood in

fear

of them, would they have given

them away anything?

it

But

if

a small

benefit is

done to the good,

increases a
like a tested

hundred-fold.

Thou, chief of the virtuous,

'

KINGS OF KASHMJCBA.
jewel, art loved

51

by the good.

So do

me

a favor by not

rgsigning the crown;*and let the people know, that I too

am

partial to

men

of merit.

This kingdom was

it

first

given to thee by Vikraniadifcya, I beBtow

so accept it again."

on you now,

Matrigupta heard this

nol>le speech,
littrs

and smiled and

said,

"I am

compelled to be a

nnjivil to give expression to

my

feelings,

but though

it

may
ble

be har<m, yet

must

say, that I disregard

your no-

gift.

You know my

former low position, and

is

Fknow
alone.

youre, our present greatness

felt

by ourselves

You cannot ujh?*taud

reject,
offer

the motive which induoes

me

to

nor can I understand that which induces you to

the kingdom.

mo

Being
if I

now

a king,

how can I

accept your gift?

Or

had wished
it

to enjoy the king-

dom -why should

gift of

I forsake

myself} Shall I slight the

my

benefactor for mere enjoyment, and leave the

duties that befit

me now % The
it is

benefit which he did to

me, I oan never repay,

therefore lost-in me.

I will

now

follow'

him, and show that he was not mistaken in

his estimation of this world.

me.

This

is all

that I have to do in

This then I will perform, and leave off all

enjoyment."

Then

said Pravarasena that

ijrfsrty while

he would not
alive.

touch

Matrigupja's

he was

And
in-

when Matrigupta <went

to Vatiuasl

and became a hermit,

Pravarasena, true to his words, used to send

him the

come derived from Kfehmfra.

hand," distributed the

Matrigupta, on the other

money

in charity to the poor;

and

thus lived for ten years.

Thus three men

Yikramaclitya,

52

SINGS OP KiSHMfEA.
1

Matrigupta, and Pravarasena vied -with one another

virtue.

in

Pravarasena subdued
far

many

kings,

and

his fame spread

and wide

like

that

of Agasta muni, and his army

;

reached the sea in their march of conquest

spiration of his elephants

and the

per-

made the waters

of the Ganges

look like the confluence of that river -with the Yamuna,

He

defeated the people of Saurashtra and upset the

ad-

ministration of the kingdom.

His mind was so bent

on

'the acquisition of fame, that he was indifferent to all earthly

things, having neither attachment nor istejd towards any
object.

Prat&pasfla otherwise called

Shil&ditya, son

of

Vikramaditya, was expelled by his

father's

enemies from
him,

his

territory.

Pravarasena

reinstated

and

brought back the throne of the kings of KSshmfra from

the oapital of Vikraniaditya.

refused to acknowledge

Pratapasila for seven times

of

the supremacy of the king

Eishmira, and* the

latter

had to subdue him seven

times.

On

the eighth ocoasion, Pravarasena called Pratapasila a

life.

brute and intended to take his

The

latter, however,
if

saved himself by self-humiliation, and

suggested that

he was a
ed.

beast, his

life

was too

insignificant to be destroy-

Pratipasila also

amused

"tke Jlashmirian

king by

dancing before his court like a peacock,

and imitating tho

voice of that bird;. whereupon Pravarasena not only took

Mm under his protection, but also bestowed riches on him.

After conquering the world, he lived in the city raised

by his

grand-father, but felt a desire to found a oity in Sis

KINGS O^lKiSHMfRA.

53

own name.*
set
for

posed to build a

In the village of Sharftaka Pravaraeena procity. * But before he did so, he wished to
1

up Pravaresbvara Shiva, and he employed artisans the purpose. Bat an image of Shiva sprung up from

the ground from

among

the instruments of the workmen,

and
of

it

was named Jayasv&ml from Jaya the name of ona

the sculptors.

The god Vinayaka Bhfmasvami who

faced towards the west, without any

human agency

turn-

ed himself and faoed towards the east, for the welfare of

the intended
town,.
/

The king

farther set

up images of -

nve goddesses gS'"3bhvaskrj[ and others, eaoh having shi

after

her name.

He

caused to be built a large bridge of

boats on the boats became

and from that time the bridge of known to the world. His matornal uncle Jayendra built a large Buddhist vih&ra named JayendraVitastii,

vihira after his name.

And

his minister Moraka,

ruled Ceylon, built a beautiful house

na.

who named Morakabhavathe

The new

oity

which was enlarged by "Fishvakarmroi

and Soma, was raised on the southern, bank of

Vitasti,

and contained thirty

several

six laos

of houses, it conits

tained

market

places,

and

high bouses
in the

touohed the clouds,

from
J>

whose

tops,

rainy

season the eerthoould b"seen drenohed with rain; and

in Ohaitra sprinkled with flowers.

In

this oity alone tbe>

rows of the houses of amusements were built just on the

river, jind

the hill of recreation

was in the

centre of the

town,'from whose top the whole city oould be seen.

*

In

* See Appendix F.

54

KINGS OF XJfHXUftlA.

tho hot season tho inhabitants of tho city could get

cool waters of the Vitasta at their doors.
gifts to

the

And

the royal

the gods of the city were so rich, that they could

buy the world a thousand times. The forehead of tho king was marked with the sigu of aula over whioh bis
trhite hairs flowed like

the Gauges ou the head of

for sixty years.

Shiva.

Thus reigned Pravarasena

His son Yndhishthira
r

II.

bora of his queen Ratnaprabh*

One

tbon reigned for twenty one years and three months.

of his ministers

named Vajrendra, son pf Jayendra, buill a Tillage named Bhavaohohheda witfe**^%ityas <fce. He had other chief ministers named Kum&rasena &c. of great
renown.

He was
ministers

succeeded

by

his

sou

Narendraditya

alias

Lakshmana, born of his queen Padmavati.

He

had two

and his

named Vajra and Kanaka sons of Vnjrendra; queen's name was Vimalaprabha. He died after
after

a reign of thirteen yeare,

depositing books and records.

building an

office for

His younger brother Banaditya otherwise

jina then

called Tungof

came

to

the throne.

This king had a mark

shangka on his head.

He was

a very powerful king.

He

destroyed

many

of his enwnie.o aud, devastated their

country.

His queen's name was RansLrambhjL.

The godas BanSB

dess Bhramarav&sinf took birth in

human form

ramhhsi to be his queen.*

* See Appendix Q,

KINGS

01?

KASBMfRA,

05

Itatisena king of Chola, -when

ocean, found Baiiararnbha*

he went to worship the among the waves, where she

was shining

like

a cluster of jewels.

hood she used to speak of

attained her youth,

Prom her childheavenly thiugs, aud when she

many

kings sought her in marriage,

but her father would not marry her to any of them.

And when

the minister of Kanaditya arrived as mes-

senger proposing her marriage with his master, Rati&ena

wished to refuse the suit

but tho goddess in human

of*

shape asked her, father to marry her to the king

Kashmira as ^* was bora, she said, to be bis wife. "Whereupon her father without delay, sent her to the
house of his friend the king of Kuluta, to wbioh distant
country Kanaditya gladly camo and married her, and

made

her the mistress of his zenaua,

But she being a

At night through
in the shape oi

great goddess, was afraid to touch a man, to avoid which

she had recourse to enchanUnent.

magic she used to leave a

king's bed",

woman

exactly like her in the

aud herself used to go out two temples, aud

,c

a black bee.

The kiug

raised

called

them

after his
of

own, aud his queen's name, and caused two images

Shiva to be scnlptured--tkere.
pital for the
sick-,

He

also built a hos-

and barrack

for a battalion.

In the
sun,

village of Siuharotsika there

was an image of the

it

which. he

named Bauapurasvamf, aud made

famous.

Anotuer* of his queens named. Amritaprabha* raised an

*

See Appendix H,

66

KINGS of Kismtfiu.

image of a god on the right side of Eaneaha and

it

was

named Amriteshvara, she

queen of Meghavihana.

also set-up

an image
built

of Bud'

dha within the monastery whioh was

by Bhinni

tlona of Shiva Hitakeshvra,

The queen Ranarambhi taught the king the incanta* by -virtue of whioh one could
for many years the king devoted

enter the world below,

himself to becoming an adept in this art.

first

He

retired

to Ishtiki, and afterwards to

Nandishu* ; and at
years.

"last succeeded in his efforts after

his success in

many

Told

of

a dream, he dived into tfwaters of Chan-

drabhigi and proceeded to the cave of Namuohi, pursuing his

way

for

twenty-one days through the cavern,

he

and
with

his citizens

came to the dwellings of daitya

females,

whom they made themselves free.

is

Thus

after reign-

ing for three hundred years, the king went to the god
of Pdtdla where salvation
certain.

On

the other hand,

when the king* and his party were

girls,

dallying with the daitya

the queen retired to Shveta Dvipa.

dynasties of kings, the lines of

Of the many Raghu and Gonamla

Ranaditya greatly

were the

best,

and in these

Bima and
r

loved their people.

followed

The

subjects of both these kings

,
'

them

to the next worli-

Him

succeeded his sou Vikramiditya, a powerful king,

Shiva

who set up a
had two
former raised

ministers

named Yikrameshvara. This prince named Brahma and Galium, The a monastery named Brahma matha; and the
a Yihara.
After

latter caused his wife Ratnivali to ereot

KINGS OF KlSmrfRA.

57

a reign of forty-two years his powerful younger brother

IjiaUditya succeeded him.
,

BaUdifcya subdued his enemies, and his powers caused

his foe-men's

wives to wocp.

His columns of victory

can

still

be seen, near the northern sea.

He

conquered

named Kdlamvya for th^ habitations of the Kashmirians. And in Kashmira he built a village named Bhedara in tho district of Madava for Brahmanas to dwell in. His favourite queon Vimva
Eangk&Ea, and built a city there
set

up a Shiva

to

avert the evils

it

that

attend

tho

Vaishya oaste^ml "named

Vimveshvara.

His ministers

wore Kharga, Shatrughua and Malava, three brothers ;

they raised a templo, a house of gods, and erected a
bridge.

Now

this

king had a daughter

named AnanggalekhjL

an astrologer seeing her one day with her father pvophesied'to the king that his son-in.law would reign hereafter,

and that the

ditya.

line of Gonanda would end in BilThe king not wishing that the kingdom would

pass away from his line through his daughter, tried to

oppose fate

and iustead of marrying her to a king he

married her to a beautiful

man named

Durlabbavardbathinking that

na, of the A'shvngharaa*' Kayastha caste,

as his daughter was not married to one of the royal

family she would not be able to inherit the kingdom.

This Durlabhavardhana was the illegitimate son of Niga

Karkota,' begotten for getting the kingdom, but the king
wit's

not aware of the fact.

What

the wise neglect, Fate

58

KINGS OP KiSHJifRA..
it

makes

great.

He

fortuuately

became beloved
and good

of all

on account of
his

his just actions

intellect,

and
of

father-in-law

named him Prajngaditya

bocause

his great intellect,

and bestowed ranch riches on him.

of

On

the other hand the princess being the favourite

filled

her parents, and

wifh youthful pride, alighted her

husband.

Her

association with the desolate, her luxurihei<

ous habits, the frequent visitation by young men,

abode in her father's house, and the mildness of her

huB-

band j

all

these corrupted her.

Having frequent
fell

oppor-

tunities

of seeing the

minister KhafgflTNie

iu love

with him, and abandoned herself to him.

secretly gratified gradually

This amour
fear,

wore

off

her shams,

and

dignity,

and sho

gradually became exceedingly

gifte

shameless.

The

minister bribed the servants with

and honors, and had

hid heart.

free access to her appartments, and

gratified his passion for

the princess to the fulness

of

Her husband by hor constant neglect

last
wife's

of him*

came at

to suspeot of her bad character.

The

thoughts of his

misconduot reduced him in body.

in order
the

One night he suddenly entered her apparttnent

to ascertain the truth.

Ho found

her fast asleep in

embrace of her paramour, herttosoms heaving with

breathiugs.
state* of

long
this

He

burnt with anger at Seeing her in

unpardonable guilt

a sight that would have

And swayed
difficulty,

en-

raged even others than husband.

alternately after

by anger and grief, he with great

deliberation,

and

much

controlled his

anger.

The woman, who^e

KINGS OF KASmtfBA.
passion
gets

59
is
;

the better of her sense

very pleasant
looks into the
of

among her female companions

streets
;

in private

dislikes the bight of her

husband and
;

men

like

him

Blights

the anger of her husband

is ill

and attends
fe-

when her husband

spoken of ; speaks with her

male companions when her husband wants her; and

praises 'those
his kisses

who are

against

him ; and turns away from

feel

and cannot bear his embraces, nor

any

pleasure in

them

and pretend to sleep when

in

bed with

her husband. dhana, who

They are

miserable, thought Durlabhavar-

folftnv iove, for

men

of little wit are undone

by

it.

Who
"

has better control over his passion than he

is like is

who has duly subdued jealousy which

cholera.

spasmodic

The woman" he coutiuued "

and
like other things,

for the gratifi.

cation of passion,

can be enjoyed in
feelings are disci-

common
tickle,

wherefore then a

man whose
1

plined, be augry on such account

Women

are naturally

and who can keep them under rules 1

Or what

is

the use of keeping

sons to gratify a

them

so 1
is

If the meeting of

two per-

passion
1

an honorable
one's

act,

what

then

is

dishonorable

And

since

not be proved to be his,

" mine
pain,
1"

own body canhow can a woman be oalled

because she gives

of

me why do I not first kill love which is the prime root And to destroy love, I must destroy jealousy, all?
If'ske* deserves* death

first,

for he who has destroyed jealousy, has

totally

destroyed affection within half a minute."

thought, and wrote

Thus he

on Kharga's cloth the following words,

60

Kims OF

KASHMfftA.

"Though you ought

to have been killed, yet have T

spared you; thia you should remember."

When

Dug.

labhavardhana had gone out of the room unperoeived

the minister awoke, and read the writings in
his oloth.

This moderation of Durlabhavardhana

to his side.

won

the minister aud

He
so

forgot his last

and the

princess,

meditated how to repay the goodness by which* his Jife

was saved, in

much

that he did not sleep well being

buried in thoughts as
injured husband.

how

to repay the goodness of the

i
four
dy-

Now

after

a reign of tbirfcy-sevoa jnars and

died,

months VaUditya

and with him the Gonanda

nasty became extinct.

Aud

while the ohief ministers

neglected the affairs of the kingdom, the grateful Kharga

duly crowned the late king's son-in-law, bathing him with, the waters collected from holy places and poured

from a golden vessel; aud the kingdom thus passed from the Gonanda dynasty to that of Karkota Naga as passed the Gauges from heaven to the head of 'Shiva.

There reigned ten kings.

three.

From the beginning

fifty-

lana, sou of

Here ends the third book of R&jataranggini by KaliCliampaka Prabhu the jgfreaC minister of
*

ftiahimra.

[Invocation to

Hara Pabvati
many

as usual.]

Durlabhavardhana had
monastery named
dieted
that

children.

The queen's
a.

bad character was not known to any, and she built

Anangabhavana.

An

astrologer

pre

Mahlana, one of the sous of the king, would

the boy raised a god Mahlauasvami. The king bestowed a village named Chandra near the lull Vishokakot$: upon the Brahnaanas. He also set up a

not live long, so

Hari

named Durlabhasvauu

at Shriuagara,

and died

after

a reign of thirty-six year?.

His sou Durlabhaka by

lie

q ueen

Anauga then

reigned,

assumed the name of

Pr.itapfiditya after the title of

the dynasty of his maternal grandfather by

whom he was

adopted as his sou.

He

had a rich minister named Oda,

for the" habitation of

who

built a village

named Hannmata

the Bruhmaiias. This powerful king built a beautiful

towa

named Pratapapura, where merchants from many places came and settled ; and among others Nona from Boblta, This Nona built Nouamatha for the habitation of the Bialimauas of ''Rojjita. * The king was pleased with hiin,
aud invited him, au3. the merchant passed with him a day
and a uight amidst eutertaiuments befitting a king.
in the

When

morning the king asked how he was, the merchant

his room.

complained of headache ou account of the smoke of the

lamp that was burning

in

Aud when afterv

63

kings op KisnufaA.

wards tho king was invited by the merchant, the king saw
that a rich stone,
iustead
,of

a lamp, lighted his room.

Astonished at the luxury and riches of the merchant, and

being well entertained by his host, the king spent there

two or three days.

One day the king saw Shiinarendraprabh, the

ful mistress [wife
1]

beauti-

of the merchant,

and she being

atone

in the house, the king felt a desire for her.

On

the other

hand the
to her,

lady's female attendant pointed

out the king

king,

and she

also

became enamonred of the

This mutual love might have sprung *up a consequencs

of tho
love that existed between

them

in their previous

birth, or

through the interposition of cupid.

behind a
pillar,

Hid

for a

abort time

she gazed on the king, and

him,

as she went

away she frequently looked behind on

The king returned

to his capital, but his constant and

ansious thoughts of her mode him

lean; and though

he often rebuked himself, and reasoned with himself, it was all of no avail. " Fie," said the king' to himself,
" what a sinful affection has grown

up

in

my

heart

How
reigns
of

powerful

is

love,
!

that

it

overcomes reason, and

in the heart alone

As

a king, I

should be afraid

bad deeds, but what sinful temptatiouSfhaiTe come

across
wifei

me

If the

king himself

robs another of
!"

his

who* then
lady.

shall

punish the guilty

Thus reasoning
nor forget

he

could neither leave the path of virtue,

the the
rthe

The

king'a health gave way,

and he was on

pomt

of death.

When

the

merchant heard from

KIHGS OF KAanMfBi.
people of tko
vo^tely

G3

causa of the king's

ill

health, he thus pri-

advised his sovereign.

Now

that he was reduced

will,

to that state, virtue

should no longer oppose his

for

when
is

life

is iu danger, there is nothing that should

not be done.
opinion

Iu such a state even learned men, whose

yielded.

authority, have

Life should not b

dieB,

forsaken for reputation, for

at

when a man
I

an end,

"

king," continued the merchant,

for

fame is " you

need not respect me,

your benefit

can give up
pleasure?
If'

my

life,

why

no^ then,

an

objeot

of
offer,

even now you refuse, to accept the

her as a dancing
girl,

shall

send

for

she

dances well,

and then

you can accept her."

Thus urged by tho merchant and

by

his

own

affection, the king,

much

abashed, aooepted

the lady.

The queen retrioved her character by many great

works, she set up a shiva

named

Shrinarendreshvara.

la

time she gave birth to a sou who was named? Chaudiapida.

This prince' by his great virtues cleared the stain of
his birth.
births,

Often great characters rise superior to their

even as the

white raindrops
hills is

fall

from

black
steel,
af-

clouds.

From

the blunt

derived the sharp

sea-fire.

and from the> oo}d water springs the

terwards gave birSi to another son

She

and a third was bora

of

named Tarapfda, her named Avimuktajpida.

After a reign of

These princes were also called by the names of Vajr*ditya, "Udayaditya,

fifty,

and

Lalitaditya.

years the king died.

64
His son

KINGS OT KA&HMfRA.

Chandrapida, otherwise
:

called Vajiiditya,

ascended the throne

he performed
king.

many good

deeds,'

and was a

-very

-virtuous

He

equally possessed
qualifications,
;

power and forgiveness, and similar opposite

He was
fctvorcd

rich without the concomitant

all,

vices

he

equally

and did nothing that frightened

felt

his people
one

and was so modest that he

praised

ashamed when any

him

for

his

good works.
;

He

held his ministers

saori-

under due subjection

'

and in disputes he always

lest

ficed his own. interest

he did wrcmg to others.

He

made many
longing

clear

and just laws.

UereJ must

end the

description of tho virtues

of the king for fear of pro-

my

narrative.

When

building a temple to
fell

Tri-

bhuvanasvimf, the house of a tanner

within

tLe

boundary marked
offered to him.

for

the temple,

but that man would

matter was repotted
building, and
cen-

uot give up his house though compensation money was

At

last

when

the

to the kingr the

men

in charge of the

not the tanner, were hold guilty, and they were

sured for want of
forethought

having commenced

the building without obtaining the consent of the tanner

in the first instance.

They were

told

either

to

reduce
for he,

the plan of the

temple or to build ii^elscwhere,

the king, would not commit the sin f of forcibly taking

another's land.
" For
it is

our duty," said he,

" to

ad-

minister justice, and

rightly

if

we act unjustly who

will act

At

this

time there arrived a

man

.from the
ministeis.

shoe-maker,

and was sent to the king by the

KINGS Or KiSHJlfflA.

63

This
Jijing,

man
and

said, that the

if

shoe-maker wished to see the

not
fit

ho wtts

held,

to enter the court, he

leisure,

requested that he might see the

king -when at

and out of

his court.

Accordingly, on a subsequent day,

to the shoe-maker
if

the king gave audionce

his oourt,

when out
in

of

and asked him

he was the obstacle

tna

execution of a pious object, namely, the erection of the

temple, and added that
if

he thought his house beautiful,

he might have another house

large

sum
listen

of m^ney.

still more beautiful, or Then the shoe-maker replied

"Be
but

not proud, (Mting, of your learning and experience,

to

my

-words according to

my judgment.

am meaner
liue

than a dog, and you are a great king of the

the oourtiers will therefore be vexed
together.

of Kakutstha,

to

see

us

talking
is

The body

of the living

is

brittle,

but

strengthened with pride and affection.

is

As

you love your body, which

kangkana,
Iidra,

adorned with the ornaments

and augada, even so we love ours though

this

unadorned'.
is

What

handsome palace
ib

is

to you, that

my hut to

me, though through

is

the Bun penetrates.

This hut, like a mother,

witness of

my

joys and soiit

rows from

my birth,
Who

and

cannot bear to see

taken
his

away
house

to-day!*
is

grief

which a

man

feels

when

taken away from him, oan only be known to

is

the god who

lost

ousted from heaven, or to a king who has

his
housfe

kingdom.

Even
it,

after

all

this, if

you come to

my
it

and ask

for

then out of

civility I shall give

up

to thee."

The lung went

to the fchoe jnnkei's.

house

06

KINGS OF KASHMfRA.
it. The good are not vain though possessed The shoe-maker f claspeil his bauds together

and bought
of wealth,

and

said, that the condescension of the

king and the pains

well

he had taken
befitting
so*

for the
;

performance of a just act were

him

and as Virtue had tested Yudhishthira,

lie then wished the king

he had tested him.

life,

prosliving

perous and long

doing such holy deeds and

admired by the

pious,

Thus the

siuloss

king set up the

image of Vishnu named Tribhuvanasvamf.

Prakasha built a largo Viliara
radatta,

His queen
Mihi-

named

Pr&kashika.
set

the spiritual guide

of theking^

up an

image of Vishnu named Gambhirasvimf ; and Chhalilaka,

the mayor of the
city, set

up a god named

ChhalitaavAini

for the peace of the

town.*

The death
for

of the

king occurred owing to some magio

performed by aBrahmano.t

whom

the king

had punished
It was

murder, instigated by his brother Tarapida.

this time'that the crime

from

of destroying the lives of

superiors by magic began in Kashmfra.

When

the king
to

was at the poiut of death, the Brihmtma was brought

him, but the king would not
kill

him, saying that he was

innocent, since he was instigated by another.

Who

does
of

not feel a pleasure in remembering the forgiveness

this

king

Fate, by a mistake,

had

sent? him to this woild

with the kings of Kaliynga, instead of sending him with

those of the age of Truth.
*

The Brihmana's
I.

intellect

be-.

Seo Appendix

t The sane one whose

story is related in

Appendix

I.

"

KINGS OP KASIIMfBA.

67
king.

came dull that he had destroyed such a

tlunighjshort, is replete with

This reign,

many

virtuous acts.

He

reigned for eight years and eight mouths.

The

fierce

and angry Taiipida

after

murdering his

brother succeeded him.

The

first

act of his reign

was

a war with his enemies,

slaughter.
all.

whom he

defeated with great

His prosperity was a source of annoyance to

Envious of the gods, and thinking that the Brahma-

nas displayed the glory of the gods, he ceased to punish

guilty
rupt.
Jle too dies

Bi&hmaiia* in order that they might become cor-

He

reigned "for four years and twenty-four days.

was removed by the magic of a Brahmana.

Man

by the same mischief which he devises

firo

for others,

just as

gives

out smoke to trouble the eye, but the

itself into

home smoke transforms

the
fire.

water aud puts out

He was
He was
his

succeeded by his youngest brother Lalitaditya.

a very powerful king, aud carried on wars against

fi'jht

neighbours, but did not

against those
victory.

who subPeople

mitted even at the

lied

moment

of his

from the

cities

which ho attaoked, and towns

became empty as by miscarriage.

his roigu was
sjijent

Almost the whole of

*m conquest.

He

carried his victo-

rious

arms

to the oast.

He

conquered Gadhipura (KinyaYnsbo-

kubja)

where the women, were hunoh-backed.

place,

varmmB, the king of the

wisely submitted.

But

the king's servants were prouder than the king, even as

the breeze

from the sandal trees

is

more pleasant thaa

6 8

KINGS OF KiSHMfnA.

the spring.

before that of Lalitaditya in

Yashovarmma unfortunately placed his name frhe document of the treaty

which was about

which ran thus

"Peace

to

be oonoluded between the two kings

is

established between Yasho-

varmma and

Lalitaditya." This offended Mitrasharma, who

it

was minister of war and peace, as he regarded

a slight to his master.

as

The king who with

his army^ras
his

waiting with impatience, approvod of the conduct of

servant in taking offence, and was so pleased with him

that he

made him head

of the fire

office':

which he
and

created

out of eighteen that

five

had existed

Before-

in which

departments, Shahiand others were

offices

made

heads.

The

five

are thus

named - the Great

the

Constabulary, the

Military

Department,

great Stable Department,

office.

the Treasury, and the Supreme Exeoutive

Yasho-

varmma and

his family were extirpated.

The

poets Yik-

pati, Bfijashri

and Bhavabhuti,

&o,,

who were

in the court

of the king of Kiuyakubja,

now oame over

to the king of

Kashmira and used

to chaut songs to him.

Kinyakubja,
even

from the Yamuna to the K&lik& submitted to him

like the courtyard of his

own

house.

He marohed thenoe with his army He passed Kalingga, where elephants

then he came to Goura.
Sea,

towards the wore caught.

east.

And

Thenoe he reached the Eastern

towards
the

and pursued
approach.

his course along the ooast

south, conquering as
his

he went.

Karnata submitted

on

beautiful Karniti lady

named

Ratti

who ruled supreme

in the south, her territories extending

KISGS OF KASHltfRA.
as far as the

GO

Vindya

hillg, also

submitted to him.

The

army then
palm
trees,

rested on the banks of the Kiveil beneath the

drinking the water of oocoanuts,

Thence he
king crossed
;

marched
the

to

Chaudau&ln.

And then

the

sea passing from one hlaud to another

and thence

inarched towards
of .his victory.

the west,

the sea singing the songs

lie

then attaoked the seven Kiamuka

and the

seven Kongkana which suffered

much

thereby.

His army was anxious to enter Dvoraks situated on the

Western Sea.

Xho army then crossed the Vindyi

hills''

and entored Avanfri where there was an image of Shiva

named

Mahiliala.
finding that almost all the kings

Lalit&litya,

had been
fight

conquered,
his

turned towards the

north,

and had to

way with the haughty kings in that direction. He robbed the king of Kimvoja of hi? horses. In the
mountains of Bhuskhim the horses of the king became
eicited at the
sight
of the

horse-faoed

women

of

the

country,

'He thrice defeated Dussuui and subdued him.

He He

then conquered the Bouttas, and in whose naturally

pale colored faces no further sign of anxiety was visible.

also conquered

Darad.

Here the

soft

wind charged

with the seen? ofJEtaindeer oheered his army. Before he ap-

proached East Yotlshapara, the inhabitants

left that place.

Here the king saw the

passed, through of the
til's

forest in fire.

His elephants then

a sea of sand.

Here was the kingdom

j

females,

and

it

was governed by a female

and

soldiers

became impatient for the women.

The

queen.

70

KINGS OF KiSHUftU.

submitted and came out to have an interview with the

invader, and trembled before him,
it is

not certain whether

fled to

with fear or in love.

The people

of

North Knru

the mountains for fear of Lalitiditya.

Rich with the

his country.

spoils of

oonquest the king returned to

He

gave Jakndhara and Lohara and other

small provinces to his adherents.

To mark

his oonquest,

he obliged other kings to wear a symbol of subjection,

which they bear to
this day.

The Turashkas commemo-

"rato the faot of their boing

bound by generally
and,,

olasping

both their hands behind their backs,*

front part of their heads.

shaving the

To

prove the inferiority of the

people of the South, ho caused

them

to

wear in

their

clothes a tail which touched the ground.

There was not

sea,

a town or

village, or island,

or river, or

where he did

not raise triumphal monuments.

These monuments he

named according
set out

to

the event or the time.

When

he

on his expedition, he

felt certain of conquest,

and built a town named Sunishchitapura, or the " City

of Certainty."

When

in his pride of conquest,

he

built

another
in

named Darpitapura, or the " City of Pride," which he set np an image of Keshava. And when his
he raised another city ' which he named
fruit

conquests were over, and he wasenjojing*'the fruits of

his victories,

Phalapura (phala signifying

or

effect).

He

com-

pleted Parnotsa and built a house for

Xrirfcrima,
building.

amusement named
females'

the

name

indicating the purpose' of the

In the kingdom of the

be set up sn

KINGS OF KiSEMfEU.
image of Nrisingha

71

unsupported by any thing but placed

two
loadstones,

n^ the air between

below.

oue above and oue

Whon
In

be was out in conquest, bis viceroy built

a town
auger.

after the king's

this

name, but he incurred the king's

town of Lalitapura, there was an image

which he bestowed the city of Kanyiv

of the sun,

to

kubja with the adjoining lands and villages.

At Hushka-

pura he built an image of the god Muktasvimi and built

a large monastery with a stupa for the Buddhists.

set out

He
>

on his conouest with one koti (ten millions) of

^

current coin.

On

dus return he bestowed eleven kotis to

Bhutesha for his

of Jeshtarudra
it.

purification.

Ho

raised the stonehouso

villages

and bestowod many

and lauds to

He also

planted a series of machinjs at Ckakvadhava

to

draw water from tho VitaBta.

Also he raised a strong

wall of stone round the temple of the sun.

He

erected

a town adorned with vines, and another

benefit of the people,

for

the spiritual

and bestowed

it

with-roany villages

to god Vi&hnu.

He
lie

built a beautiful

town named Parihisapura.

Here

set

up a

silver

image of Vishnu, named Skiparih&saShriinuktakesuava,

keshava, and another of gold named,

also

an imags^of ,Mah4var*ha f the mail of this last image

being

made of goM.

Uovaidhanadhara,

He also set up a silver He planted a single piece

on which was planted

image of
of, stone
ft

hfty-fqur cubits high,

banner,

on the top of which he set

hfcewi&o built a temple of

up an image

of GoroiSt.

He

Buddha, which had a square

72

KEN-GS

OP KiSHMfaA.
and a monastery.

oourt-yavd, also a chftiiya,

The image
fo/ojj

of Muktakesliava was built of eighty -four thousand of

gold,

that

of

Slniparihisakeshava
sitter.

was

huilt

of

eighty four thousand palas of

The image
of

of

Buddha which he

set

np

was

built

eighty-four

thousand prasihas of brass.

The monastery which had

were built
for

a square court-yard and the ohaitya,

king built gods of gold aud
'gods of the couutry.

eighty-four thoiuand pieces of the ourrent coin.

silver

The

rich

by the side of the great

Tho

jewels, furniture

and

villages

bestowed on the gods were beyond estimation. His queens,

ministers

and dependent kings

also set

up hundreds

of

wonderful images.

His queeu named Kamalavati, who

waa very

rich,

sot

up

s\

silver

image of Vishnu warned

Kamalakeshava.
image of Shiva

His minister Mitrasharma raised au

named
erected

Mitreshvara

subordinate king of Lata, built a god

vimi; he
of Buddha.

alse

a vihira

aud Kayya a ; named Shrikayyasnamed Koyyavihara,

where Sarvvajngamitra a Buddhist attained the purify

Another of
his ministers

rashefcaugkuna raised a

vihara

named Tuskhanamed Changkuna, a

minister "just

stupa high as the mind of a king, and a golden image of

Buddha.

Ish&uadevi, wife of tho

named,

caused a canal to be dug, whose waters "were clear aud beneficial

to the healthy as to the sick.

Chakramardiki, a

favourite

queen of

Lalitaditya, built a

town named .Chak-

rapura containing seven thousand houses.

B: a hrnaira

named Bhappata set up a god named Bhappateshvara, aud

KIN03 OS KASHMfEA.
1

73
gods.

other individuals set

up Karkatesha aud other

The

prime minister Chaugiiuna built in another place a vihara

with a chaitya; aud Ishanaehandra the physician and
brother to the
-wife

of

Changkuna,

having

obtained

wealth through the favor of Takshaka, built a Vibira.*

The king
oue

further caused a permanent asylum for tUe

poqr to be built at Parihasapura, to which he presented

kk aud

ouc plates

filled

with food.

He

also

caused

a town to be built in a barren place that thursty

men
from''
of

might find
other

water,

there.

He

invited prudent

men

countries,

nnd

brought Chaiigkuna brother

ICangkanavarsha,

an alchymist, from Bhuskbara.

from

Tho

king

exchanged with this

brought

which he

man a Magadan
This

statue
for

of

Buddha

certain jewels

of mysterious

properties.^

statue

Chaugkuna

placed in the monastery which he built, and can bo seen

to this day, surrounded

by iron

railings.

woods

Tho king who was a good horseman, onoo rode to the to break a new horse. There, iu a solitary part of

the forest, he found a beautiful

woman

singing,

and

an-

other dancing.

"When they had

finished

their
for

works,

they bowed aud went away.

continually
horse,

The king

some days

wenftp tto same place, riding on the same and saw the same Bight. One day, being questioned
king,

by the astonished
served,' in

the

girls

replied,

that" they

a temple, and lived in the village of Shukha-

* See Appendix J,

See Appencfis

K
o

74

KINGS OF ElSHllfltA.

vardham&na, and aocording to the instructions of the

matrons of the
place,

they danced tbero.

" Tradition

speaks of a temple in this place, nor can we, nor any

one else say more as to why the temple

is invisible."

The king heard Uy them,

this

and caused the

place, pointed out

to be dug.

After an excavation had been made,

the king on being informed by the diggers, came there

and saw a

dilapidated temple with olosed doors.

And

when, the doors wero opened, he found two old images

of Keshava, and an inscription to the effeot that they

were
-I

built

by Rma and

Lakshinttfia.

By

the side

of

he temple of Parihasakeshava, the king built a separate

house of stone where he placed

those two statues.
for the other statue

Ramasv&mf, one

of

His queen Chakramardiki asked

Lakshmanasviini from the king, and

placed

it

beside Cuakreshvaro..

When
wounds

the king set out in his wars, a

man

with

fresh

laid himself

down

before the elephant

on which

the king rode.

His hands were soratohed, and his nose

wounded and

bleeding,

and he begged hard to be

saved.

The kind-hearted king asked what had happened

to him.

He

replied that he

was the

faithful minister of the king

of the sandy

Sindhu,

and that e he jpaS"beaton by

the

king because he advised him to submit to Lalit&ditya,

The king

of Ktahmfro determined to chastise

the king

of Sindhu,
ea-minister.
suffering

and caused good surgeons to

attend, on the

The

ex-minister told the king that after

the injury he had received, he did not oare to

llINGS

OF KiSEMfBA.

75

live,

except for the sake of vengeance, and that

it

when he
bidding
it is

was revenged,

was

fitting $hat

he should

die,

farewell to the joys

and

griefs of this world.

" Bat

meet," said he, " that I should

injure

him more than

he has injured me.

How

can you," he then oontinued,

"reach that country sooner than in three months, 6t

reaching his oountry,
against

how

will

you maintain yourseli

him

I will

show you a way by whioh you can

have

reach that country in half a month, but no water can be

had by that route, so you

army.

will

to carry water for

your

My

fripnds ^here will give

will

no alarm of your ap-

proach, so

you

be ablo to capture the king with his

ministers and his females."

Thus

saying, he led the king's

army and entered a sandy

the king pressed on for
finding that

desert.

When

fifteen

days
Still

were past, the store of water became exhausted.

two or three daya more, but

were suffering from want ot

the soldiers

water, he said to the guide that

in the

more days had passed

soldiers

way than he had mentioned, and that the

were almost dying for want of water.

He

then asked

how much

of the

way was yet

remaining.
of the

the guide smiling,

" Askest thou

Then way

replied

to the
1

country of your , majesty's enemy, or to that of Death

For the benefit of ihy master I have disregarded

my life,
is

and have devised this plan,

and
yo,ur

and

have brought you

This

army
can

to

the

way
here,

of death.

not

merely

b barren

place,

but a terrible sea of sand,

no -water

be

had

who

will

save

you

7C
to-day
1

KINGS 05 KiSHMflU,
"

Hearing this speech, the whole army became

sliali

motionless like a

crop destroyed by hail stone^

The king heard the lamentations of the frightened soldiers and lifted his hand to stop their ories and said, " I am
glad,
l!ut
!

minister, to see your devotion

to your master,

on

me

your deception

is
;

in vain, as the blow of the

iron on the stone Yajramani

and you

will

now

grieveJov

your falsehood as one does who grasps a flame mistaking

it for

a jewel.

As

the

sound of a thunder opens the

Vidura ground, so look at

my

order -waters will spring

laing

from underneath tho ground."

dig tho earth with a htnta
;

The
and

then began to

as Shiva with his spear

made the Vitaati

flow,

there he brought out from pdtdla,

a river the life-hope of his soldiers, which relievod them.

The

ex-minister of the king of Sindhu, his labours

now

being abortive, and wounded as ho was, returned to tho

country of his master, whero Death entered after him;

for

the king of Kashmiva defeated the wily king of Sindhu,

reduced him to the condition in which his minister had

appeared before him, and devastated his country.

river JLuntavabini,
desert,

The
in the

which the king struck out

and whioh ran according

traots, is still

to the wants of the king

through various

flowipg m,JJttarpatIia.
of wonderful anecdotes

Though

there

are thousands

of this king, I do not narrate

them for

fear of lengthentraits to the

r

ing the history.

Time and covmtry give some

j

character even of the great

rivers clatter

as oven noiseless
rooks,

and deep
their clear

when passing over

and

KIITGS

OP KiSHMfUA.
rainy season.
Is
it

77
the

water
fault

is

turned

muddy

in the

of Kaliyuga, or of the throne that even this prince

traits in his character?

showed some bad

Onoe,
of his

when dwelling at Parihisapura in the company women and intoxicated with wine, he told his minip.
wished to increase the beauty of his
city,

ters that if they

they should
Pravarasena.

bum

Pravarapura, the oity built by king

His orders could not be disobeyed, and

tho ministers hurried to the plaoo

and

set fire

to the

dry grass and heaps of grain at V&tulanaka.

The king

saw from his palace the burning flames and laughed

loudly.

Even a good man, when

others, as

filled

with envy, sees

things belonging to
really are
;

more

plentiful than they

as the eye affiictcd

with Timira sees

so,

moon
this single

&c, double.
king,

For

if it

were not

why should

who

built numberless

cities,

consider the
fit

one built by Pravarasena to be

to *>e destroyed.
sin

But when he became

-

sober

he

grieved at the
Grief
in

committed in burning the town.

corrodes the

the heart

body as long as life remains,

like fire within

the hollow of a dried-up tree.

his ministers

On

the morning when

aw him repenting, they removed his grief

by assuring him Chat they did not burn the town.

king was glad to learn this
fact,

The
then

as one

is

to see Ufi son

whom
him,

in

dream he thought he had

lost.

He
to

1' praised his ministers,

and instructed them not

obey

when he issued orders under the

is

influence of wine.

The world

like

a woman of the town, and the king

78
like

KINGS 01 KiSHMiRA.

her temporary lover.

1'ie

te

those
;

who

for their

own

pleasure want to please such a king

but those wno

disregarding life, preveut the king from following a wrong

way, hallow the world.

"

On

another occasion the king

assured the king of

Gaura of his

safety by the god Shrfparjhasakeshava, but

afterwards caused
tit
'

Trigr$,m{.

The people

him to be murdered by wicked men of Gaura were then very

powerful, and for the death of their king they were ready
to give

up

their lives.

Some of

thonj entered Kfahmfra

under tho pretence of visiting Sarasvati, and

collected thomselvos into a

having
of

body besieged the temple

Parihasakeshava.

The king was not then

seeing that
of the temple.

in the city,

and the

priosts

they intended to get an

entrance, shut

up the gates
of

On

the other

hand the people

temple
stood>

Gaura seeing BsLmasv&nif,

side of the other, built of

whose
silver,
its

by the
it to
it

and mistaking
seat
side.

be Parihisakeshava, tore it from

and broke

to atoms, scattering the pieces

on every

They

were, however, overtaken

city,

by the

soldiers

who

were in the

and were

killed at every step.

They

were cut to pieces

blood
fell

their

sable bodies besmeared with

for the

on the ground.

Thus they 3ied nobly

cannot gallant

loveof their king.

What

men do? They

death of

came

all

this distance,

and perished

for the

their king.

Even Vidhiti cannot

exhibit such heroism.

And

at that age kings had several such devotedjmd

powerful servants,

The

favourite

god Parihasakeshava

KINGS OB KiSHMfBA.
was thus savod
place of the
l/y

79

the destruction of Itflmasvimi.

is

The

latter

vacant to this day, but the glory

fills

of tho heroes of

Gaura

the whole world.

Thus passed the days of the king j the greater part

of his reign
to see

was spent outside his kingdom.

Anxious

no one but himself king iu the world, he again led

an* expedition against Uttarapatha.

The orders

of this

kiug were obeyed in realms where the sun did not shine.

The ministers

for

long

time had no intelligence o

him, and tho messengers

whom

they had sent returned

with tho following message from the king.

" What a
have I to

mistake

it is

on your part to expect

my

return when. I

have entered these regions %

enter

What

business

kingdom leaving behind the new kingdoms whioh I conquer every day 1 The river issuing from its
source terminates in the sea, but the oareer of

my own

him who
and reign

conquers for the sake of conquest has no termination.

T

am

instructing

you what you have to

do,

accordingly.

Let not the great

men

of the country effect

a quarrel

of the future world,

among you, for like atheists they hare no fear The people who dwell iu the oaves
for

of mountains^ghould be punished even without fault,

if

they can get nraney and fortify themselves they will

turn out formidable.

Let not the

villagers gef grain

let;

more than would

ting their lands,

suffice

them

for

one year, and

1b

them

have iomore bullocks than what

for if they gain

required for cultiva-

more than they require

will

for the year, these cruel

DSmaras

become powerful

80
enough to
set

KINDS

01?

EiSnillRA. orders ef the king, and shall

aside tho

become strong before the sovereign can

know

of

it.

When the

villagers have clothes, wives, eatables, elephants,

ornaments, horses and houses like the citizens; when tengB neglect to watch important forts
;

when thej
j

are

not able to know the hearts of their servants

when
;

the

jigeers are granted to soldiers in one district only

when

the Kgyasthas are united to one another by marriage

*wheu

kings see their officers behaving like Kiyasthas;

lot is

then you will know for certain that the people's

going to be changed for the
sideration follow

worse.

After careful con-

my advice,
scent

and

let

not outsiders know

is

of this.

As by

the nearness of an elephant

known, and by lightning that of the thunder-clap,

so

by ome the heart

of

man

can be ascertained.

My

sons

Kuvalay&ditya and Vajr&ditya are the samo to me, but

being born of 'different mothers,
their intellect.

there

is

difference

in

The

elder should be anointed

when he
or-

is strong, still if it

be necessary you may disobey his

ders.

If

he leaves his kingdom, or

commits

suicide,

remember

my

words, let none of

you be

grieved.

My
if

younger son you should not raise to the<-throne, or

you do never
still

disobey him.

And though he
'

be oppressive
grandson,
',

you should guard him.

To my youngest

the boy Jayiplra, yon should always say,

grandfather.'"

be like your

The

ministers, understanding his purpose and'despair-

ing of hia return, bowed to his orders and wept.

One

KINGS
day Changkuna after

01?

KisnitfRA*
said to the poople
is

81

much wooping

" Anoint KuvalayipiA, for ^ie king

the foot

dead."

lie learnt
dia-

by magio

for

though the minister was at a

tauoe yet by forao of good fortune he could accomplish

diffioult

things.
;

Although the sun be clouded, yet expands

the lotus

though the clouds be at a distance, yet they cool

the sunbeams.

The great have some

secret

powers,

not

apparent to others,

by which they oan effect difficult The king died after a reign of things from a distance. Some thirty-six years, ^evon months and eleven days.
say he perished at A,'iynaka snow.
glory

by an untimely

fall of

heavy

Some again maintain

that in order to keep

up

his

he burnt himself when in a danger.

Again, there

are others

who

are

of opinion

that he with his

army
also

entered

the abodes of the gods through TTttarjpatha.

this

As the history of the acts of

is

king

is

strange, so

the history of his death.

When

the sua sots,

enteYs
into

some
fire,

say he enters the sea,

others say he

some again say, that ho goes to another world.

claim their greatness.
Lalitiditya

Even

so

when the great are dead the tidings of their death pro-

was succeeded by Kuvalayfipira horn of

queen Kamalattevt He. ennobled his royalty by charity,

as the serpent brigntens his skin

by

casting off his old

slough.

His reign was for a short time darkened by his

quarrel with his equally valiant brother.

for

The

quarrel

some time remained nndeoided owing to

1

their depend-

ant * very often chauging sides for money.

At last the

82

KIHGS OP KlSHMfRA.

king overoamo his younger brother and also the dependants who took

money
of

from- both sides.

Now, having
strength,

maintained peaoo in the kingdom, and gaining

he was ambitions

making foreign conquests.

either

But

at

this time one of his ministers,

remembering the

instructions of the late king, or through pride, disobeyed

Kuvalayipira

at

which he was so angry that he cquld

not at night sleep even for a moment, an d thought not

only of killing him but several of his partisans.
r

But

afterwards when his anger was

assuaged, he wondered
to

how lie had ever thought And he thus questioned

peace
after

it fit

himself

" Who

take po

many

lives.

ever lives in
self?

committing crimes

for

the sake of

What

reasonable

mau wants

to violate
1

the path

of

virtue for his ungrateful person

of the changes time brings

None takes notice on him. The immortal

!

beings laugh at us, for they found us yesterday thoughtlessly laughing

in

childhood

to-day they

see

our

beards grown aud our faces looking red like ' copper in

anger j and to-morrow they will

ance
goat."

behold our countenthe

and hair

disfigured

like

head of an
of

old

Thus thinking
peace,

on
left

the

mutability

man,

and valuing

he

his lp'ngdoaifand went into

the woods of Plakshaprasravana.

At the time

of his

departure he wrote on his seat the following line

bIiow his asceticism"

wMoh
in

Go

to the woods, fix your

mind

devotion, for the riohes

short duration."

you

see are perishable/and of

This seer-king

may

be

seen by

<-tho

KINOS OF KiSHMfRA.
good even to this day at Shrf
hill

83

and other
the

places.

\jfhen the son of his masterr thus left

kingdom, the

minister

Mitrasharmm with

his

wife drowned himself

for grief in for

the waters of Yitasta.

This king reigned

one year and fifteen days.

sucoeeded
his

Him
The

brother

Yajr&ditya

also

called

Vappiyaka or Lalitgditya, born of queen 'Chakramardika.

cruel temper of this king contrasted strangely with

the gentle charaoter of his brother.

He

robbed Parihi-

sapura of
it.

many

gifts

with which his father had adorned

females in his zenana.

This luxurious
sold

Mug had many

He

many

people to the Mleohohhas, and introduoed

their evil habits,

After reigning seven years this vicious

king died of consumption, the effeot of his debauchery.

His son Prithivyipira by queen Mangjarika, then came

to the throne.

He was

a great persecutor of his subjects,

and reigned for four years and one month.

He was dethroned by
born of queen Massa.
days.

his step brother &anggr&mpjra

This prinoe reigned only seven

These two kings did not benefit the kingdom.

After the death of Sanggrtaipira, Jayapfra the youngest

eon of Yappiya or
Lalitditya,

ascended the throne.

of

This prince

j^Hwmbered the words

to the
direction

the ministers,

" Be like your grandfather," which they used to repeat

to

him according

of king Lalitadiiya

I,

and being ambitious of conquest, he collected an army scud set cut of his country. Arriving at the gate of

Kishmira with his feudatory

chiefs,

he asked the old

81

KINGS
there as to

Off

KiSHMfai.

men

the

numerical strength of the army

with which his grandfather htd set out.

smiled and said,
tion
1

The

old

mra

"What

is

the use of asking that ques-

For that which was then accomplished cannot be

repeated again.
litters

He had one

lak and twenty-five thousand

eighty

of war with him, whilo you have only

But the king did not think the oonquesj; of the world difficult with the army he had collected, as he thought times had muoh changed siuoo the days of
thousand."
his grandfather. of his gvandsire.

The old mon found n him the spirit 'When the king" had gone far out
and ascended
hand, many

of his country, his wife's brother rebelled

the throne of
soldiers

Kdshmira.

who had not

daily

On the other muoh loyalty in

deserted his

them,

and

longed for homo,

to their country.

apny and

returned

Thus

deserted, yet

resolved to show

his personal valor, the king

his pride

made a solemn vow. Through

which was not yet humbled, ho surmounted

fortune.

the frowns of

Sending his feudatory kings

he with

who

followed him, to their respective countries,

a few followers went to Prayiga.

tained the

There having

ascer-

number

of his horses,

he presented one

lak

minus oue to Brihmanas with

on the banks of the

rioh* offerings.

And

there

Ganges he ereotod a monument

effect

markod with
that

his

name, and an inscription to the

he who should be

able to present one lak of horses

might pull down Jayipira's monument, ancT erect hiu own. The Gauges still laves with its waters the mami-

kings of KlanwfaA.

85

meut marked with the name of Jayapira. He then ordered his soldiers to rolutn home, and separating himself

from them, wont out alone one night, and entered

of Jayanta,

the city of Paundravardhana, the possession the king of Gaura.

hiiu, delight to see.

Long peace had made the citizens rich which it gave The king know dancing, and naturenough wished to see a dance, and entered the

ally

(emple of Karttikeya.
,it

For a time he
lie

sat

on a stono

the door of the temple.

had an

air of majesty

in

him which, the people perceived and wondered, and

they

moved

abide

from him.

It so

happened that the

tho beautiful

dancing girl
king,

Kamala, saw with wonder

and his uncommon mein.

She

also

marked that

he frequently touched his shoulders and concluded that

lie

mast be some great man

disguise.

travelling over the world

in

"

May

be," she thought,

" he

is

a king
is
it!

or

a king's son or

born of some high family who

since he

ftcoustomed to take betel from behind him,

frequently touching his back.
ears

The elephant shakes

his

though there be no black bees, the lion looks behind

as he goes

though there be no elephant near, the peacock

clouds be
dispersed;

dances thougTT^ke

thus habit
so

makes one work though there be no cause

ing."

for

work-

Thus thinking she made a sign

haud on
his

to

a bosom friend

of hers^ bidding

her to approach the king; and when he

placed his

back as before, Ktimali's friend

which
the
king
took,

placed

a betel

there,

and

SG
putting
it

KINGS OF KiSHMfRA.
to
bis

mouth looked back and saw

her.

He
she

asked her by a movement* of his eyebrows who

was.

Sho replied his question.

;

He

was pleased with

over, '

her sweet conversation

she accompanied

and when the dance was

him

to Kamala's house.

The king was

risen, she

struck with Kamala's

ness and beauty.

oourteous behaviour, her tender-

Now when

the

moon had

took hor gues>t by the hand, and led him to her bed
voom.

Theie lying on a golden couch, the

girl,

drunk

with Mairoya wine, practised her arts ow the king, but he

did not touoh her.

And when
!

she became ashamed of

her forwardness, the king clasped her to his bosom, and

gently
liave

said

" It is not,

beauteous-eyed, that you

not touched

my

heart, but

owing to

my

present
respond-

misfortunes I

am

obliged to offend thee

by not

ing to your caresses.

am your

servant, your simplicity

has bought me, and you will soon know

then,

my

history,

and

esouse me.
till

Know

that I have

vowed not

to enjoy

pleasures

I have done

my

task."

So saying he played
re-

a tune with

his fingers
:

on the couch, and sighed and

is

cited a verse

" Whose lusl of oonquest

not

satisfied,

can he think of

woman ? The

sun does not come to

his

spouse in the evening without tconw?Jing the whole

world."

When

he had finished the

reoitation, the girl

took him to be some great man.

the king was about to depart,

On

the morning when,

Kamala requested him

not to go, and gave him a lodging in her house;

Once the king went out

to a riverside to perform his

evening prayer, and it was late -when he returned,

and

KINGS OS ElSQMlRA.

87

found tho wholo household extremely anxious on his

account.

When

lie

Ilskod ,the
:

ICamali Btniled and said

great lion which kills

" At night
;

cause

of their anxiety,

there comes
it

many lives

day by day

destroys

man, elephant,
one
her
city

horse,

and you being

late

we were

apprehensive of your safety.

stirs
tale.

from

his

house at

Be he king or prince, nc night." The king smiled at

That night passed, the king went out of the

next evening, and waited beueath a large Banyan

tree for the lion.

^From a

distauoe he spied the animal

of

looking like tho

vijry smile

Yaina moving about.

He

shouted in order to draw the cttcutiou of the boast,

noise,

and at that doafouiug

pronohod,
bis

the lion yellod and ap-

ears erected.

mane shaking, his eyes burning, and his He lifted up the forepart of his body and
The
active king thrust his
lion,

opened his mouth.

hand up

to the elbow into the mouth of the his

chest.

and cut inside and hiding

The

lion vomited blood and" died of that

single stroke.

The king washing

his blood,

the

wound

in his elbow, slept as before in

the house or

Kamali.
lion

Tn the morning king Jayanta heard that the

killed,

had been
it.

and urged by

curiosity,

went out to he who

see

Therff-,lA beheld the

huge

carcase of the animal

felt sure that

killed

by one single person, and

it

had destroyed
surprised

was more than man.

He

was, however,

when a

[an ornament worn,

follower of his gave him a eyurat on the upper arm] taken out from the

mouth

of the lion,

marked with the name of Shrfjay&pira.

88

KINGS OF KiSHMfRA.

How came

he here 1 Asked the king, and tho city became

After assuaging the faara

alarmed at the information.

of the citizens,

king Jayanta thus

afraid,

addressed them

"Why

are

you

O men
is

of little sense,

now

that

you should be glad?

It

rumoured that

for

certain

Teasons the powerful king Jayipira is travelling in the

world alone under the

false

name of

prince

Kallata.

I have no son," continued tho king of resolved to marry

"

Gaura) " and

am

my

daughter Kaly&nadevf to him.

after,

Ho

ought to be sought
it will

and

if

he.be found without

for

seeking,

bo as one

who seeks
all

jewels and finds

the island where there are

precious stones.
will

He must

be in

this

city,

and ho who

bo ablo to give auy

information about him will obtain in return whatever ho

deBires."

Tho

citizens,

trusting in tho

word

of their at last
stop*
his

truthful kiug,

made search

after Jayipira,

and

informed Jayanta that the king of ping in the 'house of Kamali.

Kashmira was

The king with

palace.

ministers and his ladies oame to the place, and with due attention conveyed

him

to

his

And

then he

married him to Kalyinadevf.

the five kings of Gaum, and

Jayipira then subdued

made his father-in-law paramount over them. The army which l^'IIad left behind under the command of DevaBharmml, the son of Mittrasharrumi, the minister of his grandfather, joined him

and at the request of his general he returned to his country with his wife and Kamali. On his way he
defeated the king of Kiuyabubja,

and took away from

him

his splendid throne.

KWG3 OP

KiSlIMfRi,

89

YPhen he entered Kashmira,

"who had usurped his throne,
obstinate battle

his brother-in-law Jajja,

came out

against him.

An

was fought

for several days at the village

of Pushkaletra.
villages

During these days the dwellers of the

and

forests

flocked to Jayipira,

who could not brook the usurper, who was beloved of his subjects.
battle,

In1 the course of the

one Shrfdeva, a
Jajja.

villager,

and a Ghandila by
the battle,

oaste,

sought for

They pointed
water

out to him Jajja riding on horseback in the thick of,

buf being

thirsty

he was drinking
Jajja
is

from a gold3u vessel.

cried out

"

Now

killod

by me,"

Shndeva as he struck hirn with a stone tied to

tiling.

When he had
for food.
Jajja's

set out for battlo,

he had said

to his

mother that he was going to help the king, and

His mother laughed, but he resolved

had asked

to kill Jajja.

ground with stone, and motionless,

army seeiug him struck down leQ; him

to tho

dying.
lie

Thus he ceigued

foe three years in the

kingdom which

gained by rebellion.

He

lived in anxiety, dreading the

arrival of his powerful foe.

not,
if

The

riohes of merchants last

they appropriate what

is

entrusted to them, nor

of prostitutej^if they deceive their paramours nor of

kiugs, if they

gH

tfie

kingdom by

rebellion.

After the

death of

Jajja, JayjLpfra reigned,

aud by

his

good ^worka

he attracted the hearts of the good.

devi bounded a

His queen Kalyinafield

town named Kalyinapuro on the

of her husband's victory.

The king founded A

city
]

named Mahttuapura, and

set

up a large image of Keehava,

90

kings on KAamufiu,
also raised a city

and Kamala
name.

named EamaU

after hoc

The king made

several

improvements in the kingdom.

He
tiie

introduced such sciences as were long forgotten in

country,

even as Kashyapa brought the Vitasta, and

encouraged his subjects to cultivate learning.

learned

He

iuvited

men from

other countries and

employed thflm

5n collecting the fragments of Pitanjali's commentary

,

on the annotations
tical

of

Katyayana on Panini's gramma-

aphorisms.

Tho king himself

u&d

to

take

les-

sons from Kshfra, a Professor of Grammar,

lilted

Ho

never
praise

nor tolerated

self-praise,
title

but valued the

of the learned.

The

of pandita

was more

prized

in his reign than that of the king.

He

listened to

whatever learned

men

said,

and

so

the inferior kings

who had any

learned.

favor to ask crowded in the houses of the

his assiduity to get

Such was

together learned
courts

men, that
of

men

of

lore

became scaroe in the

other kings.

In Shukradanta's house of

charity,

where boiled

rice was distributed, one learned man named Thakriya was made the head. Anothor learned man named Udbhatabhatta was made the president

of his court

on a daily pay of
poet,

ofle

lr'Tofdmiras.

He

made D&modaragupta a

who had

the art of pro-

curing women, his principal minister.

his court were Manoratha, Shangkhadatta,

The

poets of

Chataka and
others.

Saudhim&na; and

his ministers were

Vamaua and

Once the king dreamt, when in deep

sleep, that the

KINGS OE KiSHMfiu.
sun was rising from
tlje

91

west,

and he kuow thereby that

This

some virtuous panditas had entered his kingdom.

took so great a pleasure.

noble and eloquent king appreciated learning in which he

What joys

can those kings

feel,

who,

like

blind balls, are bont only on satisfying their

appetites.

As

the embrace of the wife

who

is

determined
the dead

to fellow

her lord to the other world,

is to

when placed on the funeral pyre ; as the juioo of the sugarcane is to one who has lost his taste by Mahdmoka
disease; as the

went

of

the garland

is

to the dead]

cvon so

is

tho grandeur of learning to the senseless.

of his messengers to get five

The kiug once ordered one

Eakshasas from Ceylon.
other thftu his minister for

Tho messenger who was nono

board the vessel,

he tore the
Yibhishaua,

war and peaco, fell overand was swallowed by a Timi fish ; but bowels of the fish and reached the shore.
kiug of Ceylon, gave him five BakshasaB...

The kiug bestowed much wealth on the messenger, and caused the Eakshasas to fill up a deep tank, and build a fort named Jayapura
which equalled heaven in beauty.
three large images of Buddha,

and sent him back to his country.

The kiug

set

up

a monastery, and an

image of a goaafcss named Jayfttevf in that town.

also set

Ho

up images

of

Pima and
filled

his brothers,

and of

Vishnu reposing
caused? the

on a snake.

tank to be

employed the Bakshasas in

Some say that the king up by his workmen, and doing some other work. Once
him
to cause a city

the king dreamt that Vishnu asked

02
like

KINGS of kAshmIra.

ba built surrounded by water, and he built a town so surrounded, which the people, even o

Dv&ravaU

to

this day, coll Abbyantarajayapura,

In this

oity,

Jayadeva,

who was
Jjefore]

at the head of the five departments [mentioned

built

a monastery

and A'oha, the

son-in-law of

Pramoda the king

A'oheshvara.
r

of Mathuri,

who was

subject to the

king of Kashmfra, set up an image of Mahadeva naiaed

The kiug again set out for conquest. He had a large army with him; his elephants appoared"as a continuation of hills as far as the sea, and his army'stretohed from
the Himalaya to the Eastern Hills.
r&ja,

At night Summunithe

and others with the Chandilas kept watoh over

army.

The king adopted the name of Vinayiditya and

founded a city in the east

named Vinayadityapura.
and brave and persevering,
yet
doubtful.
fort

Kings

may

be great

sudden dangers often render their fortunes

of Bhimasena, king of the East.
nized by Siddha,
that the king

Once disguised as a hermit, the king entered the

He

was, however, recog-

brother of Jajja,
spy,

and understanding

had come as a
all

he gave information

to Bhimasena who,

of a sudden, captured, and confined

efforts
i"i

him.

Here fate overcame the

man.

Jayipira,

however, did not lose his presenoe of mind in this great

danger, and began to plan his escape.
that,

It

so

happened
spiders,

at

this

juncture,

disease

caused by

broke out

among the people

of Bhimasena.
its

The

disease

was contagious, aad fatal in

effect,

and persona

kings
attacked with
it

01?

Kisnurfiu.
fellows.

03
Jayi-

wore deserted by their

pfra heard of this,

and caused
;

his

meu
it

secretly to bring

something that increased bile

of
of

ho ate

and had an attack

[a species

fever

and applying the juico of Vajra

Euphorbia] he produced eruptions on his body.

Now

the guards reported to Bhfuaasona that tho king of Kash"

infra

had an attack of what they thought to be the

prevailing disease,

and Bhimasena apprehendiug danger

therefrom,

sent out Jayapfra.

fort.

Thus

effecting his escape,

he captured the

Aramuri, thf loarsed and wily king of Nepala, wished

to

engage himself

iu

war with Jayapfra.

When
army

the

king of Eashmfra entered Nep&la, Aramuri collected his

army, and without submitting retired before tho

of

K&ehmira, Jay&pfra not oariug to fight with other kings,

pursued Aramuri through various countries like a faloou

that follows a pigeon, sometimes gaining
losing

and sometimes

sight of his

enemy's army.

Having conquered
vjith his soldiers

the countries around, he

encamped

by

tbe side of a river that flows into the sea

distance.

within a short

Thence he continued his march towards the

Eastern Sea for two or three days, his banners flying in

tbe

breeze

wE^H.

ca"ne

from the

sea.

After which he

got within sight of

the Nepila

army encamped on
eight

the

southern bank of the river, under the Nep&la umCrello.

The anger of Jayipfra was roused at the

of the

army

of" the

enemy, and on hearing

theiirv

notes of war.

Ami

finding that the water iu tho river

was only knee*

9d
deep,

KINGS.

OF KlSHUiKA,
place,

and not knowing the nature of the

river,
^i/lien lie

he

descended into the

the flood tide oame
of the
water,

had gone

half wajj,

in,

and immensely increased the bulk

His army

the place being near the sea.

consisting of men, nigas, horses, elephants, were borne

Sway by the cuweut.

The

king's

ornaments aud clothes

to

were swept away, and ho was carried by the stream

a great distance, but he kept himself above water by

swimming.
with

The

cries

and shrieks of the army, mixed

filled
a"|l

the roar of the waters,

sides.

At

this

opportunity the king was quickly ^picked up by the

enemies by means of leather bag, and thus to their great

joy he was captured,

The

favors of Fortune

aud

of clouds

own no

law, for

Fortnne often bestows great

causes mishap
;

favors, but

in the next

moment

and
day,

clouds, while

assuaging the heat of a long

thunderbolts.

summer

hurl down

The king

of Hep&la confined

him

in a

high stone-built houso ou the banks of tho K&lagandikjL,

and appointed

his faithful guards to

watoh over him.

The king
was so
Bee him.
nigh,

of Kashmira once
to do,

more in danger, and not

grief.

knowing what

burnt with
the

strict that neither

The confinement moon nor the sun could

tbj>*-tKe river

Bat by some means ho saw

escape.

was

and he planned his

Even

to this

day the

kind-hearted pundilas

remember the

lines

which the

king then composed regarding his condition.

PevasharmmS, the proud minister of Ksho>ira, was

grieved to think of the humiliation of the king, and de-

KINGS OF kAbhm!ea.
termining to roscue his master at the risk of his
aT sweet-tongued
life,

95
sent
to

messenger to Aramuri, and offered

give

up

to the

king of Nepala the wealth and the king-

dom

of Jayapira.

And

-when messengers from Nepala

came to him, and arrangements were made, he with the

Kishmirian
Kdlagandika,

He reached the" army entered Nepala. left his army on its banks, and crossed He was
introduced

the river with only a few followers.

into

the Nepala court by the feudatory kings, and was

well received
in

by

fche

king

who caused him

to sit

down
to his

his presence.

But

as

he was weaiy with

travelling,

tho king soon dismissed him,

Devasharmma came
after drinking

lodgings

and there passed the remainder

day,

of tho day.

On the nest
to

he and the king

aft'airs.

retired

privacy to settle their

The

minister told the

king of Nepala that the accumulated wealth of Jayaplra

was with the army,

of

the fact being

to

known

to the

king

Kashmfra

alone,

and

some of

his faithful

officers.

" I wish to hear from the king of Kashmfra," continued

the minister,

"where he has kept these

treasures,

by

holding out to

him the hope

of his being set free if he

would give them up.

I have not therefore brought the

army

here,

ioi"^ they to

whom the

riches are entrusted

be with the army, it will

treasures.

be impossible to get the

brought here one by
give out the secret" Thus

But

if

the soldiers be

one and seized they

may

deceiving the king of Nepala, he with tho king's permission

went to Jayipira.

He was grieved

to see the king,

9G

KINGS OP KiSHMIRA.
clearing tlio
.

and
Btill

room of

nil others,

asked his master

if

he

kept up his

spirits.

V You may suoooed,"

not."

said Up,

"

if

your courage

fails

thee

" "When I

am

thus

unarmed," replied his

I possess courage."
"lost," rejoined

master, " what can I do though not been

over.

"If your courage has

the minister, " the danger can be got

You

can leap from this window, and oross over

to the s

other side, for the

army that
said

is

there

is

yours." " Without

river oanuot be
height,

a leather bag,"
crossed,
it.

the king,

"the

nud

if

a leather bag be thrown /rom this

so your plan
is

will

burst,

usehss

and

after being
first ohas-

thus humiliated I do uot wish to die without

tising

the

minister,

"Wait for two dandas," said " and then come alone and you will see
foe."
it

the

the

plan I propose to cross the river, and follow

fear."

without

The king then retired and passed the usual time

it

out of the room, then entering

alone

he found

his mi-

nister lying dead on the ground, with a pioce of cloth tied

round Ihb neck; and on

sentence

" I
aud

it

was written the

following
is stuffed

am

but dead to-day,

my body

with

air,
;

will

be for you a leather bag which

will not

break

ride on

me and

cross the river.

I have tied a

cloth round

your thighs."

you* legj^TIthin it up to The seutenoe was written in the blood of his body, whioh he had taken out with his nails.
thighs, thrust

my

At
''

first

the Icing was surprised and grieved

after a while

fit

the

sight,

but

he

availed

himself of the

opportunity,

and plunging

into the stream, reaohed tho

KINGS OP KiSHMfflA.
opposite bank.

97

There,

being master of his army, he,

within a

short

time, destroyed the king of Nepala, and

overran his country, even before his guards

esoape.
It is strange that the

knew

of his

hour which gave birth to

virtuous

the rebellious Jajja,

gave birth also to the

like his father

Devasbarmmi who was

The king in
loBt,

Mitrasbarama?

spite

of his

viotories thought every thiug

beoause of the

death of his minister, who was to

him

like the strange jewel, the possessor of

which cannot

be killed.

In his conquests, he forgot his humiliation,

but he could not forget his minister.

The king thou conquered the country of women, but

prided
casion,

more on his conquest over his passions on that

oc-

From

this

kingdom he brought the

treasury,

seat of
;

Kama.
beitig

He

raised

a building
his

for the court of justice

and

distant from
office,

he

created another treasury

call-

which accompanied him in his march and was

or
travelling treasury.
''His

ed Chalaganja,

kingdom

exteuded to
country,

the four seas.

He

again returned to his

and surrouuded by

his feudatory kings, enjoyed

the glory he

had attained.
in a hill at

The king discovered a copper ore*

koti

Krama,

from which He brought copper, and caused one hundred

minus one
alone,

diuugras to be struck In his name.

He

the king prided,

koti coins will beat^nie.

t -

who will strike a mtndred Thus he ruled to destroy the

"
'" "

* See

Appendix D.

98
pride of kings,

KINGS OF KlSnllffiA.

and

left

a task lo be accomplished by
,

other princes.

^
left

Unfortunately for his subjeots, the king

the path

of his graudsire, and walked iu that of his father.

The
the

K&yasthas advised him that

ffttigues

it

was useless to undergo

of foreign

conquest when he could accumulate

wealth in his own country.

The king took

their advice,

and began

to oppress his subjects.

Shivadasa and others

Thenceforth ho

of his treasurers excited his oupidity.

"spent tho revenues of Kfishmira according to his pleasure,

and

as advised

by tho Kayasthas.

Tfys devices

he had

conquered other kings, -wero

by which now employed to enformerly

slave his

own mon.
for

The measures whioh had

the

beeu intended

comfort

of the good, were

now

adopted for tho oppression of the people.

He murdered
flattered him,

mauy

persons

and excepting those who

no one spoke well of him, even in dream. Prostitutes and kings both conlmit sins : the one cruelty and the other
fickleness.
is

Their senses are obscured by

sins,

'

The one

not

grieved

even to

kill his

parents,

the other to

embrace low men. In this way the king reigned for three years with such cruelty, and plundered even
the cultivator's share of the harvest.
-Hie- gain
overhis

turned his
friendsj

senses;

he considored the Kayasthas

though they gave him but a small share of the

appropriating
to

plunder,

themselves

the rest.

Even

Btahmanas who
to oppose the king.

always

have groat patience,, began

of

Some

them

fled

from the country

KINGS OP KkSBUfai..
as the

00
but at last tlioy

king began to

kill

many

of them.

combined and stood

destroy them,

togoLher,

and the king could not

to

thougli

ho continued

plunder them.

The kiug's character was greatly changed, and he was

spoken
once
ill

of iu poetry by the panditas.

The

cruel king

ordered that ninety-nine

Br&hmanas should ba

kjlled in

one day.

And when
after

he was sitting on the banks

of the

Chaudrabhiga

having forcibly taken posses-

sion

of Tulamula,

he was
in

informed
the

that ninety-nine
of that river.''

Br&hmanas

had,, perished

'waters'

From

that timo ha, ceased

to

take possession of lands

granted to

Br&hnianas, but he continued to take posses-

sion of those possessed

by men of other
king,

castes.

The BvSihmnnas who dwelt at Tulamula once came

to

say something to the

but were struck in his

presence

by

his

door-keeper,

and

consequently were

very angry.

" Brihraauas were never insulted before,

;

even in the presence of

other groa't kiugs " they said,

Munu, Mandhjjta, R&ma and " and when angry they

the heavon -with Indra, the

can destroy in a
earth with
its

moment

her mountains,

and the nether world with

Ngga

chief."

The king who would not ask for ad wee,

and was dgaerf&d by his feudatory kings, replied with

supercilious
pride.

"You cunning
is

people who eat by

begging, what pride

this of

yours that you pretend to

do what the

ltishis did."

The Brihmauas were cowed

Iitti

down* by his frown, but one

thus replied:

"We
;

couduot ourselves according to the times, as yoa are a

100
king, even so

KINGS 07 KiSHMfuA.

enquired:

we are Rishis." The king scornfully "Art thou the great Rishi Vishvamitra v
And, as
if

"Vashishta or Agastha?"

flaming with anger,

the other replied,

"

If

or Nahusha, theu I

am one

you he Harishchandra, Trishanku of those you mention." The

will y^onr

King then answered with a smile, " the curse of Vishvamitra

and others destroyed Harishohandra, &c, what

anger effect? "
his hand,

The Brahmana struck the earth

said,

with

and

"

will

not

my

anger bring down

Then said rthe angry king, Brahmadanda on thee?" " let fall the Brahmadanda, why delajr it longer 1"
"
ibaid

cruel

manj

there

it falls."

And no
into

sooner had
fell

Iitti

so than a golden bar

from the canopy

on the
in-

king.

The wound degenerated

erysipelatous

flammation, and insects generated on the suppuration.

He

suffered great pain, the sample

suffer

of what he would

have to

in

hell.

After five nights, he,

courted danger, died.

Thus the king

who had who used to

punish without

fault,

was chastised by Brahmadanda

Kings thirsting
for

and perished.
restrained

This powerful though fiokle king reigned

wealth, and
fishes

for thirty one years.

by no

limits,

take to evil ways, like the

which thirsting

for

muddy water

leave tfeeir place and go

on the dry land. The latter are oaught by fishermen, and

the fo'rmer are sent to hell.

His mother Amritaprabbi

set

up a god named Amritakeshava for the salvation of his soul. He was succeeded by his son Lalitapira by queen
Durgi.

Ho was

a very sensual king, and did not attend

KINGS OF KASHMfKA,
royal duties,

101

to

and

in

his

reign

prostitutes obtained

influence,

and
his

evil

ways

we prevalent.
spont

The
to

ill-gotteu

wealth
actors,

of

father was

by him ou danoers,
access

&o.
of

Bad

men

gained

the palace
art

as friends

prostitutes,

and taught him the

of

pleasing the public

women.

The king

oast aside his'

crown and royal ornamonts, and lived in the company

of females.

Those who conld joke and speak of women,

not warriors or learned men. His

wero his favorites,

passion
increased!,

with his enjoyments, and he thought

his father

was inanimate, because when he conquered the

of

kingdom
pleased
his

women,

he did not

touch them.

And

with the embraces of women, and surrounded by

temporary companions, he laughed at his ancestors who

felt

had

a passion for conquest.

The king rowarded

his

gay companions because they derided old

prevent

men

so

as to

them from approaching the

king.

In his court,

aud accompanied by hie courtezans, the king E&amed his old

ministers With loud laughter and jokes.

The wicked king

marked with the

clothed his noble ministers with clothes

foot-print

of

prostitutes.

One proud minister named

left

3Ianoratha, unable to reform the king, ceased to attend big

court.

There

is,

no way

but to desort a had king,

for it is useless to

oppose him or to conour with him, or to

to

/rieve for him,

or

work

his

evil.

The king

took

back from Brahmanas the places

named

Suvarnapfrshva,

Falapura .and Loohanotsa.

He reigned

for twelve years.

102

KINGS

03?

KASmdRA.

He was
uame

succeeded by his step-brother Sangramapira,

sou of Jayapfra, by queen Kalyana.

of Prithivyipira,

He

assumed tte

and reigned

for seven years.

After

him Chippatajayipu'a,

otherwise called Vrihaspati,

the infant son of Bali tapira,

''born

was made king.

He

was
the

of

Lalitipfra's concubine

named

Jayidevi,

daughter of Kalpapala an inhabitant of Akhuva.

This

daughter of Kalpapala had been taken away by Lafr

her beauty. The maternal uncles named Padma, Ubpalaka, Kaly&na, Mamma and Dharmma now ruled "ihe kuigdom during the king's infancy. They wore all yoang. The eldest
tgpira

on account

of

of the present king

held the fiTe principal posts, and the others held other
posts.

The

orders of

Jayidevf,

mother of the
set

king,

were obeyed by her brothers.

Jayeehvara.
is

She

up a god named
kings

The wealth BUved by parsimonious soon squandered by some successor. The king
his

spent
the

but a small sum, but

whole.

uncles
their

appropriated

The wealth which

But
as their

sister

had gaiued by
fortunate
appreafter

means of her beauty was now spent by her

brothers.

nephew grew up, they

hended their destruction.

consulting together,

And

these wicked

men

killed their*

nephew by

magic, in
died

order that they might rule the kingdom.

after reigning twelve years.

The king

After his death, his uncles were puffed

up with

pride

and could not brook that any one among themselves would

KtNG8
reign.

03?

EAsHmIrA.

103

up a puppet king, but they could not agree in their cboioe, and so they quarrelled. Tribhuvanapfra, son of king Vappiya by queen Meghavali, though the eldest, was not crowned, because all did not
They wished
to set
agree.

This Tribhubanaplra'a son named Ajitipira by

Jayidevi,

was raised to the throne by tttpala

in opposi-

tion to his colleagues.

all

the

five

But the king could not brothers equally, for when he spoke
were displeased.

please
to one

of

them the

rest

The

five brothers

who

appropriated

th<

revenues of the realm, set up

many

houses of god$ in
the

&e
set

city.

They with
said

their sons ruled

kingdom

wliioh

may bo

to

have been without

tttpalasvimf,
set

a king,
built a

tftpala

up a god named

and

town named TJtpalapura.

Fadma

up a god

namod Padmasvami, and a town named Fadmapura. The wife of Fadma named Gunadevi, built two temples, one withiu the city, and the other at Vyayeshvara.

Dharmma
Vishuu.

Kalyauavarmma
away as
five

up a god named Dharmmasvaml, and set up Kalyiuasv&mi, an image of Mamma Bet up a god Mammasvann", and gave
set
gift

eighty-five

thousand cows with calves, and

calf.

thousand diuaras with eaoh cow and

his.

Who

can estimate

wealth,

much
1

less

the

accumulated

wealth of all the brothers

oue desire and pray for their
acquired, whether

Their charity made every

riob.es,

by whatever "means

by plunder or by honest means.

The
than
the

houses

t>f

the gods built by

them were

far larger

other temples

which stood

beside them.

From

104
Kishmifian
era

KiNOs
89, *

ol?

KAsnultiA,
their

wlien

nephew

died,

till

now

they reigned 'without opposition for a period a

After this a battle was fought between

thirty six years.

Mamma
"poet

and

Utpalafca,

and

it

was

so obstinately fought

that the Yitasti was choked with dead bodies.

The

Shaukuka described

this battle in

his

work named
of

"Bhuvanabhyudaya.

Yashovarmma, the son

Mamma,
then
of

defeated his opponents.

The

victorious

party

dethroned Ajit&pira and crowned Anangapira

'

son

Sangiimipfra.
rmij

Unable to bear the ascendancy of Mamto the

SukhavarmmS, son of Utpala, began tor aspire

After three years Utpala died,
raised

kingdom.

and Sukhato
the

varmma
throne.

Utpalapiva

sou of

Ajit&piro,

Eatna the minister for peaoe and war, who had amassed

muoh

wealth, set

up a temple

for

the god

Batnasvimi.

Nava and other proprietors of the

village Vimal&shvji,

who were
latter

the judges of Dirv&bhisara,

&c,

livod

at

the

place as princes.

The

line

of Karkota became
thrive.

almost extinct, and the family of Utpala began to

When Sukhavarmm*
friend Shushka.

was, through his prowess, on the

point of becoming king, ho was murdered by his envious

Shura the minister, then thought Avanti-

vavmmi
*

son of SukhavavmrnS, to be

of the book,

* Wirti the exception of the calculation of date at the beginning which will be found in our Appendix. A. thus ia the The first instance where the author haa given a dato to an event, K4?hmlrirms calculated era by centuries. Here the year (ft signiilei tha 80th year of the century which was then current.

-^

fit for
_

the throue

KINGS OP KASHMflU.
and in order to prevoqt disturbances
Jio

101)

in tho

Kishmirmn

era

among the pooplo, '31+ deposed the reigning

kingdom
for

king Utpalapua,
This

and raised AvantivarmmS, lo the throue.

whioh his

man

obtained with ease the

father

and grandfather had tiied so hard.

The water of coronation was poured on his head from

a gulden vessel, his

golden ear-pendants glittering as

if

the sun

and the moon were whispering advices in his ears j

and at the time of his being crowned he was surrounded by the prinoes of iiis race.

Heie

ends ithe

7ourtu

book of

Rgjatarangiui
groat minister

by
of

Kiihlana sou of

Champoka Pravu the

Kishmfra.

There were seventeen kings of the line of Kavkota,

who reigned over a period of two hundred and sixty

years,
five

months,

and twenty days.

Altogether there

were seventy kings from the beginning.

the 31st year of the next century.

t This is

of course

lod

BOOK

V.

[Invocation.]
Avantivarmma
aud
ter
l)y liia

cleared the

kingdom

of all enemies,

good behaviour pleased the good.

The

miuih-

obeyed the orders of the king, and the king complied

with tho requests of the minister.

ing

The king was

is ro^re.

forgiv-

and

grateful, the minister

devoted to his master,

and without vanity. Such a union

The

wiscjiing,
his

although he had obtained a kingdorp, didr not forget

past condition and used

manner

" The regal dignity

men
(Fortune)

to

meditate iu the following

inspires ambitiou in great

minds, and leads

to crime.

There

is

none who W

favored with royal dignity but feels misery in the end.

How oan she

who rose from the ocean along

with

the courtesans of heaveu, learn to be faithful to one.

She

has no affection, and has followed no king to tho other

world though long

solicited.

The

stores of golden drink-

ing vessels of departed kings no longer belong to them

Why

do not kings feel ashamed to eat from plates from

1

which others have eaten before them

to look on the

"Who does not

fear

huge plates of silver macked with the names

of departed kings?

Who

oau

feel

pleasure at tho sight

of

tho<e unholy necklaces which have been taken out from

the necks of dying kings 1
fied to

And who
left

does not

feel

terri-

touch these

ornaments

by them' with

their
I

regrets

and lamentations at tho time of their death

KINGS OF ici-smifiu.

107
persons."

Wealth

is

purified

whon bestowed on proper

Thus thinking, the king broks the golden ornaments and One Brahmana thiugs, and gave them to Brahmanas.
instead of

saying,

" admirable

king,"

when he

re-

him by name Tho king was so pleased at this that The king gave away lie bestowed much wealth on him. in oharity retaining only his Chdmara and everything
ceived the gift, addressed
!

and said " admir-

able

Avanti

"

umbrella,

and thus he spent the accumulated wealth of

bis predecessors.

His brother and brother's son rose against him several

times,

but he defeated them in battle, and having res-

tored peace in his

liis

kingdom, ho divided bis wealth among

affection towards them.

friends

and servants, out of

Out of his affection too for his step-brother Suiavarmmi

he
raised

him
to

to

the dignity of heir-apparent.

the villages of

This

Kunw&vmma bestowed
Ilastikarna

Khadhuyi

and

Brahmanas, and aet up images of two

gods named"
king also set

Suravarmmasv|mi and Gokula.

The holy
and

up

a Matha, the

pride

of the world,

bedtowed

the village

of Pancbahnsta on Brahmanas.

Another brother of the king named Samara, Bet up images

of

Rama and

his brothers as well as

one of Samnrasvmf.

The two younger brothers of Sura named Dbira and

Vitrapa who were accountants, built
after

up two temples named

them.
*

These two brothers went up bodily to

of Shiva
!

Eailfoa,

the heaven

Sura had a door-keepe*

108

KINGS OP KiaHMf&A.
sot

named Mabodaya who

soanii.

It was in this tomp^e

up a god named Mahodaya tbatlUmaja whoso school

employed as
expo-

of

grammar was then

celebrated, was

sitor.

Prabhikaravarmma, the king's minister,

built a

temple of Yishnu named Probhakarasv&mi.

'

He

had a

tame shuka bird who accompanied other Shuhas and brought many pearls ; whereupon the miuister built the
celebrated Slmk&vali.

The minister Shura patronized learning and encouraged

the learned, and

many

learned

men wege brought

pair,

to

the
well
this

court in royal oarriagea

received.

drawn by
authors

and were

The

following

flourished in

reign

:^Muktakann, Shivasvirnf, A'naudavardhana and

Kritamandara the bard of the
minister

P.atnikara.

Shura used to repeat the following sloka in the court " This is the time to do as a hint to his master.
pood, while fortune lasts, for fortune
is

naturally

fleeting,

and danger

fa

always at hand,

and when danger

comes,

there will be
raised

no more opportunity to do good."

edifioes,

Shura

many

and among others one

for Hara-

Parvati, a figure half

male and half female, at the

shrine

Sureshvari.
ing set

This temple waa very strongly built.

Aud havof

up the god Shuroshvara, he built the temple Shura-

matha, as high as his own mansion, for the dwelling

devotees.

He

built

a beautiful town named Shurapma

is

and brought there the oelebrated drum which was

Kramavartla,
Hatnavardhnna, his son, set

up an

image

kiwqs of KiamifaA.
of Shiva

109

named Bhutcshvara
-wife,

at Suroshvari,

and built a
K&vyaat

matha within the

dovi,

enclosure of

Shiiramatha.

his

set

up a Shiva named Kivyadevishvara

Sureshvarf,

The king who had no vanity in him, allowed his brothers and Shura and SMra's sous to bear the royal arms. The king was from his childhood a Vishnuvite,
but out of regard for Shlra he inclined towards
vaisrn.

Shi-

Ho

built the

town of Avantipura at Tiahvoukasal-

Bara

the shrine ,where the souls of the dead reoeive

vation.

There, before he became king, he had set

up the

imago of the god Avantisvami, and after becoming king

ho set up that of Avantishvara.
bathing vessel ho

And

out of his silver

Tri-

made

three seats for three gods,

pureshvara, Bhutesha, and Vijayesha.

His minister Shura was so devoted to him, that ho

cared

ueithor for his

life

nor for viitue nor oven for his

son in the service of the king.

One

day, wften the king

his

had offered his

offerings,

befitting

wealth, to god

Bhuteshvara, he saw that the wild Utpalash&ka vegetable

hud been placed by the priests on the seat of the god.

And when the king asked the

lives

reason, they fell prostrate,

:

and clasped their hand^s, and roplied

a fiery and strong
of Shura
as

" In Lahora there

rain.

beloved

his

man named Dhanva who is as own son. He always wosships

down

gods and has the power to bring

person has taken possession
to -the

Now

this

of the villages

attached
is

temples and consequently this wild vegetable

110
all

kinos ou KiemifnA.

which can be had, and which has been offered

to tbo

god."

The king protended

be suddenly

ljot to 'hear

tho above, and

left

feigning to

attacked with oolio pain,

worship, and went out.

But

Shfira guessed that there

was some reason

for the king's leaving off the worship

oolio pain,

.and getting a sudden attack of

to enquire into the matter.
true reason ho becamo angry.

and began
learnt the

And when he

He

entered tho temple

of Bhairava which was

near the temple of Bhutesha,

nnd

in

which was Mitrichakra.

There ho prevented tho

people from orowdiug, and enoiroled by a few followers, ho

repeatedly sent messengers to bring Dhauva.
cruol

Dhanva,

though brave, arrived with his infantry.

But no

Hoouer had he entered the templo than tho armed men

of the minister severed bis head from his body, even

before the god Bhairava.

The

minister threw tho

bleedto

ing body into a neighbouring tank, and went out

itsiuago the anger of the king.

The king heard

that the

minister had beheaded

and wondered,
pain was gone.
Vert

aud

his anger abated.

him whom he had loved as his sou, And when Shiira

his

enquired about the health of the king, he replied that

The minister then raised him from his and caused him to finish his woiship. Thus the mi-

nister

to serve

who understood the motives of the king, was roady him and even to sacrifice his own life, although not ordered to do so. The king and the minister were
never angry with each other, and never have
'a

king

uml a minister like them been seen or heard

of.

KINGS OP KlSHMfaA.

Ill

For ton years during this reign, animals did not kill
<

se another

in so

much

tlrtit

Patina fish

left

the cold

water,

and basked

fearlessly

under the autumn sun on

the banks.

In this roign lived Shrikallata

and other

sages.

And

though their history

anecdote of one of
tory,

is long,

yet I shall relate

briefly the*

them

as it concerns the present his-

Kashmira, intersected with

many

rivers

and lakes,

was never a very productive country.

It

was owing to

the vigourou? efforts of Lalitiditya that the country

was

drained in soip-o pla>s and tho produce of the

land had

beon a

little

increased.

But

after

tho death of Jayapida,

tho king?

who succeeded were

Taddy was

feeble,

and the waters again

the consequence way
fifty din-

increased to their former bulk.

And

a famine.
iifros

sold at one

thousand and

per kharf.*

To
;

save

men and
it

animals from this

calamity,

Suyya,
,

one of the sages, was born.

No

one

knew
actions

of

his

birth

aud

was apparent from his

Kali

that,

although

born in tho SuyyS,

Yuga, ha
caste,

was not born of man.

a chandalf by

was on one ocoasion sweeping the dust from the roads,

when she found a now earthen pot covered; and on

raising the cover,

she "saw a boy lying

in

it,

and

per-

forming

Japa;

and

its

eye3 were like

lotus

leaves.

She thought that some unfortunate mother must" have

left

the beautiful child there.

* 32 seairf=l Jiomt,

While she was thus thinklfi

dtonad=l

kluEri.

112
ing, suddenly,

KINGS OF KiSHMfKA.

and out

of affection for tho child, tho milk

came

into her breast.

ifc

Without polluting tbo

in

child with

her touch she lodged

tho Shudra
its
lie

tho house of a wot nurso of

oaste, to

whom
child

she gave

money onough
;

for

support.

The

was named Suyya

and when

grew up aud was educated, he became tbo tutor of boys

man's house.

iD a rich

Ho

was, for his good conduct

circle

and

intellect, considered

as chief in the

of the

learned.

Ono

day,

when some people were

grieving on

aocount of tho recent floods, be remarked that bo had

intellect,

but not money,

and ho^oould^thoreforo
to

give

no
liis

rcdross.
spies,

Thii speech was reported

the king by
to bo

and the king wondored, and caused him

brought before him.

The King asked him

that be
courtiers

as to what ho

had

Baid.

He

fearlessly repeated

had

intellect

but no money.

The

pronounced him to be
intellect, placed

mad
all

but the king,

in ordor to try his

his

wealth at the disposal of this man.

vessels filled with dinnras3

Suyya took
to

out

many

and went by boat

Madava.

There in the village named Nandaka, which

returned.

was under water, he threw a pot of dinnaras, and

Although the courtiers pronounoed him to bo undoubtedly mad, tho king heard of his work, and enquired as to

what he did

At Yaksbadara in Kvamarajya ho began- to throw dinnaras by handfuls into tho water. The Yitasti was there obstructed by rocks which had fallen
afterwards.

into its bed from both its rocky banks

and tho

villagors
for the

who wero

suffering from scarcity,

began to search

KINGS OF KiSmiflU,
dinuaras,
,
'

113
in,

and

in so

doing removed tho rocks which, were

find

the bed of the river,

water.

cleared tho passage of the

No

sooner had the water flowed out than

Suyya

raised a stone

embankment along the

VitastjL,

whioh was

completed within seven days.

of the river,

Ho then cleared the bed and theu broke down the embaukmeufs.
river flowed
sea,

The passage was now quite open, and the

easily,

and rapidly towards the

after

as

if

anxiously and

eagerly,

this

long

detention;

and consequently

tho land again appeared abovo the waters.

Ho

then cu

now

canals

fromihe Vitasta wherever he thought that

of the

the oourse

river

had been

obstructed.
river,

Thus

many streams

issuod out of one

main

even like the

soveral heads of a serpent

from one trunk.

;

Sindhu which

flowed from Trigrama to the left

right were

and Vitasta on the

And oven to
town
exists

this
;

made to meet one another at Vainyasvami. day the junction made by Suyya near this
as

also the

two gods Vifihnusvami and

Vainyasvami at Phalapura

and Parihasapura Bituated

on either side of the junction; and the god Hrisbike&ha

whom Suyya this day may

marks of

worshipped, just at the junction.

also

And

to

bo seen the trees which grew on the

it

banks of the river as

flowed before, distinguished by

to

ropes by which boats were tied

rivers.

tbem.

Thus Suyya diverted the course of

stone

a embankment seven yojanas in length ; and thereby brought tho waters of tho Mahapadma lake under oonsaised
tuoL

He

He joined

the waters of the lake

Hahipadma with

114

KINaS OP KiSHMfRA.

those of the Vitasti, anil built

after,

maqy populous

villBges

having rescued the laifd from the waters.

The*

low lands which he protected by embankments are to

thiB

timo called Kundala, and there the harvest

is

very

plentiful.

Even

to

this

day when the rivers become

pillars

narrow in autumn, marks of the

erected by

whioh were

Suyya may be

distinguished.

When

the

waters rooeded, the jars of diunaras whioh he had thrown

in

deep water at Nandaka, wore found again.

several places

He

exa-

mined

and iriegated mairy

villages, the

produoe of which did not depondy^a ranis, by means

of artificial canals cut

from the Chanula and othor rivers

fruitful.

until the whole

country became

Thus Suyya

benefited the country such as even Kashyapa or Yaladeva

had not done.

at

Before his time, paddy sold in K&shmira

after

two hundred dinnSras a Khri even

a bumper

crop, but since his time the same quantity has sold at

only thirty-six diunara&

his

Ho

built

a beautiful
it

city after

own name on the Yitasts where

lake,

issued from the

Mahapadma
be
killed.

and he made a law that as long as the

world existed the fishes

and birds of tho lake should not

village of

He bestowed the

Suyyikuudala

to

Brihmanas, and erected a bridge 'Suyyisetu after the

name of her who had found him in the street. Avantivarmma and other kings built thousands and thousands
of villages on the land thus rescued from tho waters..

King Avanti reigned

well even like Mandhatl.

'He was
tfie

at Lwt attacked with a mortal disease and retired to

KiNas
ahrine

chp

KAsnufBA.
tho hill
of

116
Tripuresha,

of

Jyeshteshvara on

VThere on the approach of"doath he manifested a leaning

towards Vaishnavism.
gavadgita,

He

died listening to

the Bha-

and meditating on Vishnu's heaven. His death

moon, in the year 59 of the

happened in the month of Ashara, on the 3rd day of the

bright fortnight of the
*jOn his

era.

death

aspired to

members of the family of Utpala the throne. But Ratnavardhana the Royal
all

the

guard raised Shankaravarmmi, son

to the throne. envious,

of

the

late king,

and>

The minister Karnapavinnlpa became raises Sukhavarmma the son of Sura\

varmmi

to the dignity of heir-apparent

and so the king

aud the heir-apparent bocame enemies to oaob other,

and consequently the kingdom was frequently disturbed

by their quarrels.
fused offers

Shivashakti
honor,

and other warriors

re-

of wealth,

&c, from the opposite

party,
for

and remained faithful to their master, and died

Honorable men never desert their party.
After

him.

much

trouble the king prevailed at last.

others,

He

defeated

Samaravarmma and
acquired great fame.

on several occasions,

and

Having thus beaten and subjugated his own

he

relatives,

made preparations
was weak

for foreign

conquests.

Though

the country

in population, be

was able to set

out with nine hundred thousand foot, three hundred elephants,

and one hundred thousand

ill

horse.

He, whose

command had been

ahOrt while
before,

obeyed in his own kingdom a

to pass orders on kings.

now began

116

KINGS of KisnmfKA.
foroes of tributary kings,
his

His army was joined by the

and increased as he went

king
of
Dai'v&bhis&ra

'on.

On

approach the

fled in terror

and there was

caught several
sort of abode

no
lions

fighting.

The Kasbmirian army

in a
fort,

and confined them

they

in

which

had

never lived before.

G-urjjara.

The king
Prithjvf-

then marched for tho conquest of

chandra the king of Trigarta hid himself, but his son

Bhuvauackandra, on

whom

the king of Kishmfra had

bestowed wealth before, oamo to pay homage.

being captured, and accordingly turned and

But when
afraid of
fled.

he saw the largo army of Kashmip*, he be.camo

king of Kashmira,

The

whom

tho historians describe as a very

as Death
J

handsome man, was regarded by other kings Shankaravarmmi easily defeated Alakkana
Gurjjara

king

of

who ceded Takka a part of bis kingdom to Lis conqueror. The king of the Thakkiyaka family took
service
latter

as guard under the king of

Kashmira.

The
king

caused

the

kingdom of the

Thakkiya

which had been usurped by the king of Bhoja

tored to Lim.

to be res-

The

king of the couutry which lay between

(as

Darat and Turushka,

the Aryavarta lies between Hima-

laya and Vindhya,) Lalliya Shahs by name, who was among kings even as the sun is among stars, and was also
lord 'over Alakh&na, did not submit to the king of Kishmfra, on which the latter drove

him out of
after

his country.

After his conquest, Shankaravarmma" returned to his

country,

and

built

& town named

him

ia the pro-

KINGS 01 EASTIMittA.
Vinoe of

111?

Panchasattra.

In that beautiful town ho also sot

up two images of Shiva,

dhesha
,

Shankaragaurisha and Sugauhimself, and the

latter

the formor named after

after his

queen SugandhJ, daughter of Shrisvauii, king of

Udakpatha.
temple to

Oue NSyaka, a learned man,

Poots
purloin

built another
-1

Sarasvati in tha neighbourhood of the above

mentioned temples.
poetry,

from each other's

of their properties

and the great rob other

mon

and thereby increase

the beauties of their own works.

In order to adorn^ this new-built town, tho king conveyed

into
it

beautiful
for

thjngs from Parih&sapura.

The

salo

of

beasts

whioh the town

of tho Pattavas

was

now went on in this new-built oity. Ratnavanlhana the minister, who had raised tho presont king to tho throno, set up a Shiva named Shriratnavardhana.
celebrated,
It is strango that
acts,

the king who had once done glorious

evil.

now began

to do things which were

He became

avaricious,

and began to oppress

ho at

his subjects'. His treasury

was empty," and in order to meet the heavy expenses of

his luxury,
last,

and

after

consultation with his

Taised

advisers,

commenced to plunder the temples. He

villages,

money from towns, houses, and

offices

and created two

ningly appropriated the

named Attapatibhaga and Grihakritya.* He cunmoney which wns set apart for the
oil for

purchase of incense aud

*

the use of the temples.'

And

The duty of these officers appears to have been to help Min in hlj extortion. According to Dr. Goldstuekor they were revenue oiHcPis in IHslimir.i trfioio dutiet -wore levied on peiluwM, tanrlal wood, oil &c. The Sector regards thc^o offices one and tho game.

Il8

KINGS OF KiSroiiBA..
sixty-

ou pretence of superintending temples he plundered

four of thorn through
of villages
all

their

headmen.

IIo

took loae

attaohed to

tho temples,

but

appropriated
gods.

the income without paying

anything to the
of

The king gave only one-fourth

r

what had

hitherto
Iheir

been given annually

food, blanket &c.
;

to

the courtiers for the cost of

and this was more than what he wished

officers

to give.
posts,

When

he found villago

absent from

their

ho fiued them one year's pay through the

the villages,
lie

rospeot-

ablo persons of

algo

fined innocent

rural officers thoir year's pay.

Thus-ho introduced heavy

and impoverishing imposts in villages ; these imposts were of thirteen sorts. He impoverished villages by collecting tho

monthly

salaries of his

Kayasthas who wore

given to

cruel extractions, and by various other means.

From the

savings

made by reducing
fine

gifts to temples

as also from
his household

the

imposed on

villages,

ho managed

expenditure.

Ho

established five camps

and a sixth named Lnvnta the principal treasury, ou

spots where
carried on.

the various industries of tho country were

"When the subjects were thus severely oppressed,

the

king's son GopalavarmmS, took compassion on the people

and one day thus spoke to

man, I ask

his father

"0 father

tho boon

which you promised to grant me before, and you are a truthful of

you now.

The

stops which you have

adopted through the advice of KSyasthas, hardly leave any

hope or means to your

siibjeots to livo

upon.

It

is

'not

KINGS OF KiSHMfRA.
Jikoly that

119
this or in tho next
effoct

any good

will

come to you in

world from your tyranny.

oppressive acts
in

Who
is

can say what

these

may

bring in the future

world?

But

the present world there

nothing but

misohief.

People suffer
famine,

from the avarice of kings moro than from

disease, &c,

When

the king

is avarioious,

no one

'

wishes for his

welfare.

Charity and kind words oan

conquer the world,

kindness.

but avarice destroys charity and

Tho

avarice of kings destroys their beauty,

length of reign
mical

and power.
;

Tho
his

inheritors of an econowill

man

thrive

but no servant

do good to him
try to kill

who
ivho

is

not grateful.

Even

own men

him

has gathered immenso wealth.

What

unpleasant

things

may
is

not be effected by avarice,

as

by enemios %

Avarice

tho cause of disgrace to kings, so desist from

snob, avarioe."

prince

Having heard the gentle words of the tho king smiled and calmly replied " your adv:C3
tyranny has roused iu

against
uf

me

the feeling I felt

)ore.
like

When

was young

like you, I

was

e.

prince,

and,

you, loved the

subjocts.

According to

my

father's direction, I
in

used to wear iron mail in summer,

winter I could not wear

warm

clothes,

and was made

to ijo

about with

my

ffjet

bare.

Hunters who used to go

me, saw me walking by my horse, my feet torn mth thorns, and eyes filled with tears, and spoke HI of my father. But my father said that he had risen to the liguity" of a king from a low position, and that he knew
before

huw,to appreciate tho labors of those

who served

in dif-

120
foreut capacities

KIN8S OF KiSHMfBA.

myself I

and that after -undergoing such pain should be able to know the sufferings of others,
;

which otherwise I should never be able

being born
rich.
I,

to appreciate,

who have thus been schooled by my

.father iu hardships,

am now
As the
it

oppressing

my

people after

getting the kingdom.

forgets

sentient being,

the paiu which

felt

when

in the

when born, womb, wen

so the king, after gotting a kingdom, forgets the thoughts

,

he used

to

entertain before.
after

Therefore,

grant

mo

boon that

getting

the kingdom? you will not be

more oppressive than I am." Wtlen th"- king had said thus, the courtiers who were there, smiled and looked on
the prince, who held

down

his faoe in shame.

The king was unwilling to make presents and therefore kept himself aloof fromtho oompany of learned men,
while Bhallata and other minor poets attended his
court.

Good poets

.did

not get any pay from him, but Blmrisalary.

kolavata used to get two thousand dmnaras as his

The

fact

of the king's

birth

in a family of Kalpapila
like those

was betrayed by
of a drunkard.
raja

his vulgar

words which were

His venerable looking minister Sukha*

behaved

like

an aotor on the stage,

in order to do
4'he
in*

things according to the

wishes of the bad king.

king fearing a rebellion, killed during night the

nocent and heroic chief of D&rvUbhisara, Naravahana

and
sons

his servants.

Twenty

or thirty of this wicked king's

died without any disease, through the curse of hh

subjects.

Kings who oppress

their

subjects lose their

KINOS OP KiSUMfllA.
wives

121

and children, woallh and

life

shall narrate hereafter*

Lis cruel deeds.

how

e,ven his

in a moment ; and I name has been lost by

He
that

built

a town named Pattana, and made

his minis-

ter Sukhar&ja's

nephew

(sister's son)

lord of Dvara,

but

man
and

lost his life at

Bfr&uaka through his own carethe

king,

lessness.

upon,
patha.

and he marched and entered UttaraHe conquered many kingdoms on the banks of
This incensed
devastated
Birauaka,

tho Indus,

and when the

affrighted people of those places

submitted, he returned.
with the

When

he was entering Urasha

inhabitants of the place, and his

army lay

en-

camped,
hill

an arrow of a liuntor came from the top of a

and accidentally pierced his throat.

When

ou tbo

point of death, ho ordered his faithful

tho
tha.

men

to lead

baok

army

to

his country.

He was

carried on a harnira-

His sight became dim, but ho knew his weaping

queen Sugaudhg, by her voice, entrusted to her care his

boy Gop&lavarmma,
tracted from the

wound.

and expired as the arrow was exHia death happened on the way,

ou the 7 th day of the dark fortuight of the

moon

in the

month of Pliilguua, in the year 77 of the KSshmfrian

er%>

Sukharija and

others

safely

conducted

the

army
of

through the hostile oountries, concealing the faot of the

king's death.

By some
king's

contrivance

made by means

a oord," the

dead body was made to bend to the

to him.

feudatory princes

who bowed

After sis days the

122

KINGS OF KiSHMIKA.
a place within the Kishrairian
fear,

array reached ValUsaka,

territory,

whoro being freo from

thoy performed

the

fuueral rites of their dead king.

Sureudravati and two

also tho

other queens perished

on the funoral pyre, as

grateful V&lavitu and able Jayaainha, and two servants

"L&da and
flame.

Yairas>ra.

Thus perished seven persons

in the

Then tho

virtuous

to reigu under

the direction of his

boy,

and truthful Gop&lavarmmi, began mother SugandhS. and

did
livednipt

Though he was yet a

and the
habit.

among

the

vilo

seduced, yet

he

contract any
living

bad
in

His mother was now a widow, and

asked

luxury,

Prabhakaradeva,

a minister

(treasurer),

to her embrace,

and bestowed on her paramour

wealth,

rank, and three good districts.

The

treasurer robbed

the queen of

much wealth and

at Shihirfcjya.

built a town Bhindipursi The reigning Sh&hi* disobeyed his orders

to build the town, on which he changed

the name

of

the country to Kamalaka, and gave

the son of Lalliya.
'

it

to' TomarSiia
tho

Returning thence ho entered

capital,

proud

of his victory

and of

his intrigue with

the queen.

In the pride

of his victory,

he constantly
one was

in-

sulted warriors with harsh wonlri.

No

allow<J*to

enter the palace as long as he was there as

if it

were a
of
this

house of
*

ill

fame.

The young king came

to

know

ml

the comiption of tho mahomedan title shah. <3ee jourof the Asiatic Suricty of bengal for 1874, Part 1." Page 1W Where Fiiuz Shall U translated into the Sanskrita an Pheruj* Siihi.
Sliafti is

KINGS OF KiSJIMflU.
afthir

123

at last

and once accidentally met the minister

who was robbing him of his'wcalth and honor.

then

The king
deficit,

examined the treasury, and there being a

that the

the treasurer explained

amount wanting

had.

been spent in the war with the Shahi.

afraid

The

treasurer was
1

of the king,

and caused magic

to be performed.

by his frioud ltamudova, through the

the

influence

of

which

king was burnt to death.

evil

He

reigned for two years.

The

work of Eitmadeva being known, he became

punibhnymt and committed
suicide.

afraid of

Sangkata, the brother of the last king, and like him,

picked up in the streets, then became king
in ten days.
;

but he died

The dynasty
the queen

of

Shangkaravarmma being now

at the request of the subjects

oxtiuct,

Sugandba

began

to reign herself.

She

built a

town named Gopalapura, a

;

temple Gopalamatha, and a god Gop&lakeshava

other
late

and an-

town named

after her.

Nanda, the wulow of the

de-

king Gbpalararmnia, and born of high family,

voted herself

though

young

to

the services

of

god-

Keshava.

She was then in the family way, and her

hoped for a son.

raother-in-law

But the death of the

reigning

chftWhich happened

after delivery grieved the

queen, and she was anxious to

to

make over
The
foot

the kingdom

some one of the family.

soldiers

formed

themselves into companies here and there.

reigned" for

Sitgandn*

two years with the help of her Ekiu^fatf.

12-i

KINGS OT KASmrfnA,
ministers.

Tho Tantris* were her

cil

Jn order to

make

over

the kingdom to somo worthy 'person, she invited to counthe Taulris and tho Ekanggas from

among her

minis-

ters

and tho captains.

As the

line of

Avantivarmmawas

extinct, she selected Nirjjitavarmnia, son of

Sukhavarmma
hopo

hy GarggS, and grandson

that being
directions.

of Shuravarmmfc, in the

her relative,

ho would act according to.hor

But

f>he

was opposed by somo of her minisfor the

ters as her

nominee was unfit

habits.

kingdom on account
in

of his

bad

For ho used to squander money

nightly dissipation and to sleep durjng the day,

and was

moreover oxtrctnoly

idle.

In the moantimo the Tantri

infantry separated themselves from her party,

and mado

Pirtha, sou of NirjjUavarmma,

n,

boy of ten years, king,

and expelled the queen out of tho country.

ters

The

minis-

who were

insulted

by the treasurer Frobhakaradeva,

themselves avenged by

the queen's paramour, thought

the expulsion of the queen.
territory aud spoiled of

She was driven out of her

left

her possessions,

the

capital
relied,

seeping.

Those of her servants on -whom she

the enemy.
era, the

uow joined
Kishmirian

However

in the

year 89 of the

Ekangga

soldiers

combined together

and brought back Sugandha who- was then dwelling at Hushkapura. Hearing of her approach the Tautris who
* Kkiui !<,'->

nwl Taufriasre

e-viilently

two

sect's

of people

who

pUywl < iii-jiicumwpcirta, though thy [iuriuj.

for a short time, in Kiiahiutra at

KINGS

Off

RASlIJlfHA,

12 J

were in favor of Partha, went out at the and of Chaitra

to

fight with the ex-queen'u

men.

On

the 90th year tho

ex-queen's

army was

signally

defeated, aud

captured when

in the aot of fleeing.

she was Sho was afterwards

murdered in a deserted Buddhist Vih&ra.

the unsteady rise

Strange

is
x

and

fall

of fortune
life

Anarohy now prevailed, and

inseoure.

and property became

The king
;

taeiDg

a boy, his father " the idle"

was his guardian

he took

bribe,

and joined the ministers

aud oppressed the people.

out-bid
Tantris,
selvos.

Feudatory kings began to

one another in giving bribes, aud serving the

and to carry on sanguinary fouds among them-

The kings of KSshmira had formerly conquered

Konouje and other countries, but

the Tantris that they
of the minister

now hor

kings bribed

might be allowed
set

to live.

The sons
of

Meru who

up an image

Vishnu

named Shrfmeruvardhana, now engaged themselves in a

deep plot to usurp the kingdom.
pressing the people.

They

got wealth by op-

The

eldest of

them Shaugkaravar-

dhana entered into friendship with Sugandh&ditya and

secretly

robbed the palace.

it

Now
rically

so

happened that when the people were numeharvest

reduced, the Atiiumn

of Sbali

corn was

destroyed; so

that one khfti of grain sold for ouetbou-

saud dmnjras.
great scarcity,

Consequently iu the year 93, there was a

ami

many

died of the famine.

Hardly

could the. waters of Vitasta ho seen,

swollen corpses of

so thick did the

men

float

on

its

waters.

The bones

12G

kings of Kisnirfni.

of tho deceased lay thick

of the dead.

on every

side like ono vast field

At

this time, thp ministers

and the Tantrls

That minister

became rich by

selling rice at high prices.

was tho king's favourite,

and bribed the

felt

who at Tho Tantris.

this time sold the people

king's father " the idle"

himself aL ease though ho saw

mon

in trouble, even
seeing

like a

person sitting within a

outside battered

warm chamber, and

in a

persons
suhjr>cfs
'

by tho storm

wood.

Many

wero murdered by tho king.

Happily tho kings

of this timo reigned for short period's only; even as

bubbles in the ruin-water.

fioUiii!,'

Somotimes Prtha reigned

the' Tantris;

aiidu his f.ithor

fa Hi or

by tho help of
sot

and

gnmotimes his

him

aside

by the samo means.

their
idle,"

Tho wives
paramour.

of

"the idle" took Sugandh&ditya us Vappata, oue of the queens of " the

gave her lover Sugtndhftditya

much

wealth.

The

sons of

Meruvardhaua, had,

in the

hope of acquiring influence in

tha kingd'jur] married their beautiful sister iliigavati to

"tho
lover.

idle."

A.ud she ton accepted Sugaudh&ditya as her

This

mm used
97,

to vi^it his

paramours by turns;

and

as each wished to get

her son coronated, each gave

to him.

lata wealth,

ami yielded her person

in tho
set

In tho year
set

month

of Pousha, the Tantrfs

osMa PArthn and

(>

pr.^v-' t
y<}\r

the throne.

up his But in

father " the idle," their

tho

month of Magha

next

ho did iifur having coronated his infant son Chak-

ruvarmmi.

Tho Tantri

infantry, then in favor of Partha,

fought with tho likiuggas of the opposite sido for the

kings of KisnufnA.

127

kingdom. Queen Yftppata, mother of tho infant king, -was

his

guardian for a sho?t time^ but then her mother took

of the
child
for ten years.

care

During the infancy of

the king his bad character was not apparent.

In the year 9 (of the next century)

aside

the ministers set

Skura-,.

Chakravarmma",
of

and raised to tho throne

idle,"

varmma son
him.

"the

by queen Mrigavatf.

His

maternal unales, song of Meruvardhana, had no affection

for
tris,

They withheld

what was duo to the Tancause

of
his
deposition.

and hence" became tho

Though the king was a

favourite of tlTo Tautils, for

good man, yot ho was no

they received no money from

him.

After a year

ho was deposed, and the Tantri

infantry got

him king.
set

up a

much wealth from Partlm and again mado public women named Simbavati, who had goddess named Sambeshvarf, and who kuew the
A.

art of

arranging the Tantr! army, became the favourite

of Partha.

Chakravarrnma waited

his time, offered large

wealth

to the

Tantris, and in tho year 1 1 in the

again.

month

of Asliava

was made king

The

foolish Chakra-

varmma' reposed

dhana who were

pirators

much power on the sons of Meruvaiv known to be bad. They and the consmuch
land from the kings, they
in-

enjoyed the kingdom, setting aside Partha and

:

other kings

they took

dethroned the king's father

jured their relatives
mtttnal marriages,
the eldest of

aud brother, and oven

with whom they were related by The king mado Shangkarabordhana, them, Chief Justice, and made Shnmbhu-

128
bardhana,

KINGS OF KAsmifBA.

another of them, the hoftd

of the

office

of

Cfrihakritya.
lie failed

In the mouth qf Pouslia of the aame

year,

to

pay the Tautris

their

due

for

want

of money,

ftnd fled in feav.

Tho king having

bhubardhana

fled

to

lladava, Sbangkarabardhana

Avith the intention of becoming king, sent his brother Shamto the Tuutris

as messenger.

But the

latter

having promised large wealth to tho Tantrfa, came to an

agreement with thorn, and caused himself to be made

king, thus out-witting his elder brother.'
'

Tho

large fish
fish,

cats the smaller fry, tho heron oats the largo

and

the fowler kills the heron.

Chakravarmms, spoilod of
into

his glory, entered

one night
tribe,

the house

of

headman

of

(lie

Ditnara
IIo

named Sangvimn,
gave him bis own
driven from
<iiis

living

at Slnidhakka.

knew

Lib

guest to be the king, and

seat.

made his homage to him, and The king, now humbled, and
aid.

kingdom, asked him for

"

Who

counts the Tantris or grass in battle" said Bangrama

" and what ava we not capable of doing in your aervice ?

But

if ire

help you now,

yon

will

kill

us afterwards,

for kings
after the

do not remember the services done to them

work

i-j

done.

As the woodnuu, when he

des-

cends from a tun, cuts down the branches -which helped

him
wul

to

iu-cciid,

tveu so are kings.

In.lp.d

He, whoso intellect

riso, is

I'ttiunce

the

king to

feared by
1);-Ing

him on
abjut

lUMuiiut
fail,

of those

very virtues le&t they

hU

lu the days of prosperity, the kipg

K1HGS OF KiSDMiKA.
forgets the past services of those

129
aided
if

who

him in

hia

danger,

aud remembers their faults

Kiugs when powerful,

they chance to
thioiigh

commit any.

kill

shame
hun-

thoso very followers

ger, pain,

who had seen them

ifec.

in disease,

and

in fear of enemieB

Though the king

others.

be a good one, yet nothing

for evil

can bo expected from him,*

councillors

speak evil of
evil

The

king's

mind may be averted from

but none can avert his
queen, his instructor

during the day time,

teachings of his
infused with
dif-

mind from tho

night.

by

What
one

is

ficulty during the day, the king like a -white ass forgets

during the
king,

night.

Every

who

approaches

the

becomes tho object of his avarice, and afterwards

hu

victim.

The king destroys

those near him, not those

evil

who arc

afar.

No

one can know beforehand the

propensity
stoops

of

kings
kills,

who wait
set

their

time.

Tho

lion

when he

the

pent embraces when

it bites,

and the devil smiles when he destroys. ''Even so the

king praises

afterwards, I shall

when he murders. If you do not oppress us march with my army along with you
morning."

even tomorrow
replied
:

The king

felt

abashed, and

"

You who

are doing

me

this

service will

be

kept as safe from harua as

my

soul."

Then they both

sheep,
other.

put their legs on the bloody skin of a

swords in
their

and with

hands embraced each

On

the

morning ChakravarmniS followed by innumerable Dma-

rasj-^nwehed towards the

fantry

capital.

The

Tantrf

in-

placed

Shungkarabardhaua at their head,

and

130

kings op KisroifRA.
tlio

wont out on
the enemy.
tatiously
tlio

8th bright lunar day of Clioitra to meet

Chakravarmma nsado rapid marches uuostcn;

in
disguise.

aud
of

slurp fi^ht

ensued outside

town
killed

Padmapura in which Shangkarabardhana

wui

by Chakravarmma who rode a horse.

Tuutii army flud
in

On

his

.death, the

every direction.

But
IT

(.'hakravarmmi overtook them in their flight and beheaded

them with
lost five
"

his
nix
t

sword.

In

thia

battle

the

Tantris
Clink-

f.r

liousand men,

who woro
the

killed

by

ravariunig.,

and remained under

shadow of

vultures'

winus.
foil

U'Iki did imt

t

admire the Tautiw wlio rose and

tuo

tn^i'thcr

Tin-re

pcrvdiou
ftillowors.

Shankarnbnvdhana
Thoso Tuntrfo who

with his

witnc-H

lovl bis

perished there

had once ruled the

proud aud unapwill,

proachable kinyp of a great family at their

suake-playera do tho snakes.

as

tho

They

of

whom
;

Icings

had

begged for their very

cruel t.'vil->Ww

life

were thus humbled

aud these

who
grief,

h:td

once insulted Chakravnrmnii,

and put him to

felt

were

now

destroyed

by -his

deep-

enmity.
the second

On

day Shambhubardhtina collected the

;

broken army of the Tantrfo

but in the meantime Cha-

kravarnmii entered the capital followed by his captaius

the ministers aud the Ekingijas and soldiers covering

the

na Is

fn.m

all sides

and coming from several

direc-

tions wirU I'nid din.

Chakravavmmi rode amidst his

cavalfs-'hia

ry, holding M. reins uf

LU

horse

aud

his

turban

hit hand, and

in his right

the sword, which reflected tho

KINGS OP KABHMfltA.
sun's rays

131

on bis car-pendent.

His iron mail pressing

on his throat

made

his face i'ed

and

terrible.

He

cbeoked

the greedy Roldiers

cified

who

wore plundering the shops,

and pa-

the frightened inhabitants of the place.

kettle

The sound

of the

drum, and the cry of blessings of the people

deafened the ear.

-was

When
show

the king, flushed with success/"

seated on his throne,

Bhubhata brought Shambhubarhis zeal for the king, killed

dhana bound, and to

in

him

the royal presence.

Shambhubardhana had

rebelled

against kings who,

were like fathers to the people, and

thereby

had destroyed them.

and had protected

virtue.

He was the men who had violated

king's

onemy

the laws of

Now Chakravarmm having

troyed all his enemies,
flattery

got the kingdom and descruel.

became vain and

He lovod
flattery,

and those who flattered him. Soothed by

and considering himself a god, he did

many

foolish acts.

At

this

time a foreigner
anil

namod Rangga whb was

cams
to his court.

a good

singer,

of

Domva

caste,

He was

made
ters

to wait outside, while the

guards seated the minis-

and petty chiefs according to their ranks, a space

being left in the front of the kiug. ed -with white turbans, the cool

The court was crowdladies of the zenana

and illumined with lamps, and

blew.

night breeze

The

wishing to hear the song, peeped through windows," their

lips

smelling of Asava wine.

traiEHhen entered the court.

The Domva followed by his He had two beautiful

daughters Haiigsi and Nigalata, on

whom

all

gazed with

132
eagerness,
sides

KINGS OP KASHMfRA.

and they
if

tor>

cast their glancos of lovo on all

as

for

the second time thoy scattered flowers in

the song of the singers

the court.

The court rang with

siuging the pruiso of the king and

"Long

live the king,"

"Victory to the king," &c.

"flute

The two

girls

tuned the

to the tuno of Tangchania, and sang without

moving
one

the head or the

eye

and

it

appeared as

if

only

person was sinking.

The king gazed on them without

moving and
iutorch'iugcd

steadfastly.

The

girls

marked the

king's

emotion, aud wing more charmingly.

thoir

They aud

the king

thoughts by their glances.

tho court ion marked the king's feelings

One of and thus euking, is

lips of

oouruged hi i passion.
pertatuei
theso two

"

As the Muireya wiuo,

is

by camphor, so
girls.

tho song,

by tho

Tho moon
gods.

kisses their

white teeth as

they sing; they by their motious, songs and glances

charm even the

are speaking
1

One
is

of them,

knowing that we
;

of them,

smiling aud looking at us

face,

the

Other

ib singing-

with down-cast

her ear-rings waving,

while she makes voluptuous gestures.

Happy

is

the

youth

fur

whobu absence such women sing in

loneliness.

How can,
is

according to the dictates of Shistras aloue, every

It

thing be accepted, and ona thhig^only be discarded*

no sin to sec beauty, to hear song, but

how can

it

be

sin to touch her."

The passion of the naturally

restless

king, thus encouraged by the words of the courtier, be-

came
even

violent.
a->

Courtiers often lead kings

to svii-path,

lioua are misled

by

clouds.

If sophist oourticn

KINGS OF KiBUMfRA.
oould not bogailo
hell.

133

but

who would have wandered ia as- liberal as lUrtheya (Kama) on unworthy objects, pleased the Domvas with tho
fools,

Tho king who was

presents of H*ra,

went to the inner apartments.

their

Kcyura and Kimdala (ornaments) and Fie to them who spend wealth on simple songs mistaking them for poetry. 1
of tho rainbow,

The beauty of harlots,

dinary song abidcth.
satisfied

not long.

and of ln> orThe king oould not rost

I

without those two

girls.

They

too, while

they
felt

wore singing,

embraced the

king,

at which he
his passion
if

ashamed.
the king's
his

The perspiration oaused by

body
cool,

mado

and

it

soemed as

the warmth of

good fortune left him.

Hnusf was
the

made

his principal queen.

Those who ate

courtiora.
to

remnants after her meal became good

The ministers
the posts of the

who served the Domva wore promoted judges in the courts of justice &c. Some
their

of

Domvas, on acoouut of
kingdom.

ignorance weio not

created ministers
the

; others who knew of politics managed The newly created ministers were thieves.

The queen and the favourites were of low

ally

caste

(liter-

those who cooked dog's

in the

flesh

Every thing was

after the

uuus'ial

kingdom.

Tho queen

menses
these
to

gave gifts of her clothes

the ministers entered
clothes

stained with her blood, and

the court

covered

with

and

felt

themselves proud.

Some determined

uppostT'ths king,
thes

aud did not take the food tasted by

low caste people, aud they were considered as of

134

KINGS OF KiSHMfBA.

high caste like those w ho driuktbo

Soma juioe.
for

Surely

no powerful gods existed in \he country,

then low

caste people could not have entered the temples.

On

the

TiladvSdashi day the principal queen visited Eanasvatni

followed
'

by

tlio

proud people of hor

because

caste.

Tho

orders

of theso

peojiloj

of their connection with the

king,

were obeyed as king's.

The king bestowed tho

village of

Helu

to

llungga, but tho Patta (olork) did not

write out tho

find

aift.

liangga entered tho court of justice,

clerk,

anguly

aslcod tho

calling

ljim tho

sou of a
Terri-

foraalo servant,
fied ut
i>it

why

ho did not writo out the

cloi'k

gift.

tiio

nn^or of Itangga, tho

wroto out tho

is

at hist.

What

law

is

not upset when the king

expiation

bad?

The king asked what

connection with the low

would

palliato

hW

cas>te

women, and his gay com-

panions

courtiers advised

made him perform some ludicrous acts. His him that cold is destroyed by cold,
crimes.

and crimes by

In order

to palliate his connec-

tion with low caste

women, he corrupted the wife of a

Brihmaua who had been fasting for a month for some religious purpose. Some Bi&hmanas were still more vicious
than the king; they ate in the king's house, and received
gifts of villages

from him.

The! king erected

(liei!

Chakramatha
finished,

for the Saivas, but he

it

when it was half

and his queen completed

after his death which

happened ia the following manner.

The ungrateful king who loved the low castoVifomen, forgot pa>t benefits and privately killed many hruoeent

KINGS 0 X&SQMflU.
and faithful D&maras.
therefore

137

So mo of the Daraava thieves

an*

wcro sookiug

opportunity and preteuoo to

Rssosiuate
in

him.

One

uighfc tliey

found the king unarmed

the privy

near the

room

of his principal queen.

Hav-

ing

got this opportunity

they quickly hurled on him

all sides,

numerous sharp weapons from

but,

lie

was dosiug*

was quite awakened by the fall of the weapons, like

into
it,

man sleeping by a lake and suddenly thrown

and he began to bawl aloud.

but iu tho meanfcimo he

He searched
out.

for his

weapon

was severely
his

He

fled to his

bed-room,
braced

followed by

pursuers.

him woepiug, but his

Instigated

Tho quoen emenomios killed him iu her

embrace.

by

the other queeus, tho murderers

smashed tho knees of the dying king with a stone.

8th day of the bright

On

the

moou

in tho

mouth

of Jaishta of
villains.

the year 13, the king

was

killed liko a

dog by

Sharvata and other ministers then raised Unmnttavanti

son of the

wicked Partha

to

tho throne.

This king

was worse' than hie predocossor.

fear of

Saras vfiti stops hero in

contamination by narrating the sinful acta of this

king,

but I shall lead hev as one leads a frightened mare.

line.

This monster was the destroyer of his father's

He
his

mall to strike his laiUristers

on their heads, and those

who eould produce sounds by their noses became

chief ministers!.

him by
khigV

flattery

The shameless ministers nsed to 'please &c., and those ministers in time became
in

-Parvvagupta became tho king's greatest favouiito

tho court. Since the revolution

by dancing naked

jgg

KINGfl

Or KASUAlfEA.
as Parvvagnpta
tlio

caused by the Tantris, king?,

perceived,

had heroine powerless, and he aspired to

IIo contracted friendship

sovoreignty.-

with minister Bhubhata, ami

Sharvata,

tho four principal ministers

Chhoja,

Kiimmla

and Amritakara who were robbing tho treasury with the

intention of becoming kings.
Tlio

king made Iiakka

of

celebrated valor hid chief minister.

The king had

w.it-

no-^od in a battle
field inn

tlio

singular prowess of this

man, then

on

f"'H.

Iiakka saw tho goddess Shri in tho tank

Iioitiu

ncir tho window of tho

of Saugrauia, the Darnara

chiof; smd ho raised an itna^o of the samo .shapo as ho

kid

ecu,

mid named
liy

it

llakknjiya.

<>uidcd

tho advice of Parvvayupta

who wiahod
ircurp

to
it,

clear tlio country of all enemies,

and then to

tho king begau to destroy his kindred.

his father Partha -who

He

plundered

was supported with his family by

Jayendravihara where ho
doors
of tho

the gifts of the beggars of

resided.

Tho king

closed

up the
death.

room

where SUan^karavarmma and

his infant

brothers wore,

and thus starved them

to

Ho

then intended to

murder

Id* fattier
v.

and gave

gifts of clothes &o. to

some

of

his ministers

ho favored his view, the rest he confined

with chains.
1

One night according- to the

king's orders,

Pitth: . vms surrounded by ministers, c.iptaius, Tautris and

KAy.i>iflis,.

They shut the door and murdered

Tho
Liu.;

hia wife,

and

fci-o

nuivd-rud huv infants weeping and embracing

uiiniitec

tlutir hiuthoi:.

Kumuda and

other' favou-

rites of tlw

dragged Partha by the hair, naked

KiNaa op rcismifnA.
over the gravel

137

which cut Ins body, and murdered him unarmod and naked, leau for want of food, and The king hoard the news of his father's death, crying. and on the morning want to the spot out of curiosity accompanied by his ministers, and was glad to see the
helploss,

occurrence of tho previous night.

The

courtiers prided

themselves

and pointed out the wounds -which eaoh of

With, the king's permission,

them had

inflicted.

Parvva-

guptft told his

father's

son Devagupta to painl the king with his

blood whereupon the young

man

sent a knife into

tho dead

man's limbs and the blood spouted out and smeared

tho person of the king.'*

This mado the king laugh long.

After the

murder of

plundered

the country.

Ohakravarmma the D&maras The king again raised the

country, to high

wicked Kiyastkas,
posts.

who oppressed the

evil ministers,

Advised by

he learnt the use of

arms by striking off the breasts of prostitutes.

open the

Ha

ripped

wombs

of pregnant

women

to sie the foetus,

and he hacked the limbs of blacksmiths, in order to try

their strength.
villages,

Bi'iihmanas

accepted from him

gifts
life.

of

either through avarioe or through fear of

befitting his cruelty

The king was attacked with consumption, a disease ; and he suffered great pain ns long
he lived.

as

Not only wore

his subjects glad of his

death,

but so also were his fourteen queens.

The Jung

died during

summer

of the year 15.

A "fondling was then

folsejy

seated on the throne, and ho was

declared by the female servants of the zenana to

138
1)0

KING3

01?

KiSmifRA.

tho son of tho king,

aud was named ShuravarinmS.

This infant was placed iu chargo of tho ministers, tho

Tantrirf,

tho Ekiuggas aud tho captaius. Kamalabardhaua

lord of

Kampaua, who was theu residing

late kiuy.

at

Madava, and

who

alone was capable of subduing tho Damaras, was the

enemy of the
lhirdliiina

On

the

7th bright

lunar day

of A'shada, the king set out to visit Jayasvstof.

iufuiinuil

Kamalatook this

of tho
llio

fact

by his

spies,

opportunity to approach

capital

with his captains;

and boiieyed
way, but were

it

with the
iu

Ekjinggas and Tautriu.

His

army had been wearied

still

subduing tho Damaras, in tho

able to

overcome tho cuoniy horo. They

deputed one thousand horse of the enemy with a smallor

number of
Jkaring
king
;

tlicir cavalry,

and entered the city unopposed.

with him.
life,

of this defeat

tho soldiers deserted the infant

fled

and his mother

The
or

victorious

prince eithur through sius of past

evil

through the

council

of the bad
retired to hbj

ministers,

did not ascend the

wishing"to be
coro-

throne.

He

own house

nated soma other day.

I'rahmaua.*,
<

Afterwards he collected the

to select

and asked them

some countryman
expecting

i theirs,

young aud worthy

to be their king,

fuolishly that they

pitic-J tluiu

would select him.

Who

i3

more "to be

he who Cuds some rare and beautiful

woman

aloft?

and without enjoying her then, sends a fomale

r for

l.ifi'-.Liiiii

bur

t.n

a subsequent

day

or
it

ho who leaving
sulJfiSqueut

fctuitkuly >t

w -alth,

wishes to acquire

on a

day by

fair im-ius.

The Dnihiaauas covered

-with ihick

KINDS OF
blankets,

KASIIllfllA.

130

looking

like

hornless

bulla,

and with their

beards burnt

with smokes, met at Gokula.

And now
dis-

that the line of Utpaln,

cuss as to

was

extinct,
select.

they began to

whom

they would

But on account of
(

difference of opinion

they could not bathe

coronate) any
(

one, except their mutual beards with spitting

of

the effect"

hot discussion.)

Kamalabavdhana appeared before

his claims but

them iu order to remind the Brahmanas of

thoy pelted at him.

During tho

five

or six days that

courtiers to

they passed iu discussion, there

tho

oamo many

Brahmanas with many followers and loud music and

with banners and umbrellas in their carriages.

Kamala-

hardhaua

now

repented.

The widow
infant son

of tho late king

who had murdered

his father,

sent officers to the BrsJimauas to urge the claims of her

(who had lately been dethroned by Kamala-

bardhana,)
a son

whom

Bhe had been concealing. Vinvlcva had

in the
village

named K&madeva

Piakachaktipurn.

This

Kamadeva bore a good

character,

and used

to teach

boys in the house of Meruvardhana.

the treasurer,

Iu time he beoame
Prabhjkara who

and his son Prabh&kara soon became the

treasurer

of king

Shaugkaravarmmi.

woa the paramour of .queen Sugandha died iu tho sabsequeut revolution.

poor,

His son Yashaskara became very

and went out of the country with his friend-Phalgunaka; but dreaming a good dream he returned to
c^uutry hopeful.

his*

The messenger* who were ^ sent

selected him, and sent

by.

the widow of the parricide,

140

KISGS OP KASHJlfRA.

him, bccauso of his eloquence, to the Brahmauag.

But
all

no sooner had the Brahraanas'soeu him, than thoy

of a sudden cried

out

loudly " let

this

be kiug," and

thoy

soon,

bathed him king.

forest is

Providence ordains, that

when
'roots

the

bamboo

burnt up by forest flame, the

aro saved

by a shower.

When

a tree

is

blown

down by

the wind,

the roots are preserved

If the

beiDg em"his

bedded in rooks.

son of P&rtha guided by

servants had not destroyed his

own

line,

if

Kamala-

vardimna had not upset the grandson of Pirtha, how

could Yosha&kara, the beggar wandering about tho country,

become king?

Tho pooplo crowded in tho

streets

to sco

him

king,

alone liko a
palace,

whom thoy had once soen goiug on foot common man. On his way towards the
und ho entered the palace
sur-

he heard the blessings of gazelle-eyed women

;

without feeling pride

rounded by sun-like white umbrellas, and things made

of hilver looting like
bl3s>ingi of

moon and

stars,

and

lieariug the

women

with which the palace

to reign.

was resound-

ing.

Thus he commenced
fifth

Here euds tho

book of Eijataranggini by Kahlana,

son of Chainpaka Pravu, the great minister of KSshmira,

There were eight kings of the

foundling,

line of

Kalpapila beside

some female*, and

ministers,

who

reigned,

al-

together extending over a period of eighty-three years

and four mouths.

141

BOOK

VI.

[Invocation.]
Tun
his

first

act of this

new king Yasbaskara was

to order

door-keepors to

send away the Brahmauas who had

selected

him king, as he did not

any

one.

like to he disobeyed by To the Br&hmanas themselves, who were

said,
claspiiig

frightened

by the door-keepers, the king

together

his hand,?,

"you have bestowed

as

the kingdom on
;

mo and you should, bo respected

of

gods

romain proud

your aotion in having bestowed a kingdom, but

come
king

not to

me

unless on business."

This
to

act

of the

made the Brahmanas think

and they forgot
dwelt with them.

him

be unapproachable

tho familiarity which existed

whon

lie

King Tashaskara onforcod the old laws and practices

long out

of uso

in

the

kiugdoni

and the country

be-

came devoid of thiores, so that the

of

doors of the houses

merchants were kept open duriug tho night, and tra-

vellers

were undisturbed in the

streets.

Under tho
to

king's

supervision the servants of

largely, lost their

the State who used to

steal so

posts

and had merely

to court

superintend

agrioidture.

The

agricultural people

hud

never ocoasion

daring this reigu to

ing the

come

nor Br&hmanas read-

Vodas, to take up arms.

the S.ima

Veda did not drink

wine, nor did they,

BrShmanas who chanted who per-

formed tapa have wife or child, or keep animals or corn.

The astronomer, tho physician, the courtier, the priest,

l-J-2

KINGS OP KiSIIMfRA.
spiritual

tho minister, the

guide,

the

ambassador, tho
in this reign..
rites of

judgo and Lho writer wore all'lcarned

men

One day a Brahmana who used

to

porform the

Priyopavoshana came to the king and said

that ho was
before,

an inhabitant

of Ka-shmir.i, that ho

had been rich

to

'but through misfortune had been rcducod

His debts had iucroaiod and ho
creditors, so that ho

poverty.
his

was harrasscd by
to

had sold his house

a rich morevery
thing

dant and

paid up Ids debts by selling

and had gone nut

considering, said

to travel iu different countries.

Cat

ho " that

my

wife should bo supported,

(

I votaiued possession of a woll with a staircaso

part of

the house) that she

to those

who

in

may Hvo by lotting tho place on hire summer may lilto to keep hotels and
differ-

flowers there.

After wandering for twenty years in

littlo

ent places, and having aequiied some

again

wealth I have

returnod to

my

country.

found

my
h'or

wifo de-

prived of her beauty, and getting her livelihood

inir as

by

sorv-

a female servant to some one. I askod

service, sinco I

why

sho

had undertaken
livelihood.

had

left

her the means of

Hha

replied,

that

when

was gone tho mer-

chant had driven her out

beating her with a
me,'
aujjSr
stick.
I

of the

well
1 her

aud

staircase
ii
left

by
to

'What

moans

she

,s

ud an

stopped,

and I was sunk in

grief

and

on

he-irui!*

tho account,

But tho judges

I

are in

ovry stop

deciilintr iu
I

favor of tho defendant.

do not

tmdtn'sttind ju^tics

have not sold that place* Anil

it

am

dotmaimd

to have

or die.

I who, tun a poor jnan,

KINGS OF KlSHMIRA.
shall die at
ly.

143
sin,

your door

and

if

you fear

judge right-

The king then sat on his seat of

the judges
said that
case,

justice,

and called

in all

and began to investigate the mattor.

they had several times adjudged
lost his
suit,

The jurlgos
the

Biahmana's

but that he had

that

he ought to bo punished, aud that he did not admit the

justice of

the decision because of his

sale-deod,

cunningness.
-well

The
with

king saw the

the
staircase

and found that the

had been sold along wi th the house.

But
right.

the king

thought that the plaintiff was in the

to

After

thinking for a momout, ho began

amuse the

courtiers

with his

conversation

and in the midst of

the talk,

he from time to time took jewels from several

if

persons as

to

examine them ; and in the same way

it.

he took a ring from the defondaut to look at

Asking
of wash-

them

all

to wait for a

momeut, he on preteuce

ing his feet,

of his

withdrew from the room, and sent one

with the ring and proper instructions to

servants

the house' of that very

merchant.

The

king's servant

went to the account-keeper of the trader and asked him

for

the

accounts from the year in which the sale of the

house

was

effected.

The account-keeper thought that

for the accounts,
ring.

themerohaut might have some necessity

gave

them over

to him, taking from

him the

Among
of a

the items of expenditure, the king

saw that a

stipa

thousand dmnras had been paid to the court writer, and

knowuig that the fee of writing document was small,

wondered as to uby the merchant should have paid so

Mi
largo a Mini.
luil

KINGS OV KASnilfRA.

Ho

at last

came
fr

to the conclusion that

t;

there boon changed

to

Tno king showed

the
Lira

the ac-

counts to the courtiera, and caused bo brought

;

court writer to
of his safety, he

ami having assured

to

proved the fraud

,

the

court.

The

courtiers
plaintiff,

admired

tho king,

aud the king gave to the

the house
his

and wealth of tho merchant

country.

whom

he exiled out of

Once upon a time when he had said

and
wii-9

his evening prayer,

re-

going to take his meal, a door-keeper, afraid to

s.iid

port thus untimely

ft

that a

Brihmnua had now brought

complaint
time

that ho had
over,

told "the

Biahmana

that tho

court

wail

and ho should lay

the

his complaint

the next
kill

d.iy,

but

that

Crihruana throatoucd to

himself unless he was granted an audience that day.

his meal,

Without taking
brought
in.

the king ordered

him

to

bo

Tho poor 1'rjLluiuin when questioned, said

aud acquiring
was then
he

that after travelling in various oountries,

ona hundred gold Eupikas he had returned to Kashmtra

his

native

laud,

as he
to
in

had heard that

the

it

well
said

goveiued.

"(hung
no thief

your administration"

" there

is

way

and

last night being

weary of travel I stupped at Lavanotsa

*

and

slept

be-

In the

>

llc.-d'W of tin; liiiiud

!c. the

it

originally stood thus

" <ljt'lT,I"
p<nur-

SjVKf?*! "

huu-

M.'.vs

-old "wit'jnut the staircase and the

wlII." t) f chui^in;;
riiau^o it
tj

X into H

uhidi

nut at
ie,

all

difficult

i'nt

'*

'fpTPTfWfftt "

" together witl> Hwttiii-

u jui ai(d the well."

KINGS OP KASIIMfRA.

145

ueath a road-side tree in a garden apprehending nothing.

When
little

I rose in

the morning,

my

bundle containing
I

my
he-

property
Bereft

fell

into a well

which

had not seen

fore.

of wealth

and sunk

in grief I

was throw-

ing

myself into the

wall,

but the people prevented me.

One brave and determined

could offer

man

asked

me

as

to

what

him

if

he could get out

the money.

'That

money
out of
up,

is
it,'

yours, and whatover you wish,

I said in despair.

you oan give me

it

He

descended and brought

and gave

me

two pieces, and took ninety-eight himself.

The case now depended on the verbal contract uiado and

the people

blamod me for making the contract

your door."

the laws

being strict on the point.

shall die at

Your laws arc bad and

so

The king enquired

as

to

the

make and the name of the man, but he replied that be

could

only

describe bis face.

The king then

said that

he would do what the Brihunuia desired, the next morning,

'

and dined with him that evening.

When

the merof

chants of Lavanotsa sent for by the king arrived, one

them was pointed out by the complainant as the offending

person.

When

questioned, that

man

corroborated

what

the
ing

kw

Br&hmaua had and the agreement made.

the result of the case.

said before, hut pointed to the exist-

The Bra urn una had

sat
on, the

engaged himself by his promise, and the people waited

to see

The king then

seat of justice

and ordered ninety-eight piects

to he

giveu
ex-

to tfieljEihnmnii

and two to the other person.

He
M

plained that instead of saying, " give

what you

will,"

the

146

KINGS OP KiSHMfRA.
wish,

Brihmana said " whatever you

you may

give,"

Now

this avaricious person tvished^ior

ninety-eight pieces bu,t

gave the Brihmana only two pieces, which he did not

wish for.

Thus the king adjudged

in this

cases.

Though
became an
like

manner he taught

justice to others, ho

object of ridicule on account of his conduct,

physician

who
those

prescribes good diet to others, but

himself takes bad food.

Though the king was

pure,

yet

he did not desert

who during

tho hist reign

r

had

taken of food polluted

by Domba. He exacted money through four policemen who again helped one another. This truthful king killed some foot soldiers though they
Ijiid

down
wise

their

arms before the shrine of Shriraueshvara.

He

was so glad on the death of his older brother that

many

caused his

men who were near him thought that ho had He made a courtpbrother's death by magic.
supreme over
all

aan Lalli,

his

chaste wives and sub-

jected himself to her control.

Goodness finds no enIt

trance into the heart of women.

seems as

if for

that

reasou Vidhiti has made their breasts finely round out

side.

Knowing

that they

feel

equal

affection towards

the good and the bad, Yidhiti has

beautiful.

made them

externally

This Lalli though favored by

the king, csed

t" receive even one chandila constable to her embrace.

Yet there must have been some quality

in that constable

that she being a queen should condescend so far in his

favor.

Possibly she might have been born a chancjila, or

possibly

he was a lucky man.

No

one knew how they

'

KINGS OF KiSHMfRA..
in love.

147

first

fell

One

offioor

named Hidi only knew of

his

their love,
it

having seen them booking on each other with

peculiar glance.

The king at last found out through

their love

spies that

the

rumour of

was founded ou truth

(

and in penitence, he wore and did

cioiiB,

skin of a deer

Krishuasara)
suspi,

penance.

Those near him entertained

the
exoess
of his

because through her in anger.

affection

he

did not kill

The king beoame contaminated

with sin

by being

near to those servants who

out of the Domba's
ic

had

eateu (in the previous reigu)

plates.

The king thought that

committed
the
iti

was owing to some virtue

birth

"'his

previous

that

ho had obtained
in the

kingdom in the proseut, although not born

royal family.

Ambitious of obtain iug kingdoms fa his

he

future

lives,

bestowed

his

wealth on

Br&hmanas.

lie raised
for

a school in the place of his ancestral worship,

the

education of the children of Aryya countries,

and he gave cMmara,

Principal of that school.

umbrella and treasures

to the

Ou

the

banks of the Vitasti

he bestowed fifty-five -villages to the Br&hmauas.

At last the king was attacked with a bowel complaint. He discarded his son Sanggr&madeva as not being born
of him,

and crowned Varuata son of U&madeva, and

and placed him under the oare
,

graudson of his uncle,

of the ministers,

Ekauggaa, and petty kings.

Those who aspired to usurp the kingdom on the accession' of

tho infant Sanggrimadeva to the throne wera

disappointed.

The new king

was,

however,

endangered

14S
ly

KINOS OF KiSHMfllA.
the

wiles

of

Parvvngupta.

capital
lif.ilfli

ho
of

diil

not oven hind

Though living in men to enquire sifter

Whereupon
and
tried

the
the

the

dying

king.

Yst&haskara

became angry, and repented

his
.

his choice

through

lainitLurs

who were

tlioro

consoling him, to

Siuiipjramtuli'Vii to the throne.

Witt,

On

the

set up morning Varnata

by order uf

(lie
li.nl

d3*ing king, taken out

bound from

his

room where ho
Tlio

been during the night with bars

pillars.

fastened.

I'miiii

hml eight

When

the disease

of the kinu heciine .icnic,

(in
lii'

he nominated
his capita!

Maiiggr&madt>vfi

Ins

h'-ir,

iiml

l.-.i

vititjf

went, to the temple

had Un il L.

In hit List moment's,

and

when ho knew

his

end was appro tubing, his servants deserted him, and

left,

ho was
cloth,

bereft of his

ornwn nud arms,

olad

in

red

and with

his hair

and beard growing.

lie

When oa

the approach of de ith

6ut out of his capital to die,

live

he took with him two thousand and

of gold; P.u*;vagupu

hundred pieces
persona

and other
divided

four
it

rubbed

bun of
of the

tins

iiioimy
tit' 1

and

among

themselves,

even Imfure

King .n dVad.
r>illiii^

Oppressed by the pangs

in

dr-f.i-i-'.

alumt
still

his

bed within a dark

his

snviti im

<m

'if

the temple,

retaining

sense,

and

aeuin/

lu<

nwu men turn

diyi mora.
u-iiirp

against him, the king lived, for

tW" or

ftiii*e

Hut

hw

servants and friends

hitf'ntliiijt

to

the kingdom, hurried

him out

of the

flunld

lv

iion.

Of
aitli

-dl

hit

wives,

the

chaste Trai-

l"kyadi>v

ili'-d
is,

him.

Another verhion of "the

king's death

that

when superintending the conduct

KINGS OP KiBHMfRA.
of the

149
his

Br&hmanas and mendicants of

engaged

kingdom, ho

fqpnd one Bv&hmana named Chakrabhinu at Chakramelaka,

in

some

vile

aot.

The king was roused

foot of a dog.

with virtuous indignation, forehead to be

and caused the Brahmana's

This

marked with the

Brahmana's maternal uncle Viranitha was

minister for war and peace
king.
j

the king's
killed the

and he somehow
it

This version cannot be trusted, as

appears to

have been got up by the Brahinauas in order to prove the

strength of their power by examples from past history. For

they

say

that

the king died seven

days

after
fact

the

marking of the Brahmohas forohoad, while as a

suffered

ho

a long time from disease.

Or,

if

you maintain
well

that he died of

some othev

disease,

then

it

may be as

believed that he died through the cui-ae of Varuata

others.

and

After reigning for

nine years,

the king died in the

in*

twenty-fourth year of the Kishmh'iau era

of

the

month

Bhidra, on the third dark lunar day.

Parvvagupta, Bhubhata aud four otherB, now set up

the infant Sauggr&ma, the crooked

feeted as king, and

making

his father's

mother guardian of the infant king,

kingdom.

exercised great influence in the

of time

But in course
to exer-

Parvvagupta murdered the king's grand-mother

as well as his five colleagues,

cise
ter.

and gradually came

the supreme powers both of the king aud of the miuis'

lie,

served the infant king with attention, and refood, &c., so that simple

galed

him with good

minded inen

150
ditl

KINGS OP KiSHlrffU.
uot believe him to ba an

enemy

of the

king.

Those
r

whom
present

king Yaslmsknra bad kept at distance for fear of

rebellion,

were now employed for the destruction of the

sovereign.

Parvvagupta dyed his black beard

with saftrou us kings used to do.

the priuce
publicly,

He

feared

to destroy

on account of the Ek&tiggas, and

therefore employed magic.

voice
will

One night he heard a Diviue

kingdom
but
if

saying
to

"On

the first day of Chnitrn, the

come
life

you

lawfully,
line

you attempt
au
r

otherwise,

your
wiiH

ami your
his

will

soon be at

end."

If e

afraid

magic

would be
in

fruitless.

He
were

feared

the

likiuggas,

and

lived

grtiat

liew ildorineut

and
well

cxcilomcut day aud night,

nigh
lost.

and his senses

One day when the paths were uiifrequoutud

fall of

by men on account of a heavy

snow, he collected au
killed

army and besieged the capital.

nister

He

the loyal mihis sou

Rimavardhanu who was obstructing

ancestral

Buddha.

Tho
by

Belivitta

then
the

pulled
throne,

Parvvagupta

gsirlauda

of flowers

from

ami threw
was

him

ou

the

ground.

Vakranggdhrisangrima*

theu murdered by Parvvagupta iu another house, aud his

body, with a stone tied rotmd the neck, was thrown during night into the Vitasti.

On
tho

the

twenty-fourth year of the

KSshimrmn

era, in

month

of Kilguua, on tho tenth dark lunar

day Parvthe son

vagupta seated himself ou the throne.

*

He was

The

cruukfil

fcetd

but

Vakr.-iiiggdLriaatiiiniina

accui'Jiug t*

tht Frtocb edition meaas Saugrauia ui the crooked liuib.

KINGS OB KASHJjflU.
of

151

Saugrimagupta, son of Abhinava,

sido"*

the Divira,

who

in-

habited the other

-were

of the,

hill

of Vishoka,

Those who
the Ek-

determined not to see him king, oamo in the mornto

ing

and bowed

him.

While the minor

chiefs,

&nggas, tho

min is t era, the K&yasthas, and the

and gave up
all idea of

Tiuitria

were

afraid of him,

further resistance.

big

drum which was

of

iu the

care of Madaniditja, the

Ekiugga
and

the

descendants of

Suyya,

was

broken

through carelessness.
insulted
Ilia

On
by

this the

king became angry

him.

Him
1

disrobing

Madauiditya
a hormit.

shaved

hair'

and beard,

and

became

Even

to

thib

day hs descendants are dwelling at Tri-

puroshvara.
the servants

The king was avaricious and encouraged who harassed the people.

Aud

with this

ill-

gotten wealth he set up a god

named

Pttrvvugupteshvara

near the temple of Skanda.

There was a noble minded and

females of the king Yashaskara.

wi.se

lady

among the
"If

This chaste lady evaded

the embraces of Parv vagupta on various pretexts.

you complete"

said

she to Parvvagupta " tho temple of

Yashaskarasvimi,

only half done

by

my

late

husband,

I shall comply with your

pride,

request."

Puffed up with

the

king completed the temple within a few days.

iu the fire lighted for

But the queeu perished

cration of the faue
;

the conse-

and when she

died, flowers

were

showered on her from the heaven aud whoever looked

ou Her, with lustful
in disappointment,
eye.s

was struck dumb. The king pined

disease, ia

and was attacked with a

152

KINGS OP KisnufBA.

N
which he continually
felt thirsty.

Avarioious men,

al-

though they know that they are here but for a short time,

do uot leave
virtues
shvarf,

their habits.

The king on account of some

life

committed in former

died at the shrine of Sure-

thus relinquishing on the thirteenth day of the

in

dark half of Ashida,

the year twenty-six, the kingdom

If

which he had obtained by rebellion.

some portion
in this

of

the future punishment were not visible

earth,

who would

desist from sin 1

His son Kshemagupta succeeded him. * This king was

a great drunkard and naturally

dered
still

wioke'd,

and was

ren-

more

so,

by

his evil asse'eiatos, ev*en as

clouds

shed a deeper darkness over a moonless night.

Phalguna

and

other wicked courtiers

selves as richly as

who served him, dressed themthe king. Though the king was addioe,

dicted

to

wine,

women and
still

and his courtiers

;

stole
it is

enormously, yet his wealth was not exhausted

strange that the king

and

remained so

rich.

Is it not

strange that Shri

lotus,

wealth) should even for a day love the

is

whose friend

the affectionate black-bee

honey and sucks

it

from the bud?

who V&mana and

loves

other

courtiers of the family of Jishnu

tempted him like the The king became a scoffer of others, addicted -to devil. Other people's wives, and covetous of other peopled wealth v He plucked the beards of those who waitod on him, spat at them, abused them and struck their hends with his 6sts. "Women became his favorites* by
yielding their persons, the hunters, by knocking about in

KINGS
the

OB'

KiSHltfUA.

153

woods,
court

and
was

his

courtiers

by their indecont speech.

prostitutes,
;

The
iiiug,

filled

witU the
the
robels

the
unfit to

cuufor

the foolish and

wise
to

and

was

the

approach. of Jishuu,

The king was made

like

dance

by the

sous

an

idol

in

machine

aud they called him

duced
ments. to

soatterer
to

of kemglcana and so in-

scatter

away

them that
faults

kind of
the

orna-

They

attributed

to

innocent,

showed new things to the king, insulted noble porsons by

Striking
favors

thoir

heads with

flats,

and thereby received

breasts

from the lung.

wives and

They exposed the rounded

of thoir

thereby induced the pussionale king

to their houses,
dice.

and there got out money from him by

of money, the tmiunelass courtiers

Iu expectation

brought their wives to

the king,
given,

and afterwards asked

pleasure.

him whose

wife

had

him the greatest

Among

the

courtiers, Hari

and Dhurjati were prevented

by their mother from bringing their wives, to the king,

aud so they became beggars. Thus the courtiers made their

wives

unchaste,
sacrificed

and
their

themselves

objects

of

ridicule.

They
others,

long-standing

friendship
lost their

with

and
it

sometimes

they even

wealth.

What was
sacrifices
1

then that they so eagerly pursued at such

Bhatta Phalgnua had

been the minister of

king,

king Yashaskara ; he
the advices
of this

now served the present

minister

but

who had

set

up Phulguna-

aviwi aud other gods, were ridiculed by the king.

154

K1KQS of KAsmifiu.

Old Rakka, the lord of

Kampana

thirsted for vengeance

and entered among the

set
fire

eyjl coul tiers of the king.

He

to the Jayendravihira in order to kill Sauggritoa

the

Dimara who was inside the building. And iu order to mako his name lasting, he brought the images of Buddha from the burning monasteries and other stones and sot up Kshemagauiifrom dolapidated temples
;

shvora by the sido of the road loading to the mafket.

When a man
his

dies,

another enjoys his

wealth,

making

it

on

ii ;

hut

he

thinks not that Rftet his death

person.

it will

ttguiu

go to u third

Fie
TI\o

to

tlfa

lust

of wealth

deepened
vitiligos

by ignorance.
\\uvo

kwig hohlOwod thirty-six

which

attached to the several monasteries that

Sinharaja, governor

were burnt, to the lord of Khnsliu.

of
fiirt

Lohara, married his daughter to the king.

This

girl's

name was Diddi, and

her mothor's father was the

to
her.

Shghi, and the king was greatly addicted

This

Sh&hi received much wealth from the king, aud setup

Bhimukeshava.

Diddi and Chaudralekh-i

daughter of
each

Phalguna, the lord of Dvira, became jealous of

other.

The king made

use of
kuntas
(

ill

use of advice aud instruction iu the

sort

of

bayonets)

which he used

iu fox huutiag. his

d<i^:,

People often found him wandering with

and with men carrying traps and boxes, and

the

with liumvaa, and n-umlerern of

his days
iu

woods.

fox hunting iu the forest of

He spent D&modma-at
day

Lalyina, Sbuuiku, &c.

One

night, ou the fourteenth

KINGS OF KAsHMfltA.
of the

155
fire

dark moon, while thus hunting he saw

issuing

fwjm the

mouth

of a

yelling

she-fox.

This frightened

him and brought on the Lutimaya fever which ended

his
life.

In his last moments, he went to

tho shrine of In
this

Vailha in

the neighbourhood of Hushkapura.

shrine he built the

temple named Kshemamatha, and an-

other

named Shrikantba.
lentil)

His body became

like

masura
in the

(a sort of

on account of Luti, and he died

bright lunar fortnight of the

month of Pousha)
(lieu

in

the

year thirty-four, after a reign of nine years.

His infant sou

Abhimanyu
In

ascended tho throne

trusted the groat
reign
a great
fire

wider the guardianship of Diddi

ministers of the

who
this

kingdom.
the

broke out near

market of Ttinggoshvara, and conthe tract in which

sumed large houses from the temple of Bard hanasvimi

to the

other

side of Bhikshuki,
laid his thread.*

all

the devil

had

It burnt the houses

which
re-

the

impure king and

had' made impure.

his

Doniba and his^Chaudala

latives

The guardian mother

womau,
her
of

of the

khog was not a

-wise

she could not judge right from wrong.

When

husband was living she quarrelled with the daughter

Phulguua the ohief minister.
she saw that
his

When

her husband

died,

other

wives perished with him,

to follow

and was advised by Phalguna

their example.

But another

humane
*

minister,

named Naravjhana,

See Appendix F.

15G
entreated
her,

kings of KisnaifriA.

pyer of her husband, not to* die

sorrowful

whon she was weeping by the funeral and KaUka took the
;

queen away from Plialguna.

Phalguua was

now

afraid of the queen's resentment,

knowing that she

bore grudge against him, , other ministers,

and
had

was supported by the

all

But he

the authority, and him

all.

valor and judgment were

marked by
stay

Now when
the palace
till

Kardamaraja went with the bones of the

(iungoa, Phiilguua, not venturing to
f

late king to the

at

for

fear

of his enemies, intended to stop at Parnotsa

KunUtuinraJH's return with a powerful army.

lit

But when
some

hud reached Kgshtnvata

Didili,

outsiu"5 the capital with

l>y

treasury guards,
aoino club

iustigatud

Uakka, &u. } sunt

to
kill

men, with promise of reward,

of
it,

him.

But Plialguna was apprised

he collected
his

and returning theuue,

shrino
his

army and went

to the

of Var&ha.

Heariug that Plialguna had collected

army, and was

apprehensive

returning, Di'kla, and her ministers became

of au attack.

Plialguna lamented the death of his late

master at Yaraha, and laid down his arms at the foot

of the god
Varitha.
It is

This

assuaged the

fears

of

the

queen-mother.

a great sin to serve

him who cannot

is

judge right from wrong.

angry
is

To oppose him when Xn

an act of rebellion.

How

can the wise show

their ..anger,

by

obedience to law, or by resort to arms]

Phaten.ua

retired to

Paruutsa with his army and the

ministers were as glad as

buys are when their teaolier

,

goes away.

KINGS OF KlSUllfeA.

157

Now the queen

a$,

of Kshemagupta thought day

and night

to

how

she would destroy her enemy.

Parvvagupta,

when he aspired to the throne, married his two daughters

,

to

ministers

Chhoja and Bhubhata.

Mahima and

Pfitala

were the issues of these marriages

like princes.

and lived in the palace

joined
palace

Himaka and others.

by the queen

They now aspired to the throne, and They were driven from the

On one when Mahima was away from his house, the queen sent clubmen to drive him out of the kingdom. But he knew it beforehand, and took shelter in the house
occasion,
of bis father-in-law

and went to their homes in anger.

ShaGtisena.

Even there he was pur-

sued and oppressed.

Shaktisena waa at last able to send

baok the clubmen, and there in the house of his father-in-

law

Mahima

at last found

an open asylnm.

He was
inhabi-

then joined
tants of

by Himmaka, Utkala and Eramatta

;

Parih&sapura

as also

by Udayagupta son of
factions in the

Amrit&kara, and
Lalitidityapura.

Yashodhara and other inhabitants of

Thus there were two

kingdom.

In this dilemma, only the minister Naravg-

hana remained faithful to the party of Didda.

of

The army
Diddi sent

Mahima

daily

gained strength, and approached the

fight.

shrine of

Padmusvirat intending to

her son to Shuraniatha and began anxiously to think

to

how

meet the danger. Brihmanas of Lalitidityapura, aud through their agency prevented a junction between the different detachments
of the

She then gave

much

wealth ta the

enemy's army.

The Brahmanaa formed themselves

15S
into a

KIX09 OF Kisroiftti.

body

find

effected peace

between the queen and

regarded as
ip-

Mahima.

The queen had

befcn hitherto

cnpablo of action, but the event showed that she was

quite equal to the danger.
It

was known that she was

not capable of leaping over the hollow made by the foot

of a

cow

but like Hanumina, she now crossed the

sea.

bow

to wealth

by which

all clangers

can 08 averted.

The

queen gave Kampana and other places to Yashodbara and

others,

as

bribe.

Within

:i

few days

Mahima was

des-

troyed through magic, and Didda reigned suprome.

Now
Ho

it

happened that Yashodbara, lord of Kampana

ins

marched with

men

against Dlftikkana, the Shahi

chief.

forcibly penetrated to

the part of the country

fortified
;

with mountains and

confirmed

rivei*3

and captured Dhakkana

but

him

in his dignity on Ida paying a tribute. TJak-

ka and
o

others inflamed tho yu> eu-tnother against the lord

crystal,

Kampana ; for kings,

and bad women assume the

color of thosra that are uf. r L!.m.

By speaking

in accord-

ance with the

temper of tho listener the wicked gain

access to the hearts of men, court-flatterers to the hearts

of court zans, and slaves to those of their masters.

The

queen believed that the protection given to the wily and

rebellion-.

Shahi chief was owing to the bribe givea by

him

to tho lord of

Kampana.

And when

the

victorious

lord, of

Kampana

returned home, the queen sent clubmen

to drive

bun away.

Hearing of the insult offered to Mm,

former engagement,

and remembering the

JJimmaka,

Eramutta and others became angrj, and took

offence.

.Hut

KINGS

03?

KiaUMfai.

159

Naravihana, &c. did not forsake the queen, so that there

tow a division in the

nrmy

as" before.

When

Shuvadhara

aad the other rebels entered the capital, the

her son

queen sent

to

the
bl

temple

of Bhattiraki.

But the rebels

through
posing

some

under missed that opportunity of de-

the queen

who was then

alone.

On

the next

day

her people

assembled and she was able to make a show of

resistance to the

enemy.

The

rebels

who had

stationed

themselves from the temple Jayibhattiriki to the temple

men who fled within At Sinlmdvtra ( the Lion-gate) they saw the Ek&nggas in firm array, who infused courage to the flying men and led them once more on to battle. The enemy moved also. At this juncture Esjakulabhatta
SMramatha, attacked the queen's
the capital in terror.
arrived

and struck panio amongst the enemy's

approach, the enemy's soldiers
of

soldiers

and encouraged the queen's party by the

sound of Turf.
great

On

his

fell in

num-

bers.

The gods
'

war never favor

rebels.

The powerful

Himmaka struck Rajakulabhatta with sword, but the mail of the latter protected him. The queen's soldiers killed Himmaka, aud captured Yashodhara. The sword
of

Eramattaka who was gallantly fighting was broken, he

his horse

fell "from

aud was captured.

Udayagupta, anothe soldiers to

ther of the rebel chiefs

who was sought by

be placed at their head, fled from the battle.

party

The qoeeu's
tLe queen

won

the victory.

They captured Yashodhara, Shu-

bhadhar-a,

Mukula with their friends, with whom

was very angry,

Eramattaka had stopped the payment

ICO

KINGS OE KiSHMfttA.
all

of tax levied at Gayi on

funeral
rites

Kishmirians performing

in

that place'.

The queeu caused him

tp

be thrown into the Vitasti suspending a largo piece of

stone to his neck, and
action.

tuna punished him for his

too,

evil

Those ministers

who from

the reigu of

Gopala to that of Abhiuianyu, were rebelling and creating anarchy and murdering kiugs in the kingdom, were

now

destroyed by the queen,

with

their

families and

servants.
others.

She bestowed

Kampaua
the

&c. to

Rakka and

Tho

great
sole

minister Naravihaua thus

mistress of

made

the

widow queen,
of ministers of the
slept,

kingdom, and in

grutitudo to him, the queen addressed

as

him

in the assembly

Uijiuaka,

title

second only to that

king.

The queen

slept after the miniates

had

she ate after ho had eaten, she was happy

so,

when he

was

and sorry when he was

to have.

grieved,

She always

enquired after his health, asked his advice, and gave him

whatever he 'wished

There lived a charioteer named Kivpya who had two

sous

named Sindhu and Bhuyya,

flatterer.

of

whom

the elder

Sindhu was a

He had

been treasurer of Parvvafavooffice

gnpta, and afterwards

rite

of the

queen.

became the treasurer and He built another treasury

named Sindhugangja.
her kingdom.
this time
irt

Now

this

wicked person said

to

the queen that Nar.vvihauu had very nigh had usurped

The queen

believed

what ha

said.

At

Ntirarihana once invited the queeu to fi. meal

his house.

Sindhu insinuated to the queen, that

if

KINGS OF KiSHMlHA.
sbo

161

went there,

she would

be murdarad.

The queeu

became alarmed,
be done.
palace,

aud asked kis advice as to what should

She privately returned from tho way, to her

aud intimated as an exouse, that she had just

then her

monthly courses.

The minister suspeoted the

existed
ceased.
feeling

motive of the quoou,

aud the good terms which

between
the "evil

him aud the queen

counsellor

From

that time

sowed

ill

between them.
destroy.

There

is

uothiug which bad

men cannot
boys,

Evil

counsellors are Vrihaspati.

more

foolish thda

aud wlsor than

Fie \o the

creation, of

Vidhata, in which

wisdom aud foolishness1 are alike displayed.

was
ill

The queeu
Narathat

spoken of by

all for this

conduct of hers.

vhana

was so excited by

insults,

day by day

he

committed suicide.
and high
there is

What hut

death

is loft to the spirited

minded wheu insulted

\>y

one against

whom

no remedy.

Ou

his death, the

kingdom became

even as night without

moon

or words without truth.

The quesu mother now became hardened by har cruelties,

and thought of murdering the children of SanggrCma

the

Dimara.

the North, killing

employed to

They therefore fled to their country in Kayyaka the lord of Dviua aud others murder ^them. Alarmed at having promanaged
to get

voked them, she instead of feeling shame, for the selfish

never feel shame,

them

again together.

Whereupon Sthlucshvara aud other Dimaras, both great

and low, beoame alarmed, and waited
before

the queen.

She^ou her part was again alarmed at the

acouuuiltttiou

1<32

K.ISQS

OP KASHMfRA.
called baok

of bo

many Daraaras and

lUkka was dead.
bard to

Phalgunn, now
laid

that

PhaJguna bud once

down

his

arms, but he
country.
It
is

took thorn up agaiu to administer the

resist

the temptation of enjoy-

ment.
places,

He

had once had conquered Rljapuri and other

of

but now that he was old his past glory was

no

service to bim,

even

like a prostitute

when

she becomes

aged.

Jayagupta beoarae the favorite of Udaya, the queen's

brother,
cruel

and

bis colleague in the court 'of justice.

Other
the

men

joined Jayagupta, and began

to rob

people.
tion,

King Abhiuiunyu was attacked

'.villi

consumpwise.

although as he grow up, he became learned and

sin,

His pure character coming in contact with

Shirisha
flower

was

like

exposed in the

sun.

He

died in the

K.

K*

Fovtycighl, iu the

mouth

of Kirtika, on the

third bright lunar day.

The queeu was

excessively grieved at the death of her

son whose infant son Naudigupta became king.

For a

short time, the queen, remained sunk iu grief and did not
exercise

much

cruelty.

And from

that time she became

city,

religious.

The superintendent of the

named Bhuyya,

brother of Sindhu, and a good man, was her adviser iu

her pious deeds.

btctiu'se

She was how once more loved by

all,

of her affection towards her subjects.

Ministers
]'\>r

who

allay the cruelty of their sovereigns are scarce.

'

K&hmirun

Era.

KINGS

01?

KisniifRA.

163

the benefit;
'

of her dead sou, tho qucou built a town,

Abbimauyupura,
uwuyusvimi.
a

and an iumge
tlieu

of a god,

named named Abhi-

She

went

to

Diddipura and set up

for

god Didd&v&mi, and a temple

the convenience of

travellers
benefit of

from

the interior

of the country.

For the

her dead husband, she built Kaugkanapnra, and

there
stoile

set

up an image of another god (Vishnu) of white

She
also built

which was also called Diddisvimi.

a large

house (a snrai) for the Kashmfriaus and for her

own countrymen *(th

god

P e pl of Lohara.) She set up a named Sinnasvami after her father's name, and
house far the duelling of tho Brahmanas of her

built a

country.
she built
holy.

At

Lhe junction of the Vi fasti and the Sindhu,

temples and houses of gods, and made the place

built iu all sixty-four images of gods.

She

She
fire
;

re-

paired the part of the city,

built

which was injured by

and

stone

walls to the temples.

caste,

ValgS of Vaivadhika
crippled

queen in

Her female servant who used to support this her pastimes built a temple named

Valgimatha.
that
evil.

Vicious persons

may do good
will

things

but
is

is

no guarantee that they

not commit what

The fish which

species.

noiselessly play iu the river, eat their

own
eat

Peacocks live merely on rain water, but

air,

snakes which live on

and the heron who

sits still

as in silent prayer,

devours the fishes who trust limi 4

In
at-

one year,

the grief of the queen was alloyed.

life

She

tempted to take away the

bent

of her grandson,

a boy
i

dn

his

play,

by magic

In the K. . 49

104

kings of nismafflA.

the month of Agrah&yaua, on tho twelvth bright lunar

day,

Bho

killed

tho

child. ' Iu

tho K.

E.

51

in the

month of Agrah&yana, ou the fifth bright lunar day, sha killed her othor grandson named Tribhuvaua. Tho
last surviving

grandson Bhimagupta, was coronated

in

by tho cruel queen,

order to be murdered.

Iu the
It was

meantime the minister Phalguna was murdered.

from tho public.
iu

through him that her atrocities were partly concealed

She now appeared to tho subjects

character.

her hideous

The character of a woman

is

though born of high family,

rises

low even as a river which

from the mountain but runs down-war'ds.

sea,

Lakshmi

born of

loves tho lily which grows in a tank, even in

tho same irtauner,

themselves.

women

born of high family, degrade

In

a village named Vaddivasaparnotasa

there was born one

named Vina
came

of the tribe of Khasha.

He man with his /We

employed

had a sou named Tunggn. who tended buffaloes.

brothers
to Kas>hmra,

This

and entered

the service of the minister for war and peace-; and was
tu carry letters.

He once brought
fell

a letter to

the queen, she saw him, and

in love with him.

And
still

though

siie

enjoyed the iutimuoy of

many

persons,

she louk this

mau

to her favor.

This shameless and- vi-

cious <pieeu while living with Tun{,'ga murdered

Bhuyya

because he refused to

live in

criminal intimacy with her.

Fie to wicked and hard

scuae f justice iu them.

hut when any fault

is

hearted masters, who have no Uood work brings no reward, committed both life aud wealth .are

KINGS OF KiSHMfttA.

lost.

And
of

to linkka's son, the shameless for her,

Dovakalasha

used to
post

procure paramours

the queen gave the

Velavita lately occupied

Kardaniargja and others

of

Dvira did the

of four

Even who were warriors and lords same mean scrvioe for her. After a
or
five years iu

by Bhuyya.

residences

the palace, the infant

that the laws of
re-

king grew to be a sensible boy.

the

He saw
it

kiugdom were bad, and that

was necessary to

form them; and he observed that his grand-mother's

oharaotor was disreputable
instructions

It was

owing

to the

private

of

Abbimanyu's widow that tho young king

tumod

so

good.

The* cruel and

sinful

queen became

alarmed and guidod by tho advice of DcvakalaBha, and

without feeling any shame, openly hound the
aot
Icing.

This

of hers

oleared

the doubt which the peoplo had of

the queen's guilt in respect of the

murder

of Nandigupta.

And having put Bhimagupta

Tungga, -to

to death after

much
->

torture,

she usurped the throne in the K. E. 56.

whom

the queeu became every day more

last

and more attached, at

the chiof minister.

superseded

all,

and beoame

The

old ministers

made peace with

They
called

Tungga and his

attempt to
effect

five brothers, in

order to conoeal their

a revolutiou in the kingdom.

consulted with the inhabitants of Kisbmira,

in

and

the son of the queen's brother, the spirited Yigraha-

raja,

who again brought

ceremonies for

iu

some Brihmanas

ta perform
effort.

certain

the success of their

The
the

Brihmanas advised the murder of Tungga,

and

1G6

KINGS of Kismifiu.
to seek for

oppressed people began

kill

Tuugga

hi order to

him.

Diddi Bhut up Tungga

days

iu a

room, and waited

for

few

apprehending an

attack.

She bribed
gold.

Sumauomattaka and other Brihmanas with her

Tho intended
haraja
safe

attack,

being

thus bought

off

Yigra-

was obliged

to retire.

Tungga was once more

llaltka,

iu his place

and killed Kardamarija and others who

had attempted
other
chief
in

rebellion.

Sulakkaua son of
wore
oither

and

ministers

exiled

or

allowed
his

remain

the

court

according as

Tungga and

partisans wore
rija

angry or pleasod
to

with them.

Vigraha-

again began secretly

ongage the Brahmauas to

his party.

But Tungga came upon them and captured

bribed.
to fly,

tho

Brihmanas who were

and

One Aditya, a

favorite

of Yigraharaja attempted
soldiers
killed.

but was caught by the

VatBarjja, a follower of Vigraharfcja

was flying, but was wounded and captured. Tungga bound

SumanoruatfUka and other Brhmanas,
to prison.

and sent them

On

the death of Phalguna, the king of Rijapuri beinsolent,

came very

which led to an attack on him by the

In the battle which ensued with
Jl$japuri forces,

ministers of Kishmira.
Frithvipila,

commander of the
side.

aany
But

were destroyed on either

Two

of the ministers

of

Kishmira Shipitaka and Hausarsja perished.

it on fire.

Tuoggft with his brothers suddenly entered

another way, and set

the oity by
well

The R^japuri arnicas

as Prithvipila and their kiug were defeated, and the kiug

KHTG8 OF KASHMfnA.

167
to

now humbled consented

to

pay tribute

Tungga

bo

that Tungga recovered the money which was spent in the

war.
ful

Returning to the capital of KSshmfra, the powerof

Tungga accepted the lordship

fearlessly

Kampana aud

des-

troyed the villages of the D&maros.

Diddi

brother UdayarSja, Ynvarfja.

in

made Sanggrimaraja, the sou of her Her selection was made

Tn order
to test her

the following manner.

all

nephews

who were

young, she threw some fruits

aud wished to see

among them, who could gather most. The princes

She saw that while
fruits,

began to quarrel with one another.

many much
asked

of them had
boat en

gathored tho

after

being

by their

comrades, 8anggrmarja had

gathered

many without

being hurt at

all.

She then
without

him

the cause of his success, to

which he replied
fruits

"I set the others to quarrel and gathered the

being hurt.

For who does not gain his end by inducing

others to danger and keeping himself aloof." *

The queen
The hero

heard his* wily words,

and
fit

according to her feminine

for the kingdom.

judgment thought him

meditates conquest by strength, aud the timid by wiles.

In the K. E. 89 in the

month of Yidra, on the

third

eighth bright lunar day, the queen died, and the Yuvarija

became
effected

king.

This

is

the

change in dynasties

by women.

On
is
;

the destruction of the Kastaka

dynasty (whose history

the'Sltaviha flourished

narrated in this book) that of

as the

mango

trees flourish in the

pleasure garden drenched with rain

when the bad

trees

168
aro burnt
raja

KINGS OP KASHMfflA.

by the

wood-fire.

The mildness
'And
lie

of Snnggrma-

shewed his patience.

supported the ear^i

with his arms as the serpeut-king does with his numerous

Here ends the Sixth Book of Bijatarangginiby Kahlana,

son of

Champaka Pravti

the great minister of Kishmfra.

There were teu kings during a period of sixty-four

years and twenty-three days.

160

BOOK

VII.

[Invocation to Mohadeva.']
KiffO Kshamapati

was very grave and powerful.

it failed,

After
to

the death of the queen, another attempt was

destroy Tungga.

made

But

and his enemies lived to

time Chandrjkara died

see his increasing glory.

At

this

he was a great warrior, and worthy of being a minister.

He

was known to the

sons of

"king.

At

this

time also died theheroio

Punyjkam

in

the village of Bhfmatika; and as

there woro none worthyof the post of minister, the king

roluotantly favored the party of Tungga.

Tho late queen,

at tho time of her death, had bestowed wealth on

Tungga

and Lis people, so that they might not quarrel with the The king was incapable of work even for the king.
transaction of his duties
tion to Tungga,

and entrusted the administraled

and

life

of

pleasure.
!

mose

shall' I

say of the king's

meanness
alliiiuce

What He comproPrema the

mised his glory by making

family.

with an unworthy

For he gave
of the

his daughter Lothiki to

Diddi temple, because Prema was a man and might help him in his danger. So powsrful

headman

instead of marrying his il'H.^hter to a priuce, ho married

her to a beggar Brihrnaua..

At Parihsapurtt the Brahniana miuisters caused aiagio

to Be 'performed for

the

fall

of Tungga.

The revolution
o

which was thus caused by a combination among the

170

KINGS OF KiSIIllfUA.
tlie

Brahmana ministers, was like

fire.

union of violent wind and

This

the

king came'* to

know and

fult greatly in-

sulted thereby.
king.

They thou attempted

to

destroy the

Snjja

and others were requested by the Brihmanas

conspiracy for
to
it.

to join

the

the overthrow of the king,

and thoy agreed was near

its

But when the magical operation

completion.

The king gainod them

over

by u large bounty, and the conspiracy was divulged.

Tho Biglmmnsis lied in fear to the house of figjakalasha who hail instigated the act. ll&jakalasha, whose wiles were now discovered, fought with obstinacy. But the
Brihmntias
overcome.
fled

by a secret wa, and lUjakalaaha was

ministers, sons of fcjhridhara then
fell also.

The seven
was

maintained the struggle but

frUjakiilashft

After their death,

defeated

by

Sugandhisfha

Tungga's

brother

aud was brought bound by order of Tungga.

Ou

his

way along

the

Skanda

road, his guards

made
AnoHija-

htm

dance, 'wounded and disarmed as he

was.
of

ther minister

named

Bliiitikalaslm.

(pni-tinan
11*

kakalia) was also defeated

aud he
not

"nith

his son
pity

to Slmramatha.

Ho was

captured out of

and weut away broken hearted

his

and accompanied by

*on to
i
.

some other country..

Tungga.
of the

Thus
king,

the

rebellion

at

riliiiapura bent-fitted
i

When

(lunadeva

hv1 ,appe
returned to

M
t'ae

the anger

Bhut ikalasha

country after performing his bath in the

Ganges.

He

obtained u post in X\w palace anil 'wiw

to
assassinate

afturwavdf wcrctly employed by the king

KINGS OP KiSUMfRA..
Tutigga.

171
to

But the
it,

sooret oozed out,

and Tungga oame

kuow of

and BhutUtalasua with bis sou was again by tho king.

sent to exile

At

this time died

Mayyimatand

taka son of Chandtikara,

rity.

who was just And Prema who was the king's

favorites

rising to pro&pe-

son-in-law,
;

had dono some good to the ooiintry died then

as also

Ganggi aud other

and

of the king.

Only Tungga
all

hib brothers survived.

Thus perished

of

whom

Tungga had boon

side

afraid.

He was

like

a tree on the
is

of a
l>y

livor,

from whose baso the earth

washed
base

away

tho wavoi ami which therefore threatens to fall;

soil

hut tho waves' biiug lack the

firm again.

and make

its

Tunggahad
benefit

adrnitiistored Hie

kingdom justly, aud

his senso

to the
fail

of tho

people,

but

now

began to

him.

He

took

as his

assistant

a low-born Kjtya&tha

named Bhadrcshvaia.

He
to his

entrusted the

management

of

the king's household

wicked assistant iu exclusion of the virtuous and

the

high minded.

He deprived
king's

the

Brkmanas and the

helpless

aud the

dependants of their livelihood.

those who carry the dead

Even the hardhearted

feed <Sheir
relations.

men
the

own
It

kith and kin, but this

man

killed

his

&c, own

was

in

month

of Chaitra that

Tungga

took this
siha,

man

into his favor,

and

in A'shfra Sngaudhf-

Tungg.i's brother died.

He was

a great help to hts

toother

and by

his

death

Tuii.'ga

thought himself depriv-

ed o the bebt

member

of his body.

172

KISG3 OP KiSHMfRA.

'

Trilochanapila the Sbahi haviug asked for help against

his his
en( -iiy,

tho
in

king of 'Kashnura
the

sent

Tungga

Jto

country

month

of M-irgasliirsha.

He was

accompanied by a largo and powerful army with feudatory

chiefs*

and

ministers
to
his

aud

Rajpoots.

The Shlhi
to

welcomed

them

country,

and advauced
iu

meet

them

and thfy spent

five

or six days
their

pleasure and
discipline

oonKi'iitnUtion.

Shihi saw

want of

and

told thorn that since they did not

Turti'ihkiw,

mean
at

to fight at

with tho
the
flank

Hiey

miiflit,

remain

case

of a

hill.

But

TutvjfL'a

did not accept this good advice

fluxions
tor

and ho

ih well hi his

urmy won

tho battle.

The

Kislimirians crossed tho river Toushi,

and destroyed
to reconnoifor the

tho detachment of soldiers sent

tre.

hyllammira
advised

But though the K&slimfriauH wore eager

fight, tho wise Hlulhi repeatedly

them

to

take

shelter behind the rook, but Tunsfna disregarded the advice,

for all advice
is

vain, wlu-n one

is

doomed to

destruction.

Tho General
of war and

of the Turks wns well versed in- the tactics

brought out his army early in the morning.

On

this the

army
three

of T'liux'i immediately dispersed,

but
these
field,

the troops of the Shjhi fmiifht for a while.

lattor
fled,

When

persons
against

were
tho

s,till

soon in the

yilhi'ifly

fiifhtiitt;

cavalry of the enemv.

Tl>py

worn

Jayi-mili-i,

Shiivardhana aud Vibhramjrka

ton was tho valliant Tnlocha-

the TUmirt.
naji'a ',h
'-'

And

there

valor pi<-)m

description

and who, tWugh

Oveiftlwluwd by utmmal numbers reiaainod unaoumiered.

KINGS OF KiSIIMfBA.
His body bled, and he looked, like
flames

173
in the to ba

Mah&dova wrapt
the world
is

of the

last

fire

with which

destroyed.

After facing his numerous foes clad in mail,

he at last retreated,
tract

and the enemy ovorran a large

Hamraira though victorious
at ease on witnessing in

of the country.

the

field felt

himself

ill

the super-

human
fortune.

heroism

of Trilochanapila.

Tbe

Sh&hl took

shelter in H&stika

and made great

I

efforts to retrieve his

Thus have

briefly narrated the fall

and ex-

tinction of the line of Sliihf,

of his

and now the very existence

kingdom

01

which
luci

have spoken in tho history of

Shnuglcaruvartatiu,

become

an

object of doubt.

Fate accomplishes
droam,

what appears

improbable even in

and what cannot even bo conceived.

tho king

Tungga
as

returned to his country, but

forbearing as

of Kashniira

he

wai

devoid

ambition,
in

was not angry

Still

with him for his cowardly flight

the battle.

Tungga was very much grieved.

kingly style which gave his father

His sou Kitndarpasinha

was proud of his wealth and his heroism and lived iu a

much annoyance.
But the king rememlate queen,

Vigrahar^ja the king's brother privately wrote to the

king advising

him

to kill

Tungga.
of the

bered the

last

injunction

and

for

long time remained

unsettled.

Urged,

however, by

repeated letters he at last

epistles that
anil- if*

said to the carriers of tho

bis son,

he seldom

n ,J,w

Tungga alone with

his life

he was found alone the deed might be attempted.

'For if you

make an attempt ou

when he

is

not

IT'i

KINGS OP liAauitfuA. ho
will

alone,

bo able to destroy

us.

So wait

till

there

be

uu opportunity."

The messengers remembered tup

and tried to find Tungga alone.
this

advice of the king,

Within

six

months from
house
court,

time the king sent for

still

Tungga, and though he had dreonit an evil dream,

ho went out of
entered the
presence
for his

alone

with his sou.

Tungga
r

kiii'''a

and
after

there remained in his

a short time,

which he went into the

six

council clumber

with

fivo

or

servants.

Ho was
saying
their

fallowed by Pnvu, Slmrka

and

others,

who without

anything to tho king began to strike

woapons.
Sinha.rnthn,

Tungga with
lino of

born of

tfie

Mahiratha

was the minister of king Shangkaravarmmfc, and was the

most dutiful of Tungga's attendants.

arms,
still

Though without

Tungga by throwing himself over him. But Tungga was killed at the first blow, and the king was rejoiced. The wicked Kangka and Prtha
he tried
to save

the sou of 'the court Brihrnana

Dharmma
They

an enemy of
placed their

Tungga, were present on the

fingers

spot.

on

their lips, in fear, (perhaps to signify thereby

that they would not interfere in the least) and threw

down

their

arms

to save themselves.

Changga and
fear like

the
to

other ministers

who were

also present,
still

though friendly

Tungga and

armed, stood

in

women.

Tho -king

cut off the heads of Tungga and his son and

his

threw them outside the palace in order to encourage

own meu aud

dishearten the followei-a of Tungga-so that

still

they might not iu ignorance of their master's fate

KINGS OF KABBUfllA,
-hold out, or set fire to the palace.
inaster's

The

servants saw their

head and

fled,

very few showed any zeal for

their

master.

One

only

named Bhujangga son

th'e

of

Brihmana feudatory chief entered sued the king from room to room.

chamber and purbroke open the

lung's court.

Ho

doors and killed twenty warriors in the

There died the treasurer Trailokyaraja and the hero

Abhinava son

of the

nurse

of Kapyamatta.

In the
fol-

court-yard lay the

dead bodies of thirty Ekiuggs,

lowers of Tungga, Padmarija

fray,

who remained unhurt

to

in the

wont to some shrine

assunge his grief for the

doath of hia toaster.

to fight, were killed

Others though thoy did not ventxire

by

the

king's

partisans,

Ohandri-

khya who

considered himself

warrior,

Arjjuna and

Dclichakra the

Dimarn,

though they threw down their

Tutigga died on
in the

arms, were killed by the king's party.

the

twelvth day after

the

new moon

month

of

Ashira.
king.

His house and property were plundered by the

the death of Tungga and his son, who weY

After

not rebels, the wily people gained ascendancy in the

palace.

N&ga

the brother of
evil

ears

of the

king with

Tungga who had abused the council, and was in fact the
brother and brother's

cause of the destruction

son,

of his

and was

ill

spoken of by men, was now made lord

of

Kampana by

the king.
lived

Kshemi
in

wife

of Knndarpa-

siuha,

Tungga's son,

criminal intimacy with

Nga*

After four days and when the tumult hud ceased,

of Kaudarpasiuha, and daughter

Thijitha a chaste wife

11

>

kings of KAsratfiu.
burnt herself in tho
fire.

of Shalii

Maugkhaaa

wife of,

Tungga
trisiuha,

fled

with the celebrated Vichitrasiuha, and

Bra-

sous of Kauclarpaslnha and with their mother

Mammi;

and passed her days

at Rajapuri.

Bhnrlreshvara who was promoted to the post of Tunggn,

plundered the riches belonging to the gods Bhuteahvara

and Ahideva.
judgment

What more

shall

say of the want

of
to

of the king than

that he gave

good posfs

Pirtha and others.

The vory wicked Partha who was

intimacy with' the
wife
of his

known
city.

to

Hvo

in oriminal

brother, was by the king

muda

the superintendent of tho

Pirtha polluted the shriuo of Pravartslu

by mur-

ders.

Mataugga son

of

Sindhu a very miserly man and an

oppressor of tho

people began to

augment the

treasure

of the avaricious king.

Now

iu former times there lived one

Divira caste who had a son

prostitute,

Devamukha of named Chandramukha by a

to sell cakes, &o.

& woman who

used

By

Tungga's favor he had

been made one of the

wealth.

king's

dependauta, and had amassed great

Though
poverty

rich he was avaricious, and when presented with oakes

he used

to bo angry with

his servants.

In

his

he had been healthy, but in his days of prosperity he And so the people lost his good digestion and health.
used
of
tr>

jeer him.

He

did one virtuous act at the time

Ida

death.

He

gave one-third of

one koti

(of the

current cuiu i) for the repair of the shrine of Btfueahrara.

His sons Naudimukha and others were 'on bad

KINGS OF alsniifitA.
-terms
ijf

171

with one another,

hut they were made captains

"It

regiments by the king.

was ridiculous

to

bestow

on thorn the post of Tungga.

They

'were

sent against
country.

the Turks, like Tungga, hut they fled

to

their

The king was weak, and the ministers worthy of him, and consequently the Diviras and D&maras of Darad
rebelled.

0? the building? erooterl

in this reign, the following

may

ho enumerated.
after

Lothiki the king's daughter built

her name,
'I'ilot

a temple cnllud

.and

another after the

vicious aspire

name
to

of hor mother
aot-i,

taunt.

Kvon the

virtuous

for

even Uhadn-shvara built a monasedifice

tery.

Thu king did not build any

with his own

money.

The nueon Shrflekha claughtor of .Shrfynshomanggala,

became unchaste as her hus band became weak. Jayikara
son of SugaudhUIha by Jayalakshmi

was her favorite,

and mi him she bestowed much wealth. *She was mistress

of the of
ttie

treasury

in

Hie village of Mayo, and by

rich.

favor

king she became

In her habits she

was parsimonious.

On

the

fir.it

of Ashar.i in the year

four of the Ksh-

mimn

era the king died bequeathing his kingdom to his

son Elaririia.

Haririjn was surrounded by good men, and was the delight

of

all.

Ho
were

cleared the country of thieves, so that

safe during nh;hL. a

ma'rket roads

The

king's orders

which lasted for

short time only, were honored even

if

KINGS OP KiSHJlfnA.
fleeting

aa Iho

new moon.
Live!) are

After

a roigu

of twentyafter

two days this good king dfed on the eighth day

the

new moon.
which
set

like

stars

of the

summer
charm

night,

soon after they are seen.

It is said

that his unchaste mother

removed him by a

secret

because he resented her bad behaviour.

The queen mother Shiilekha was ambitious

aud went
for

of reigning

to the coronation-bath, every thing being ready

the ceremony.

But

in

tho luonnlimo the Ek&uggas

king's nurse,
late

joined by tigam son of the

coronated the

boy Amuitadova brother of tho

only reaped
the
sin

king.

The quocn
for

of murdering her child

it.

tho

kiugdom, while another enjoyed

Even
tho

as the scrpont

who

is

robbed of

its

jewel by one, reaps only sin, by sting-

ing to death another with

whom

stone

is

lodged.

Her disappointment was so

affection for her son.

great

that

sho forgot her

Fie to tho craving for enjoyment

Vigraharij

*,

the

aged

uncle (father's brother) of the

new king approached

brought a

tho

kingdom
from

to

usurp

it.

He

powerful array

Lohara,
capital

and within
after

two aud

half

days entered the

it

having

burnt the gate wheu

was

carelessly guarded.

Hut

when within

the temple of Lotlnki,he

aud his followers

were killed by the army sfnt by Shrilekbi.

built ,two temples for the benefit of her
son's souls,

She then

husband's and

and at^un rose in

rebellion.

In the memtime the king grew up and,

hia very iufcuicy,

a king'frdm
(fee.

he indulged

in costly habits,

Jiud/a-

KINGS OP KiSUMfBA.
-piln,

179

and other sons, of Shahi became bis favorites, and obtained large salaries from the revenue of the kingdom.
Still

Rudrapila remained

a,

beggar as he was, though

paid one and half laos daily while Diddip&la was happy with eighty thousand a day.

Ananggapgla the Yetila

was also fed by the king

statue of Sarasvati.
thieves

he thought of uprooting the

Kudrap&la was the proteotor of the

and Chandilas who plundered and killed men.

The

K&yasthas,

under

the protection

of Rddrapila,

began to oppress the subjects.

a houso for tho blind.
beautiful and
oldest

Utpala and others bnilt

Riidrapila married A'samatf the

daughter of Itiduchandra king of

JiUudliara (Jallendpr).
vara.
tiful

She

bnilt a

temple at Tripuresh-

Horyounger
than she,

sister hiuryyamali

somewhat less beau-

was rnanied by Uudrtqiila to the king.

advices to bio sovereign though his
e;ti

This

man gave bad

advices were pleasing to the

At this time Tribhuvana the powerful lord of Kampansv

rime with the D&maras

i

to

m<urp the kingdum.

Though
rebel, the

large

part

of the

royal

army joined the

cavalry ami the Ekinggas remained faithful to the king.

In

the

battle which

en-ued the gallant king evaded

his

ejieraj's

blow and atryek Tribhuvana.

Though protected
life,

with a strong irmi mail which s-aved his

vwnittt'd blood, and fled.

Tribhuvana

The
body

king,

as he

covered
his

with

moved over the battle field, h'u mangled flesh and blood and
btick,

uMng

sword as a

was a

terror

to his foes.

180

KINGS OF KASlIlrfRA.
the battle
field

Ho saw on
with pity,

the

wouuded Ek&nggas who

j

were uamod to him

one after ttuothor

their

he was touched
as

and reliovod

anxiety

regards the

gratuity due to

them

for their

wounds.

The

grateful

king bestowed ninety-six kotis of

Diun&ras on them.

And

so

great

was the king's magnanimity that he gave

some money even to Tribhuvana.

sword so firmly during the

The king held

he could not

his
let

battle, that

go his hold when tho battle was over, but after long
milk-fomentation.

The king mado

had
to
retire.

his friond

BrahmarsLja treasurer,

but

he excited tho jealousy of Jlmlrapila and consequently

He

then joined tho seven

Mleohchha

kings and tho Dimaras, aud placing tho king of Darad

at
their

head entered

Kfishraira.

When

they arrived

at the village Kshiraprishta, the gallant

Rudrapila went

out to fight with them.

It was settled that the battle

was to commence the nest day, and the lord of Darad

went

into the house of Kridipiudaraka tho Nig'a.

There
his

contrary to the advice of those around him, he

threw

bayonet (Kunta) ou a

fish

that was floating in the

water,

whereupon there arose from the place a serpent, having

the body of a jackal, and the
lord--

of Darad chased

it.

His army saw him run, and thought that the engagement
of fighting

on the succeeding day had been violated, and

battle.

appreheudiug an attack from tho enemy, rushed to

In
th*3

battle which raged,

the lord

of

Darad

.lost 'his

head,

nnd

the

ftimo

of Eudrapila

increased.

.The

KINGS OF KiSHllfRA,
"Mlechchha kings wore
killed

181

or

imprisoned*

and the

king of Kashmira obtained gold and jewels.

Eudrapala

brought to his master the head of the king of Darad with

crown adorned with pearls,

Udayanavatsa brother of
be performed

the deceased, caused magic to

by the

BWihmanas and Rudrapgla died

of Shahi were also soott removed.

of lAti..

The other sons

When

the Palas the favorites

his

of the

king were dead,

This queen otherthe bonks of the

Suyyamati became,

most beloved.

wise called Sabhata set up a Shiva on

Yitahta,

and a tumplc called Rubhatamatha, and at the

timo of sanctifying tho god anil tcm[ile she removed the

poverty of
horses,
fur

many Brahmanas by bestowing ou tbem

cows,

gold and jewels.

By

its

sirto

she built a village

Brahmanas, with a

torn pie,

and named the village after

thai of A'shachaudra

alias Kallaua, her

it

younger brother

whom
to

she loved.

By

she

erected

two other temples

Vijayesba and Ainaresha and called

Sillana her

them
aud

after the

names of
husband.

another

brother,

of

her

In Vij.iyfishvara she gave one hundred and

eight villages inhabited

by Brahmanas

to holy

and learned

Brahmanas. In Amarcshvara she bestowed (ou Br&hmanas)

villages
after hur

inhabited

by "the same caste people, and

;

called

husband

aud she erected

Trisula, Vanalingga

and other images of Shiva.

When
left

their son Rajaraja died,

both the king and the queen

near the, temple

the palace and lived

of SadSshiva.

From

this

time

the

182

kings of kAsiimira.

aucient palace of kings was deserted and all the succeed'ing kings dwelt near thia temple.
r

The grooms
by royal
plunder.

of the king's
for

stable

became

rich,

partly
.

gifts,

the king loved horses,

and partly by

There was one Dallaka, the Daiabika who was a great

jester

and

favorite

of the

king.

This

was

the

man

through

whom

Bhoja king of Malava

lie

built a golden tank,

and
to

it

was through him that

face

fulfilled his resolution

wash his

always

with
too

the waters from the

/ihrine

of Papasu'lana.
to

Ho
his

robbed

tho
"

people.

He

used

prepare

iiotols
all

with
riches.

perfumos,

and
for

the

king gave him almost

further
rich as

Tho

king,

the

payment of
he was now,

this

man's dues, mortgaged

to him,

tho llinme
tail.

and crown marked with

the design of peacock's

Every month these things

were brought from tho betel man's house on the day of

worship.

At

last

the king stopped

these

excesses by

iviug charge of his

treasury

to bis queen' Suyyamati, at

The
this

fear caused

by tho grooms and Dallaka subsided

once,

aud the kingdom once more enjoyed peace.

From

time the queen took up the administration of the

;

country

and tho king carried oat tho queen's ardors.

yib husband submitted to the wifo, but everything was

a/meably managed owing to the sinless character of both.

The king was

up
half of hij

exceedingly pious.

During

his long reign,

he constantly changed

his favorites,

li&labhanugja gave
tho
royal
treasury

onn

wealth,

uud

filled

KINGB OF KiSHMfKA.
at

183

Kshema.

His court

wq,s

adorned by his minister

named Keshava, a Brahmana and

Trigarta.

an

inhabitant
this
is

of

People

had previously aeon

in the streets
! !

man
as

poor
fleet-

nnd alone walking

Fortune

ing as lightning in the clouds

Ju Gourishatridashalaya there lived a Vaishya named

Prasidapala,

and he

had three sons named Haladhara,

Vajra and Varaha,

the

Of them Haladhara was favored by queen, and at last became the prime minister.
Haladhara completed and onlai'god the building

Both the king and the queen took his advioe on every
occasion.

begun by Kahomiv.

The oustom
nocnunt

of registering the color

office,

and v nl uo of gold by private individuals in a public

thereby publishing an
viduals,

of

tho 'wealth of indi-

was discontinued by

this minister, so that future

kings might not oppress the rich.

Ho

stopped oppression

over the people by killing some

of the king's grooms

who plundered them

the junction
of the

of their

wealth and women.

At

Yitasta

and the Indus, he

also

built a

golden

temple.

There he

built another temple

and founded
His
his

villages

which were inhabited by Brfihmanas.

Vimbft
rich

brothers and

sous were rich and liberal.

a great warrior

nephew, son of Varaha,

and a

man, went out to a distant country on some business.

He
fly

killed

many
his

DSmavsis,

and at

last

perished

in

ft

battle

with tho people of Khasha in which he refused to

followers were
set
few.

though

The king deposed

in his place.

Sala king of

Champa, and

up another

184

KINGS OF KiSmiftlA.

The

kiug

fell

into

difficulties

several

times

by-

suddenly entering foreign

advice or plan.

kingdoms without previous

where his army was
he was

Ouce

at Vulliipura

reduced iu an attack on Kaladha son of Tukka,

rescued from danger by the device of

Haladhara.
his

On

Another occasion, when he

entered

Urask

passage

was cut
lord of

off

by tho enemies, and he was rescued by the

cleared the
passage,

Kampana who
danger.

and gave

the
ft

king an cutlet.
in

Tho king showed great courage

killed Rajoshvara

hen

Tho Damaras who inhabited JCrama

loi'd

of

Dvaiu and sou of Bhadreshvara,

as well as

many
fall,

it hers.

He who

serves royalty

must always have a

iteennae the
to

qnceu favored Haladhara, ovil Tumour began

;

spread regarding them

and Ashachaudra the

queen's
his
pro-

youngest brother, arrested

perty.
again.

him and

confiscated

But tho king liberated him, and ho prospered

On

account of the queen's favor he experienced

alternately, eveu like

jitosperity

and misery

suu and shade

on a rainy dy.
Gradually the simple king became henpecked, a
cir-

cumstance which became the cause of his misfortunes.

By
hi )
1

the advice of the queen who'was blind

in

hep

affec-

tion for her suu, the king

made preparations

to abdicate

kingdom

to

his

son Kalasha, though in this he was

opposed by wise Haladhara and other wisomuu.

" You
Tn spite

% ill repent of
of

this "

said

his ministers to

hinu

tliia advii.'o h'jv.evt-r,

ho coronated his Son

Haniditya

KINGS OF KiSHHfRA.

185

(otherwise oalled Kalasha),., in the Kashrairiau era thirty^line

on the sixth of SrSvana, bright moon.

This new king had a high notion of his sovereign

dignity,

and heartlessly told his father that he should

address

him by the

title of

Deva.

The

father

stared at

him

in anger, but the

sou said smiling " when even the

king* of Kanouje find other places address

me in
for

that way,
yourself.

what

else should

you do who have deposed

feel

Every day you shall

such humiliation

even the

Kiahis cannot forego their pride."

The

late

king remem-

bered the words of his ministers, and oould not give

reply.

any

On another

day,

Haladbam seeing
few

the boy served

pre-

by other kings, and the father with

followers,

tended to bo angry with the latter, and so managed to

Pfivo

the kingdom back

to

him.

Ilaladhara reproached
at case,

him and enquired if he was not ashamed to remain

burdening the
little

boy with the weight of the kingdom.

"Take upon yourself" he continned

nf the
if

"tho management,
artifice

kingdom, ami

let the

youth enjoy the pleasures

his age."'

Ho
it.

said an,

and by this

managed
deprive
in

to give

buck the kingdom to the old

man and

to

ike

boy of

The Utter now became king only

to

nauie7
food.

and had

depend on
1

his parents

even for his

the

In accustome

worship of weapons
to

boy

wijs

merely an assistant
;r grieved

his father.

They who
beasts

are glad

without cause are like

unsettled in
child
Jshr

Iheir actions.

had got the

The queen by whose exertions her kingdom, repented when he had it.

1SG

KIXGS OB KASHZdllA.
of

became jealous
jeots of ridicule

her

sou's,, wives,
;

when they adorned

ob- r
their houses.

themselves as befitted queens

till

and made them the

to

they ceased

adorn

One day Kshitiraja sou of Vigraharaja the

father's brother

old king's

came
his

to king

Anauta aud with lamentation

told

him that

sou Bhuvanaraja was aspiring to his

(Kshitiraja'a) throne

and that his grandson Nila had

already usurped the kingdom and had

made preparation
of

to opposo the intended attack of his father Bhubanaraja.

That Nila had vested dogs with the holy threads

BriilirnanM ami called thouo nftorjhe

names

of holy
left

men
all

revered

by

his

f.ithcr.

Kshitirujn

afterwards

worldly concerns, for even his wives were

against him

and uouiinutiug Utkaraha son of

ll&uialekhft,

Kala&ha

by queen

an infant yet iu

its

mother's breast, as heir,

travelled in holy

places in the

company of learned men,

aud

after enjoying peace for

dbara, a

many years, died at (Jhakradefout Vishuuvite. He aud bis contemporary

being alike friends to the poets.

king Bhoja were both renowned for charity and loaruing

and

for

Kiug Anauta
guar

made Tanvanggaraja
diau of

(bis father's brother's son) the

bis grandsou.
his ward,

This Tanvangga enlarged the

Ira

kingdom of

and when

grew up, returuad

to

K/bhtufra and died at Chakradhara.

The king took the advice

volution

of

his

kinsmen and a

re-

was

caused
sou
of

by them.

One Jiuduraja sou

of
heroism,

of Madannraja

Siddharaja sou of Buddliaraja

his

son

of

luduraja

who was proud

KISOS OB KiSHMfRA.
was
called

187 but be

sent

against

tljo

kiijgs of
lier

Darad,

was
ac-

by the queeu ia

house aud made to

cept tbe post of minister.

battle.
in

Tho Kfisbmfrians
killed

lost

the

The Damaras

too, to the grief of tho

queeu, rose
the rebel
in-

rebellion.

Jinduraja attacked and

Daniara chief named Shobha a blind

habitant of Degr&ma.
of

mau and an

The king created Jinduraja

liajapuri

lord

Kumpaua, and made

Kishmfra.

aud other places

tribu-

taries to

At
as
rui^n.
visited

this

timo tho minister Haladhara died.

the
slippery
bis

He

was

a staff in

path

of

kiug

Auanta's

When

on

death-bud at Chnkradliara he was

tho

by tho king and

queen

for

advice,

ho told

the

king not to attack nnolhur kivisjdcm

iu danger to try to slvo bis " you
nuiot reqnnl
;

hastily,

and

when

life first.

"JUuluraja"

ho continued

him who has suddenly

will

risen to power, with suspicion

and Juyaimnda

breed

quarrel

between you and your son."

Accoicliug to this

advice of the dying miuister the king caused the powerful

Jinduraja
Yijja.

when he wua unarmed,

to

be captured by

Now

in tbe course of time, prince Kalasha tho nominal

king vas led by bis servants to evil ways.

tbe princes of the family of Shahi

There were
Yittba,

named

Vijja,

Rajapaja and
evil acts,

another who used

favorites.

to excite the prince to

and became his

treasurer Nagn,

Jajfinanda

too tbe

sou of

the,

of this

priuce king,

who was always by tho person taught him dishonest things. The

188

KINGS OF KiSHMlKA.
dead,

king's religious instructor Ai?iarako.ntha being

he

became the
the

disciple of

Amara's sou Pramadakantha. Thijp

king naturally of bad character, had for his guru, a

advised
evil

mau who

things,

and

who was
This

indis

criminate in his

intercourse

with

women.

boldly lived in criminal intercourse with his

ter.

man own daughOne night

There were some who were proud of their prowess,

to
g>>

and used
they
fell

about in the streets at night.

fright

down through

and had

their knees broken.

Ihit their

wounds were cured by a oat merchant by simply

This

passing his hands over their heads.

for his ensign, for

man had
his

a cul

which ho

was so named,

formut

name
but

beinsj

forgotten.

He

was really a great dunce,

.

ww

proud of his greatness aud modical knowledge

md

hpcamo the <jum of shoemakers and washermen.

above

He

cured the men.

mentioned, by rubbing his baud*

besmeared with

cats' ordure,

on their heads.
the king aud

Thus men

of

no renl merit hoodwinked

in

held him completely

their power.

The- king's com-

munions kept up nights, ate

much but could

to

not digest,

the Ling too ^peut nights with them in music, drinking

wine,

and

forcing

women

their

company.

The

Kanaka son of Haladbara when he was angry and tore off his no-.p Chamaka ( Kanaka I) some of whose limbs were mntiUfai
cervauts once bound the unruly
\n a pillar

became the
to procure
lainistjra,

favorite of the

sovereign,

because he used
him.
to his

women.
aud
g.ivc

The king preferred him the

title of

Thakkura, and he

KINGS OF KASHMflU.
gained

189
low origin
excited

muck

reputation.
his

|Te discarded his

nd thanked
describe
it

broken nose.

Thus
the

the

and

shameless king did what should not be

told, still I shall

because

it

comes

in

way

of

my

narra-

tive

The king who loved

(the present
his
wife,

to enjoy

other peoples' wives

his daughter

did not

spare his sister Kallana

king's

and

Naga.
in

The old king

father)

who

lived

retirement with
this,

was

much

grieved to hear of

though he said nothing.

Thero lived a beggar Brahmaua named Loshtaku, an

inhabitant of Ovaua of which village
sayer.

he

was the sooth-

One tnght when he was coming from the house

ho happened
fist

of Sanggr.imaUshotrapala,

to

way oorreotly

what was within the closed

of miother,

aud so he gained

much
yurii,

reputation,

and

this

man

of lust

was made

the

the soothsayer aud the procurer of the kiug.

flatterers,

By those aud other

the kiug was blinded

and he came to consider guilty actions as meritorious.

Words

said in jest

were good words with him, his valor

consisted in oppression over his people

shtinielessuess

and he showed

his

and gallantry by intercourse with women

His simplicity was apparent
the abuse of the wicked ; and
left

who should not be touched.

by his puttiug up
with

nothing of what bis flatterers did, was

him, because
it

undone by

was bad.

Always knocking about from

house to house to steal the embraces of other men's wives,

he

felt

no pleasure in the embraces of

his

own wives

at

night.

His pleasures were planned by others, aud his

190

KINGS OP KiSinrfllA.

love of other people's wives began to increase.

One night

accompaniod by

five

or six procurers, he stolo into the

house of Jiuduraja, whoso daughter-in-law (son's wife) who

was as bad as a prostitute,

invited
dosj

the king by signs.

"When he entei-ed the house the

dalas thinking
it

barked, and the Chan-

was a

thief,

ran with clubs.

The king

through
beat

fear, fell

ou the ground, and they were going to

his

him,

when
it

followers sheltered him, with fheir

out,

bodies.

Hut when they were thrashed they cried

was king Kulasha
;

and said that

were stopped.
the

and so the Chand&las

Surely this mishap came' to pass because

his

king

(rent to

engagement placing

his nose-less

courtier

in

tho

front.

He went
by
in

ont in disappointment

captivated with the glance of tho girl, but did not escape
the eyes of the

passers

tho streets.

Even

the

king was insulted

by the

low people, because he did

unkingly tbing3 owing to the baseness of his heart.

Even gods

afe insulted for unruly passions,

how then

can

mortals escape with undenled honor.

turns towards what
First of
desires are
all,

When-

the heart

is

evil

every thing gets confused.

his
evil

the

man

gets evil name, and then

first

known.

Virtue perishes

and then honor.

a

Men

doubt the fact of his being

his
life

bom

in

good

family,

and then

becomes endangered.
to

That very night when the wicked king returned

his
capital,
his

parents heard of the affair.

for

And

after

weeping for a long time

tion,

shame, grief and

filial' affec-

they determined to

capture him, they spent that

KINQS OF KASHllfllA.
night in resolving to ooronnSo the learned

191

Haraha the
and

eldest of their grandsons and son of Vappika (Kalasha).

On

the morning they sent for

the king; but

Vijja

JaySuanda warned the latter against seeing bis parents.

the king went to

Led by the ha,ud by Jayanauda and followed by Vijja But no sooner had he liia parent.4.
fattier

gone t there than his

gave

a slap ou

his

face

and

told

him

to leave aside his

weapon, Vijja supported

the frightened king with

his

hand and touching

his

weapon proudly
honorable
pay,

jsaid

to

the old man.

I

" Being tho most

honorable of men,

why do you forget that king men can never forsake their honor? I reooive and am a Itujpoot, and armed, how then can I leave
a<j

him

in danger as long

am

alive

You are

the father,
fit."

he tho son,

when we

are

away do what you think

Having stopped the tongue

father; and

of the old king with words

both harsh and mild, Vijja brought away the king from
his

men admired

Vijja for his speech before

the ex-king. Fortunately fur the king, his mother

who was

a very angry woman, ^aid nothing

roused Kalasha

for

had her anger been

wmld

either have been brought

under

dis-

cipline or imprisoiijil.
to

Vijja

then hastily took the king

i

thi

house of

Dilnd the

ivurite

queen.

She was

ini'oruifd of all that

had Irq

pu-m d,

and pretending thH and by

the

king was

&uu"e;iiu;

ftum headache, besmeared the with

oil,

head of the frightened sovereign,

ineuui
s**e

this

prevented ihc eutrance of any other person,

placed Vijja at tho duur

uud sheltered her husband.

192

KINCJS OF BlASUllfBA.

On

the other

hand when the

otl'er

persona had gone

away, the mother of the king rebuked her husband, and

on the pretence of looking to the welfare of her son

went to him.

When

she came there to reconcile the father

and the son, the king was alone and Vijja at the door.

But the queen mother was denied admittance, whereupon the old king became angry and prepared himself to go to
Vijayakshetra.
to

When

he

with his wife had gone near

inhabit-

Padmapurn, Vishchavata and other J3rahmana

thus addressed
him.,

ants of the place

"

Why

do you

repent after having yourself abdicated your kingdom

whatever you

may have

done,

whether good or bad, you

should have rebuked your

should not now repent.

You

had son considering that you have not resigned your subjects to his evil will.

The king
is

is

powerless as a doll
is

set

on a machine

that ho

cither good or bad

owing
dis-

to the virtue or sin of his suhjocts,

even as clouds

charge rain or thunderbolt according

of trees.

to the virtue or Bin

You

are wishing to enjoy pleasure'

away from
you
to

your wicked smi, but how can that be

are leaving

fulfilled since

behind your treasures.

For who cares

touch a
if

man however worthy and

well-born and pure

he be without wealth like a'Sword sharp and bright,

without the scabbard."

L>ut

When

the old
his

king heard

thus,

he thought of returning, and

son came to the

his anger.

spot with his wife, and tried to assuage

ttld

The
all

rmui entered the capital

still

angry. n>l took away

the treasure.

He

eel out aguin,

an

nA for his queen

kings of sAsnufiu.
on the other side of
skirts,
<fco.

193

ttic

vivtv

with horses, arms, mail

Tho

ladies

of the

house loadod the boat

a

with soveral
house.

articles,

and did not leave even

peg iu the
affair

The people

at first

knew nothing
place

of the

and remained

silent,

but whou thoy were aware that the

they began to

old king was going

away from the

weep and with

king.

tears
olao

showered flowers ou the departing

7ts

Nothing

heard in

the streets but

lamentations,

and. cries of

"0!
;"

Mother,"

"O!

fnthei"
voice of

"where aro you, going henco

of sighs
hills.

und when tho

in

lamentations had gradually ceased

iiounrld

tho

streets,

the

were heard

like

the sound of fountain

his

on tho

And

tho car of the old king and

queen
thr-y

became so accustomed

to the cries that llicy fancioj

heard sueh sounds in tho air evon when they had departed.
f.on

They were
that
ouos.

so shocked nith the evil ooiiduet of their

they blamed

even

the birds for feeding their

of Vijaye-

young

They then reached the shrine

hearts were soothed
of the

shvara nud

tlu-ir

troubles on

account of their son.

devotion and lived

There thoy passed their days in

their

with
to

servants.

The persons

who followed him

Tuuggu.
<ke.,

the

shrine

were Tauvanggnr&ja,

the princes'
,

Chandra, &o
Kbliira

and the Diniuroa.

hU kinsmen, and SuryyavnrmS, The Dimaraa and king

;

were statioued by him in their own towns

served
us
his

but

they

also

guard.

The

old king kept his

treasure neenre and passed his

the

days in happiness.

All
alao

Rajpoot

cavalry

and

tlw

armed Dmart\9 were

vt

194
stationed

KINDS of KiannfRA,
near him.

The

'year

of

his retirement

to

Vijayakshetra, according to the Kashmiiian era, was 55.

When
suries

bis father

was gone, Kulasha found

still

bis trea-

empty.

Though w ithout money, he

well,

wished
others,

to improve bis kiugdom, and consulted Vijja

and

and made those whom be know

born in a place on
Dv&ra.
lie

his

ministers.

Jay&nanda was mndo prime minister and Varihadeva

the Yitasta

was made the lord of

also

made

Vijuyamitra, .lord of
(lit.

Kampana.
WardLaving
he be-

Ho

was formerly Amvaradhiknri

of Jinrlhtii'ijn
lord
of

loj:d

of the

robe)

Knmpunn.

And
fit,

plaood

men on
ugoiust

ocvernl
n

posts

as he thought
in

stowed his
fight

attciii'.

on accumulating riches
-

order to

from rich

hw fithei men of bud

1h'>

Jity&iinndu.

borrowed

money

character in order to collect au

army
eld

of infantry

and with Yyji ami other Rajpoots

marched
king.

with

army

to

Avniitipiua to attack the

Tho
to

kiiig

liberated

Jindimlja
too
old

from prison
along
the

aud lionored him.

Rhimika road
theije
f

Jindutaja
J.t

marclied
king.

with

tiie

Hearing of

preparations

tlie

Dlunirus and the cavalry of the

old Ling

became

itiv =. --ed

and

hastily

s>et

out to meet

the

euemy.

vith boraei.
ft

The The
t\\u

dens of Yijaycshvara were crowded

qnr-ou
Ivor

mother out of great

ounigeii

affection

her son
r

a -bud

husband to grant an
sent her.trusty

*rrniitice

d.iys.

At night he

servants

Majya ami

other Brihmaiias to her"son with

the following private

message.

"How

is

it

that your

kings of Kismifru.
senses

195

are

ao
1

upset that you wish to fight against your

heroic father

For

in

the

battle

you are sure

and others?

to die.

Who

destroyed

the king of Darut

fur

And

why do you approach him

your sure destruction?

When your

father will ride, your

is

army
fire.

will

bo destroyed

eveu as grass

destroyed by the
of,

What army and

has abdicated

what wealth are you master

yourself in
hia

that

you aro engaging

battle

with

him?
it

He
alone.

kingdom ami
to

you
yon,

enjoy

What harm
retired
into

has boon done

a holy plaoo
i

now that ho has

advi.so

Thoso who

you

to war, are hurling

you
to

iuto ilan^V,

ami

in

few days you will be reduced

poverty.

T.iko

away your

nnny

so

long I

live,

apprehend no harm from your

by entreaties."
sengers,
this

father.

Assungo him
the

When Kalashu
by
th.it

heard from
his

meswith-

messago sent

mother,

ho

drew

his

army
this,

very night.

The queeu mother

The

heard of
to

and

filled

with aifuotion for her son, went

her husband in the morning, and rebuked him.

battle

was thus averted by

the queen.

But through

the advice of bad

men

the minds of both father and the

It

sou sometime remained clouded.

such* circumstance; $iat

was natural under

the peace established between

them should be frequently disturbed. When not iu the company of his queen, the old king became very often
incensed at the acts of his sou
;

but when she was near,

she

"

used

to

assuage his

anger.

Thus every day

of his
grief

lie

was grieved and wtu

ai^aiu

relieved

and

jS

kings of EAanafftA.

cacmblud tho bike in

autumn,

alternately

disturbed

and

tranquil.

The son

destroyed

the

house* of his

father's partisans, hut the father

was under the influence

to

by

his queen,

and did nothing

iiy

the

partisans

of hia

son.

Tormented

the

queen who doted on her son

king always
the

and by harsh words of

remained grieved. from his son
to bo

his followers, tho old

IIo intended to snatch

kingdom

whose army and partisans he believed

except only Jimluruj.i

weak,

whom

ho considered

to be pnmowlmt powciful.

Willi this purpose he invited

the sons of Tanvaiu^'a who

to
ruiifii

had enmity with Kulnsha

over

the

country.

The queen

saw

this

danger

to

her dynasty and sent messengers that very

uiybt to invite Harsha with a

view to make him king.

his jrraud-mother, Ilarsha

invited
felt

by tho messengers of

soma encouragement.
and passed

He

freed

himself from

tho

mounted guards who were plueed round him.

fast,

Ho

rode

five

yojauau

iu half a

Eshaua, so that

the horses of the guard*, which were inferior to that of

the prince,

were

tired

in

the attempt to overtake him.

received

Both

his

graudf'trher

and grandmother

him

with, joy as he fell to their feet.

When

the youti" prince, Kulashor's son, went to tbe old

king, Kalusha trembled for fear.

He wished
all

for peace and

desisted from his ill-advised attempts nuninst his parents.

He

scut lui'viengpra to them, stopped

;

disturbances

in

the country

and

for a short

time reluctantly submitted

to the instructions of his

mother.

The

lord of

KampaUa

KINGS OP KiSHJlfr.A,

197

was under the orders 0/ Kaltuha proceeding to the country

c
lie

Khasha; according

to the advice of the

queen mother
was allowed

owned

subjection to the old king,

and

passage by him.

lu order to prevent further distur-

bances in the country, the Brihmauas commenced certain

secret rites
to

do-itroy

both the father and the son.

When

peace was concluded between them, the father at

the ve<meit of hid son lived the capital for two

>Sit>pec'iii<;

with the <jutcu mother in

it

months and

half.

hou'iA-cr that
iulondi'il

hii
t'<

Hon,

at the

iiusl ij,'ation

of

J.i}

muuli!,
oJlt

impmon
il

him,
a

the

old

m,m
!i'"vr(

went,

of
:it

tho
.l.iyi

i>

iptl

with

horrowfnl
fvalasha
killed

and
the

lived
for.i'^o

Ji'.jr'i.

At

night

burnt
hi'i

of hit

father's

hoivs
jioiinncl

mul
j>vms

font boldierd
artifice.

with

firo

and

and

by

Tho enmity

b.-tnueii

Ihjin kindled
fur

a^nu,
s'ui,
s,

and die quecu blinded by her

(df'ccijii

her

pitwtod
projtitute,

Iter

husband from

retaliatiui;.

Title lived

-Kaivarta

by

ca->te,

had a submissive and very wily

named Ladva, and she paramour named Thakka

Ddwara.
o.ill

Nov, king Kalasha was pleased to hear

men
But

his parents by tho

names
pair of

of the above pair.

his pnvdtits

bestowed

n*

human

images of gold

e.mal to their
their grief.

own

weight, in charity and so beguiled

their sou found

When

that they had re-

mained unrufflbd by

hi -3 natincal allusions

and had riches

fire

enough ty carry out their works ho set Tho fir burnt the house of god plaofl.

to

their

Yijayesbvar.-v

198

KINGS Of KiSHMflU,
it

and tho sacred things

contained.

The queen whs

of

grieved to seo every thing destroyed and attempted o

commit

suicide,

but was forced out

of

tho burning the preceding

clothes

house by tho sons

night the soldiers

Tanvangga.
off

On
their

had taken

when

going

to

bed; and when

they rose the next morning

themselves with, every thing

they had nothing to cover

being burnt.

Kala-sha stood on the terrace of his palace,

rising to

and saw the flames

joy.

the sky, and danced with

tiling destroyed, crossed

Tho old king seeing every Tho quoim found

in

tho river, but was drowned with his

grief.

wife

in the sea of
lingo,

the morning a

unburnt

which was mudo of jewels and which she sold for seventy
lacs to the Tukfta.

With

this

moiioy she bought

food

and clothes for the

servants, nud repaired the burnt house.

The
day.

king found so vast a quantity of gold, &c, from

this

the embers, that iU nariutiou astonishes one even to

Wheu

tho pl.ico

,is

reduced

to

wilderness, the

king lived there by buildup huts of the baiks of Nada.

Though he had
doing.

Ke.ulh. and
not,

was willing

to re-build the

town, yet ho could

get

his sou's permission for so

It wi.i tliiu that the son

who had obtained

Wishing

the

kingdom by mere chance, and who was

toother's affoctlon, harrassed h!s futher.

protected'-hy his
to seud
hit

hi? patents

war, he
t'lld
uri>. I

rip> utudly smut

messengers to

father

and

him
him

to to

go and

live at Parnotsa.

His
be-

queen ul*>

do the same, whereupon he

iu the preseuce of

came angry and rcuukod

hw

Tanvangga

suras op KisinrfRA.

199

and Thakkana,
fluch as

usiftg the"

following harsh language,

ho had never
fame,
heroism,

used before

:"

ITave

not

lost

glory,

kingdom,

spirit, setiso

and wealth

by beiug subjected
that

to the influence of

a wife? They say

;

woman id useless appendago to man but in his last man becomes a plaything for woman. Who has excited the jealousy of a woman but has fallen a victim to it? Some women have robbed their husbands of
days
beauty, sotno of their strongth,

some

their iutelloct,

and

Homo

their

lift;.

.As

rivora in the rainy season bring rocks

in

from tho
tho

hill*,

oven KoAvomon,
not
their

the pride of youth,

fill

oarth with sons

seo

buioUou by their husbands.

And when they

thoiu,

huibauds
I

old, thoy disregard

and lovo

thoir children.

have known
1

my

wife's

faulM, but in order to avoid quarrel, did not

mind them

much.

And now having marred my

rob
tho
;

worldly happinesg,
future,
life.

she attempts to
old

joys of

my

am

ami near
I

my

death

where should I go, leaving

disturb

Vijayakshetra
thou^hti,
sius
?

Why

should I

with

anxious

my
is

devotion to Jlahadeva who

the savior of hii father both in
;

can cancel
this,

A son
1

and

in

the

future world

but who has

a sou like this of

mine
dio

He would
is

drive

me from
I

this shrine,

and wish me

in

an uuholy

place.

now
in

fully believe the

rumour
is

that

Kalasha

not born of me.

When

the son

different

from his father

form and character, and

his father,

quarrels * w;th kinsmen,

and loves not

know

him

to be illegitimate."

Thus the long

suffering

king re-

200
lieved
his

KINGS OT KiSHlrfHA.
mind, and by expressing his thoughts
feelings of his
wife.
inflicted
thei"e

a
is

serious

wound on the
tradition

For

the

that

when the queen had

lost

her

named Prashasta. The queen became very much ashamed when the secret
child

she had brought the child of one

about her sou's

relatives,

illegitimacy

was revealed before her

and

husband. husband,

woman, thus abused- her For when a woman who has subdued her
like

a vulgar

is

rudely

spoken
kicked

to

by him,
lie-id.

slio

feels

as if she had

been
does

ou tho

" This poor

wretched
place

man
to

not

know
hia

to suit hip

words

to tho

where ho

speaks them.
after

At ono time ho had

so

no cloth

woar

bath,
lost

tho

peoplo can

well conceive

what

ho

bus

through
wotunn

mo.
of your
?

You
faT
I

have

abused

me

as au unchaste

mily, why do you not then make atonemont now

les3

se-

and

old,

driven by
I

your son, as you

are,

from

your kingdom,

fear lest

people would say that your

wife too has forsaken you."

hurt wheu thus abused,

the blood was seen issuing

but

The king was very much sat mute and calm ; but

out below his seat.

When
king' in

tho queen was anxiously hurrying about to

the
blood
issued,

know whence
the

Thakkana saw

that

acger had impaled himself with his own sword.

felt

The king

ashamed, and told him to report that he had dy(

sentery

Rnkt'llUdi'ti

).

Kings

who are guided by

an
insignificant

women,

or are spoilt of wealth by their soas,*or trust

servants once proved faithless, or allow

KUTG3 OF KiSIBlflU.
"

201
the
re-

enemy
port
pressed
.

to gain power, -5-soon lio.

Tlmy spread
anil

that

the

king had one day, vihen riding, been op-

by the autumn sun,

a.

when
real

thirsty,

had

drunk from

paddy Hold and hud thus got the malady.

not

So that the outsiders knew

death

the

cause

of his

whioh

occurred

in the Ka.ihniiriun era 57, in the

month Karttiku on die duy

pod
Vij.tyo
ilia.

of full

moon, before the

Ui liuvod

of

the

tyranny of his wife

and

win,

the

good king stretched hia legs to sleep hia

di'.ilh

long bleep.

In

he

ft

us
i

h.tppy.

lie

was never
Iiim.

an^vy uilh any one,

Tin'

inn;

wa any one angry with

was
laid

di'iwiidtnl

of
v.ith

Siiii'";raiiiai,'ij:i
11

on

the

ground, eovri'd
iviiy.

shout,

if

ho was not loved by

Viile,

Unmoved
wordj he

by

tin:

cue

of hit

nor angry at
died as
to
if

her

hlt.pt

hii

loin;

sleep,

lie

to

atone for tho lnroh

word* he Ind

usud

his

wife.
if to

His grateful

queen now honored his remains

ns

atone for her unkiudiiess toward-; her liuiband uow dead.

She gave
the

fl.iily

salaried
so

to all

from

the

Rajpoots

to

Ch.mdal-LS,

th

it

hnr husband might be debtless.

paid,
iu

The herv.tuU
the
fur

bein-.'

now

she uniirdcd the rest of

treasurer

h -.trded

the

temple of Yijayeshvara

thS benefit of her'giMudstra.

fe*:t

Her grandson
her

laid hia

head on her
vi.ied

and wept, hhe

sialic

head and nd

him

tint to tru^t his father,

iiros-i

Suffering from excess

last cere-

of grief, the qu-'en

and performed the

roouie-, iuid j/iiiirdi-d H.o corpse heraelf.

Having ordered

oue Imudre 1 hor.semeu to protect her graudaon, she sent

202
tho corpse
of her

KINGS OF KASHJlflU.

husband

in.

mfuviM, and

after

bow-

ing to the god Vijnyufihilna, herself set out on

a chariot

drawn by a
portion
of

pair,

after passing a

day and night, and a

the
lier

the succeeding day in

service

of her

husband's body.

She accompanied
nuisiu

dead

lord, list-

ening to
of the
riage

the

funeral

mingled
to
lill

with

the

erica

people

which
the

seemed
corpse
so

all bides.

The

car-

on

which

w.u
bright

borne was adorned

that
it

with
the
tlto

banners,
of

and wan

reflected

figures!

mwi
the
it

win*

s>tot>d

round and the hair of

in

(subject) kings

which waved
soldier.*

the

air

like

Chato

mara.i.

Whon
and

had douo due

tho

honor

the

dead,

win

evt'uin<<

qnouu arrived
a/Footion for

at

the burning ground.

sou,

Whether thnnigh

her

or for

soma other reason she

moment.
tihe

felt

a desire to huh
that
the
iluat

her sou at that

fancied

which was raided by the air wa-*

of her son with his soldier-i,

caused by tho approach

and she waited anxiously.

the
if

At
led

this

momeut some men approached by

capital,

road that

to the

and bhe asked them

was uuming
to

Kalasha was
mis-

coma.
trustful

Her son
persons

too

her

when some

told him that thure nifcht be danger iu

the step, and so dissuaded him. "-Thus disappointed, she

.ordered

some water from the

:

river thus

"Those

Vitasta,

and addressed the

would surely have

wh'i

are dead,

received salvation, if they hud drunk thy water."

When

the water was brought to her, she touched

those mistrustful persons

it

and cursed
the meeting

who hud prevented

Kisas of Kisuutai.

203

'between
perish
.

herself

and

l\pv

son*

'

Those who have caused

will

mortal enmity betwuen

with
(ill

us and our son,

shortly
Sea.,

their race."

JaySnauda, Jiuduraja,
repel

soon died of this curse.

In order to

the

imputa-

tions brought against her fur her confidence iu Ilaladuara,

alio

swore by her hopesi in

ill"

future world
e-it.ibliihed
c.>rrin<jo

that

she was

innocent.

And
the

thin

huw.14
!.
lit
,(

her fame sho

suddenly jumped from

fire.

Mo

into the burning

And

fl.iiii"i
'

ro

und

ruldi-ncd

the sky and

appeared to

tin' pcipli'

if

u were painted iu a picture

Anions the
were

sei-vfinN wh-i fullounl the old King to

death

fciiou:;,idhfir;i,
iiki
i

TtlJ.il'iiiMh

i,

J>.iud><krt,

the clifiriotoer

TA\udil
the Inn
1

ami

Kik.iv.il_
I

K'

nitu tnul

Khhematu of

i<f

V.ippata ;ind

dbh'ih 'wre

iho favorites of
to

the king, they lived at Vi i\,-nv,iii

pleasure,) of
Jife.

luliU'urent

the

The

win,

iinl \,'iiyin_r
fi.i_.ile

temperament
of

of our
fd.M-i.

mind are inconstant

,n

vmels made
is like

hut that which t.iku imir

i

cur heart

Strom; instrfiuiput which nev

b.-ioincs blunt or is

worn

out
died

The

late

kiii?

inn ov

,
*

M-ty-iu e years

when he
aud

Uu

the fourth d iy affe

collected

thur death, the sous of

iea
$.

Tuiivitu^gitr-tjcii

the

in

of the Lite king

ijii.-en^ind

tmk theiu

K the

(J. in

On the other hand,

of her
f.ither

U,irh<i

haw ^ got
',)_li.j,-

the wealth of his

y.iued by Borne

prttiulmotber at Vijayeshvara, am'

rotainen>,

quarreled with
t,t

hi

father.

Both the
but
to

and the son were then

\ ij.ijeshvura,

on
his

the breaking out of the quarrel, the father went

201
capital

kings
while
feared tho

oi'

KAsnafai.

aim

remained , there.

The

penniless

futhcr

his rich

son uml *ont messenger to him

he treated fur peace, and invited him.

The proud sou

was at
gers

List

persuaded by tho solicitations of the messenHont to him, to reluctantly

repeatedly

make peace
the

with his father.

The

father
son,

was

to

protect

person

aud property of tho

and

tho Hon to

pay a certain

amount

to

the fathor every d,iy.

Il.irsh.i,
boftir-j,

When
his

Ivulashn. entered

Vijayoshvura to receive
the houses ho had burnt

eyes

ached
were

to

aoo

awl

his card

filled

with
his

tliu

reproaches of the populace.

witli hi. treasure

Accompanied by

sou who uame

;

tho kilig entered the

seal

capital
of

and the treasures wore sealed with tho

Us

turn.

Knuu

this time

the king

turned virtuous,

and learnt frugality which dispels poverty.

rolative

of tho

liiiijj

u.itncd

Nayaua who
lie

lived at
l)&-

Selyapura,

had a son uamed Japyaka.

tiio

turned a

mara, hecatje rich by soiling

other countries;

produce of the place

iu

aud was

avaricious.

Every

>iay

he

caused the ground

tu he du:j to the estout of a krosha

and a

half,

deported hn Dinuaras, and then sowed the

lie feared lest hid

ground with grain.

sited

men who

depo-

the coiu should

betray

t\:e

secret,

aud privately

murdered mauy of them.

to

take surac of
fled. his

One day when he intended the money out of the store, his men
vine creeT;he'

suddeuh
pers,

horse got entangled in tho

killed

aud he was
this

hy

a foot

soldier.

king

obtained

wealth from

uudvr the ground, aud be-

KIN'GS OP KkhmittUi.

205
coin

came

rich to the

end

<>f

hiii days.

The

was be-

smeared with mud, and as day and uiyht n,ashed ia tbe

stream of tho Vitasta,
for acver.il
tso

that
is

its

natcra rcinaiucdiiuiddy
that
tho
avaricious

months.
c

It

str.uijjo

and rich men

their
kin,'

mnot give away

in charity, nnr enjoy

wealth,

hut leave them

fur othcid.
a.s

The fortunate
the

got wealth by various means; even

vaii'HH

streams
the sea.
tree,

flW by
Bird

channels,

but meet at

la-it in

from virioua ^nart it meet, at uighl

wealth fluw
fntuii.it
i

in

one

tven so

of itself

Fnir.i
i

wmom

quarters and
tho
'ley,

meets the
iinl
i'

ia iu
i

It

mi do
ven

ocii'l fiuin

illiM't,

m'si

uili

by
<

m uij

oh
fi

much and
tin
1

pasioijis

over
litlo'l

tin'

HunMiindini,' hind,
i

ii

ft.rtiuiute

m-ui

uith ludu

by

dio>w ways
bis fither

Tho kiuy
protect bis

iv>n

berime as mmdlul i-

was to

men.

Though cfouoimcil
good works.
Ifc

a> a nifiiliniit, yet

he was
the pist
v.

liberal in

jursminlly inspected

I'vpeu.litura

and calculated the future; and

bhurj.i

mild

nor be

aw.iy fioiu hi*

(leif)

and khant

nki (ilmk).
proper prices,
t>

He
8ef>n

us2il

t\>

buy

jewels

hiru&elf

that uo dealer c >uld deceive hirn.

after

He

could

not bo

noon

kni-w every thing

relatiior to his people

bvlnpan^

of bid "pies, except per iap3

their dreamt).

His kingdom he cousi >red as his home,,

in tho

and there wjs no pauper

all

untry.

causes of disturbance from tbe kingdom.

thieves

He removed He did not

no wealth h

punish* tjie

too

severely.

He

lost

which was saved by

liii

ministers'

advice, but \>\\a*

206

KINGS OF XASHMflU.
lost

was

by tho

ministers,*

he mado up by other weans.

feasts,

His kingdom was always gladdoned by marriages,

operas and great festivals,

and by absence of poverty.

The king devised

rules so that those

who succeeded him

might govern the kingdom without superintendents even

in the time of festivities.

In the meantime, Thakkana

and two

others, sons of

Tanvaugga with

their servants

Mnlla and others, sons of Gunggu, returned from foreign

country (tho banks of the Ganges whither tlioy had gone
with the bones of the lute king,) and tho king
thein with money.
dition.
satisfied

Walla lost his brother iu the expe-

Though the king had attained his maturity,

suffered

still

he
evil

himself to be advised by evil men, and did

things.

One named Yulliya, tho

increased the

Talcka,

brought him

girls of different tribes

and nationalities from Turushka.

The king thus

his

number

of his

women

in

house

to

seventy-two.

Though

excessively adfish-

dicted to womeu,

he kept up his vigour by taking

festivities

soup,

ibc.

On

days of religious

he used

to

eat the offerings paid to gods.

Possessed of qualities,

both good and bad, he did not renew the stone temple
of Mahadeva at Yijayakshetra after

it

had bee

burnt,

but raised a high golden umbrella to the god.

At

Tri-

p'lreshvara he fixed a permanent income for the Shiva

there,

and made a house

for

him

of pure gold.

He

set for

up a god named

Kalasb.esb.vara,

and built a.temple

him

of stone,

and bestowed innumerable golden

uteu-

kisos of kAshmIra.
-ails

207

to

it.

The king waited

te set a

golden umbrella over

tl\p

god ; aud a mechanic came to

him from Turnshka

of gold

and told him that many thousand pieces

,

would
the art

ho required for the umbrella.

of plating copper with gold.

This

man knew
iu

While engaged

prepar-

ing the
king.

umbrella he lived in the court, favored by the

The minister Normka was wiser thau the mechanic,

was finished with
little gold.

aud learnt tho art of covering copper with gold, and

wi tho umbroll.i

The

ouor-

iiiimsly rich kins,' set

up a linga named Anantesha aud

king of RAjapurf died aud

other images of godi.

At

this

tiinS

tiahajap'ria

w.w succeed" d by
uncle
{

his lion

Hanggr'imapala.

Tho

king's

father' a

brother) tho

powerful

Madanapala
young
for

attempted to snatch tho kingdom from tho hands ot

the boy.
lister

Afraid

of

Madanap41a tho

king'h

and Jas.waja. the Thakkura came

kelp to

tho king of

K&hmfra.
them
others.

The king was

back,

pleased with

them
nauda,

ami

-sent

accompanied by Jaya-

Vijja

and

Jayanauda drove the enemy

ministers therefore wished
to

from the country, aud became as powerful as the ministers of

ft-r

SanggramapSla.

The

liiv

departure and*' tried

frighten

him

iu vari-

ous ways,
it

but

iu

vain.

Jayanauda

suspected that,

was Vijja who advised the people of Rajapurf to act

thus towards him and became angry with him.

people*go.ve hint riches

The

aud prayed

for his departure.

On

tho pretence of keeping the kingdom safe from

erit'inie*,.

208
he
left his

KINGS of KlsmifnA.

army

there,

audTeturn,ed to Kashmfra.

king of Kfishmira was very

much

pleased with

The him 3
Vijja

he had managed to keep Rfijapuri under control.

and others conducted themselves in a kingly

style.

At
his

this

time Jayc'uafida was suddenly carried

off by
to of

a mortal disease,

During his

illness the

king came

houso to enquire about his health.

In the course

a conversation he told the king that he had something

very privato to say to the king.

Whoa
silent,

the other people

had gone
was
still

out,

he

still

remained

when

Vijja,

who

there, catno out

betol

on pretence of throwing

off the

remnant of tho
Vijja
still

ho was chewing.
to

'The king trusted

to

and asked him as

the sensible Vijja

what he had

do

outside,

loitered there.
Vijja

JayAnanda then

told the king

what

had done at R&japuri, and

would be the ruin
of

warned him that

his kingdom.

Vijja's prosperity

He

also

showed the kiug how

Vijja, had,

through bis pay, and by his other gains, became very

rich.

The king became suspicious towards Vijja, and when he returned to his palace, Vijja perceived his intentions,

and asked leave to depart.

The king out

of

politeness

at first denied the permission, but on

his

urgent solicitation, gladly allotted him to go.

'Having
all

reached his bouse he sent his brothers with

furniture out of Kashmfra,
to bid

his

and again went

Vijja

to the king

htm

adieu.

The king and

whose minds
for.

vjero naturally estrauged

from each other

political

reason a, both behaved in

a strange manner.

The king

KlJfOS OF KiSUJlflli..

200
uor did tbu

did not prevent his .servant's departure,

servant reproach his king in auger.

The kiug accomAs Haladhara

The king
at
s.u

panied Vijja a few steps,

and smiled and talked on

ordinary topics, and then went away.

tiiu

time of

iiis

death had accused Jiuduraja, even

post.

Jayauanda ousted Vijja from his

did not

listen to the adviee of his ministers to soothe Vijja's

auger

hy money.
from

The people followed

him.
this

Vijja believing that the

king would surely recall

att.tck

The king

feared

au

powerful
lit

man and

did not sleep for five

lnghtu suul hturtotl even

\
]|)ii

tho waving of a grass.

When

had p;mc\l Slnirapura, the people who followed hint

lL'tumoil,

and tho king's

fe.ir

:n allayed; ami he told

hi*
this,

mmiatiuts of tho apprehension he

had
1'a

felt.

Hearing

they advised him to sice on

;

Vijj

wealth, hut the

king dul not follow the aduco

and they knew tint the any dibturbance uu

king was
his way,

politic.

Tijja did not create

and was everywhere honored.

power yet he

Thoagh he had
to his king

attained

was ever true

and

revered hiru a3 a god.

Thus causing
naudtt gained

Vijja

and others to be
wealth,

exiled

Jaya-

much

but soon, died through

the

the eurye of
h.ime time kiug.
so

Suyynmatk"
died Jiuduraja
too

By

same curse and at the

quarrelled with the,

who had

Vijja

aud his brothers who had attained

died through the effect of that curse at

much wealth

210
Oaucla.

KINGS 01 KiaHJlffU.
Vijja died of a suu'den d'sease, and his younger

brothers
last
fled

suffered long imprisonment.

When
killed

they ?t
tiger

from the prison, Pajaka was

after

by a

and his younger brothers died

Buffering.

undergoing much.

Madana, &o., two or three other persons who

father and, the sou

had caused disagreement between the

did not die, but became troublesome soon after.

Vstmaua who was a protigec of Jay Luanda now took

care of his children

and was niadp prime minister by

of
this

the

king.

The

works

wise

man

are

still

spoken

of in society

by wise iud old men.

The

avari-

cious king took back the -villages which belonged to god

Avantibvaroi, aud built a treasury

named

Kiila&hugangja.

He was

anxious to keep his people safe aud feared Noua-

kaB' cruelty,

and therefoie did not give him even a

fourth portion of the gain caused by him, (by electroplating 1). Prashastakalasha

aud

other sons of lUjakalaslut

then became

his favorite ministers,

and by their advice

the king brought back disobedient and wayward suus

aud thieves to ho u est work aud occupation.

Madanapala again attacked Rajapmi, aud the king of
Kashmira sent his general Vapyata for the help of the
city.
,

Madanapala was

defeated,'vcaptured

and brought

to

JvSshrnira.

Kandarpa, Vnrahadeva's
of Dvara.

brother,

was now made lord

This person had learnt

politics

and war from

conquered

Jinduraja.

He

destroyed

many DamaraBj

Kaj&puri aud other places aud was obeyed by

many

infe-

KINGS OF KASBMfRA,

L'll

nor

chiefs).

Ho

\\o#

quick tempered aud frequently

^signed hia post, but was soothed and induced by the king to accept it again. Madanti was mado the lord of

Kampana.
Dimaras.
Vijayabtnha

He

destroyed Vopa and

many

other powerful
services

The king was pleaseU with the

of

who had destroyed many thieves, and kept hanks, taado him the Pultuo Superintendent of tho capit.il. At tho time when Kandarpn, Udnyasiuba and
others went to Lulmru, the king kept iShuvauaraja aloof.
His

married lihiivauiunati,

daughter of Kirttiraja, king

with him.

of Nilupur.i,

and

tn.tdy

puaco

He induced
Pv&rn,
his party.

M ilLi, mm

uf rtuiiiga to accept tho post of lord of

pl.vco

Uking back Iho

Mall.i tu.idt: hid

fioni

Vi.j

lysiiinha

and

power

felt

by kings and bhowcit his vtdor

fifty

at

Uraia country.

With

horsemen he defeated tho

uuiuorous cavalry of king

Abhaya, and cuuipiered bis

kingdom.
In the

year C3 of the

Kashniirian era, "eight kings

came

to the king of Kdahinira

and entered the

capital,
])

namely, Kirtti, king of Nyarvvvpura, (Nilapura

Asatu,

king of Champa, Kahisha son of Tukka, king of Vallapura,

Sangramapala.kiug of Bijapuri, Utkarsha,king of Lohara,

Munggaja,

king

of

KauJa, and Uttamarija

streets

Trvasha, Giinbliira&iha, king of king of Kashthavata, The

were crowded so that they could

of the

capital

hardly be seen.

They were comfortably lodged there

of tho Vitas ta were frozen.

when the waters

these king*

Whatever

thought within themselves, was known to

212
minister YSniaua,

RINGS OF KiSUllflU. This nuuister, was very wise, aud

as if
it

did whatever was required, without haste,

wer.e

an ordinary every-day work.

When
Kondarpa

these

kings returned to their kingdoms, Matla

refused to hold his post any longer, aud the king

to

asked
at-

accept

it

again.

This proud minister

of the

tacked aud got possession, by stratagem,

fortress
of Svapika.

strong

"When he appeared in the capital

ho

ro fused, although requested

by the king, to accept the

other.

post, being grievuil for

some reason or

Praahasta-

kalasha,
to

who was employed s m,pssongor from the king

hitn to accept the post

induce

of lord' of Dvara, was

offended at Kaudarpa's haughty words, and collected some

tinned
post.

men and

placed his brother liatuakalasha in the

But the new man had become popular by means

and was not equal
liou ?

of his gold

to Kaudarpa.

Can

a paint-

ed lion equal a real

The
at

king, however,

gave

Kaudarpa
capital.

t'ue

post of the Police

felt

Superintendent of the
the
abject
conditio]] to

But he

pity

-which he reduced the thieves,

and therefore threw up

Lis

appointment and retired

Ganges.

in

sorrow to the banks of the

king caughc

At
liia

the time of his departure the

to'

hold of

garment (wishing

prevent his goin^) but

he forcibly threw away the king's band and went away

in auger.

He

was brought back to the king, who, though

much
life.

grieved, wished only to destroy his pride, not his

The

wise king

who knew the hearts of

aud

Ins servants

thus suffered the

rise

Ml

of his principal men.

KINGS OF KASHJtflU.

213

This king was excessively "fond of songs and patronized

dancing

girls,

many

of

whom
all

lie

brought from uther

a town after Lis

countries.

Near Jayavana he
largo

built

namo with
nas,

houses

contiguous to each other.

villages of lirihma-

lie also built there rows of

temples,

palaces and largo houses and gardens with tanks in

them.

At

this time the king's son

Marsha roso
talents.

to

reputation

on account of hii uncommon

tongue* of different countries,
language.-),

He knew
in

the
all

and was a poet

lie

knew, till

sciences

and

his

fame had

spread to foreign countiics.

This princo paid salaries to

tho learned and to powerful

foreign countries,
entertain.

men who came from

various
to

and

whom

his frugal father refused

Tho pay which he

meet

received from his father

was

inbiiuicient to

his charity

and espouses, and bo

he took
his

his food every other day.

He

used to sing to
tile

father like

other singers,

and with

reward he

received he'used to feed those worthy of his charity.

One

d.ty,

whtu he was

singing to the king, and the

court was pleaded with his song,

the king went out to

this interruption

the bath-room.

Angry and grieved at

and
If a

Aisult,

Harsha Kent his head towards the ground.

if

muster be unforgiving, or friends prove faithless;

a wife speaks harshly, or a sou becomes proud or servants

reply insolently, the pain and insult, though great,

may

with difficulty be borne

.1

; but not so

the indifference of

listener of song.

A jester

of tho king

named Vhdivi-

214

KINGS of Kisiwfru.

vatva told Ilarsha as iu jdst that he might destroy his

father

and

l-eign

in

his

place.

The prince

in anger

rebuked him, but

Dhammata who
affection

sat there said smiling

that the fellow had said nothing wrong.

courtiers

The ambitious
to their para-

showed

their

to

tho prince, as the

amorous prostitutes show their

mours.

affection

When

the king re-entered the court, he gave

reward to

his son,

and pleased him with kind words.

On

another day,

when the

prince,

had retired

to his

chamber

aftor dining with his father,

Vishvavatva told him

that what

the Hiuuo thing privately.

The

prince replied

his father did was right, ami forbade

topic

him
still

to continue tho

longer,

but when the

man
him

urgod the same

point,

the priuco in anger gave

a push.
his

But

finding

that tho blow

bleeding, the

had by chance hurt

nose which was

nobly-descended prince took pity on the

his servants.

man and caused the blood to be washed by He told the' jester that if he again spoke on
gave him a cloth.

that subject,

he would have the same punishment, and smiled and

The man, on account

thiuks that a

of this

gift,

thought that the innocent prince favored his proposal

as a wicked

man

woman
'

will favor

him
"

if

she hut smiles.

,.

After

much endeavour aud

the lapse of a long period,

the prince was induced to do the deed.

this sinful idea he once invited his
father,

Entertaining

aud engaged

Tfkshnas to murder bim.

But when tho king came, the

murderers

felt

affectiou for

him and did uot

strike him,

kisos of KAsmifiu.

215

nor did the son betray his purposie. And to prevent the secret from beiug divulged the Tikahnas were taken into
confidence.

But VishvSvutva himself

disclosed

to

the

king the intention of the prince. Ilarsha

this,

came

to

know of

and though repeatedly askcTd by the king's servants,

to

he did not go

the king to dine with

him that day.

His idnenca confirmed

grits? thr>

the suspicion of his guilt, and in

king and hin fmnily did not dine on that day.

When
the

in the

morning Thakknun and his brother came,

hit

kiii'4

exprcHcd
th'i

grief

and wept long, placing his

lnwl on

lap of Thakkiwia.

Ho

also spoke about

IHuiunnala m\J[ hinted Unit Dhttmmata tthould be bound

ami brought

to

him.

Tliey

i-x

preyed

their inability to

do so and pleaded

for their bruthur.

" lly your favor"

in trouble,

they said, " wo relievo those who are

we keep

our doors open at night for those in <mr younger brother be guilty or not
;

distress.

Whether

him when he comes

for help for his

how can we desert lifo. If we protect

Thus saying

bun. we wiH be accused of rebellion, so we have no other

resource left than to leave

the

country."

they bowed to the king, and the king reluctantly granted

them leave to go. Fearing an attack on the way they weat out of the couutsy with their servants and force
and troops.

When

the sons of Tanvanggn were gone, the king called

his don to

him when no one

else
:

soothed, him aud spoke thus

"Since

was in the room, and

the creation, the
father,

sou

is

everywhere kttowu by the fume of the

but

216
I

KINGS OF KASHMflU.
to
all

am known
to

owing to your far-famed merits.

are,

Meritorious,

and of pure reputation aa you

-wicked

why do

you take
with

ways ?

You

should not be angry

me

without hearing the reaaou

why

am

not giving

you your grandfather's riches and your own. The king without wealth is slighted both by his own men and
strangers,

and hence I keep yonr wealth.

city
is

After the

construction of the

completed, I shall resign

the kingdom to you and shall retire either to Varana&i

(Rciinrns)

or to

Nandik&hctra.

You

will

very soon

be master of the kingdom and the wealth.

without
the
said

Why
men
his

then
like

understanding
I

my

purpose do yon act

wicked?
of you,

do not believe what wicked

hare

so

speak the truth and acquit yourself

guilt."

of the
tion

alleged

The king out

prince might

of

affec-

wished

that

the

deny Ids

guilt

and prove himself

enqniry.
to

innocent,
to

and therefore made the

*He was willing

pardon his sou nnd wished

prove the innocence of his son to the people even

falsehood.

by a
father

Harha

praised

the Speech of his

and went out sayiug that he would speak the

faithful

truth through some

sent by
..advice

person.

To the person

his father,
of wicked
in

the prince*' said that through the

really intended to rebel,

men he had
own

and

fled

fear to his

house.

When

the messen-

ger returned to the kiug,

the king saw the miserable

struck his head with his
!

countenance of the

man and

hand and exclaimed "

my

son

KINGS OP KiSHMflU.

217
Ijq

Tim king then caused

Uic soldiers, iieaiin^ that

flursha

to

attacked, but
off his

ho

would strike

own

head

if

his sou wan killed, only surrounded the palace of

Harsha.
<,'.ite

The Tikshnas

(prince's
piiiice,

followers)

closed tlio

and surrounded the

and, feeling their death

unavoidable, thus spoke

rudely to their muster,

"

wicked, carolers ami hateful man, where can you hope to

live after

destroying

us

l>y

intrigue?
life,

You know
kno'vs
shall ho

that

your father

will .Nave
lift:,

your
hut

ami he

that

you

will

save hit

we only
Lill

killed,

fight, being in our

niiiUst,

or wc will

you,

in either

ease you die."

The

kin;*

h<urd of this and

Iii'cmiiio
tt

very

apprehensive for
respectable

hn

sou's safety.

Now

JXuxl.ika,

very

man who was

with the king, came to Hursha.

The Tikshnns admitted him taking him for a patfisau Dundaku uame to the piiiice and addressof the prince.
ed him, after bewitching those around, "
!

prince,

though you
compose you

live

a long

life,

still

the

elements which,

will
is

perish according to unavoidable, laws.

And
yuii

since death

sure and nigh, perform that for which

have taken up arms.

Yon who
learning

are young and a

warrior,

and whoso fame

for

is

widely known,

should not delay the*

shall lead,

fight.

These

will help

you and
victory

and whatever may

will he

hetide,

be

it

<oi*

defeat,

you

decked with glory.

befits

Rise and shave,

and speedily dress as

Tikshnns,
]ie

a warrior."

Be vend by

tfia

induced tbe prince and the barber to go into

tm inner chamber, leaving bis arms belaud and jumping

a

218

KI2TOS

OF

K-iSIIMfttA.

with delight, and shut the door. Then ho proclaimed

aloud to the king's soldiers that he had placed the priues
in safety,

and bade them now do their duty.

Diseases

are removed

by

medicines,

the body

is

protected from

swords by mail, and the foavs of kings are avertod by

wise men.

Tho

king's

soldiers, intending to enter the

prince's palace

with

cries,

tried to scale tho wall.

The

Tikshnas

left

tho prince in the room, the doors of which

woro

stroii",
re.st

and rushed out.

of tho

Two-or three

fell there,

and tho

proud hand issued out without

attempting

to

oppose tho assailuHs.

They then went

thorn.

to

tho temple of Sadishiva, passing that of Kuryyainatfgnurisha

aud

killing those

who opposed

Though
still

tho

king ordered his

men

not to kill bis kinsmen,

Sahaja,

his relative, perished in the affray,

aud

T ivya,

a learned
,

Brlhmaua and warrior, was killed by the enemy. So also died KSmadeva and Keslu, the latter being a native of Ivamata. Some who deserted their arm3 and attempted to kill their own partisans were captured and killed as
cowards deserve.

Ou

the sixth bright lunar day in the

month
rian

of

Ponsha
this

in the

year sixty-four of the KSshmf-

era,

fight

between the father and the son

Thus, for His oom-

caused by the courtiers took place.

panionship

with wicked men, the prince was humbled

and imprisoned.
requested to
son

The queen, Bhuvanamati, was

at

first

make peace between the father and the but when the latter was imprisoned, the proud queen ;

committed suicide by cutting her throat.

jnxcH or KidUMfiu.

210
guards over his
to

The
.-vn,

Uiij,'

placed fajfhful ministers as

and,

moved by paternal kindness, ued

lie

send him

jroml fuuil.

allowed Prtiy&ga,

tlio

prince's servant, to
to

remain by the side of his master, thinking him

mcap'ihtu of iutriguiuir.
thy kinjj
(

be

Tlio iiTtiuster, Nonalcn, advised

cither to kill

the prince

or to pluck out his

<!

yus.

The

king, whose character

became as bad as that

hrti-t, folt

a pn-ioii
<if

d/v

H<>tti<;

of the ladies beloved by

his
Uiiisj

mm.

Oho

them,

Su^.tl/i,

the yraiul-dtuigbtcr of

Tul.lu,

Im'anm the favorite of her father-in-law

ami wished

fur tne

murder of her husband.

And having
lint
Pr.i-

insulted

jVuAaki they sent jhihuii by two cooks at tho

local,

timo when the piinee used to take his

}.i^'i

lie'iid

df tliu
his

ii

cm

another c"'k, and did not give

r.it
;

th.it

diih to

master to

(md

in order to test tho

truth, the food was given to

two

d>><;->.

When

IliUslui
life
;

heard that the dntpj arc dead ho de-paiied

of his

and brhovhu;
i'.itliLi-,

this

ti

bo the Mjeret machination, of his

the food uhifdi was
daily

ho did
iiv -d

not, t-Jse

sent to

him. but

dim

li

itever food Pray.iya

cudd get for him.

for

When
f...id

tlio
v.'iit

kmy
tlm

he u-d that the prince did uot take the

tho

tlnoti.di

cooks ho sent

Pray Sup. and

the

aked-liiiu

naMiu- Pjaja^.ithtu
tho

sent for

two

I'unki
|ii>i-(.ii,

.md
uud

iiifiiriueil

kin^ about the

afttir

of the

told

him

that tlio prince

kitii.'

if

the

htiabijjum.

The

had come to kuuw employed other cooks, jet

tiike

tne

ptijict',

upprcheiuiim? danger, did not

Praji'ja

any toml,
pviwi.

hut lived on uh\t

brought him.

The

20

kixgs or KAsmifiiA.
agaitisfc

saw that every one was

hm*, autl eonsidcred each

dny that he lived as so much gained, nor trusted that lw

Avould be alive

much

longer.

The king began

copper

to

commit unheard of crimes, such

First he uprooted
the

as foretold his sudden death.

image of
(he

the Sun,
"Wishing

and then took

to

it

away

from
tios

temple.

obtain

the

propur-

of thoso

who died without leaving any

children, the

cruel king desconded to

mean

actions.

The

curses of the
oil

people and his excessive fondness for

gonorrhoea.

womou brought
temple of
all

The king now thought

(

of performing certain
llara.

ceremonies

KumbhapralishthS)

in the

Then
cure

the king's noso began to bleed,

it failed

attempts

to

or rather increased

the

disease.

SIucli

bleeding reduced him and

bed.
flesh.

he was obliged and

lost
his

to tako to

He had
lie

indigestion,

strength and
to IIarha,

was anxious

to give his to
it,

kingdom

but seeing his ministers averse

from the
hills

ho brought Utkarslm
death-bed he
distri-

of Luharo.
all,

On

his

buted riches to
of his

high and low, but not to the female*

household.

Ho then
The

asked his ministers to

bring

Haraha that ho mi^lit give him riches and send

of the kingdom.
niinibters sent

him nut

away the

ivyul guards
'1'bakkuras of

who kept watch on Uardha and plnoed the

Lulr.ir.i

in their place,

and then informed

Utkarsba of

all

that had

happened.

They then
tied

took

Haraha out to tlm d.mcing house, and

<*f

hjni,i bereft

all

his

fribnd",

to

the four-pillared room.

Oa

thu

KINGS OF KiSHlrfltA.
other

231

hand the king,*on the point of his death, told his tneu to take him to a shrine. Remembering that his disease was the result of his uprooting Tamrasvami ho
wished to take refuge at Martanda.
the king went to
kshetra.
foolish

Urged by

fear

that shriue

leaving that of Vijaya-

At
alike

the

time of

death

the wise

and the

act like children.

This action of the king

showed

his weakness,

and the good instructions he had

received became objects of laughter.

On

tho third bright

at

lunar day in
tho

tho

month of Agruhayana
Tho sounds
a boat

night

fall

king Hot out in u ;rrii\^o drawn

by a pair towards

the tmnplo of fho Hun.

of the

drum, &c,

drowned that of tbe

lamentations of the poople.

with
his

He
and
he

then went by river in

ladies.

ministers

No\t day,

at

about evening,

he reached the
life,

temple of the Sun, and there,

caused a golden image to he made.

iu the hope of

His pain was further

Ilarsha,

aggravated by his anxiety to see his eldest son

but

still

"

his

servants disobeyed him,

and

would

not bring
siyliod,

Harsha before the dying 'king.

the

The king

and opeuiug

doors

of

his

room heard

the

soughs

which the singers sang outside, and which

were composed by Har&ha. time of his death

paiu than death
divide
(tho
is

When
He

a king's order at the

to, it gives

not attended

greater

itself.

instructed

Utkarsha

to

kingdom) with his brother Hnrsha, and his

tongue 'lost the power of speech.

repeatedly the

He
and

only muttered

name

of Uarsha,

to understand his

222

KINGS OP KASHMfBA.

intentions the minister, Nonaka, brought a looking glass.

The king smiled and shook

and
the
bit his
lips

his head refusing the mirrorf

;

and muttered something

and

after a

day and a

half,

he entiroly lost his power of speech.

ministers

At
to

moment

of his dcatli he signed to his

approach him, and caused himself to be taken, by those

who were

not overwhelmed with grief, before the 'imago

of the Sun.

At

the ago of forty-nine on the sixth bright

!

lunar day in the month of Agrabiiyana n tho year sixtylive of tho

K&shmiriau era ho died.

queens died

MammaniU/t and

six

others of his

iu his funeral, us also

a concu-

bine

named Joyamati.

KayyjJ, another of his mistreiM"*

whom
late

ho had enriched with his favor, was the disgrace of

her sex.

She forgot that she was the principal of the

mistresses,

king's

and had been born of low

lover.
It

caste,

and the position of her

grieves
into

im

that

she

went to Vijayakshetra and

officers

took

her favor the

ouoe

of

the place.

Fie to the

woman who was

villagers.

beloved of the king, but brought herself down to be

au

object

of

enjoyment of the

All the

ministers were anxious to coronate

grateful minister

Utkarsha,

only the

the late king.

of coronation,

Vamana performed the funeral rites of Ou one side arose the music and songs
for the

and on the other the lamentation

dead and

funeral music.

difference

now

arose between the

new king and

Padma-slirf.

^ija-

yamallfi, son of the late king

by queen

The

king promised to pay him every day the same amount

KINGS OF KASDllfnA.

which his father had Hbtjueathed

uflicers

to

Uarsha.

Som>

and ministers stood an securities and became

mediators.

son of
for

The king ulho allowed u salary Kayya. Women, even ijhen they
deceased husbands,
;

to

Jayaraja

are weeping

their

think

of their means of

livelihood

sons, even wlioii attending tho labt ceremonies

of

tlrtir

fathers,

speak

of their
<!w.,

future prosperity
also

and

other

n-lutivus,

servants,
hinnl.it'

entertain

soltish

thoughts

ti

manner.

.And
their

yet

stupid

men

Imttd rirhes
dren.

l>y viiuki'il

menus

f >r

wives and chil-

Tho kiny then entered

f>r

the capital, hut tho people

their

of that city wished liar ilia

siokni.tti

king

and even as u
day, thfij

dors not

feel the delights of u festal

felt

no delight in

tliit

day of

corouatioit.

On

the other hand,

when Uarsha's
he was hound

father had gonn out

to

of the capital to die,

the

four pillars

ami took no food that day.

whuti
jjiiuf.

Like a travelling merchant,

is lost,

all

his

merchandize
next
day,

he remained sunk in

On

the

the Thakkuras with

some

difficulty
ti>

made him
said,

eat something.

They then promised

bestow on him the possession of their country (Lohara)

they
his brother could not he king of both the

for,

countries.

When

he had thus been soothed, he heard of

the death of his father and he fasted.

On

the next day'

he heard of the arrival of Utkarsha into the capital,

Wheu he was weeping and

f.ithcr, his

sighing for tho death of his

younger brother the king sent a man to bathe

him.

Just when he had tiuished bis bath, sounds of

224
music arose as
of coronation.

KINGS OF EianiifRA.
the king was

now ready

for the bath

felt sure 'of

By this good omeu Harsha

getting the
ning.

kingdom, as sure as thunder follows

that time he
of

light-

From
his

met with mauy good

omens,

and

attainment

the kingdom was near at hand.

to attend to his meal,

When

his brother Bent

him a man
to

he sent the man back asking

sent out of the kingdom.

be released, and. to be
there,

Or

if

he was detained
ben paid.
1^,0

he asked that his dues might

of these
suicide
to

If

neither

were dono ho threatened

would commit

by refraining from foodf The king induced him

take his food by falsely promising

for
Iris

him

his

due.

Harsha asked

due overy day and every day the

king deferred payment till the next day.

gained time,

Thus tho

kiut;

but his conduct aroused suspicion in the

mind

of the imprisoned prince.

Harsha ouo day

all

beat

his servant Prayaga to

avert

suspicion regarding

the step he was going to take, and then privately sent

him

to Vijayatnulla,

informing

him how he had been

PraySga complained
to

imposed upon by the king.

Yijayamalla,
the younger

brother of Harsha, that his

elder pined in confinement while he was in the kingdom.

Vij&yamalla's heart was touched

with

grief,

and

after

'thinking for a long time

he expressed his doubt

as to

whether the king would hear him, but added that he

would try his best

to

have him roleased.

In the mean
to- preserve bis

time he urged on Harsha to take care

KI.NGS

OF KilllllflU.
*

2'2~>

own
{fid
T
T

life.

Thus Miyfng he sent

to devise

Praya;_'a to ITar&hadeva

began

means

fur his release.

lkur*liii,

nnw master

of the

kingdom, was puffed up

its

with vanity, and did nothing for

good ndmiuibtration.

Though

his minister.?,

Kaiichirpa and others, had helped

liim to tho throne, he refused to listen to their advice rejiirdiiiif

tho

management

<-f

the country, nor did he do

\tiiH

any
net'

tiling himself.

His only work during the day

in

to

how
s-aw

the

wcakh

his treasury iuuronsod.

Wiiuhis

nicn

that ho

did nothing v.hich might

hiii*

itiorea.se

i-tpi'ii-e,

and knew
of hit

to

be uvat iuioim.

Tho wanton
tni^cilitif'ss)

uidou-i

fit her

v.ho

were fed

only on rice und

Muitml^.i (niwituj thtlt) spread the story of his

fir
tint
jral

and wide.

His h iluts

hems

puriimotiious, he

cniild

become a

f.ivoiuitu with the subjects v,ho

had prodi and

kings before.
reeeive
his

Vij.iyamalla dtd not

pay

regularly,

prepared himself for

1.1

retiring iuto his native place; and

order to k'eep himself safe from \iolence ho requested

Luti; that tho.se v.Iio

tiie

had acted as mediator between

him.

them Lufoie niiht

granted

ciecutiipany

His prayer was

and he

set out

fium the capital and encamped

The lieuttul army came over They reminded him that Harnha waif m ptUon, and that if h, too, weut away from tin.* ktuydom it was all that, the king could wish for. They
cine nigtit at

Lavauuthar

t>

hid

aide.

t!ieieliiro*a>-kcd hint to
fipro

release

Har&hu from prinon

l-y

liu-

he went aviav.

Thus add reused

armed

boldiei*.,

2'2G

KINGS OF KiSIIUfclA.

Vijayamalla marehod back towards the capital early next

morning.
iind

Some
his

of the

Damaras heard
uiicl

of his

retuwi

knew

purpose

joined him.

Vijayamalla

thou made Madhuravatto.,

who was one of the mediators, the head of his cavalry. Nga, who belonged to the party of Vijayamalla, but who had not left that of the
kins:,

hastened to tho king with a few horsemen by way

of Padmupura, but

was delayed by some accident on

to-

the road.

Vyayuuialla, on tho other -hand, hastened

wards the capital and, encouraged by a signal of a

on the tup of a Sh;Ua
tree,

light
anil

surrounded the capital

too,

burnt tho

Ikiusph.

Jayaraja,

whom

tho

king had
the
tu

disappointed,

after

making a promise,

espoused

cause of Vijayamalla.
cutiiiidui'

Thews two princes now began

tho

as to

what they should do of tho king.

to

Vijayii-

uialla sent

message

king to intimate that ho

released,

would

retire

when Harshadova was

aud

at the
ifce.

same time burnt tho

'*

stables for elephants, buffaloes,

Coronate the liberal Ilarsha, &et aside this king who

is

as parsimonious as the merchant of the the

Khasha

tribe."
to

Thus spake
of his prisuu.
*the prison

good people of the

city,

aud went

Ilarsha and showered flowers on

When

the

him through the holes king's army was defeated, and

was deserted by the guard*, Ilarsha sent the

Thakkuras b> the army of Vijayamalla

and

afraid of

having made the king's enemies his friends, he advised

them to is uow

duliter the following massage

"Thq
lite

wisked man
will

iu

trouble,

so release

me

soon or the king

Uy me."

When

he had thus instructed

Tlutbkurut,

KlXfiS

OP KiSUMfBA.

22

and
Irfird

they

wore

deiiheratmg ns to
if

what

to

do,

lie

the bmuihI ns

some body kicking against the

door from outside. " Have they deceived me," said Ilarsha.

" Open the door,

opened
the

Thukknras."

Hut

the Thakkurua
fears

were panic-struck, mid so he controlled his

door
himself.

ami
of

Sixteen

armed men

Lohara entered the room to murder him.

Nonaka had

repeatedly told the king that the tumult would cease in

moment

if

Har^ha was lxdieaded

kin<;, changed

and the king had

anted on his advice and had sent those murderers.

diately
after

Immehoof
his

tho

his

mind and thought

ho
tnhjrht

that
<iiiij

if It.irsihiifi lifu

was sp wod now,

lie

service

liereaftiT.

therefore

cancelled

former ordur and directed his

safe from the

men

to

keep Harshft
however,

Thakkunv*.
kill

that they were to

cular
rina;,
if

He instructed them, Himhu if he sent them

ring".

a parti-

but that on the contrary they were to release

him

ho sent them a certain other

Then he
fingers,

showed thm the two rings which were on his

and told them

to

await

his

future command.

The

murderers accordingly entered the room, hut did not

kill

Harsha on the

spot.

Ilarsha called every one of

them ly name, gave them betels and made them sit down
before him.
offered

Thus

received,

the

men

took the betel*

all

and
to

left

their

arms aside and gave up

in-

tention

murder him.

The man who

the p iths
sin,

possesses

an

honest mind, and walks in

of virtue, attains

wealth

and

fume and destroys his

and

even

228
hist

KiN-aa

of kashmIra.

foe?

turn to friends.
s.xid,

The priuoo then thus

" Wliy
are

adi

them and .Servants who obey

dressed
to

you ashamed,
and you

the ordeis of their master are

for

not
will

blame. very

Wait hero

little

while

see

strange things,

and

will

observe

how
As
tigers

the

condition of
\ihich

man

changes

evoty

moment.

clouds

assume tho shapes of elephants and

and
so

serpents, afterwards descend

on earth in drops, even

the disposition of

man

constantly vuues,

and beoomei
re-

cruel or kind on

different occasions.

"We perceive

gular changes iu Nature with the

progress of time;

in

tho sumo way, do you watch tho changes' in man.

increases just before
just, before

Heat

tho rain,

and darkuoss

thickeus
to

dawn.

In tho same way, kings doomed

for,

may yet suffering may

death
spared,
had.

get kingdoms,
lead to good

as iu Nature, excessive

fortune."

Feeling Bare of
his life being

future greatness,

by the good omen of

of
after

Harsba narrated instances

happiness

good men who

attained

undergoing sufferings

like him.

To
and

while away the time he related to them

lucid

the

pare

story of Harishchaudra.

They

did not

know

that

all

the time that Harsba was so

entertaining them, he
r

was

eug.iged in getting 'uforraa-

tion as to

how

matters stood outside.

TJtkarsha thought

of
it

many

plans regarding
kill

Harsha, but at last thought

messenger!

expedient to

him, and repeatedly sent

to

to that effect.

But ho forgot

send the ring, so that

his

the murderers did not obey the messages. Finding

KINGS OF KiSHMfflA.
orders repeatedly disregarded,
ojwufc

229
all

the

king recollected

the rings

and sent Shunt, a Rajpoot of noble

him,

qualities, giving

however, the wrong ouc through

act of forlifo,

mistake.

Thus king Utkavsha, through oue

one mid take, hail to lose his

goffulncii and

The

iMurdercH, too, had heen gained over to Harsha's favor

by

his politoueis
""he

and when Shura came they believed

that
kill

had brought tho

ShiiiM for

thu;

but
riiiLj

f.ttal ring. They wanted to when tho doors were opened

and they saw thu

joy
as
tli

brought,
tho

they

danced
taking

with
Shiira

-y

fippmielind
'lli>

prince,

with thorn
HU.J
th'
1

Ilijpoot
01 h'i
fell

did

not believe

that

the

omivoyol on

for
to

lolf.wo
his

and was leaving

and ho romaineel

room, when they

fcot;

til'lUL'lltflll.

On
ed his

the other hand Vij lyamalla

Ttis dejd,

thought that Harsha and was very angry and vigorously maintainopposition. Ho intended to burn the capital, and
difficulty deterred

was with

from so doing by the king's

living.

men, who attired him that Haraha was

And

to

make him
SugiU,
husbanS.
his
is

believe

their statement,

they sent to him

IlavoU.i's

wife, clad

as a lady should

when her

alive.

Yij ly.imalla

saw

her,

and gave up
released.

intention

to

burn tho

city.
if

The king now thought*

Harsha was

that the tumult would cease

Nonaka, Pra^hast'tkalasha and others went and released

Harsha, aud.rolucUuHy relinquished
destroying
thoir intention
flowers

of

him.

The

cit'uons

showered

on

230

mmaa of KianufnA.

Harslia as he rode on horse witli tho ministers to the

Mug

iu the place of battle.

When ho
and

arrived there the

tell his

king congratulated him, and told him to go and

brother to Btop
hostilities,

after his return thenoe he

leisure.

-would settle Harsba's claims at his

Harsha
his

consentod to do so and went out.

The king with

ministers entered the treasury, leaving the field of hattle.

When
with joy.

Vijayamalla saw
in,

Harsha, now safely delivered

he was for a time motionless
and, embraces
they

from the dangers ho was

And

after

salutations

began a long conversation. Thos'j who stood by expressed

their wish that

Harsha would

kill

Utkarsha and be

king.

Vijayamalla did not approve of this proposal, on

which

Harsha
and

was
fro, his

surprised.

He

saved himself by

riding to

person being the object of contenbrothers,

tion between the two

Utkarsha and Vijayafrom forest

fire

malla.

As the

tree whioh is saved

by

rain fears the thunder-bolt,

alligator

as one after

escaping the
so

runs the risk

of death

by drowning, oven

man

is

saved from one danger and thrown iuto another

so that the happiness that succeeds
relished.

Toy Pate,
all the

may

be

more

Some

of Harsha's

foot-soldiers

discovered that their master was saving himself'bn'pre'

tence of riding and joined him.

Harsha consulted Vijayamalla

for

a time, and thou

went to the king to Bay that the hostilities had ceased. But whea he was entering the palace where the king was bo was forbidden to do
so

by Vijayasiuha.

" After

kings or KASmiiEU.
escaping
death," he^ouquiitjd,
!

231

" why aro yon again enRelinquish,

tering there to die,

You

of little sense i

your

four,

and go and take your seat on the throne."

The servants brought tho throne from tho treasury,

and ILirshu hastily sat on
formerly exerted so
seat
tion.
it,

SiTgala, his wife,

who had
took her

much

against

him,

now

by
">

hit bide

and tho ministers oamo to his coronathis,

Heuiing of
from

the wily Vijayasinha drew out

in another

ITtkii'itha

his

chamber and placed him

king.

room.
dants,

The
to

Into kin?

was now taken, with but few attenProsperity

lasts

the

sow
!

not foe

over

whh

any n\o

Vij.tyasinha

then placed
of
it.

Utkamha
lFar-<h.i

under

guird

and

informed Harvha

thou employed tho Th'ikkiuns, with

whom

he had been

acquainted in his
himself
s>afo

ptijon,

as

his

own

guards, and felt

from Vijayamalla.

On

the other hand,

VijayamalU heard that HarsLa, his elder brother, had.

become
Harsha's

king, and

went

tu

him and was

near,

well isceived

by

men and taken

to his

(Vijayamalla's)

house.

Wheu
to

the king's

army came

he caused Tijayamalla

be brought to him and btyled

ing that,

him
life

his deliverer, say-

''

you have given

his

me my

and kingdom;"
favored by the
Harslui
,

and clashed became

hands Uvfore him.

Thus

gods and by his own judicious management,

king.

He

sat

on tho throne with the very

clothes that

he had wheu in piiiou.

And when weary

all

with tho

toil,

he lutuvd to his bed at night leaving

cares aside,

lie cuiild not sleep, though he lay with his

232
eyes
shut,
for

kings or KlsnufBA.

be

fanciect

he

heard the sound

of

slaughter.

Utkai'Bha,
advioe.

now a

prisoner, asked

of his

ministers for

follows in the

Nonaka rebuked him and spoke to him harshly as " You did not' listen to the advioe I gave you
:

morniDg now attend to

will befall

my

words, and I shall

tell

you what
insulted
Trill

you

for your injudioious acts.

You

deliver

Harsha when he was imprisoned, tomorrow he you to the hands of the oxeoutioners. There
;

is

no

respito but in death

but even
is
oy,er.

death
r

is

hard to
to

attain,

now

that tho

war

It is

not proper

robuko a person in time of

of present bappiuess,

distress.

You always thought

lost all.

and not of possible adversity, and

therefore in

moment you have

cloth
it

As a

small

hole in a worn out

becomes larger the

more

you attempt to sew

hundred times worse."

up, even so a bad action, when

strengthened and supported by bad means, becomes a

When

TJtkarsha heard this, he

retired from the presence of the ministers into another

inner chamber with one of his mistresses, named

Sflhaj6.

Ho

pretended
;

to

be

going

to

repeat

the

SandhyS
in the

prayers

but there he hid himself in the dark, and

excess of hia grief he cut the arteries of his throat with

r

a cloth-cutting knife. Sahaja heard the sound made by the knife, and saw -with terror the stream of blood
flowing out of the screen.
ing,

She then saw his head hang-

and thick blood issuing out of the wound.

conduct
is

Her
love

subsequent

edifying

to

wives

who

"

KINGS OF EASHltfRA.
their

233

husbands,
her,

NfgUt goes away leaving the moon

sets,

behind

but when the sun

evening follows bim.

The conduot of women,

too, in tho

same way,

ia

some-

times blameable and some timos^praiseworthy.

Though

KayyS and Sahaja were both beloved

Sahara was a dancing girl in a temple

of their husband,
ill

yet every one praised tho latter and spoke

:

of the former.

the late king saw

bar once in a dancing hall and made her bis mistress.

She

purified her lovs

hIio

by perishing

in fire.

When

she was

a prostitute,

was also beloved of Harsha, and though

livo

Harsha now asked her* to

turn away from
a
littlo

with him, she did not

death.

Utkarsha died when ho wai

younger thau twenty-four years of ago, and after

twenty-two days.
His corpao lay
for

reigning for

one
mis-

night and was burnt on tho morning.

tresses

Soma

of his

who were then among

fire.

the hills of Lahara also

perished by

Harsha's party

now disarmed
die

the late king's ministers,

but Nonaka resolved to

arms.

and did not give up his

Prashastakalasha, however, induced

his

him to lay
bis
bis

down
them

arms,

telling

him

that the king must release

is

in time, as otherwise

there

no one to be
to sacrifice

ministers.
life.

Consequently

it

was not wise

alias

The king then had Nonaka Thus

in

Huns, SihlSrasent

bhatta, Prashastakalasha,
to prison.
as if it

&c, bound, and

by* the gods,

them

one day Harsha created a revolution

bad been achieved

234

kings of EisnidnA.
reigns of other kiDgs- have,, been
difficult

TLe
it

narrated; but

is

to narrate the present one.

Here

I shajl

relate king Harsha's character.

He was

full

of energy

but

possessed traits

of

character

inconsistent

with

each other.
all rules.

He

devised various laws, but also subverted

felt

His power was

on

all

sides,

and yet was

frequently disobeyed.

He was very charitable, but at the same time plundered many people. He wao very He did many good kind, but caused mauy murders. Ho was both loved and hated, as woll as sinful acts.
was
both
ill

good
of.

and

bad,

and

Was
cf

admired and

spoken
for

Surely he

was made
his birth

atoms of

fire,

even at the tiuio of

great

men

could

not look at him.

His prowess was not equalled either

gods,
it

among men
earrings

or

might among Dfiuavas.

stius,

His

were bright as

and ho wore a crown

lion.

and a turban.
wore beafd, and
lie

His look was like that of a

lie

his shoulders were like those of a bull,

had long arms, and was

broad, and bis waist

of a

somewhat dark comchest

plexion.

His body was of proper proportions. His

was
as

was narrow, and his

four large bells

voice

deep
super-

that of clouds.
beings.

In form he could

shame even
at

human

He hung

the four

lion-gates that

he might know by their sound when any

one was coming to speak to him.

He heard

the com-

plaints of the grieved, aud relieved their misery.

In the

palace there was none meagerly clad, or clad in unwVought

cloth, or

without

gold

ornameuts.

Numerous

people

kings of KlsmifeA.
gathered at the lion-gates, "and
it

235
if

appeared as

the

wealth of various countries was collected there.

The new

numerous ministors and guards walked

adorned with gold ornaments.
kiug,

in

the palace
tho

Thus reigned

and implicitly followed- tho

advice of Vijaya-

malla.

Tho court was

advise

filled

with Vijayamalla's men, whose

out of gratitude
;

tho king followed

and

dis-

regarding his
ters.

own men ho gave

Vijayasitiha,

posts to his Cither's minisat

Kandarpa "was placed

Dvfira,

Madaua

at

Kampana, and

&c,

in their respective posts.

When

his

nuwr
many

abated,

Ito

released
their

Prashastakalasha
posts.

and others and gave them

lecting the
evil acts

own

But

recol-

douo hy Nonnka, and being angry with him, Ilnrsha impaled him with his half brother
(son of his nurse.)

found himself

iu difficulties

Sub equontly, however, when ho ho remembered Kanaka, the

is

wise and faithful to his master, and repented -of his deed,

A worthy man,
service
to us.

though he does us injury,

sometimes of

other Rajpoot a,

Nonaka was impaled by Vibhabhatta aud but not before he had seeu his wife
and nose being cut
}iis

mutilated, her ears

off.

The king

bestowed wealth
captivity.
ter,

on

servants

Sunna,

son of Vajra,
out,

who had shared his was made prime minis;

the people generally

and when the king was

for

mistook his minister

the

king.

This Sunna had

chief

a younger brother, named Ydyar&ja,

of his attendants,

who was made

and

v, as,

loved by the king more dearly

236
than even his
for his

KINGS OF EiSHMfBA.
life.

Dhammata,* who
to the

for his tenderness

two brothers had gone

his

banks of the Ganges;-

now returned with

for

nephews to Kashmira.
lost his

The

king,

whom Dhammata had

elder brother,

now

honored him and his nephews and looked on him as

his

own self. Thus when

the king and Vijayamalia were administer-

ing

the kingdom
his

the

latter,

instigated
to

by
rebel.

-wicked

men, changed
give
it I

mind and -wanted

to

Why
to

tho

kingdom

another

after
'

conquering

Thus advised
his

by

the wicked,
to
to

he

wished
the

usurp the kingdom,

of

and began
Intending

plan
kill

death
in

elder

brother.

him

solitary

room, ho invited Harsha to a religious

feast

which he instituted.

The king know

his

purpose, and

fearing an attack ordered his

army

to be collected. In the

meantime, when the army was being ready, Vijayamalia

stole

horses from the royal stable and attempted to get

away

from the city with the horses forcing his way

In his
flight

through the king's army.

horse with his wife.

he fought with

superhuman bravery with the royal army, seated ou

his

Untimely

rains,

which

fell

everywhere,

bewildered the
hot,

people about

thisT time.

The

contest was

covered with arrowa.

d&las) pursued

and prince "Vijayamalia was The sons of Chondaka (Chana

determination
was implicated
in

him

with

to

kill

* See pages 211

5.

This

person

Harsha'*

rebellion against his father.

KINGS OP KiSHllfRA.
him,

237

and

his

array*

became reduced.

He came

to

the spot where the Vitasta and the Sindhu the bridgo over
waves,
water,
wife.
it

met, and

being

broken by the force of tho

ha

first

caused the horses to descend into the

bide

and then swam over to the other

with his

Thus he came out

safely with his wife in the face

of his enemy, and his horse followed

him

across tho river.

"YVhon the enemies were out of sight, he rode

on
to

his horse

and went towards

TXirat by tho road leading

all

LaharH.

Kandarpa, lord of Dviira, had secured

the passes

against Vijayamitlla ; buj the latter nettled the mountains

and readied
There
malla's

tlA>

city of Dsirat

ouoircled

by mountains.

Vuly&dhara welcomed him, and miuo of Vijaya-

men

joined

their

master.

On

the other hand,

Ilarsha learnt that the

Damarai were

willing to fight for

Tijayamalla and began to devise plana, but which did

not sucoeed.

Yijayamalla passed the winter at Darat,

lite

and having secured the D&maras in

cause,

marched
(Jhaitra.

out in pride from his retreat in the month of

He

had now overcome

all difficulties,

and
the

Ttas
fall

encamping
of snow.
!

on the road, Fate mars the

when
efforts

he

died

by
his

of the great by insignificant means

fears.

Haisha was now relieved of

He was the
He,
Pre-

most powerful king of his time and neighbourhood.

introduced
vious
or
to

many

elegant customs in his kingdom.

his

time no one except the king tied his hair

or

wore, a turban

ornaments.

No

distinction

was

allowed in the kingdom, in so

much that Modana,

lord of

23S

KINGS OF KAsmtfiu.
king's

Kampaim, bad incurred the

hair,

auger for tying his

and Joytoanda, the chief minister for wearing colored

cloth.

Cut

this

king introduced fitting dresses iu

of his

his

kingdom.

He

ordered some

female servants to

adorn some of his ministers with good robes.

He
with

liked

the customs of the south, and introduced coins like those current in KarnSta.

His court

was

fillod

men

adorned with palm leaves and broad marks of sandaV and

good long swords.

Women

clothed themselves like mon,

of

and wore garlands of gold in imitation of the leaves and Hues of

Kolaka, and adorned themselves with narks of sandal

oollyriutn

drawn from tho eyes to the

ears,

and with tho holy thread made of gold.

their

Tho ends

of

garments kissed tho ground, and their breust and

Thoir

arms down to the elbows were covered by boddice.

smiles were white as camphor.

Those who came

to

beg from the king could, by the

king's bounty, feed others

who depended oil them

with the
sea,

as the

clouds, by their connection

can nourish

the earth with rain.

By

the king's liberality those

who

came

to sing

became almost as rich as himself.

He
In

bestowed immense gold on the learned, aud allowed them

to ride on cars

drawn by

pair

and

r_to

use umbrelja.

the reign of Kalasha, one Rihlaua, a learned man, went

out of KSshmira and lived

in

the court of Karnata.

title

There the king named Parmfidi gave him the

of

Yidyapati; aud he used to ride on elephant before tho

army, aud he alone used the umbrella in juresence of

KINCI3

OP KiSUMfRA.
*

239
liberal

tho king.
it

Bnfc

now

lfe

heard that the

Harsha was

friend of tho learned,

and repented having gone out of

Kitshmira.
lhirs>ha's capital

became one

0/ the beautiful tilings of

building.-*

tho earth, adorned with gold and high

which
the
ex-

touched

tho clouds.

In

tho pleasure-garden of
all
.sorts

king, there were ahnodt

cavated a large

of trees.
1

He

tank named

Tampa
himself

adorned with
\vu<t

various birds and * animals.

in various
ilcpigrtnioiibt

He

learned
to

of

knowledge.

Even
bis

this

day

his

sonifi

aro
thuir

ITstoned,

even by

enemies,

with tears

in

eyes.

Ho

used to

sleep

two

pralmiMs during tho day ami to koop up nights, wlivti

bo gavo audience to
enjoyment.

tho people and passed bis timo in

iu

Ho

bpout tho night

conversation

wilh

tho learned, and in songs and dancing in the court, whit-h

was lighted with thousand lamp*.

versation

At

tho close of con-

was only heard tba noise caused by the chew-

ing of betels or the sound produced

iu the hair

by the

dried Shefuli

of the

women.

cloudlike

cauopy hung
fire.

above,

and the burning

of gold were

laiui'S

looked like a wall of

Tho bars
like
ters
'

like serpent'),

the swords looked

minis-

smoke,

the females
star.-*,

beamed like Apsaras, tba

were as

the learned like an

assembly of the

gods,

and the biugers

like gandbarv.is. This placo appear-

ed to.be the teat of both

Tama and

Kuvera, for Charity

and

Feat" here

walked together, Such waa the appearance

240

KINGS OF KiSHMfRA.
t

of the court at night, which it

is

impossible to describe.

The king was

and

richer thau Indra.

Iu his time transactions wore carried on mostly by gold silver coins, and vory little by copper dinnars. Sunua
officer,

was the chief executive

highest rank, but
avarice.

and had attained

to

the

behaved meanly owing to his great

He

deprived the mouastaries (mathas) at Ajoya-

vana, one of his estates, and at

Mulaka and

Vijayesuvava,
this king
re-

of the moans of their support.

In the reign of

the hungry, the helpless, tho sick and the poor were
lieved of their grievances.

One Chanipaka squandered

it

his long accumulated

wealth by spending

at

Nandi-

kshetra for seven days in every year.

Tho king enriched

the Brfihmanas,

who wore

doer-skins by his liberality. Tho

family,

king's wife, Yasantalekha, a daughter of the Sahi

built monasteries and villages for the habitation of tho

Br&hmanas

in the capital

and at Tripnreshvara. She shone

as bright as a flame,

and her charaoter was so elevated

that the like of her was never seen in the country.

The new

ministers, as they

grew up in power, guided

the king's mind against the former ministers, on

whom

they always looked

of Fortune
"

with

jealousy.

It

is

by a whim
led-

that great

men

are deceived

and

by the

weak.

Though

the king was learned and well skilled ia

ministers.

business, yet

he was misled by his wicked

the

In order

to repay

enmity of his father, now dead,

called after
scpiaa-

he caused the monasteries, &c, in the capital,

bis father's name, to be plundered.

And having

KIS03 OF KiSnilfBA.

241

derod the hoarded treasures of hid avaricious father, ho

gave him the name of Payuseua.

In the mean time, Bhuvamirdja planned to got possession of Lohara,

ami

.seurutly

collected foot-soldiers

and

stationed

them at Kota.

But "hearing that Kaudarpa,

the lord of Dvara, was advancing to moot hiui, ho agaitt

hid himself.

At

ttiH

tiiuo Saogrtiiiitpala,

Icimj

of Kfy'apuri, found

opportunity

to

rito

asrainst

Kashmir,^.
tor
I

But tho king

became angry with Kuudarpa

scattered

trying to collect tho

imm i>f*KuKi, svid vat >aud,m ty.dsa to Il&jaHo hastily wont with lus army hy way of Lohara, puii. hut loitered for a month ami n half uuar tho \uterd of
Kota.

On

Hie approach of tho

tho

summer months,
On

ho got
felt

frUhtunod by

power of tho enonry and

tiio

no

inclination to proceed in

expedition.
In-)

the other

hand, Kaudarpa was rebuked fur

nothing, not

inactivity, as

ho did
"When,

knowing

the

king's

inclination.

rebuked,

he-

determined, although

he had no military

equipments, to conquer Ilajapuri, and vowed not to take

food
till

ho kid couiiuered

it.

Ho

proceeded alou{ the

mountains, lived iu mouutain caves,

food,

aud abstained from

little

aud fouud

hiin.selfj'

on the sivth day, a

beyond

one yoj.ina of Bijapuri.

He

reached the place without^

mooting with opposition, and euteted tho enemy's lins&ud

disarmed them.
officer

Of tho army of Uandunayaka, only una

fallowed

Kaudarpa

his

tut

ho was

bom

of tho lino of Buddharija.

me was Kularijii, and Ho u as killed by

248

KINGS OF KiSHMfBA.

the warriors of Iiajapuii in the w*iy, and they thought,

because that officer had the device
that
it

of a

white umbrella,
killed.

was Kandarpa himself whom they had

At

noon, however, Kandarpa, with twenty or thirty meu,

entered the capital

this
city,

or

Rajapurf.

Before the gates of

three hundred

infantry of

Kandarpa opposed
In this battle

thirty thousand warriors of the

enemy.

the Kashmirians lost two hundred men, and four hundred

of the KhaBh as perished.

When
it,

the battle was over,

fires for

the plaoe was lighted by numerous

the last rites of the do ad, and
place of Death.

performing

looked like the cooking

By

this

act of Kandai'pa tho fiendish

field.

anger of the king was appoased in the bloody battle

Exaspevatod by Uio dufeat, the enemy

rallied,

and

came to

fight again

with Kandarpa in the

last prohara

of the day.

Kaudarpa discharged
oil,

iron uaraoha besmeared

in a preparation of

which

set fire

on every side where

they

fell.

"

Tho

foolish

enemies believing that Kaudarpa

fit'o

knew the art Even in afar.

men.

of discharging

arms, and in fear, fled

spirit,

the midst of danger, the bravery,

presence of mind, tact and coolness never leave great

At sunset he entered the

fight,

capital,

but again saw

soldiers.

the streets outside the city covered with

-

But

when he again came out to

yaka had
late battle,

he found that DaudanSiu the

arrived,

and seeing the carnage caused

had remained there

iu fear with his army.

Borne are emboldened

frightened at

by

their

own

loss,

some

are

the sight

of the loss of

other people.

kings of iusmfiu.

243
1

Who

can understand;

human

nature

Kanrlarpa then
into the

came out ami brought the frightened captain

town, as tho Hangia in the fable led the crow.

Who

can,

his own valor, enter a foreign country like Kandarpa, whon tho people thoro are loyal, and the army largo and united 1 Within one month Kandarpa returned to his

by

coimtry,
IiajaptuT.

after

exacting

tribute

from, the fallen king of

Harcha welcomed him, and rose as ho came,

ho became tho object of envy of Dandanayaka

so that

and others.

Kandurpa wal invested with a

admiuwtratiwPof
Parihd-i.ipura.

tttlo

for

tho

good

But the king, through

the evil advice of

largely
bribed,

his

prima mini-itcr who had been

removed tho seat from Kandarpa uud

sit

ordered him to

near hi a

feet.

Tho

niinistora

who

were jealous of Kandarpa, were very glad, particularly as

they thought that some one out of them would gain tho
lordship
of

Dvara.
of

By

their

advice tho -king

to

made

Kaudarpa lord

Lohara and sent him

that pro-

vince where a rebellion

had brokea

out.

The meanKings

minded ministers thus drove Kandarpa, tho wise and

valorous, from the

neighbourhood of the king.

for

who

cannot

judge

themselves

soon

perish

by

the council of the wily.

As

sands

creep out of tit^

hand, so the liking of the king towards Kandarpa gradually decreased

duriug

told 'the

king that

his, absence. The ministers now Kandarpa had taken with him two

sous of Utkarsha aud intended to reign at Loliara.

The

244

kings oe icAsmtfRA.
seo,t

king believed their tale, aud

Patta and Asidhara

with an army

to capturo aud

kill

him.

By some
of the

'

mistake
arrival

in the sending of letters,

Kandarpa learnt
;

of the

army and

its

purpose

he became astonished and

disgusted and stunucd'for

the

mom out.

Just at

this

time Asidhara arrived.

Kandarpa was then

playing

at dice. Asidhara attempted to tie his hand, but Kandarpa

withdrew his hand, and he

wrung the hand

of

hia oppo-

nent so that he retired iu excess of pain.

Kandarpa then

reproached himself that he had ever taken service under

such a king after serving undor king Abantadeva.

said in sorrow to Patta that if the king vould send
his relatives,

He
him

he would deliver up the fort

in

hia posses-

sion

and

depart.

When his relatives

came, he did not

posses-

revolt against his king,

but quietly gave up his

sions

and went to Benaras.

killed

He
Btead,

a chief of

Gaya and placed another

in his

and

-thus obliged

the withdrawal of the tax which

was

levied on the Kislimirians

who came here

to perform

the Shraddha of their forefathers.

robber chief and cleared the
it

lie also destroyed a

way

to the East, and

made

safe for the travellers.

He

destroyed a fierce tiger at

Benaras, and adorned the East with

many

templefl.

Since the exile of Kandarpa, the bad ministers envied

one another, and did

muoh

injury to the king.

As

fat-

tened rams, maddened with pride,

their horns, even so the

strike one another with

w.ith"

ministers quarrelled

one

another.

And

as.

thornless shrub which lie between the

KINGS OF KiSIUlfRA.

245

rams
fered

is

aSon torn to piecos, even so the helpless king suf-

Thus passed Dhammata, eon of Tauvangga, wished to get the kingdom by rebellion, and attempted to kill the king. The wily Dhammata induced Joyar^ja, son of a prostitute, r to murder tho king, and sent him for that purpose,
from tho disputes of his ministers,
sometime.
lie thought within himself that after the king's death

he

wou!4
son.

inherit the

kingdom, at Jayaraja was a

prostitute's*

And

Jayurija too would naturally be suspocted of

the crime.
Viliiva

They

limited

tho people of tho village of

to rcbclhon,

and also won over two or three

inmates of the king's Household,

for
to

a while, ami the king sent

lUjupuri as ambassador.

Tho plan succeeded Dhammata with honors

But Jayareja eventually
fail

found his plans beginning to

and cams to Dham-

mata, who was waiting in the house of " thousand good

omens"

for

an auspicious day

to start.

When

holding

a private consultation, they were overheard by a follower

of Prayiga from near the wall.
to Prayaga,

He

divulged everything
it,

who informed the kiug about the journey of Dhammata. forbade destruction of his own kinsmen, the king
taking severe measures
guard.
;

and the king

of the

Afraid

refrained from

he only remained always on

Jayaraja seeing his attempt fruitless, employed

Naga and PSja, two heroic but low d&maros as his spies. Tho king heard that Jayarfija had set out with h'ta followers to fight with him and made preparations fur
de fence*
*

See {MgiM 222 <iml

%2'i.

246

KINGS OF KiSHMflU,

self

The wily Dhammata, on the other hand, armed himon the morning, and pretending to Bet out for
a chamber to worship.
Jayaraja
and,

battle, led Jayar&ja into

then, with his

nephew Dhammata, entered the room

Having
set

to his terror, found himself before the king in a room

with closed doors.

the guards outside the

room, Prayaga, by the king's order, whispered to Dham-

mata

to

murder Jayaraja.
in

The king thought

ftat as

Dhammata he would surely disarm himself. And by ordering Dhammata to murder his colleague, Dhammata would not think that the king had knowledge of his guilt. And if Jayaraja resisted and fought
Jayaraja confided

with Dhammata, the death of one or both of them would

bo. to

the king's advantage, and people would not blame

if

or suspect the kiug

both of them died

in

the

souffle.

Thus thinking the wise king determined on

that stop,

and Dhammata, believing that his own share of the guilt was unknown to the king, thus spoke with iusolenoe to
Jayaraja:

"The

king

is

displeased with

thee,

and

if

thou art no longer a rebel, then cast aside thy arms

out delay to show thy innocence."
influence, or

with-

Whether by

divine

by reason of

his

confidence in

Dhammata,
his weapons

Jayaraja, though expert in arms, laid

down

when thus rebuked.

severely rebuked

When
:

Tulla, son of Ajjaka and

"grandson of Tanvangga, saw the weakness of Jayaraja, he

him

" Surely thou art not born

j
t

of

Kajja by king Kalasha

your father must surely 'have

virtue of patience

been a neuter."

Tulla

knew not the

KINGS OF KiSQMfltA.

24?
water

under necessity, and these words

-were like cold

spriukled ou a sleeping man. "When Jayarfija was tortured

to

confess

tho plans

of rebellion,

he confessed

his

own

crimes,

but

did not say regarding tboso of

to deabti

Dhammata.

At night ho was tortured

his

by a cord put round

Ifis

neck by Jayaka, a door-keeper.

head was severed

from his body, and thrown into the waters of Bhatt/ranad^vala,

whero

it

was eaten by
the

fishes.

In the KSsh-

mirian era 71,

in
tluSu

month

of Ehfidra, Jayaraja was

murdered, and
truction of

the king secretly planned the des-

Dhammata.
purpose
a
1

For

this

Kalasharsja,
living at

ho king sent for Thakkura namod man well skilled in arms, and who was Lohara. Tho king received him with kindness,

and told him that wlion FraySga would send a messenger

to him, ho would do the work.
act

Prayfiga feared that tho

might be

left

undone, and angrily told the king to

fit.

take council and to do what seemed

sitting with his five principal ministers

The king was

told

when Vaniana

him that the deed should be done before the

left

ministers

the room.

He

said

these

words and there died

within tho closed doors.

sent a

By

the kings order Prayaga

messenger to <t Kulasharaja,

and accordingly,
,

Kalatjhar&ja,,

with his two sous, went to Dhammata.

at that
time;

Dhammata was

iu

the

capital,

and was
the sun.

exposing sena (a kind of hunting

bird) to

Wkei> he saw Ealashardja and his two

and his Servant?
fled.

sons, be shrieked,

Kalaiharaja then asked Dham-

248

KINGS OF KiSnirfBA.
to

mata
his

draw

his
kill

weapon
him.

and

Dhammata

'took

up

dagger to

Kalashavaja

struck him in

the front, and his sons from behind.

Dhammata

fell

down and died. The eldest son of Kalashardja was wounded by the weapon of Dhammata, which was poisoned, and suffered from repeated sores. Unfortunately for him,

armed-

his sword had broken and he was illThey threw him down from behind, aiwl'his

body was, by the king's order, given to be oaten by dogs. The king took under his protection Rihlnnn

and Sahlana, grandsons

unarmed.

of

Tanvangga. as they were

Tulla and others wore enraged and intended to

robol,

but were kept back by the wiles of Udayasinha. " You are

my sons,"
down
They

said the virtuous

Udayasinha to them, and

rely-

ing on his faith, and influenced

their arms.

by love of

life,

they laid

" Come

to

the king," said Udaya-

cinha to them,
all

"and show that you are innocent." went by the way leading to the palace. The

umbrella-bearer of

Dhammata's house, smiled aud

forgotten,
!

Dhammata, who was bred up in said to Tulla " Have you

:

grandson of Tauvangga, what you said

to Jayaraja before.
,-have

Your
fool,

ease

'\s

similar to his^

Why

you then,

assumed patienoe and weakness)

It appears that

you were born of

my

father,

aud your

heroic father gave

me

birth."

Thus saying he com-

mitted suicide by his sword.

to the king, the
officers

Pretending to lead thorn

shut Tulla aud others up in the

KINGS OP KiSHMfRA.
t

240
to

prison.

Tho kiug w*a kind heartod and intended

of their

saro thorn on accouut

youth.

But at night
Vimbiya
Vulla and
their

one wicked VLml)iya tortured thorn

by tying a rope

rouud their necks

in

the

king's

presonco.
Yijayarija,

murdorod four
Gulla.

of thota,
to

Tulla,
day, old

Even

this

men

speak of

beauty, even after death*, with

tear.s

ia their eyes.

Long

was

iiio

phico of thoir death

known by

thoir scattered

teeth red with the

murks of

hotel.

Tho two sous

by tho

uf Utkardlri

had now growu up, and

the older of thetn naiimd Duiuba wu-> Bocrelly murdered

Iciii".

'Tho

young and

"spirited

hoy Jayamalla,

son of Vijayamalla,
of
firo,

whom
in

tho king regarded us a spark

was murdored

tho bimilar way.

kini^s

Thus
murder

it is

by a divine providence that while

relative))

their

to

relieve

themselves,

their

kingdoms ara
Bee;- are killed

enjoyed by strangers after their deaths.

providentially by the waving
leaves
of tho

Aavattha (peepnl)

near the beehive in order that some btranger

with ease.

may

obtain the honey

The

great crime of

murdering his own. relatives spoilt the soundness of the

king's judgment,

so

that
'"

even children were murdered

by hid wen.

Kahema, son of Yamana, knew that the king bore an

ill

will against his

own

father,

aud advised him to rob

the umbrella aud gold belonging to god Kaloshe&ba set

p by bin
by
the

father.

But ho w as prevented from

of Prujiga.

this

act

council

Haludbant's

gtaudson,

250

KINGS OF KiSHMflU.

Loshtadhava, a courtier who entered like devil into the

heart of the ill-advised king, thus privately said to
tlv)

king in order to please him

gold
ple,

" Confiscate the lands and

of the tem-

of Kalashesha,
I shall

and with the stones

build for' you a bridge over the Yitasta."

The weak
painted on
or thinks

king who believes that a picture can be

the sky,
it

or doth"
to

made

of

lily

thread,
is

possiblo

obtain the gold which

a wall of
fliiow, is

seen

only in dreams, or to
ed.

make

disappoint-

The accomplishment
as a

of this plan was prevented

desire of

by Prayaga, even

good dootpr preveuts the

r

food of his patient.

One day

in

the midst of mirth

and

jollity,

Loshta-

dhara asked the king to relieve an imprisoned god.

king Btniled and asked what he meant.
at

The
that

He

replied

Abhundapura

there

was a god named Bliima

possess-

ing gold and jewels.

During the disturbanoe whioh

offioers,

took place "among the king's

Bha, the doors of the

in the time of Kala-

temple of Buinmkesha'va were long

closed.

And when
it

the disturbance ceased and the doors

were opened,

was seeu that thieves had stolen the

god's golden kavacha.

There beiug yet much wealth

;

left,

the doors were closed again in fear of the thieves

- since

and

then the doors have remained closed.

" Bring you,

therefore,

the wealth from that plaoe, aud the god too

receive flowers, &c."
it

relieved of confinement, shall

The
not

king did as advisod, and got

" If the god,"

much

so

thought the king,

" which

gold and jewels.

is

KINDS OF KlSHMfR'A.
worshipped, has so

201

much

wealth,

what may not those

possess which are receiving worship."

king,
so

And when

the

thinking,

weut to rob any god, the people of

it,

the place paid largo ransom for

elephants.

whioh was brought on

his

Tho king intended* to complete

gods,
it

grand

army by plundering
had plundered the
in order

the wealth bestowed on*

and robbed every idol of by former kings. After he

of their wealth, ho employed
j

idols

TJdayarja for tho purposo of bringing the images

to deprive

and

them

of their

sanctity, he caused

urine and ordure* to bo

orifices
all

poured

into

them through tho

log-*.

in

their

noses,

hands and

He

took

away

those images

which wore built of gold and

tied

silver.

Tho images wero dragged hy ropes

anole-joints, spat

round theii

upon and

run do naked,

and mutilated.
was nut taken
gods were

Neither in the capital, nor in towns or villages, was

there a temple left from which tho idol

out by Haraha the Turnshka.

>

Two

influential

beyond lus power, Shriranasvauu in the

Martanda at Futtaim.

capital,

and

When

the Icing was giving alms,

two

men
at

asked for and obtained two images of Buddha,

and preserved them.

born

Parihasapurtt,

One of these persons was Kanaka, and the other was Shradinger, born in

mana, a good looking

home other town.*

A man
evil acta,

bent ou acquiring richer does not scruple to do

though he may have large fortune.

Though

Harshu,liad the wealth of liU father and grandfather,

and the riches brought by Utkarsha from Luhara, yet

252

KINGS OF KiSIBlfRA..

ha robbed the gods, on

wealth,

whom

tba former kings bestowed

esponsosj,

and

still

unable to defray his enormous

wisbed to got more.

Fie to such king

"With the king's nominal oouseut, tho ministers ap-

pointed

new men

in
!

Che principal

offices.

Fie to the

time-serving servants

The minister Gouraka, though a

king in plundering the gods,
officer

good man, assisted the

and became a
Helaka, a

principal financial

(Arthanfiyaka).

Brahmaua who

served

in

the

temple

of

Samarasvami, and who was formerly a confidential

of Vijayamalla, and was at
king,
fira^

officer

hatod' by tho present

the temple, and

now doubled tho

tributo from

became another principal

to the king's presence,
officer.

financial officer; he was admitted

and gradually became tho

be said of a king

greatest

What more need

who

exacted

money through
spent on
"evil

his various heads of departments,

and

appointed one over ordnro.

The money thus

sovereigu.

got was

idle people

purposes by the who surrounded tho

spent in

ignorant, hypocrite and

-

The

king's

money was
horses,

order to get stag-eyed

women and
and

to receive the evil council of the courtiers,

flattery of the minstrels.

Tho

king's

time was spent

favor,

in appeasing his

women's anger'or enjoying theer

.in hearing description of horses, in following the advice

uf servants,
feast,

and

in

hunting.

Kings walk,

sit,

drink,

enjoy themselves or are merry,

or perform chariof

table acts j following, like

a shadow, the example

other people, aud without judging whether

they are

KINGS OP KASHllflU.
good or bad.

253

Believing tho flattery of their minstrels,

**tboy oonsider themselves superhuman, and imagine that

they have one eye or two hands more than other people
nor ever think

that they will have to

die.

Women

who

gain

asoendenoy over kings at night become their

ministers by day, and yet the foolish kings think that

they are
is

powerful.

What
;

others pronounce to ho good

oatBn by them with relish

is

what others pronouooe ns

others
fear.

had

rejected

by them; and when

which

frighten

then),

they

are strnok with sudden

thjs,

Kings and

boys are alike. All

kings
in gene?al,
is

may

be attributed to

as nothing

compared to what king

Ilarsha did.

Pleased with tho sound of drums, the king

gavo to Bhimanayaka, the musician, a pair of elephants,

male and female.

Champaka's younger
and to assuage

brother, Kanaka,
iu the

a pupil of Bhiaianayakti,

began to learn singing

his

sorrow of his heart

borrow-*,

tho

king gave him one lac of golden dfunara3?

occasion
ful

On one

wife

Harsha saw a pioture of Chandala, the beautiof Parm&udi, king of Eamata, and became
her.
"Vile courtiers excite

enamoured of

the foolish as

men

excite

dogs.

Thus

excited,

Haraha shamelessly

vowed before the court.to destroy Parmandi and to have Chandala. He vowed not to use prepared oaruphor till
he obtained her.

The bards and

the south
its

minstrels laughed at
:

him, concealing their ridicule in songs

" You are bow

camphor
in
is

on your way

to

there

is

your
pre-

bond, as we know by

smell,

and the camphor

254
pared ;
it is fit

SINGS

Off

KASDMfRA.
it

forking Haraha to present

is

to his love."

"Until the king of Karnata

won ; until Kalyauapura visited, and the royal garden

is

is

and ChandalJ entered, and Pimmala is

killed,

is left

behind, the powerful

of Karnpana,

Mug
to

-will

not use camplibr."

Madaua, lord

rose high in the king's favor for his

getting the picture

the king, and for which he reo'eived dress, ornaments,

and a daily pay.

The king's

foolishness

and

restlessness
flattering

became known by Madana's shameless

words.

and

Some
mother,

of the courtiers

brought an old

woman
him.

from

Karnpana and told the king that she was

nis (-the king's)

and

so

got

some gold out

of

Others

brought female servants and introduced them to the

king as goddesses
;

and the king,

forgetting his dignity,

bowed to them, while the others laughed.

servants, taught
of the
left

lemdness by the

courtiers,

The female made a fool

The

king

and the king's good fortune and greatness

of his being addioted to them.
life,

him on account

king wished to have long

these

and was so

foolish as to ask
for

servants (considering

boon, and they granted

them as goddesses) him one hundred years

the
life.

of

He was

anxious to have funeral cakes given to him after

liquid, chemiafter

~ death,

and one Domva gave him a certain

it

cally prepared, pretending that

ensured the cake

it.

death, and iuduced the king to drink

What more
life

can

be said of his foolishness 1

"When asked by the

as

courtiers,
if it

he pretended to bestow on them long

were

KINGS 0* KiSHMfltA.
wealth in hiB hand.
-.What good

255
can narrate those

man

shameful things whioh this sovereign did in order to

become handsome and strong

this

Thus, for a long time,

into

bad and

foolish

monarch was thrown

troubles

by his own ministers.

tical

about the

As ignorant people are now scepuncommonly good acts of king Meghaso

vihana and others,

believe

people will hereafter hesitate to

such

Harsha.

uncommonly wicked things about king Though the kingdom was mismauaged, yet his
it

enemies oould not take advantage of

lived.

so long as he

One

night,

when

the

room was lighted by lamps,

and he was leaching dancing girls to dance, an enemy from a distance shot an arrow at him. That he did not
perish, or

was even struck by

it,

was either because Hie

females of the

time of his death bad not yet come, or on account of

the sins of his subjeots.
king's zenana
their youthful king,

Somehow the
;

became corrupt

the young

paramours planned his destruction.

their
plot,

women and The

eloped

however, discovered

and in anger
some
afraid of their

punished

some

of

the

women,
to

and

with their lovers.

The servants were

save
kis'g's evil

own

guilt,

and wished

themselves at their
every side,

masters

cost.

The

namo spread on

as was but right

and proper, he being the son of king,

embraces matrons

Kalasha.

He

constantly took to his

of the rank of his mother (his aunts)

on

their laps

when he was
his
sister

a child,
(his

who had token him and also ladies of

and oppressed

the rank of

cousins)

25C

KINGS OF KiSHilttlA.

i,

NSga, the daughter of his father's 'Sister, and forced her

to his bed.

He

had in his pay one hundred Turashktl

of his

princes,
flesh of

and to the day

tame
hog.-*

death ho used to eat the

On

ono ocoaaiou ho got angry with the people

of

of

llfijapmi on account

some defect

in

their

offering

submission,

and marched against that countiy.

Other

kings saw his uncommonly large army on the way and

considered
worlds.
pnri.
fort

him powerful enough

sat

to

attack the three

before

Harshn

down with
and

the

army

Baja-

After a siege of ono month, the

food

within the

beoamo

scarco,

Sangriiuiapala, the king of the

his

place, in order to relievo

men, wont out

to

make

peace, promising such tribute

and liomage

as king Ilarsha

might order.

Harsha, fixed on his purpose of couquest,

;

refusod the terms

but the king of Rajapurf won over

bribe.

the avaricious
of

Dandanayaka by

When
to

the king

Kashmira

retired

from the army to his camp, Dandasoldiers

nayaka secretly induced the

demand

extra

pay

for having left their country behind.

The rude and

distance.

proud soldiers demanded the extra pay, but they were

disappointed, as the king's treasury

was at a

Now, when the king waa appeasing the soldiers, "DandaTiayaka frightened him by saying that the Turashkas
would attack him.
*

The king had very

little

patience;

should make allowance for the facta and opinion of who lived in the reign of one whose net very remote imeeator had usurped the throne of Harsha.
historian

We

euros of EisnMfBi.
he withdrew his af my from the place, and

367
fled in fear,

leaving his treasure and baggage in the way.

Servants

who
in

are favored without being tested, bring

is

on troubles

times of danger like a sword which

taken to battle

without being examined.

thy,

The king himself was unwor-

and disregarded worthy persons.

From

this time

the fame of his power abated.

Now

he admitted the

mighty prowess of Kandarpa, who had done what he and

hia

army could

not.

The king wished

to bring back

Kandarpa, but was prevented by the wiles of Dauda*

nayaka.

The king

arrsstod Dandanayaka,

knowing

his

disaffection,

but did not persecute him on account of

entreaty of his courtiers. Danrtanftyaka,

when

in coufino-

mcut, did not take milk, nor the things sent to him by
his
friends,

but stored them.

The

foolish

king after-

wards reinstated him in his former

post,

although he

had deserved
excited

capital punishment.

The
as

courtiers again

the

king

with flattery,

Kama, &o,

did

Duryyadhana
is

after his defeat at

Ghoshaj&tra.

He who

beaten in arguments abuses his opponent, the unchaste

woman scolds and taxes her husband, and the Kiynstha who has robbed much wealth throws the king in trouble;
thus
tfiey cover their

own

defects

and

prosper.

Now
afrajd,

the selfish Hela,

to

who had appropriated the money"

distribution
to
others,

entrusted

him

for

became

and

tried to

induce the king to some evil action.

in

He

advised him,

conjunction

with the people of

Lohara, to capture the fort of Dh&ta in order to aubju-

258

KINGS OP KiSHMfRA.
This* fort

gate the province of Darad.

was formerly
killed*

held by Lakvanachandra the Damara, but he was

by Janaka the

lord

of

Dvara by the orders of king

But
again taken by the king of

Ananta, and his wife died of starvation at Dvara.

the fort was subsequently

Darad through the negligence of king Kalaaha. people of Darad had also taken Anantagrama.
king was ready to lead the army.

The
The

In that oountry ^there

for the

was no

lake,

and the people used to collect snow

purposes of water.
rain,

In the present year there was no

Hela, other-

and they had consumed their snow.

wise called Mabattama, saw their weakness and exoited

the king against them, and the king prepared himself

for the march.

At

this

time the lord of Dvra was

proceeding to Vataganda by the king's order.

tried to betray him,

Champaka

but the king prevented him from

proceeding and made

him

lord of Mandala, and he ruled

over Dvara' with other lords of Dvara.

The kiug then

army.

took the lord of Dvara with him and, crossing the river

Hadhumati, invested the

the
officers of his

fort with his

all sides,

He

sent

army on

and remained

alone

himself within his entrenchment at a distanoe from the

army.

The

battle raged

between* the two armfcs, -and

their fort hurled

.the

soldiers of

Darad from within

stones on their enemies.

Malla, son of Gangga, with his

also built

bom, did many acts of valor at Dh&ta, and he

a religious house.

An

astrologer

had

foretold jthat big

son would get a kingdom, and so his heroic sons, Uch-

tcmaa of kIshmIba.
obala and Sussnla, tried to increase tbelr fame.
*

269

The

elder

sf them, aspiring to the throne, set out for the

war on

the side of the king,

and won great reputation.

fort
foe.

The

enemy could hardly keep the

rain

on account of want of

and of the powers of the

But

at this

moment

a heavy shower of
the country
j

rain, unfriendly to Harsha, overflowed

and the lops of the fort was covered with

Fate raises the falling and throws

ioe as* if clad in mail.

down the

aspiringv as if playing with a

Kundaka

(ball).

Troubled with rain, and remembering the comforts of

home, the wiclftd ministers collected themselves within

the king's encampment.
of war,
soldiers

The king returned from the seat

disappointed of his hope of success, and the

began to desert and run an ay, leaving behind

baggage and treasure.

their arms,

They were pursued

by the enemy, and many of them perished in the large river. On the waves of the Madhumatf floated the
clothes, arms, horses, &o., of the retiring army. The number of men that perished in the river and the number killed or captured by the victorious army of Darad cannot be counted. Uchchala, with his younger

brother, tried to save the soldiers of

Kashmfra thus

left

without leaders. These two brothers, like two rocks on the

beach, checked the rushing and sea-like

army of Darada by protecting the army, and henceforward people considered these two proud men,

They won
and
no,t

great reputation

the impotent king, worthy of the kingdom. the people for

The

veneration of

them

rose

still

higher,

because after such acts they did not condescend to pre-

260
Bent

KINGS OF EiSSMfHA,
I

themselves before the king;

Harsba was now

relieved of the fear of the

enemy and entered his oapita}. The people oompared the brothers with Ema and Lakshmana and the king with Havana, (thereby foreshadowing a coming event,
viz.,

the dethronement of

Hoxsha by the brothers).

The shameless and

by
his late reverses,

idle king, not in

any way depressed

his

began

to

oppress

subjects as

usual.

Mean minded

people punish rthose

who

are near

for small offences, not those

who commit

serious crimes

at a distance.

The dog
it

bites the, stone, but not the

man

The king once heard that whom he had oreated lord of Kampana, spoke of Madana, the king's late defeat ; he was angry with him and who throws
at him.

wished for his death.

He

also

found fault with

hi in,

because he did not perform certain

act as the queen

at

commanded.

Madana was caught

Madava and was

in

brought before the king, but in fear he took refuge

the house of the rioh minister

named Jhakkiu

Though
life,

Mb

minister begged the king to spare Madana' a

yet
his

the king caused

soldiers.

Madaua and

his sons to be killed

by

The king's anger could never be appeased. Such, is the doom of those who depend on their AcquainOn tance- with the great and serve them without fear.
the day of Mariana's death on the bauks of Ramejapa, the <swrse of queen Suryyamatf was fully realized.
Afraid of the power of Kalasharfija, the king confined

bim

iu the house of Lakshmfdhara,

and in order

to kill
of

him, sent to

him

his

enemy, Udaya, on the pretence

If
I

KINGS OF KiSHMfEA.

261
Kalasharaja

learning something 'from bim.

The proud

'%aw the other blazing in prosperity, became very angry,

aud snatched a sword and killed bim.

servants of the murdered

But the angry

man

killed KalasharSja.

Thus

the servants of the foolish king began to perish one

after another.

4s

salt brings additional pain to sores, so the country,

oppressed

by tho
stole

king,

suffered additional

calamities.

The Vishas
out,

gold plates from the king's palace, hut

they died beforo the sun arose.

great pestilence broke

and gradually increased, and tho wnilmgs of people

In

and funeral music ceased not by day or by night

the year 73 of the XaHhuiiriaii era, a famine broke out

in

tho village of U'ifyakrndita, and

all

the stores

became

empty. One khari of grain sold at

five

hundred

dfuuiiras,

two pala of vine -juice sold

wool sold at
sis

for a dmriara,
salt,

and one pain of

dfnnSras; while
all.

black pepper, and

filled

assafoetida could

not be had at

Eivers were
swollen
-with

up

with dead " bodies,

which

-were

water.

The

king,

on the other hand, perfectly

observed
that
his

indifferent to these

calamities,

capital could not be &ecu

it,

from a distance owing to the trees which surrounded

and- ordered

them to be cut down.

The

treeB,

with

flowers and fruits,

were accordingly cut down, and the*

as persous

black bees

moaned everywhere over them,

relatives.

lament over the dead bodies of their

Advised

by the. Kayosthas, the king severely oppressed the surviving people everywhere ta cities

and

iu villages.

The

2G2

kings of KisnufnA.

Dainaras became riotous, and he^ ordoretl the lord of

The Damaras inhabiting Madava and Lohara were first attacked and murdered Even the Brahmanas who dwelt like birds in the neats.
Mandala to massacre them.
at Madava were not spared by
the
destroyer of the

Lavanyas (Damaras). Poles were

the Damaras were executed.

fixed

on the plaoe where

r
all
sides.

One

wife of a Lavanya^was

impaled, the rest were terrified,

and fed on

Some
of

fled to the

oountry of the Mlechchhas and lived on

beef, otheis

took to working wheels at wells.

to the fierce k>ng

The

lord

Mandala sent

many

garlands made
palace

of the heads of the Lavanyas.

The gates 'of the

heads.

was seen

filled

with

Dumara

Gold,

oloth,

and

other valuable things were kept at the palace-gate, and

whoever brought a D&maia head obtained one of them

from the door as his reward.
the king's gate to feed on

And the birds lingered at human heads. Wherever the

of

king stopped, the gates were adorned with garlands

DSmara
for the

heads.

The bad smell which

arose, "and the cry

of jackals,

made

the place appear like the spot assigned

burning of the dead.

From the tank

having
quite

at Yaleraka

to Lokapunya,

the lord of Mandala erected a row of the

impaled

Damaras.

After

depepukted

Madava of the Damaras,

the lord of Mandala intended to

it,

do the same with Kramargjya, and inarched towards

In despair the Damaras of this place collected an army

at Loulgha.

They fought a
for

fieroe battle,

and

the. lord of

Mandala was

a time baffled.

But the

king, like a

kings of kAshmira.

263

Rikshosa, was bent on destroying this beautiful kingdom.

"SSome wise

men

of the time have said that the king

;

was
that

fond of revelry in the night, and sleep in tho day

he was fond of cruelty aud tumult, disregarded duty and

liked

bad works.

These are the peculiar

vices of

Eak-

Bhasas.

In
1

the meantime

the younger and youthful son of

Malla became the delight of the wife of Lakshmf dhara.

The ludy was enamoured of tho princo Sussala, who

in her neighbourhood,

lived

and disliked hor husband, whoso

form was like that of ^i monkey.

Now

Lakshrufdhara,

urged by'angof and jealousy, asked tho king why, after

murdering innumerable kinsmen, he had spared the two

brotliovs,

UohcaaU and

Sussala,

who might
felt

be kings

hereafter.

The king had never

But

any regret for the

massaore of his kinsmen.

in tho present iustanoe,

when
to

Lakshmidhara repeatedly urged the same thing

of the brothers, and

the king, and caused it to be repeated bydheis, the

spirit

king remembered the high

was afiaid to

kill

them.

And

forgetting the love which

kinsmen bear

to one another, he consulted his ministers,

and came to the determination to murder them.

kan,

Thak-

prostitute

who had heard the

consultation,

informed the youths of the king's evil design.

The

fact

was' confirmed by their friend Darshanapalo, and they

fled that

very night with two or three attendants.

KSshnifrian era 7G, in the month of Agrahifled,

In* the

yana, the two brothers

and reached the seat of the

'

2G4
Damaras.

KINGS OP KiSHMflU.

One

of tho Lavanyas,
tlie

named

Prasnastargja,
bis

intending to rise against

king,

sent

younger

brother Sillaraja, aud invited the youths to his territory.

But the

elder Uohchala
r

went to Rajapurf in the

kingof

dom

of Kahla,

and tho younger went to the

'

Icing

Kalingjara.
exiles

None

ever thought at that time that these

would one day be kings.

business

Only the king, who

state

understood

and saw the

of

things,

became alarmed.
Uohchala.

Through Lakshmidhnra, the kiug

if

pro-

mised woalth to Sanggramapala

he would murder

to Sanggramapala, the latter

But when the son of Malla (Uchohala) went became afraid of, him, and

welcomed him and praised him. Even the enemy and the
envious wore led by fat to honor
to rise to fortune.

him who was

destined

The people

of Rajapuri were the

natural enemies of the people of Kashmira, and were pre-

pared to do anything against the latter when instigated

and helped'by

influential

enemies of Kashmira. Uchohala

had frequent interviews with some of the D&maras who

went to him.

The oppressed Damaras were thus

greatly

encouraged, and sent messengers with

bring TJchchala back into Kashmira.

many

presents to

Janaka, son of

Suryavarnachandra, sent him a 'diplomatic messenger

aud
fear

thereby encouraged him.

Seeing so

many

messen-

gers of the Damaras, Sanggramapala

of the

was relieved of 'his

king, and

now openly honored Uchohala.

"When Sanggramapala was on the point of placing camphor on the head of Uchohala as a pledge of not harming

KINGS OP KlSmtffiA.
him,
there

265

Sf Bajapurf, who was

said the following

oame on 3 Kalasharja, a principal Thakkuro. bribed by king Ilarsha ; and he

words to Sanggrmapla in private
:

" You have not done what would please king Ilarsha,

and have come to serve

TTchcliala.

Consider duly the

this beggar.

power of the king of Kashmira, and that of

Servja

the king and so save yourself.

Confine this

man

within the oastle of Rajagiri, and then the king will give

you what you

in

desire.;

and out

of fear (for having

Uehchala

your hold) he

will ever

be thy friend."

Tb e king of the

Xhashas, when hus addressed, became frightened and

consented to the proposal, and replied,
ture
this

" I cannot capThus

house,

spirited

man, but

I shall

soud him to you on

some protenoe, and then you can bind him."

saying

aud told " He TJchchala to go to Kalasharaja on the morniug.

he
his
is

sent Kalasharaja to

the priuoipal minister here," said Sanggriimapala to

TJchchala, "

and when you become his friend, we shall march with you and your followers to destroy your enemies."

On

the next

day,

when TJchchala was going

ill

to

the minister's house, he saw

omens, aud was then told

by his men about the purpose of the minister ; and he

fled From* Eajapurf.

On
had

the other hand,

when the king

of the Khashas

heard that, owing to the discovery of the plan, his victim

fled,

he set out with his army.

Ou

hearing of his

approach, the great warrior TJchchala, with his followers,

iuteuded to meet him in battle.

But when

the battle

26

KINGS OF KlSHMfRA.
pre-

was about to commence, the king, of the Khaahas

with Kalasharaja
into

vented the engagement, and brought Uohohala together,

his court.

Disregarding the

advice of his followers

and burning with anger, Uchchala There was none who entered the court of this king.
could

now

look the spirited

and

angry

warrior

in

the face.

with harsh and angry words

sara there lived a king

Uohohala thus addressed to the king and his ministers " Formerly at Darvv6bhi:

named Nara of the Gotra of Bbaradvaja, who had a son named Nciravahana, and Naravahana had a son named Phulla. Pballa had a son named Sarthavahana, his son was Chandana, and Chandana had two sons, Gopala and Sinharaja,
Sinharaja

had several
to
of

children, his

daughter Didda was married

Kshemagupta.
her

Didda made

Sanggramaraja

(son

brother Udayaraja) king.

Eantiraja,

She had

another
Jassarajo,

brother,

and he had a son named

Sanggramaraja had a sou named Ananta, while of

raja were born Tanvangga and Gungga.

Jaasa-

Ananta's son was

Kalasha's

Kalasharaja, and of

Gungga was born Malla.

son

is

king Harshadeva, and

then do the wicked enquire

- the earth
is

we are Malla's sons !* Why who we are 1 But sqUong as

is

for the

enjoyment of the powerful, wherein

the necessity for genealogy 1

his

And who
arms.

is

the friend

of the powerful, but

own

Fortunately the

'* Genealogy acooiding to the speech of Uchchalnrat the court Khuaha.

ol

kings of Elsnaifiu..
kings or Kfishmfra" liavo ruled by their valor,

267
not by

the favor of their subordinates, and you will

now

see

my valor." When
battle followed

he had said

this,

he went out for

soldiers.

by one hundred foot

One man

brought a dead hare before him, which he considered a

good omen.

NAKA.
Kinq op DXnvviBHia^RA.
Naravithana.

rhulU.
Sartha\iluana.

Cliandana,
I

GopiSln.

SinharAja (had several children.)

Kantirdja.
Jas-aiaja.

TTdayaraja.

Didrlci

married

SanpgramanJja (King of
Kifhhnilraj

to Kshemagupta, (King of

Kashmiri.)

Tanvangga.

Gungja.
I

Aninta (King
KX-hmira.)

of

Malla.

_
Uchchala.

Kalishardja, (King ol

SAihmlia.)

SuaJdla.

Hinbideva,
(King of
Kiialimfra.)

2(38

KINGS OF KASHllfBA.
Yattadeva and other DSrnaras
loft
left theic

Now
his

work at

i '

wheels and joined him. Uchchala

Sangvamapala and*

army aud

arrived

at Rajapurf,

where the queens

in the

assisted him.

He

took his

meals there, aud when

evening he was going to'his residence, the army of Kalasharaja attacked

him

outside the palace.

The

gateB of

the palace too were closed by the ' queens after he had

gone out.
others.

In this affray, Uohohala lost Loshtava&a and

'

And when

the principal

men

of the place

inter-

vened and Btopped the combat, Uohchala'a Bmall army

became smaller.

He was
moon
the dark

reduced to

much

difficulty

on <.he day
fifth

of

fall"

'

in the

month

of Ohaitra, but
fearlossly
set

on the
out for

day

of

moon he

battle,

He

allowed Vattadeva and others to take their own courso

that they might create oonfusion in

the kingdom.

He
led

intended

to

enter

K&shmfra by the way which

Kapila,

through Bramar&jya.

grandson

of

Kshema,
*

whom
fled as

the king had plaoed at Lohara after /Udayasiha,

Uchchala entered the place.

TJohchala moved

before hia

army with aword and

Bhield,

and

arrived at
to
fly.

Parnotsa, and there compelled the royal

army

He

captured Snjjaka, Lord of Dff&ra, who was jrepqsing

danger, and soon entered
of

at ease and apprehended no

Kashmira.

Some

of

the Damaras and the people

Khasha, who inhabited the mountains and who were

mies of the king, now joined TJchohala.

ene-

KINGS OF KisnilfRA.

2G9

King Marsha trembled

"Hiear him,
all

to hoar that the

if

enemy was
fallen

so

unexpected, and as

he had

from the

sky or risen from the ground.

as to

He was

at a loss to think

how

to prevent

Uohchala from entering Kramarjyya

Mancfala.

and

killing the

Lord of

Dandauayaka, who

had collected an army, being delayed, the king sent

Fatta with a large force.
will

But whether
he

it

was tbe

oT

the gods,

or bocause

was seized with u

desire to rise in robellion, Fatta avoid od the

enemy and
the king

loitered in the way. Tilakaraja

and

others,

whom

had

sout,

joined Patta, but did

not advance on the

enemy.

Danditnayaka and others wero also puzzled, so

that Uchchala gained firm footing.

When
garland

Uohohala was entering Yarahamula, a goodto

omened mare came

fell

him from tho enemy's side, and the

in-

from the neck of the Great Yaraha (an

carnation of Yishnu)

on

his

head,

as

if

crowubg him
left

king of the world.

Kaka and

other warriors, born of

'Vaidya

caste,

opposed Uohchala, bo that he

Hushka-

pura and turned towards Kramarajya.

.

Hearing of his

approach, the

Damaras became

excited

and rebelled

against the Lord of Mandala.

They

killed Yasharaja

and pthyr

good warriors, and

his power.

defeated the Lord of

Mandala and crippled

The Lord

of Mandala

Blowty retreated to Taramulaka, and the Damaras, led by

Uchchala, followed him there.

at the

The Lord of Mandala was

for

head of

his

army and could not

a long time bo

captured.

A'great battle

was fought between, the two

270
armies.

KINGS OF KiSHllflU.
f

On

the other hand A'nanda, maternal nnole

of

Uchchala, assisted by a great number of Ddmaras,

effectou"

a rising at

Madam At the
all

time of rebellion the Dimaras

like the black bees

came from

sides

by thousands,

from the oaves of the Himalayas -when the winter is The unfortunate king had under him Sahela the over.
great at

Hampana, who was

useless to him, like the,Lord

after fight-

of Dvara.

He

was attacked by A'nanda, and

ing

many

battles fled

from Madava.

.On the other hand,

Uohohala surrounded the Lord of Mandala and captured

him with
soldiern

lite

army.

Who can

describe the foeling of tho

whon they know

captured, the

that,

mail

as

they were, they had been

armed and protected by made oaptivos.

still

Though
loyal,

Lord of Mandala
his

remained
per-

wishing well of

king

for

honorable

sona, even
fidility

when
to

in extreme danger,

do not forget their

the conqueror
1)

to their

masters.

lie

advised

immediately

enter the

town,

(capital

iuduoing

him

to

believe

that

he would not

have another

similar opportunity.

He

thought that Uchchala's army

'would be busy in plundering the villages

and

city

when

Uchchala would be entering the

capital,

and

so there

would be a

diversion.

Uchchala was accordingly" induced

immediately to enter Parih&sapnra,

difficult

whenco

exit

was

on account of the water on

his

all sides.

The Lord
at night
his

of

Mandala then urged

own men to

set fire

to the house in which he

and Uchchala lodged; but

life.

men refused to

do so and thus saved his

If his body

KINGS OS KiSHJlfai.
had been as strong
*not
ess

271

his

he have effected

mind was vigorous, what would who did not care for his own life.

who is partial to the low, and makes heroes weak in body, while neuters receive full development.
Fie to Fate,

The hide

of the tortoise which lives in water

is

impeneis

trable, while the skin of the lion,

left

who

braves battles,

without the hard cover.

The Lord

of Maudala sent

a messago to the king that he had induced the fox

(Uchchala)
into

that place, and had thrown him boforo

the lion (the king), and aakod him to the fox.

come out and

kill

The* king marched with

conquer or to

his soldiers, all deter-

mined

either* to

die.

The

royal

army

reached the bridge of Bharatn, aud by some contrivance

killed

the enemy's soldiera

of Maudala,

mid

crossed

the bridge.

The Lord
killed

who was

at tho enemy's post,

now

joined the king's

army, aud attacked the enemy and

many

of

thorn.

When
within

Uchcbala'a

army was
One

broken, some

of the JSngdhikas fled,

and some of the

Damaras -took Daniara named

ists

shelter

the Eajavihgra.

Trilkisena entered the Vihfirn, the royal-

mistook him for Uchchala, and burnt the building.

Uchchala and Somap&la fought for a long time in the

midst
*>f

the royal c'avalry,

but were at last dissuaded

fight,

by Janakacbandra and others from the unequal

aud were so rescued from the jaws of death.
Uchchala then went out of ParihiCsapnra.
kavalo,

At GoariFlushed

be

crossed

the Vitasta

on horse bock, and

returned to Taramuluka with

the Dfimaras.

272

KINGS

01?

EASHllfRA.
r

even as gamblers beoome with a

praised himself

little success,

the king

and returned

to his capital.

lie did uot<

pursue his euemies, a oiroumstance which encouraged

the

Damaras,

notwithstanding
the pVudent

their

defeat.

In the
to

month of Jaishtha
re-assemble his

Uchohala determined

men who had fled.

This undaunted man,

although defeated, had full reliance on his

own

strength,

and made extraordinary preparations in the midst 'of a

famine.*

When

Uchchala had got possession of

Pari-

hasakeshava he had preserved the image, but the king,

on obtaining possession of the town, uprooted

the sky remained pervaded with au ash oolpr.

it,

and

from that time to the timo of the king's decapitation,

This
part of the country had formerly beeu dark, even in day

time lighted only by Eupihd (a kind of plant), but had

become lighted, as the people

the god had been set up.

say, sinco the

image of

Now

it

became dark

again.

The
became
pura.

king-,

now

that the enemies were a Snssala

little checked,

inflated.

now appeared towards

Shura-

He was

the younger brother of Uchchala, and had

lived at Avanaha, where

he was roused from his lethargy

by

brother.

and order to join his elder The king of Kalpa assisted him with a few horsemen, and it was long before he oould part from his
his father's

rebuke

benefactor,

and hence

his delay.

The

brothers,

who had
enemy,

hitherto manifested a bitter

hostility

to the

now employed milder means

in order to deceive'the

* See page 261,

KINGS OP EASHMIRA.

273

enemy. ^Sussala gaiaed a viotory over the king's com""jnander

Manikya, and won nob only reputation, but

also

wealth

from the

battle-field

of Shurapura.

Thus
dis-

the opening of his career

was

brilliant.

The king

regarded Uchchala

and sout the Lord

of Mandala, Fatta

and ethers, to fight with Sussala,

cing.

who was

rapidly advan-

Susaala broke t'he

army

at Shurapura,

and many

of tra king's soldiers

were drowned and perished in the

water of the Vaitarani.

In this battle the rebellious and

powerful Darshanapfcla was defeated.

the king's

The

survivors of

broken army fled on the next day to Sahela,

Sahela fearing an attack from

who lived at Bokapunya.

Sussala, took

shelter
oity.

with the remnant of that broken

army within the

straits

Thus the king was brought to

His brother Uchohala, who was at

by Sussala.

Taramula, gained ascendance.

Uohohala was led by the Damaras, who were mostly

foot soldiers,

and who

terrified

the oavalry* and onoe

more passed through the

led to Lohara.

difficult

mountain path which

The king

too again

made Udayarija
of Uchohala and

Lord of 03 vara, and sent the Lord of Mandala to Lohara to

subdue Uchchala.

The maternal uncle

-at

Sus^la now arrived

king's

Padmapura, and none of the

to accept from the king the

ministers ventured

governorship of Eampana.
sigb,

" who

is there for

And the king asked, with a me V On which Chandraraja took

to the

from' the king's

lordship of

hand the garland of In vestment

This

'Eampana.

man

acted as befitted

the

274

KINGS OF KiSHMfRA.
r

line of Jinduraja, &o.,

who

slept with

death.

ThuB he
hour
?

was made the Commander-in-Chief in the

danger, just as the son of

last

Drona was made by Duryodhana. He marched out, and drove the enemy from Padmapura. In the month of Bhadra, on the ninth
bright lunar day, the usurper of

Eampana

(the maternal

uncle of the rebel brothers) was killed at Avantipura by

Chandraraja,
conquest.
his

who was slowly going on

in his march of

His death happened in

.this wise.

Leaving

army

to fight near Gobarddhanadhara, he was hear-

ing songs, attended only

Burprised and killed

by few
his

persons,

when he

was

by

enemy's ""cavalry

which

went by the way along the Vitasta.

careless

"Where do the

prosper

The king saw

his head which Chan-

had sent to him, and thought that fortune waa yet in his favor, and hoped for victory. Fortune, when
draraja

she deserts, sometimes turns baok, even as a lion turns

back when retreating.

slowly

Chandraraja, thus strengthened,

entered Tijayakshetra, dividing his" army into

eight or ten divisions.

Like the weighman, Fortune would not keep the

scales unadjusted.

tiro

On

the third day, the Lord of Man-

date's

army were put to great trouble at Loham by untimely rain. The soldiers, oppressed by the cold wind,
and drowned in the

mud

of the paddy-fields, soon

left

their horses, swords, mails, &c.

Though the kind-hearted

and
others.

TJohchala protected the Lord of Mandala,he was found out

and

killed

by Ganakaohandra

Harsha's

KINGS OS KiSmrfRA,
1

275

officers w<9re

mostly rebellious, but tbis

man won fame

otherwise,
ill

Hy

sacrificing himself.
Trivtuos

Like Devasharmma's, tbis man's

;

high

are adorable

for

bad they been

some one or other at least would have spoken

him.

of

About
pura,
this

this time Uchchala,

who had

bean,

to Hiranya-

waB coronated by BrShmanas

there.

Harsha heard

aad became disheartened, and was advised by many

ministers

who were with him to go to the hills of Lohara them, "There the subjects were submissive to with
you before, and

we

displeased with their

new

king,

and

they will soon, ctone to take you there, or you

proceed to tho spot."

may yourself

But the king replied that he could

His advi-

not depart all of a sudden leaving his wives, his treasures,

his

throne and other -valuable things behind.

sers

urged

that faithful

men
if

could rido with the females

and treasures of the king, would .be no disgrace

"kings,
flesh,

and as

for

the throne,
it,

it

others sate on
of the low

seeing that

who loved women

had once
if,

caste eating dog's

filled

it.

"Let

that go," said the king j

give."

"say

you have other advice to

The

ministers

angrily replied that kings

who

ruled in accordance to the

in a battle

maxims

of Kshetriyaa/'

and considered death

a blessing, gave no rest to their army in this world.

Want

of endeavour, vanity, fear,

and

difference

among

ministers

and not enemies, were the foes that increased the danger of the kings. The idle who did aot super, intend his 'work, but relied on his servants, met

276

kings or kAshmIra.

danger at every step, like a blind

his
staff.

man who trusted to The fool, blinded with vanity, who did not arm"
Even Indra in time might degeneis

himself even against a small enemy, wilfully Buffered the

enemy

to gain strength.

rate into

a reptile, and even a reptile might attain the

Indra,

greatness of

So to think that one

strong and
whosejire-

another

is

weak was improper vanity.

He

parations are incomplete can strike

queror, can destroy
preparations.

panio in a conin his

him though hebe complete

Even tho rioh and well-to-do people were sometimes attacked by the poer, and %hoso dependent
j

on others

and why were the former overcome and were

latter?

afraid of the

Or why could they not show

their powers?

Nothing could be accomplished when

there

was

difference

among the
if

ministers,

as in har-

rowing nothing was done

the two frames were drawn

by turns instead
country,

of

being drawn together.

all

Though
<of

the king were possessed of

the resources
his

the

but depended on
his
life

hope,

enemy, though

weak, could take

followed

and

his

kingdom.

He who
to' places

the

enemy
foe,
if

and

marched only

attacked by the

never conquered.
fall

Fortune might

be adverse, yet
warriors,

the king

iu battle, surroufided
fell

by

he won fame.

Only the fortunate

in the

furious

battle-field,

their pride

satisfied, their persons

deserving of respect,

and

all

blessings realized in them.

-

Considering death in battle a noble action, the

triyas

Kshe*

became

fearless as gamblers,

<

KINQ3
.

off

EAsnsifnA.

^77

The ministers wlib gave this advice were, however, "\tsked by Harsha to give other counsel ; on which they sighed and said to Ihe king, whose time of death was
drawing near,
TJtkarsha did,
befal you."
hiinself,

" Can you die

for

in the

hour of danger as

otherwise some unworthy fato will

He

replied to

and

asked them to

them that he could not kill kill him when in estrcmo

danger.

When

they heard the unmanly words of their

said that they could not help him,
so.

master, they
as they

wept and

were not bostowed with the powor to do

Suroly

the king

had employed leasts

live

in

human
you

shape.

Though

you
the

may
ond
;

for

a yuga,
is

still

shall have to die in

therefoio it

shame

for servants

to display

whoa success can bo achieved by the sacrifice of Even women enter firo thiulring of their lova ones body.
cowardioe
for their lords.

Who
for

then ciu be baser than he who for-

gets his love

his

master?

Thoso who,

liko actors,

timidity, are unaffected by their master's sorrow, fear or

make
shrines.

the' earth
lie

unhallowed, although
sees his

it

be full of

who
cow,

son oppressed with hunger,

his wife*

taking service

under other men, his friends

yielding milk, crying for

fainting, his

when

want of
his-

food;

his

parents dyrag bat not getting food, and

master subdued by the enemy, has no worso thing to

suffer in hell.

The king again said to these beasts form, I know what I should do, but
bewildered
as

in

human
miudia

my

of one possessed, with devils.

No
X

ono

278
will

KINGS

01?

KiSHMfRA.

enjoy the kingdom so well and so completely as I

have lately done.

The saying that death and

in

pros-"
alone

perity live on the lips of kings is verified

me

in Kali ynga.

Why

should a mortal grieve at the

approach of death, when Budra, TTpendra,

Bhall pass away.
that,

Mahendra
viz.,

One thought alone

fault,

grieves me,

through
like

my
is

the world which was like a

wife,

will

be

an old fomale servant in the possession

powerful enough to wjn her.

of

any ono who

time,

From

this

now

that the

kingdom
it is

is

weak, any one

will aspire

to

it,

knowing that

attainable

by

coifepiraoy.

Those

that are rising, though of small strength, will laugh in

pride to see tho fruitlessnoss of mighty attempts.

Even
ends in

impartial peoplo do not blame the endeavour

brilliant success.

if it

Tho parade
of the

of wealth

that I made

for the

benefit

people will
is rising

stupidity.
will

Uchchala,

who

by
I

now be reckoned as his own exertion,

laugh at

my

good works.
fear, for I

am
me

calm through
sort
of

shame, and not through

death.

wish for this

that
if

For I wish

it

to be said of

my own

people had not snatched the kingdom from me, "no one
else

could have taken

it.

In old times," continued Har-

sba, " there

was a king named Mukcfipida, who wra a shinkings.

ing light

among

But

his enemies took advantage

of his weakness, and he died miserably.

left his

Muktapfda had

army

at various places at Utlarapatba, and, when

attended by a few men, had his passage opposed by

his

enemies over a

diffioult

way.

There king Shalyn,

KINQ3 OF KAaHJtfBA.
with eight lacs
of Tiorse, determined
-was.

279
lo captures

him,

^without any arms as he

Muktapida's judgment
all

was bewildered at the failure of

his plans,

and he

asked his chief minister, BhavasvSmi, as to what "was to

be done.

The

minister, after cool deliberation as to the

means of

esoape,

and knowing destruction

to be inevita-

ble^ Baid that those

who

aspire

after

fame, follow the

path of duty and keep their judgment sedato.

Those

who understand
the

their duty, try to maintain their fame,

itself.

and the attainment of kingdom follows of

body parishes, an4

his
is

is

reduced

to

ashes,
is

When man is

remembered 6y
smell.
Btill

fame, even as ocunphor

extinct, the

known by

When
is

life

name
who Tho

of tho renowned
praise him.

dwells in the tongues of those

to live
till

To

be famous

the end of time (kalpa), for sedate do not

to rob wealth

fame exists without diminution.

think of
^

and power.
tion
;

money when Brahma

the

enemy attempts

often disgraces those in high posi-

through the agency of the elephant he destroys

the lily from -which he himselfi was born, and he insults the mcftn through the Chandla (eclipse).

They who can

maintain their fame from such vicissitudes which destroy

renown," degrade
one' suddenly,
are indeed fortunate.

The cane that grows on the mountain and dings to the bamboo and Bets fire to the wood to maintain its dignity is degraded by kings, who place it in the hands of
door-keepers.
desires,
'

Having enjoyed to the

full

thy heart's

you should now try to preserve tho beauty of

280
thy fame.

KINGS

01?

KlsnidBA.
f

Pretend to be suddenly "attaoked with

kills speedily,

Darir
tell"

dakalasaka disease, which

and I shall

you to-morrow what more you will havo to do to avert the danger.' Thus saying the prime minister withdrew, and reached his own house. The king pretended to
havo that
disease,

and rollod on the ground

restlessly

and

wept, and kept his eyes steadfast.

Perspiration, spasms,
jpoople

vomiting and pains

in

the hody, indioated to the

that the king was dying.

believe that the king
gratitude,

The minister pretended

die,

to

would

and in order to show

fireS.

his

perished by cnteringjnto

The

minister.

did not say to the king what was to be done next (as ho

bad promised

to do.)

But

the king was in heart pleased

with him at his

solf-saorifice,

and said that he was

he attained fame
So,
if

young and was able to bear pain, and bo he too entered

into
fire.

Thus by

his

self-sacrifice

which he had not obtained by

his deeds.

any

disgrace comes to the great, they can rid themselves of

it either

by

their

own

or

by

their minister's judgment."

this,

When king
him
to send

Harsh a had said

the ministers advised

fort that iiis line

hissonBhoja within the

extinct.

might not be

After the prince had set out with

due ceremonies, the king, through the advice oftDaudan&yaka, caused him to return.
presence of mind,
danger.
all

Judgment, courage, and

were

at once lost in the impending

all

"Wealth,

fame, heroism, and power, are

sub-

servient to

good fortune, even as lightening, herons,

rainbow,
all

thunder,

and

depend upon clouds.

In

KINGS OF KiSHMfBA.
his
dayt} of prosperity,

281

the people wondered

why

the

>king,

who was

superior to all in

wisdom and

valor, did

not attack Indra ; and in the days of his misfortune, they

wondered why the king, who was so

foolish,

infirm, inerfc

and

blind,

was born on earth.

travelling allowance to the Tantrf

The king allowed

soldiers

in

who were within the town, and whom he sent order to oppose the enemy. The king's servants,

with their friends, took shelter with the opposite party

and those who did not go were induced to remain by

money.

Only
1

^fcwo

ois three remained faithful and did

not think of going over to the enemy, but

why should

they be praised who died like women.

There was one

dancing girl named Kanashrivatl born in tho family of

dancing
girls.

She adopted one Jayamatf of unknown

parentage as her child.

Now, when
first

this latter attained

her youth, she did not marry,

Avaricious of wealth, she

but loved Uohchala.

entered the zenana of the

Lord of Mandala ; and on his death she shamelessly went

over to Uohchala, and through her good fortune became
the principal queen.

The

king's servants shamelessly

went over to Uohchala, placing their gura at their head,

and accepted his pay add thus
ShrflekhS's
lost

the respect of the army.

nephew

(brother's son)

had a son named

killed

Vaddamanggala.

The king attacked and

him

to

give vent to his anger on the relatives of Mails.

xaxi, wife of Vaddamanggala,

Shvaah-

nal uncle of Uehohalft,

and daughter of the materwent to her home and burnt

2S2
herself.

KINGS OP ElSHMiRi.
t

The daughters of Shahi

silence

told the king-jthat tho

great and proud Malla (Uohchala's father) concealed^

under his vow of

cruel

heart,

and was

like

Yama, and was

creating

disaffection,

among the
fear.

king's

people in order to obtain 'the kingdom for his son.

advised the king to kill

him without

They The king

attacked his house in person, and l'emained stationed at

the door.

Malla came out to satisfy the kingrbl'his

innocence, and though entreated

like

by

his sons, the

saint-

man

did not leave the king.

In order to gain the

king's confidence,

Malla

sent out from his house thq

stop-brothers of Uchchala,

named Sahlaua, "&c. The

fire.

king, lived

whose death was nigh, was angry with Malla, who

as a hermit and worshipped shipping his gods, he was

While ho was worhis enemies, and

summoned by

he issued out

in that very dress to fight.

He

issued out

in his attire of devotioii with ashes,

&c, on

his forehead.
like
'

The

black" aud the whito

hair on his

head looked
a-

the meeting of the rivers at Prayaga.

His cap was

his

helmet his umbrella, his shield, and his stick his sword.

Some
the

of his servants

whom he had treated kindly

fell

in

scuffle before

he came out.

Two Brghmanas, named

Udayaraja was

Itathavatta aud Yijaya, as well a& Pouragava, ^pshtaka

and Sajjuka
wounded,

also perished in the affray.

killed.

but not

When

Malla saw the daors

completoly be3et with the enemy's soldiers, ho, leaving

his work aside, leapt on their heads.

White through' age,

he moved over the swords and

shields, liko aTiaugsa, over

KHSTGS.

OB EiSHlrfaA,

283

the mcaa and lotus, and -within a short time

,

was seen The

lying

down

pteroed with a hundred

sharp arrows.
off,

king was riding over the place and put

the head of Udayaraja,
aotion. of

in his pride,

who was

already dead.
?

What

the king was not miserable

Queen Kusumalekba, beloved of Malla, perished by fire that was kopt up in the house. The* young wives of Saklana and Rahla, named Aptasati
throwing herself in the

and Sahaj&i daughters-in-law of Malla,

the
up,
fire.

also

perished ia

Six fomales of tho

family, delicately brought

thus perished in Jho flames.

left

Those conflagrations

took place on'tUe

fires

banks of the Vitastaj and the

the

and hot

tears

warmed

waters of tho

river.

Nrmda

(wife of Malla,)

mother of the future

kings,

and

descended of noble family, was living in tho zenana on the

other side of the river,
fire

when she saw

the smoke of the

and became anxious.

She saw from the terrace of

her house the armies of her sons on tho north' and south,
*

and cursed the king that, within few days, her sons would
revenge the death of their father, even as Parashurania
did.

She then perished

;

in the fire

whioh was kept up in

the house

as also Chandra, a nurse

who was unable

to>

bear

tt*

sight of the" fire

nearly extinguished over the

ashes of one girl

whom

she had nursed

to

with bee milk,

flames appeared

an* she burnt

like

herself

death.

The

danciug female servants.

killed,

The king was nearly

by Darshanap&to,

but was accidentally saved

Ho

survived the robeUiott in ordos to

284

KINGS 07 KASHilflU.

suffer insults hereafter,

and he was 'yet

more.

Hallo,

was

killed

to live One year on the ninth dark lunar day in'

hie sons

the month
their grief

of

Bhadra ; and when

heard of

it,

was only replaced by anger.

On

the next day Sussala went in fury from the villages

of Vahnipuraka, &c, to Vijayakshetra.

Chandraraja

set

out to meet Sussala, but was deserted by Patta aud DarshantipSla with their armieB ; but though desertGcf, he
fought gallantly for a long time with his small army in
Bpite of great odds.
favorites,

In this

battle,

two of the
fell.

king's

Akshotamalla and Chaoharimalfo,

after

Chan-

drarSja,
fall of

and

him Induraja, were

all

also Hilled.
left

On

the

Chandraraja,

hopes of success

king Haraha.

When

Sussala entered the country, Fatta and others

flatterers,

were alarmed and wore the garb of king's

entered the palace, and shut and bolted the doors after

them.
outside,

The

courtier

Fadma was wounded

who wished

in the scuffle to
die,,

and Lakshmidhara,

was

brought by the Damaras bound.

treasury

Sussala went up the

at Vijayeshvara,, and saw below the royalists

beasts.
safety,

panic-struck like

The wily Sussala smiled and

gave assurance of

and so caused Fatta and Darsha-

napala to be brought before hint.

staircase,

the followers

As there .was no of Sussala palled them up like

Sut

dead

men

with ropes tied round their hands.

Sussala relieved them of all troubles

their proposal of going

out to foreign

by consenting to countries aud hide

their shame.

But

after

listening to the kfnd words of

kings op KismifBA.
r

285
repast over
fried

Sussala,*

aud makicg a comfortable

ardour to
leave

tmoat,

their

the

country cooled oa

that very day.

Sussala obtained possession of the place

by the most wonderful means.

maternal uncle of flarsha, and
Efijas, as
Tj

For

Jiisata,

Bon of the

raadhara,

&c, three other

well as Rajpoot cavalry and

still

Tantri chieftains,

and a large army,

remained ou the side of Hie king.

Whfl<? these collected in the courtyard of god Vijayeehvara, Sussala went up, breaking through the gate, alouo

and sword

in hand,

and abused them

in auger.

Tlioy .sub-

mitted, and hotissured.thcm of safety and

made

the god

witness of

his?

assurauco.

And when ho had re-awonclM

his house, his people brought to his palace, adorned with

gold and
laid

silver Lilted swords, those royalisfj who hail down their arms, their bauds tied with ropes. lie placed them under the custody of the Duuitmw, and they

were herded like beasts.

Suqsala remained
Bet out,

there for three days, after which be

village

and when he Lad reached the

of Suvar-

nasanura, *he liberated

TatU aud

Darsbanapala, who
Pattti then

consented to go into foreign countries.

went

to Surapura, where he joined his wife, but the weak

man

forgot bis promise

tion Darshauaplila

to^o

into exile. to

And

whatever inten-

may have had

leave hi* country,

was

now

relinquished for hi friendship for Fatta,

Now

Sussala obtained possession, of tha capital, and

inte'nded to usurp the

kingdom

for

himself beforo hia

brother could arrive.

And

with this object ho tlwHjjut

'

286

kings of eAshmIra.

of fighting with his elder.

other,

The two brothers lovSd

age,

each

and were of the same

and both wero

powerful,

bo that there

was equality between them.

In two or

three days Sussala attacked several places, but remained

in the neighbourhood of the capital.

Bhojadeva, otherwise called Vupya, son of king Harsha,

set out fpr battle in

order

to

burn

Kalasha built by

Sussala.

Harsha, who feared that his sons mighFturn

against

him

as

he had rebelled against his

spiritless
tiiere

father,

brought them up as weak and

in this time of holplessness,

men.

But now,

when

wal none to check

If this prince

the prince, he led armies in some battles.

had been brought up

as his

great-grandfather had, could

rebellious kins-

he not have cloarod the country of the

men
tions

1
]

mon know politics, but mistake in its applicamany there are who are learned in the ShSstras,
All
for the

but few are practical men.

blamed

ingratitude of the father.

is

(sesamum orientale)
the perfumed
oil

The son should not he Though tila covered with rind, yet who discards
it.

which oomes out of

in

The

prince

showed great
enemy.

ability

fighting

agaiust his powerful

The wicked Pittha, son of Devefehvara, who hud been honored and promoted by the king, joined the enemy's
side.

Pittha's son, Malla,

to

requested the king to alTow

last

him

go to battle against Sussala, and was at

"

allowed by Harsha to go to battle.

heart to-day,
!

You

will

knew my

king," said the proud Malla as he went

KINGS Oi KiSHMfRA.
1

287
(hia father's

away.
i

3e

washed
in

""the

stain of his line

The king was not more grieved at the entire ruin which came upon him, than he was because he knew not before the loyalty
disaffection)

battle

in

which ho

fell.

man. Kings, puffed up \tith wealth and know not the hearts of men until it is too late to do anything far them than to lament their loss. The army of Sussala was defeated by prince Bhoja,
of this grateful

ignorance,

and he fed from (he battle to Lavanotsa.

hand,

On

the other

Bhoja returned from

his victory,

and sniFermg

from the hot 'rays

his

of. the sun, sat for

a short time with

father- in

a garden.

Ho

heard a voico from the

north side of the palace saying " the older son of Malla

has

arrived

prepare a bridge."
that
if

Daudnnfiyaka had

informed Uchchala
day, Sussala
in hastily,

he did not march that very

Uchchala came

would usurp the kingdom.

and

in the very beginning of the fight killed

DevarViyaka,

who was

stationed before Charadeva.

N4ga,

the superintendent of the city, with the royal cavalry

and a large body of infantry went out

had relied on
Sussala,
this

for battle.

He

superior

army

in the battle against

and ho did not now fear to meet "Uchchala, Uehchara feared Naga, and had a smaller army, but Naga, when he approached him, took off his turban and

bowed to him.
told
did.

But Uchchala did not

trust

him

after his

experience of the conduct of the Lord of Alandala, and

him

to retire to his

house at Dumba, which N<ga

The

fruit of Naga's disaffection was visible in thii

288
world, as country.
lie

KINGS OP KiSHMfBA,

ended bis

life

as

r a beggar hi (bis very

On

arriving to tbe river side, the king

saw the Damaras

white

black and disfigured on tbo other side of the bridgo ;

and among
mail.

them Janakachaudra Bbone in

his

The
The

great bridge of boats which tbe king had

built for bis

foes.

own

purpose,

now

served the purpose of .his

king was disgusted with the people, and calmly

saw tbe
bridge.

battle with his relatives

on

the,

other sjde of the

On

tbe other band, tbe daughter of Shghi and

other queens intendod to perish hi tbe names, and took

some

fire

with them, and ascended a house which had

a buudred doors.

As tbo

king's party

was unable

to

overcome tbe opponents, tho ladies were preparing to

light tbe
suicide
fire,
fire,

when the king forbade them

and weut
to the other side

to

commit

by

of the bridge

to join tbe battle.

Janakachaudra and his

men

drove

by

their arrows

tbe royal elephant which was

m the

front of tbe bridge.

The

beast, struck

by arrows in

a mortal part, retreated, vomiting and breathing hard

and treading on tbe king's

infantry of

soldiers.

This unfoftuuate
cavalry and

accident caused numerous deaths

among the

tbe royalists.

Kepulsed by tho enemy, 4he

king recrossed the bridge and entered the palace with a

hundred doors.

The king, who bad never been

away tbe

seen

even in privacy without garments, who even at tbe time

of taking his meals did not cast
royalty,

signs of

was now seen perspiring from fear and from

KIN03 <W KASHllfRA.

the heab of the sun,
-.

289
slipping
Lis

ilia

armour repeatedly

from
rest-

his

shoulders, and

as oftou replaced.

Through

the whip struck the horse aud made tho animal run, the reins fell from his hand, aud -were taken up and
lessness,

pulled again. His hair

fell to h?s

shoulders, and he drew

like caverns surround-

them round his

ed, hy

ears,

which looked

blaok serpents; and the sword dropped from his

hand.

"*

There were no ornaments in his

with his tongue.
disfigurod
his

ears, his red

lips
fre-

were pale and dried for want of

quently licking
his
it

betel,

and

lie

was

There was dust in

eyes,

whiofc

faoe

and made

it

pale.

He was
his

lookiug on his queens

behind him, and moving

about in the courtyard, and with his hand forbidding

queens to light the

pile

which thoy were ready

MallavjLja

to do.

There was a houso of

Janakachandra set

near the

capital,

lire to this

after

crossing tho river.

On

seeing the flame approaching

towards the capital,

Bhojs\ thought the

kingdom was

lost,

and

ilec!.

He

rode

out of the oouvtyard through the gate, pierced

great lances of the enemies.
,

with the

With

five or six

horsemen
arriv-

he weit towards Lohara, aud crossing the bridge,

ed before the Matha of Sinhavaja,
tearful: eyes

The king gazed with

which
his son

on tbe^direotiou

in

had

dis

appeared, and with horsemen went round and round the

hoflse.

In order to save some of the queens who in the

to oomrait suicide,

meantime were intending

the king's

men attempted to break in into the rectangular building. The daughters of Shahi, believing that the enemies had
Y

290
arrived,

KINGS OF KASHMfBA.

went up to the top of the rectangular house

on
fire.

and

set it

At

this

time the Damaras who dwelt there, armed

another, and plundered the

themselves and hurt one

palace with a hundred doors which was

now on

fire.

In

doing

so,

some

died,

some endangered

their lives, and

gome got things they had never seen

the objects of
ridicule.
it to

before,

and heoame
of camhis

Some took a mouthful

river.

phor, considering

be white sugar, and burnt

mouth, aud threw the pot into the

gold-colored pictures,

Some

took

and tho burnt clothes and ashea

belioving

them to be gold. Some Damara women thinking the pearls in which no holes had been made to bo rice, pounded them in mills. Fortune now left the kingdom. The beautiful and weliof varingated hues,
dressed females of the king were seen at every step to be

captured

by the cruel DSmaras.

Vasantalekha

aud

other sixteen queens, together with the wives

sons, perished

o> their

in

the flames.

The bursting 'sounds

of

the burning houses wero heard like the roarings of the

summer
from the

clouds on the sea.

The king saw these Hhings

side of Shripadmashif, a place for the distribu-

tion of water, and often and often repeated the lfoe com-

posed by the Eishis, " The

the Bubjeots
is

fire

that rises for oppressing

not quonohed
life."

till it

has burnt the king's

dynasty, fortune, and

TTchohala, accompanied

'the capital,

but finding the enemy

by the Damaras, thus burnt still possessed of sa

KINGS OB KAsnirfEA."
1

291
-wished to die in

array, r3-crossed
i

the river.

The king
family,

battle,

a wish worthy of lis

but was swayed

every

moment by

the wavering opinions of the infantry.

battle

The king was going to

through the advice of

Anantapala and other Rajpoots, but was remonstrated

by Dandanayaka at every

step.

Champaka

advised,

the^king either to go to battle or to Lohara, and the latter

Step

was deemed better by Prayiga.

But

the king, not

having beard anything of bis son, became anxious, and

ordered

Champaka

to

follow

the footsteps of prince

said,

Bhojadeva.
bo
left

Gh'ampakBi sighed and

" You

will soon,

alone with Prayaga, so do not send

replied to

mo

away."

And the kiug

disobey

him with

toars in his eyes, that,

"they say you never

rebelled,

then wherefore do you

shines, I

my

orders now.

Though the sun

cannot

see anything

without

my

son,

so

you cannot be angry

when he

shall

embrace me.

Even
his

iu these days there

difference

without cause between tbe prince and the

minister."-

Tbus rebuked hj

master, Champaka,

abashed and with downcast face, set out after the prince*

Of
all,

big

Norsemen and followers and his brothers,

set out with him, only five

fifty

in

who

were

left,

including

Not getting any himself,- when he crossed the river. news of the prince, he arrived in the evening at tha junction of the Yitasta and the Sindhu. The king sent
other faithful
his people,

men

in

search of bis son, while moro of

prince,

on the pretence of searching &r the

deserted him.

202

KINGS of slsnufiu.

Dandanftyaka was

now

the king's advisor&e same

*

man who had

taken bribe iu the wars with Kajapurf, &a,

servants,

who had employed unworthy

who was
fire,

the

cause of the royal army, being destroyed by

who

had opposed the prince when ho was going to Lohara, and who, when the king was busy
in

some other

battle,

had admitted the enemy

and
what
listening

into

the

city.

Harsha, weak,*

to

various advices, could not determine

if one-

to do.
all

As

the pipe will not sound

breathes

through
to

the holes, evon so the king could not come

any determination

from

tfce

several

advices

he

received.

When

even low people insolently

offer advice,
it

though unasked, according to their judgment

certain sign of the loss of fortune's favor.
eer,

is

The

chariot-

named

Troilokya,

who was

speaking to DaudanSyaka,
:

pulled the reins of his horse and said to the king

" On

former days your grandfather conquered with the help

of the Ekinugas, fighting bide

by

side

with the

Ktvalry.

So

let

us go near Akshapatala to colleot a similar army ;

falling
is

then

ou them we

Shall destroy the

enemy whose
army
scat-

army

mostly composed of infantry."

But wnen he
his

consented to
tered itself

move towards that place,

all

on

directions, as the crowd which 8omeB to

a theatre does when

overtaken

by

rain.

The king
to defray

gave the jewelled ornaments of his neck to the Rajpoots,

whom

he found on the other side of the

Vitastfi,

the expenses of his sou on the road.

oJ royalty

When

these ensigns

were given to his followers, the king looked

KINGS OF KiSIIMfKA.
shorn gf
,

298
o
his soldiers

his

glories.

The number

diminished at every step ; and when he arrived at Akshapatala, there was none to attend him. Tho king felt
suspicious,

and

in the evening

went round tho houses of

of the king did not

the ministers ; he waited at th3ir doors, but none allowed

him
'help

entrance.

The

false

friends

him

in this last extremity.

After passing by the

hotfsCB of all for help,

he entered the house of the minis-

ter Kapila.

At that time Kapila was at Lohara, but hia him shelter, and aftorwards to send him by boat to the fort of Lohara. But the king
wife was willing to give

was bewildeisd, and did not accopt the

offer.

The

king's sons

who had

rebelled against

him as ho

did against his father, hid themselves from him as bank-

rupts hide from those

to

who lend. The king now caruo know that he had done many things wrong by hearing
ilL

himself

spoken

of.

Previous to thi3 the ministers

used to hide
in

many

things from him.

Having

lost

hope

every thing, and mistrusting those around him, he

passed

wkh a

small retinue to Pradyumna.

it

When

tho

darkness deepened and

horses
stopped.

deepened at every
time the

step, the

At

this

proud Rajpoots,
their dynasties

Anantspala and

otfters,

who counted

thirty-six generations back,

deserted him.

When

tho

ki&g arrived before the temple of Johila, he descended

from his horse, and Dandanyaka and the king's younger brother now deserted him. His younger brother left

him on

the pretence that there was his fathcr-in-Ia*s(

house in the neighbourhood, and that he ouId return

294
after

KINdS OT KASHMfHA.

paying a

visit.

Prayaga asked the king's younger

for

forothor

something

the king's food, and be gave him

an ornament, but not saktu (powdered oats). The king, whoBe life was nearly at its end, was shorn of his glories, and had oply one piece of oloth to wear, and had Prayaga for his only follower. One Mukta, cook
of Jelaka,

who was

a sorvant

of Champaka,

now came

te

the king, and was received into his confidence. .When

they were wandering about, a

woman from

a cavern

in a rock told them that the land before them was not
passable,

owing to the canals being out ^or the supply

of water.

And when they bad

onllod
fort,

seated by the VitastS,

Prayaga
Jayapura

for

the boatmen, in

order to go to

Prayaga mado an agreement with the

iu tho neighbourhood to take

armed men who were

go.

them

to the house of Bhimadcva, where the king wished to

Bhimadeva was a partisan of TTchchala, but had

hia house.

Baid that .he would follow the king if the king would

come to

"When the boat was brought in by the

boatmen, the timid king

would not get

light of man's

into

it.

who was hurrying to destruction At the time of destruction, the

fails

intellect

and leads him

to death.

Iu

this

time of rebellion the proud^imba of Nilfishvfya

with his friendly followers instead of joining
to tho king

who, like ladies of the zenana, would not even look on

others,
J;he

Damaras went

who was looking out for

set in as if to

help.

The

rainy

scasou
;

now

wash the world

all

guilty of lebellion

what did not the king suffer then ?

The earth seemed without men, the rains darkened

KIN-88

OP

KiSHSlflJA.

205

sides, and he was without help and in fear of the enemy. For the interests of history, I must name those who should have been forgotten on oooount of their wicked

acts.

Within the
gods

forests of Pitrivana there

are

some
they

revered

who were

named Someskvaraj

belonged to

Somananda, the Siddba.

There in the
insig-

garden shaded by tho trees was a cot of Shinna, an

nificant hermit.
ohg,

He, with a prostitute named Bhisb-

generally
procurer.

known

as

Virahabhujanggf, led the

life

of

The king was then near tho temple of Pratapaganrisb*, and was brought here by Mukta who
ft

considered it -fo be a place for holy

led
Inst

men to

live.

Mukta

the way,
;

the king followed him, and Prayiga went

fitful

and thus they wont by the

light of the light-

ning.

Tho king reaohed the

cottage led by

Mukta and

Prayaga, without turban, wearing a sewed piece of cloth,

and sinking down with

fatigue.

lie

was grieved as he

remembered the hero Kandarpa who was driven out by

-

his evil ministers,

and who could have

;

extricated

him

from his present danger

grieved

he grieved even as Utpala had

when he thought by

of the Daitya.

Mukta

entered

the cottage

scaliug the wall,

yard,

and theu opened the

but the hermit was
in,

door

and the king entered the

not there.
foot;

When

the king uas coming

bled,

bis right

was cut by a stone and

and he knew by that

bad
was-*

omen

that bis death was nigh.

.

The

cottage

room

barred,

so that the king passed the dreadful and

cloudy night in the yard.

He passed the night sitting oa

206

KINGS OS KlSttMfttA,
1

besmeared
blanket

a muddy plaoe -which was prepared for sacrifice, and with mud, and covered with a servant's, His cares made him sleepless, though much

of his grief was allayed while he was nodding in sleep.

to-day?

"Who am I? Who has conquered me? Whore am I Who is my follower! What should now be done?"

Thus he thought and trembled every moment. "My kingdom is snatched away, my wives are burnt, iny'son
separated from me, myself alone and without friends,

without provisions for the road, and rolling in the yard of

a beggar ?" not find an

Thus thinkiug

of bra misfortunes, he could

instance, even in history, of aTparson

as his own.

whose

end was as miserable

On

the other hand, prince Ehoja reached Hastikarna

with two or three horsemen.

fancied that the

While thus

travelling,

he

kingdom would be
if

theirs again in five

or six days, even

Indra. were their

enemy.

What

does not a man,

when
all.

exoited by his valor, propose to do?

But

fortune mars

servant NSge&hvara, to
for the journey.

He waited at Eanggavata for his" whom hia mother ga*e provision

living, rebels.

Hearing of his servant's approach, he

issued from the

empty temple where he was suspecting nothing; but he was rattacked by tbe

When

the treason was discovered, the prince, true to

caste,

his

Kahetriya

displayed wonderful feats of brarery.

After killing his enemies in battle, like a lion, he died

the death of a hero, besmeared with blood.

Padma", son
fell

of his maternal uncle, and possessed of great valor,

overwhelmed with numbers,

Krcms QF KiBHMfBA.

297

Surjjamati.

At night Uohohala entered the monastery of queen His brother, too, tirod of war, came from
Hearing that prince Bhoja was dead, and living, they felt as if a pale had beon

LaYanotsa.

Harsha alone was

withdrawn from their mind, and only the point of a sword

was

left there.

Qn
the

the morning

Mukta sought out

and bowed

the hermit,

who

entered the cottage

to the king and unbarred

door of his rqpm.

The king and Mukta

entered the

room which was

grass

full of gnats,
flo-sr

and there was spread a

Ho,
flat-

mat, ancTthe

was sprinkled with water.

whose words 'bestowed honor on kings before, now

tered a beggar through fear.

The king was painod

at

the shameful

words and behaviour of the beggar when

requested for

some beggarly

food.

Prayiga gave the

hermit his wearing sheet to

to

sell,

aud sent

him

to

a shop

buy food with

its proceeds.

This man, with his rude

and indecent words, was a cause of uneasiness to the king,

and the king feared ho would be betrayed.

1 the beggai returned

At mid-day
on whoso

with

a.

female hermit,

shoulder he had placed pots containing food.

finding himself seen

The

king,

by the woman, despaired of Ms life.

the request of Prayiga, merely

Oppressed by

grief, he, at

touched the food presented to him by Prayiga, bat did

not' eat it.

Prayaga asked for news of the female hermit,

village,

who lived in

whereupon she
it

told

him of th
lie,

death of Bhoja.

Prayaga said that

news.

was a

but the
fallea i

king believed the painful

He had

298
battle,

KINGS OF K^SIIMfBA,

behaving as heroes oovet to do at the timePof

their

death,

but the king through the excess of

if

his grief la-

xuented as

he had died on his lap.

lie

saw in his own

person the necklaces which should havo adorned his

youthful son, and became
afilioted.

lie

was a&hamed to

think that hia boy,

whom

he should have proteoted,

life

had died

in that way, while

he was saving bis

by unson,

worthy means.

Thus oppressed with unspeakable

Prayaga asked tho king to go
to-

grief for^ hie

he spent the second night in the house of tho hermit.

Bhaga'vanmatha, but
that night he was unable through grief to think of it,

The night having the moon

and
it

for its face

seemed

to

moan;
and to

seemed to cry
heavy dews.

in the cries of Chakravaka,

weap

in

On

the morning Prayaga saw his

master hungry and thirsty,

breakfast.
full of rioe

and asked the hermit foe The hermit went out and brought two plates

and curry.

He

said that
feast

he had

Btolerutliosa

two plates from a

rejoicings

religious

of a householder, on
!

which Prayaga sighed andsaid

of the people

: " See, O kfrg

yon talk
like

seethe

on your dethronement."

The
fooll

king smiling replied : "

Why do

He who

is

gone

is

gone

his loss dos not

for their

create '"loss to
;

other people.

AH seek

own

pleasure
is like

no one
the dbly

grieves for others.

When
sets,

the sun, which

eye of tho earth,

the people sleep at ease.

Who
sou.

ever deprives himself of rest on account of his separation

jrom the

bub.

Having heard of the death of

my

kotos

Qjf

eAshmiba.

299

who

waif the life of

Why then blame others

again privately sent

my life, I sit here apparently at ease. V When the king had said so,
the hermit to prepare food.

Pray&ga rejected the two plates already brought and

The

hermit said that

sale

what remained

of the proceeds of the

of the

sheet,

after defraying the expenses of the

still

previous

day,

woiild hardly suffice to pay him,

he

would try.

Thus saying he went out

little

as if grieved.

Men
digest

of poor xiprtix cannot keep

secret ; they can

Amrita as

as

meroury.

Manoratha, the
to

friend
things.

and adviser of fte hermit, came

know

of these

He tWptod
if

the hermit

and

said

that they

would get richeB

enemies.
vant, for
Iltaraja

they discovered the

king to his
ser-

Manoratha
heard

was born of some low caste

good or had works of a

man

indioate his birth.

from them of Harsha's

it,

whereabouts

and informed TJohohala of

to capture Harsha.

and Uchchala sent him

that one Bhtfrjbhishohn,

Some say

of the
his

was the cause of the hermit and friend "going to Iltaraja.' If it be true, as many

Kayastha

caste,

have heard, that this servant (Bburibhisneha)

treacherously,

acted

then the various

to

insults that he
ride

was

subsequently snbjeate'd
shoulder of a CuandSla
his

(making him
well deserved.

on the

who
all

eats the flesh of dog,

and

death in prison) were

other hand, Harsha, being excessively hungry, and being repeatedly asked by Pxayiga, thought of tak-

On the

ing some food in

spite of hi* grief for bis. oa.

Expecting

300

KINGS OF E^SmifllA.
arrive with food, 'they
birds

the hermit every moment: to

fre-

quently looked out like

young

from the

nest.

They

Boon saw the cottage surrounded by armed men, and heard

the noise

made on

the bars of the door at the courtyard.

their danger,

They found out

colling out

and saw the

vile hermit

from the yard to their enemies to approach

Mnkta who was armed. Leaving Mukta, the king opened the door, and fearlessly took up a light knife which was
nigh.

Oue

cruel warrior

encased in mail,

and sword

in hand,

came to the king puffed up with pride and

courage.

Though tho room was rtmall, yet by

his skill

the king throw

him oa the ground, and^through mercy

spared his

life.

He

proudly said even then, that no end

fallen man.

would bo gained by destroying that poor

Another person,
cottage, entered
lifting

up oue end

of the

roof of tho

the

room, and ho was followed by

fell to

another,

but they saw him armed and

fear.

the ground

The king was standing on tho body of the one who had first entered tho room, and for a moment looked like the goddess* on the lion. Thfe last battle
through
of the king was not attended with loud yel*a or war
.

music, or the sound of the warlike instruments.

The

armed Damaras were entered intd the room

as cats to kill a rat in an earthen pot.

noiselessly

Another person
and

entered the

room through the

roof, killed Pray&ga,*

-wounded the king in the head and

arm ; and

having

eluded the blow aimed by the king, hastily struck him

twice

on

his breast with his knife.

Harsha twice

called

KINGS, OF KiSnilfRA. out tKc

301
fell

name

of god Mahoshvara,
its

and

dead on the
king, but

ground like a tree severed at

stem.

He was a

was killed in the hut

room.
faults

like

a thief who had fled into a

his
this

Never did he look so noble as now, nor were

ever so

completely hid from view as

it

at

moment.

Possibly,

was his aversion

to

war whioh

alone spoilt the nobility of his soul.

lay in being led
fault

Possibly his fault

others.
It

by the counsel of

was the

of his ministers
died in the

which brought on misfortunes.

He
fifth

Kashmfrian era sovouty-seven, on the

in

day of tho bright moon,

the

mouth

of Bhadra,

aged foi'ty-^wo years and eight months.

It was

by magic

that this king wishing, like Duryyodhaua to destroy his

relatives,

caused the

extirpation

of his

own

line

and

kindred.

He
(

was born when the Sun was

)

in the Cancer.

The low

un-Brahmanical
of a
thief,

people severed the head of

it

their master as

and sent

to

his

enemy.

When

bis head was severed

the whole world shook, and

the
sky,
it

although there were no clonds in

heavily*

rained

They who

fixed -the

head on a

stick

and did
actions.

other improper acts suffered greatly for

those

Tho beheading
ages'of gods,

of kings, even like the destruction of imiu this

re-

had "only recently been introduced

country.

TJcbchala, through a sense of propriety,

frained from lookiug on the head

when

it

was sent to
it

him

he remained thoughtful for some time, and had

!

burnt.

fie,

that the

body

of the late king, like that of"

a thief, should not have received the benefit of funeral

302
rites

KINGS OP KiSHilfflA.
f

without the orders of Uchchala.

Deserted Dy his

servants, his

own

raoe extirpated, himself naked, Harsha's

remains like those of a helpless

man were burnt by

as wonderful as

one

Gouraka, a wood-seller.
This long history of Ilarsha
is

Rami-

yaua or Mahavtaita.

Fortune

is

restless like the lightoojasi-

Ding in the clouds; and sudden rising brings evil

quences in the

end.

Still
is

the pride of wealth of those

"'gnoranci, is not

men, whose aspiration

assuaged.

clouded by
king had

Though the

lato

many women

in

the

zenana,

none wept for him ^though he had many

shrines.
indiffer-

servants,

none followed him or retired to the

It

is

shameful that men's minds do not beoome

to

ent

worldly

affairs,

and that they themselves do not

in their

retire to forests, after Beeing this heartlessness of persons

whose minds are engrossed

own

pleasures.
life

It

cannot be ascertained what there was before

began,
''two

nor what will come after death.

stages, living beings are

Between the

suddenly subjected to miseries,

and then retire no one knofas where, even like an actor

without head or
retires

legs,

who

aots for a while,

,

and then

behind the soreen.

As

the sun leaving the godless peak of the Himalaya

so the

dwells on Sumaru,

splendour of

royalty

left

the fallen raoe of UdayarAja and rested on that of Sitavihana.

Here ends the seventh book of Bajataranggipi by Kahlaua, son of Champakaprabhu the great minister
of KSshmfra.

KINGS, OB KisnilfBA.
1

303

Duing nmoty-seven years, eloveu months and twentysevea days, there

reigned

six

kings

of

the

line

of

Udayaraja.

APPENDIX
IfaMJ
dita'a

A.
Kahlana Pan-

we

give a lino-fov-lino translation of

the age of youando, the first king of Kashmfrft, mentioned in his book. In Kali Yuga, Gonanda and others reigned in Kfishline 48.
oaloulation, fixing
*

mira for
*

2,"268 years.

*4p.

Some authors have made

place

this erronooua calculation (as given in line 48) being misled by the supposia*

tion that the battle described in AlahaVarata took

the end of the Dvapara Yuga.

60.

For, if the

51.

62.

63.

these kings reigned be added together, and the sum be deducted from the years of Kali Yuga which are past, there remains nothing. The Kuvns and the Pandavas lived when 653 years of Kali were past. Now the 24th year of the Laukika (current) era coincides with 1070 of Saka era. From the time when Gonanda livod 2,330 years are
past.
a

number of years during which

'

64
65^

The

fifty-two kings (whose history is a blank) reigned for 1,266 years. In Chitrashilthaudi it is said that to troVel from one star (Eiksha) to another, the Great Bear (Munis) takes a hundred years ; and historians have given * the following calculations.

,,

66,

When

Yndhishthira reigned the Great Bear was at

star.

Magna
with'

He

therefore reigned
era.

at 2,626th

year (before) the Saka

Note.Kahlana PiShdifca makes Gonanda contemporaneous

the Dattle of Mabavarata, and fixes the date of that event year of Kali. rejects the opinion held by some Now the reigns of that- it took place* at the end of Dvapara. the kings whose history is known, covered a period of 2,330 the years, up to the lime of "Kahlana Fandita ; and those of of flftyJtwo kings whose history is not known covered a period
at 663rd

He

1,266 "years,

the first king of

making a total of 3,696 years, between the tune of Kfohmfra and Kahlana. But the first king,

Gkmanfla, lived in 653 of the Kali Ynga, henoo Kahlana lived in the year 4,249th of Kali. Again the author says, that he wrotehis book in the year 1070 of Saka era ; and we have just seen that Qonauda lived 3,596 years before Kahlana, hence we find that Gonanda reigned 2,520 years before the Saka era (as stated in lino 56). There prevailed a peouliar era in Kashmir^ called the Lauldka, or the current era, according to which, as

each century was completed, it was left out of calculation. "We have the author's statement that he was writing on Its 24th of this era. Deducting 24 from 3,596 we get 3,572 j^from the time of Gonanda), and this year was therefore the Close of a century of the Laukika era. Dividing it by 100 wo have 3572, i.o., Gonanda was reigning on the 72nd yea*' of the 86th century before the current Lauldka century in which the historian
wrote.
_

r~
'

above, it is easy tc fix dates according to the Christian era which is, roughly npoaking, 78 jdars before the Saka era. The following statemont of the times of Qouanda and Kahlana Pandita respectively, will shew tho dates at a
Kali.

Prom tho

Sala.
(Before.)

Laukika.
(Before.)

Christian Era,

B.C.
2,448

Qonanda
Kahlana

653
(After.)

2,526

*36-72
(After.)

A.

D.

4,249

1,070

1-24

1,148

APPENDIX
the Brahmana and
:

B.
his

Naga wife is thus Tee story of There was a tank in a garden which had clear and related sweet water, and in it lived a Naga, mimed Sushnv. Now a certain young Brahmana named Visikha, being weary of long travelling!, once rested in the shade of a tree beside the tank in the garden. And when he was relieved" of weariness by the pleasant air he fetched some water from the tank and was going to eat oat-flour when he heard the music of small b< Us, and saw two beautiful girls with sweet white eyes dressed in blue were
* Beckoning as 1 tho curront Laukika cantary in which Kahlana wrote.

fine lines

him. Their eyes were lined with o aollyriam, and i)ie gentle wind was moving lite banners the ends of their garments ovor their shoulders. The girls were eating some pulse. The Rrahruana stopped taking his meal out of shame, and was grieved to see creatures so beautiful taking such coarse food. iHe therefore invited them to what he had for meal, and brought them water from the tank, and expressed his lovo for them at the same time. And. when they had washed their faces and were seated, the Brahmana begauto fan them with the fan made of leaves, and said that it mii&P be in consequence of Rome virtuous actions done by him in timos past that he bad met them. With the curiosity of a Brahmana, he alsq asked them as to what race thoy graced by their birth, and how came they to be so hungry that they were eating such coarsa, food. One of tbem ropliodthat tliey wore the daughters of Naga Sushrava and that they saw no reason why they should noCcat coarse food when better food was wanting. "My name," continued bhe, "is Irdviuti, and my father intends to marry me to Vidyadharendr.1 ; and this is my youngest flwter named Chandvalekha." The Brahmana again asked them the reason of their poverty, to which tliey replied that he might put that question to their father, for he only knew the cause. "He will come," said they, "on the month of Jaishta on the twelvth dark lunar day, during the festival of Takshakaydtrd. ou will be able to know liini by lus crystal crown, and we Thus saying thoy went away. will also bo near him." NcfSr, when the festival approached, and the dancers and
issuing oot of the grove before

singers and spectators gathered, the Brahmana too wandered about there,di'awn by his curiosity, and recognized the father of the ihimsels by the signs they told him. The father too had been informed by his daughters about their meeting with the Brabinana, and now came forward to welcome him. In the course of oonver.-n.tion, the Drdhmana asked the Naga the reason of his poverty. " The proud and wise man who has the sense to distinguish right from wrong," replied the " Nag*, with a sigh, ewill rather prefer to hide his sorrow which good man cannot be remedied, than loudly complain of it. when he hears of th<=> misery of others) will be sorry if he cannot remove it. An ordinary man places much value on everything that he does, ami bnu'iifcs family ut every mlsfortuiio that he sufiers. He praises himaulf, and thinks himself wronged

IV
r

to bear any misfortune, and suggests > himself unfair means to get rid of it. He thinks that his miseries,, will last for ever, and grieves from the very bottom of his heart, and talks loudly of his griof and suffers eternally. Who oan know, however, the sorrow of those who are reserved, if their children and servant?) do not give them out ; but since mine has been betrayed to you by my girls, I will not hide it any longer. See if you oau do anything to alleviate it. Yonder you see a hermit under the tree, r who watohes the fields rich with harvest. It is through fear of him. that we have cannot eat anything of the new harvoa? befled. cause he eats notbing, so we are wellnigh starved. If you can do anything to dostroy his austeiity, and to make him eat of the new harvest, we know how to reward the service of him who does us a benefit." rje it so, said the Brahmana as be went away,, and began to think day and night " as to how ho could accomplish the task* Once when the hermit was sitting while his food was being cooked, tho Brahmana stole into the place and dropped some new rice into the cooking pot. And when ths food was ready the hermit ate it. Thus relieved of the religious prohibition, the N&ga greedily ato of the new fruits which he brought dowu from the trees by pelting at them, ami his misery was removed. Me then invited the Brahmana to his house, and f told his daughters to entertain the host and benefactor. After a few days had passed, the Brllhmana expressed his wish to return home asking at the same time his 'youngest, daughter, Chaudralekha, iu marriage as the favorite was promised. Though the parties ^yeve not ranrriageafe ( he being a Brahmana and she a Naga girl), the fathor consented, and also loaded him with riches. He returned to Narapura where he was passing his days in happiness and mutual affection whoa

when he has

We

'

the event narrated in the text happened.

APPENDIX

Sandhimati died impaled by tho orders of his master, and his corpse was thrown into the field where the dead wert>' burnt as has been stated in the text, The story of his revi-

'

ving is t% follows : His religious instructor named Ishana, though he was muster of his passions, was much afflioted to learn of Ms death, and went to that place to perform the last oeremoniea due to the remains of his pupil. Here he found the body fixed to the pale (pike), and reduced to skeleton, the wolves having devoured the fle&k j and the wind was passing through the hole in his head. Ishana began to weep as he disengaged the stick from the body; and driving back the howling wolves, he digged away the corpse from the place ; the hair of his late pupil oovered with dust touched his feet. But ffhnn he was going to perform the last oeremony, the following lines marked ou bis forehead by Vidb&ta' caught his " Poverty so long as he lives, ten years' imprisonment, eye death on a pale, and then kingdom a^am." Seeing that the first three lines had agreed with the fact, he became much anxious to know how tin fourth would como to pass. He "thought that FftSe was irresistible, and in spite of every oppoHe resition what was writ by Fate must come to happen. collected the history of king Paitha of Mauipura, who, when killed, was brought back to life by the daughter of a Naga 5 and Parikshita when burnt in his mother's womb by the arrow of Ashvatthamd, was revived by Eiishna. Who but Fate brought to life again Kaoha who was burnt by Daitya, and the Nagas who were devoured by Qariiila ? Saying all these to himself, he watched the skeleton in liope to see it revive again, Now, at midnight, while he was watching, his thoughts having drivai sleep away, he felt the smell of burning incense, and then he* heard the loud sound of drums. Soon after he saw Yoginii<coming that way with a burning light. They then got hold of the skeleton and ran away with it. Much, astonished he ran after them sword iu hand. He found them among the trees, seated around the skeleton, and repairing it. Each of tliem lent it a number of her own body, and having finished tKS whole, they negau to dance around it The corpse then rose as from a fcleep, and each of them began to caress him for which purpose they had brought him to #fe. When the night began to wane, Ishana feared that they would take back the members which they had supplied, and so he with a The Yogiww fled at the same yell rushed into their circle. time blading him not to fear, for they would not take back the members they had given, nor would they themselves be.
:

VI'

mutilated because of their gift ; and assuring him thSt through their blessings he would be king under the name of Aryyaraja Sandhimati clothed in heavenly robes and garlands, ana remembering tho facts before his death, bowed to his Guru. He, too, in excess of delight embraced him whom he never hoped to see alive ag.iin, Thy then, in wise conversation, began to discuss on the worthles>sness of the world. The oitizens
in the meantime having learnt what had happened came to the spot, both young and old, with tbe ministers of the Staje. They at first doubted the ideality of Sandhimati, but his speech dispelled thoir doubts. The Brahmanas then bathed lfte newly received heavenly body in the neighbouring grove, and he entered the city accompanied by his armyA r

APPENDIX
The
stories that are related of

D.

"

king Meghav&hana, aro

as

follow : One day when he was walking, he heard a cry neat him of " thief thief," and he also heard the voice of weeping. " Who is there, kill the thief," said the king in anger; after which the crying ceased, but he saw not the thief. Two or three days after when he went out to ride, some two or three beautiful women came to him for help. The kind-hearted king 1 stopped his " horse, and heard what they had to say. They made thoir obeisanoe and said : " merciful king ! Since thoe hast begun to reign, who shall fear the oppression of other men ? Ouce, when the sky ^as oovered with clouds, and the peasants were afraid of a bail storm and anxious to proteot their fields of ripened coru, they got angry with the $fagas who were our husbands and raised the cry of ' thief.' You hoas;i it and ordered that thy should be killed, and they were hound with ropes. Now have mercy on us and on them.'* The king smiled and ordered them to be released. The Nagas, thus freed, bowed, to the king and went away wifch their wives. p It is related that in an expedition which this king led against other*, he meditated when his soldiers were sleeping at ease under tbe Palm trees, how he could conquer the island before him. While thus thinking, he heard" a ory from the seaside forest exclaiming *" Even In the reign
1

'

Grieved to hear Meghayahana this man is killed." spot talcing with him an umthe king wont to tho he saw a hunter ohief killing a man brella j <md there Wore the temple of Ohandi. "Fie to your wicked act," said " you do not know what may betida the king to the hunter, afraid, and replied that his child rou." The hunter beoiime death, aud a heavenly voice had was lying on the point of proclaimed that if he saorificed tho man before the shrine would be saved. For a long time he offered of Chandi his child his child was dying, and his many no' sacrifice, and hence" the life of all. "You friendV.also would die, for the child was you not protect the child protect the helpless, and why do
of this

whose death many will lament." When the king heard the the suppliant look of the words of thtf> hunter "and looked on " Hear hunter, man who was boing sacrificed, he thus said your child and its many friends, as 1 shall protect botbyou and liere I offer myself a sacrifice bealso this friendless man. without fear, and lot them both live. fore the goddess, kill me Astonished at this great solf-sacrifice of the king, the hunter king, has got the better of your reason replied " your mercy, why should you disregard your valnablo life which should be saved at the cost of the three worlds ? Kings should not care friends or wives or sons for pride or fame or virtue or wealth or when their own lifo is in danger. Therefore have uo mercy on this man. If you live, your subjects as well as my son To this the king who was willing to offer himself will live." " "What do you know of justice, you a sacrifice thus replied who dwell in forests ; the inhabitants of the deserts know Do you, 0! fool, not the pleasure of bathing in the Ganges, oppose my attempt to buy immortal glory with this mortal bouy 1 Speak no more, if yon feel hesitation to strike mo, can1" Thus saying he drew bis not I do so with my own sword striking himself, his siffird, and when he was on the point of hand was stayed by a -'heavenly being, and his head was crowned with flowers. Auc? he saw not the goddess nor the divine pereonage hunter nor the victim nor the child. He said that introdeced himself Co the king as Varana.
1
!

captured the umbrella which stood over the king's head was by tho king's father-in-law named Itanmu from his city " Without the umbrella," said Varuna, "our in forfiier times. nuhjects are subjected t endless daugsis. Therefore, Wore

viiij

taking bnck this umbrella, I have tested your kindness, and magical show was my own creation." this The king then delivered the umbrella to Yaruna, and also offereu " even the kalpa tree was prayers to him, and auid that not equal to good beings, For the tree gave blessings when asked, while the good gave benefits unasked. If you had not asked the umbrella for the uenefit of your subjects, but had taken it for your own use, your act would not have been righteous. Charitable men do not favor their dependants by halves, a tree gives shade as well as fruits. Urged by my dependants I ask for some favor. With your favor-sThave , conquered the whole earth, now advise me how I can cross the ocean to the island." Then replied Varana that " if you wish, to cross the sea I will make its water hanf." The king acknowledged the favor when the god disappeared with the umbrella, On the next day, the king crossed the hardened sea, with his astonished army. r It is said that somo time after he had forbidden the killing of animals, a Brdhmaua took his dead son aud came to the king's door and began to weep. He said that as he had given no sacrifice to Dnrgd. who wanted Bome, his only son had died of fever that day. " If you do not save my son king by permitting the sacrifice of a living being I shall chief hold thee as the cause of the child's death. Say thou of men if thore is no difference between the life of a Brdhmaua mother earth I and that of -a beast. Those kings are dead, who killed even Bishis to aavo Brahmauas." When^he Brdh< vans, had said these and other harsh words through grief, the king thought that he had resolved not to kill animals, and asked himself if he should break his vow for the Brahman*. " But if he dies for me," he thought, " I shaP be guilty of greater sin, my mind is in doubt, nor can it choose either alternative, like the flower which falls in the whirl-pool where many currents meet. Therefore, by sacrificing myself, I, shall satisfy Durga, I shall save the life of the Brdhmaua and of sis son, as well as keep my promise." Thus determining he dismissed the Brahmana, promising to revive his son the next day. In the night, when the king was going to saonfloe him self, Durga prevented him from so doing, and brought the
! !

Brahmana's dead son to

life

again.

.-

'
*>

APPENDIX

E.

The visit of Shiva to the king is thus narrated At Shri hill the prince met a follower of Shiva named Ashvap&ila, who gave him gome roots, &c, to eat and said that
in a former birth he (Ashvapada^'fcad attained perfection and had asked the priuoe what he wanted, and the prince had asked to have a kingdom. " And when I was thinking as V> how your desire C&uld be attained, Mahadeva said to me thaNyou were his favored follower, and that he would fulfil your desire? fl?hus saying, Mahadeva disappeared." Thcso words reminded the prince of his former life, and with a desire of getting the, kingdom, he worshipped Shiva for one year, after which period Shiva appeared to him in the form of a hermit, and promised hjfn to give whatever ho wanted. Tho prince wanted to he king of the world, " Wherefore do you ask," questioned the od in the form of a hermit, " temporary enjoyment instead of bdlvation." The priucc answorcd, " I asked you for tho kingdom believing you to ue a false hermit, for surely yon are not Shiva, tht gi eat guru of the world. For tho great give mora than what is asked of them, they will give milk if a thirsty man asks for water. You cannot know tho paiu which

'

Shiva beoamo glad, and I feel for not getting salvation." showed his real person to him and said that " in due course, when you will be reigning, Ashv.ipida by my orders will warn ynu of your salvation." When Shiva disappeared, the prince took leafe of Aslwap&la and came to Kaihmira, The deUtb of king Pravarosena is thus told By the wders of Shiva, Ashvppdda addressed one Jayanta, a KaahinirianBiahmana, saying " I hope you are not weary of travelling, show this letter to the king.'' But the Bidhmana stf-d that he was weary of travelling, and could not set out Whereupon, 'A.slivap&'la replied that he was a that day. hei mit oPthe class that Married human .skulls, and as he had touched him, he should bathe So saying he pushed the Bi uhrnana into a, pond. Rising-from the water, when Jayanta opened hia eyes, he saw himself iti his native countiy, and the weiv;uits of the king busy in fetching water from the river for the king to woraHp. Jayanta found oppoiturtity to put the billet hastily Now, when the king waa in one of the water-vesbels. % * bathing Shiva Pravareah'a, the letter dropped from the pot, he
:
1

it, and sent for Jayanta whom, he Sismissed satiiffied with royal presents. The oontcuts of the letter were as follow : t " You have done what should have beeu done, you have given

read

large

gifts, and enjoyed what should have been enjoyed, your years are on the decline, what moro shall you do ? Come to the house of Shiva." The king ascended the heaven piercing through the stony house and the people saw him going towards Kail&sa across the clear sky, like another sun. The king reached the court of Shiva in his hunvvn body. Even to thi? day may be seen the passage through which the king made, bis " exit iuto heaven. r Jayanta who got riches by this strange means, built a village inhabited by Brahinauas, and called ^t after h.is name.

APPENDIX
The
selection of the spot for the
:

F.

construction of the new

city is thus narrated

'

sel out in order to ascertain the best place and time to build his city. The stars were reflected on the jewels of hi3 crown, and looked like mustard kept for charming away evil spirits. Ho then saw on the banks of a liver the trees lighted up by the light of the burning dead and on the other side of the river he saw a gigantic Hakblia&a with hands uplifted and making a hedious yell. TJiie fiery glance of the Kakshasa fell on him which made him turn pale ;* while the being filled the air with yells, and laughing aluud, said " If you and Vikraniildifcya and Shudraka *oe excepted, king 1 fulfil your patience exists not in this earth. I will desire, so cross the bridge and come over to my side." So saying he stretched his leg and made a bridge of it over Seeing the bridge made of his limb, the king ,,drew out river. his knife, and having cut out sonft flesh he made something like steps. The place where he orossed is still called Kshurikav&la. "When the king had gone over to'the other side, the Edk.shaaa advised him to build the city where in the morning the king would see a thread spread by him, and then diaappeared. In the village of SMiitaka the seat of Yakshp' Atta and the goddess SharM, the king found the thread left by the

One night the king

Bakauaaa.

APPENDIX &
is

Here

an account of the lives of this king and queen ou

:

their previous births

hi his former life was a dice-player ) ho lost everything in the play, and become indifferent to -worldly life. He then wished to commit suicide. Thus dice-players are never satisfied till they have lost everything, But then he fait a desire to see (he goddess Bhraniaravasinf who was in

The king

the

Vindhya hills, though the attempt might cost him his life, andtj Rot her blessing. For five yoyanas round the place
whore the goddess resided, the black bees used to sting those

who approached, and so made

the place inaccessible. But the 11 dice-player "thought light of the danger, for life ho thought waa transient. Ho first covered himself with mail, then with buffalo hirte, and then with clay and dung. The sun

dried up the cliiy, which gave him pain, and ho lookad like moving brick. Despairing of lifu ho loft the direct way and wont through deep dark caverns. The noise of the black bcea which deafened tho car, rose like the sound of death. Th that rose from the first layer of clay blinded their dust eyes, and though they stung, yet they could not oppose They rotirod for a time, but after the pilgrim had hira. proceeded three yoyanas, tho first layer of clay was all rubThen the bees fell on tho buffalo hide, and bed away. made a loud "ohata-ohabt" sound. When he had proceeded half ji yoyntismore, he knew by the " rana-ranii" sound that the bees" had fallen on lus iron mail. He then began to run fast, but the iron .cover was cut by the bees and fell off from his body, but still he did not lose patience. "When the house of the gdfldoss was yet two krnshas distant, he began to run djjving the black bees with his hands. Wlion he leached tier house, only bones ad small blood-vessels were left, his flesh being torn off; aud, his eyes were protected with his bauds. Then the bees ceased to sting, he looked round, and

The goddess almost dead at, the feet of the goddess. touched him with her hand and revived him, and renewed his body and made it good. Jle soon revived by tho touch of the heavenly hand and looked round, but saw not the awful figureVof the goddess seated on the liou that he had seen when he had* entered the room. But he saw a young woman
fell

xu
by the aide of a tank in the midst of a garden. Hor necklace was flowing over her swelling boaom, her small foot were dyed red, and her lipa were of the wune color. Her hair was*" blade, and moon-like was Iter fd.ee, and small was her waist.
Fiuding her so lovely and alone, he felt a passion for hor, and thought her to be an Apsavd. The girl then addressed him with kindness " you have sufiered weariuess in your way, 0! " My woarineas beautiful, rest yourself aud ask for blessing." is gone," replied he, " at your sight, and how can I ask you for " How you are mistaken, blessing, you are not the goddess." exclaimed she, " be I gmldess or not I can bestow favor onyou." When she promised that she would give him whatever he might ask for, ho disrespectfully asked permission to be familiar with her. " How ovil-minded you are^she exclcimed, " ask for any thing else, for I am the goddess Bhramaravasini.'' Even when he knew her to be the goddess, hisrariud would not bo calm, for who can oppose desires even \f> the next life. , He said that if she wished to redeem her promise, she must grant what he had asked fur, for he wished for nothing else, "Not the least part of that," continued he, " whioh is fixed by Be you goddess or be you the wife of fate is left undone. Shiva, be you hedious or lovely, I see in you the same being that I saw before." Hoeing him fixed in his determination, .she said that his desire would be fulfilled in his next birth. " Heavenly beings do not wish to cohabit with mortals, bo begone," sh said and disappeared. He then went to Praydga, and fell from the Vata tree ; his soul left his body, wijfhing in the last moment that the words of the goddess might be ful-* filled. He then became Randditya, and tho goddess became liauarambha in their next births, and they did ifot forget the history of their past births. n

APPEN
following story in iho text ;

D Jf
I

H-

The

is

related of the two images mentioned

On the day following, when the oeremony of invoking the divine spirit into the images was about to be commenced, an astrologer from a foreign country found fault with the images as they were filled with frogs and stones inside. And when

xm
to do, his goddess queen daughter of Himalaya was being -married to Shiva, Brahma who served as priest worshipped Vishnu. But since it was as useless to worship Vishnu alone as to worship Sakti without Lingo, ho made a Linga also. These images of Vishnu and Liuga were then taken from Brahma^ hy Havana aud were worshipped ai? Lankd, and were kept there for a long time. But after Havana's death, the monkeys took possession of thorn, and not knowing their value, threw them "" iiJto the lake Manasa. From that lake, I have caused them to be, taken out, and you shall see them to-morrow morning." She the)? went into her apartment, and through her invisible agents, oauscd them to be got out of the lake, and tho king to his great surprise saw them in the morning. Suddenly another image of Shiva, named Ranasvami, aroso from the oarth penetrating the ground, and then usoended to the heaven unSome say, however, that it was seen by all men. , perceived. In hnuor of this god, the quoen made tho holy Siddha versed in Ycdas porform many religious ccremomos. Before god Pradyumna, the king aud the queen raised two images of Shiva, named Kanarambhasvatni, and built a house for Shaivas.
1

the king was moditatinjj as to said to nitu thai; when the

what

APPENDIX

Once upon a time a Brihmana woman appeared in the court, aud, when asked by a Justice as to the reason of her coming, replied -to the king that her husband had been murdered, while the punisher of the wioked .^till reigned. It was a shame to a holy king that an untimely death should overtake his subject. * If you attribute it to Kali yuga," she continued, "M)ll you should not be indifferent to such a heinous crime, loo not remember that Eiy husband had quarrels with any one. He wfts neither envious, nor arrogant, nor avaricious, but of sweet words, and spoke with every one, nor did he bear malice to any." She -then said, that she suspected one Br&hmana who lived near Makbhika-jvaroi, who wa-j of the same age
with her husband, and way his fellow-student, though inferior ' The ignorant and to him jn learning , and who knew magic. the low," she said, "oppose out of envy the doings of the lie who frequents not "great, in order to dim their reputation.
1

XIV
the house of prostitutes is uol a bad character, he who injures not others, does not remain ia constant fear, he who dalles not much, spenketh no lie, he who is not a K&yastha, is not uu- grateful, he who is not born in the house of a bountiful man, is not avarioious, he who is not envious is not ever unhappy, ho who is not henpecked is not laughed at, he who is not old, speaks not politely, he whois not illegitimate, doos not blame hi* father, he who is not in love ia not banhful, he who is not half-educated is not vicious. This is the tiue saying." When she had said thus, tho king ordered the suspected .Brahmaisa to bo brought and to be examined by oriloal. Whereupon, the Brahmana woman again said " O king he knows mftgiC, and oau remain uudor water, so that examination by ordoal will "How can we aoy replied the king, houseless for lum. " against law, wlion the ei ime is not proved, punishment cannot be awarded to any ouu, far less to a Brahmana, who, even when guilty, cannot be killod." Wut the Hrahmaua woman * said that she hail taken food for four nigutC, and had not followed her husband to the other world, only to have that criminal puni.xhud ; aud if lie was not puuishud, she would
!
1

'

starve herself to death.

"When the Brahmana woman remained without food, the king also remained in the same state, trusting on the god Tribhuvanasvfiuii. Wheu tureo nights were thus passed, at about dawn, tho king learnt the truth from Tribhuvauasvami in a dream. " You should not," said the god, " thus seek for divine revelation in Kali yuga, for who can biing the sun in the middle of the night i Dut only ou oaoouiitT of youii. virtues, you will be favoieil with the revelation* for once. Scatter in the yard of my toinple the powdered (Just of shall grain, and let eveiy one go round over it, aud then you will he able tp know the murderer by his foot-marks wnich will he like those of the Br&hiiiaua-sUyer, aud he should <b$ punished. Do this during night, for k. the day time the suu
eliminates sins." The king, accordingly, found out "the oriminal aud punished hitn, though he did not kill him for he was a Brahmana. When the man was punished, the woman blessed the king, and said that of all kings he and Kartavlryya"alone

had punished
.

king reign, friendship."

offenders for sins doue in secret. who can live -without feeliug for

" While you

you

lave or

'

XV

APPENDIX
t
slighted
s

The king was greater than Indra, his orders were not even by gods. Once, for instance, when he was enciunpiug with his army on the shores of tho Eastern Sea (Bay of Bengal), he ordered for a Kapittha fruit, and his men knew not whence to bring it. But a being from heaven bi ought the thing to him. The king accopted the present and made a sign to his sentinel lo ask who he was. The person replied Shut he was the gardener of Indra, and bad been scut by his master, and that bo had some messnge to deliver in private. The 'Sentinel, accordingly, removed other men from the king's presence. lie then said that Indra had sent him a menage which, though harsh, was intended for his good, and
which he would have the goodness to forgive. " Hear, king ' continued the messenger of Iudra, " why even in Kali yuga, your words ha?fe been qbeyed by gods. Iu your previous life, you wore employed by a rich villager to till his grounds.
!

day, you were driving your bullocks iu a wood where there was no water, and in the evening, when you were tired with the day's work, somo one brought to you cake and water from your master's houso. But when, after washing your hands and feet, you were going to eat, you saw a Brahmaua dying of hunger. He forbade you to eat, since he was dying of starvation ; and, though the man who brought to you your food advised you not to give it to the Brahmaua, yet you gladly gave him half of the cake and water, sweetening your , offer with kind words. And for that timely gift the gods undertook to obey one hundred of your orders. It is for this that rivers gf pure water hare flowed at your bidding in the sandy desert. Though the gift Be small, yet, when given in good spirit and with kind words, and to a deserving person, is ^jfloro beneficial than Ealpa tree. But with indiscretion you have wellnigh spent the stock of one hundred orders, and there are-ouly^a few remaining. Being a man, why have you lost your discretion like an ordinary king I How can the fruit that grows in Kixhinfra iu the rainy season be had in winter in toe shores of the Eastern Sea ? That the gods obey you. wherever you may be, is owing to the gift you made in your former life. Now, in the East, Indra obeys you with " reluctance, you having come nearly to the end of your stock

One suinraor

wW

XVI

of orders. Do not give such orders unless in emergency, for there are only a few remaining which will be obeyea." The Icing became astonished to learn the valuo of gifts, and to ob-. tuiu such benefits again, he caused a permanent asylum for

the poor to be built at, Parihasapura ; and to this asylum he presented one lac and one plates with food. And for the same reason, he also caused a city* to be constructed in a barren place, that thirsty men might find water there.

APPENDIX

The following is the story told of the mysteriouS jewels ; Changkuna used to augment gold in the king's treasury by In Paugchanada at Uio confluence*" of the rivers magic, the king was once detained with his army rbeirig unable to cross over, and consulted with his minister as to the means of crossing. At this time Changkuna threw a jewel into the deep river, whioh divided the waters into two parts, and when the king and his army had crossed tko river to the other side, the magician drew out his talisman by another jewel, aud the waters flowed as before. Astonishod at this, the king Changkuna praised him and asked for those two jewels. smiled and said that they were fit for himself but were unworthy of th king. A. good thing is admired when among common things aud not when it is with other good ("things. The moon-stone which perspires in the moonlight is At to be seen at the sea-shore and not when it is under the sea (its
"

moisture being then lost in the sea water). The King smiled and asked what hotter jewels he possessed. "Give meethose," he continued, " in exchange of what you think to be more pre*, " This is a great cious, or of whatever I have in my treasury." boon," said Changkuna* " oblige me by grring what I desire, the statue of Buddha which you brough* on elephant from Magadha. Take the jewels that will carry thee safe through the B waters, and give me that which will carry me safe through this world." The king mode the exchange.

XV11

APPENDIX
The discovery

L.

of the copper ore is thus related

One day tlio king saw in a vision a heavenly person who told him " I am Mohapadma, king of the Nagas. I am happy in your friecdaliip and live in yojir kingdom, and now I come to ask you for protection. A charmer from Dravira wants to
capture me and sell me to the people of a. desert where they age hankering after waijer. If you can proteot me from him, I shall show you a hill where gold can be found." The king hearchtljese words iu dream, and caused the charmer to be brought and asked him his purpose, assuring him at the same time of his safety. The charmer confessed to all that the king had Beard in* his dream, whereupon the king wondered, and again asked him as to how he could take out the serpent from the lake Which expended over several yojanas. king " repliedthe charmer, " the powers of magic are beyond thought, and if you want to see it, come quickly." Tho king thou followed him to tho lake which the magician dried up by his arrow discharged with spells. The king then saw in the

Mm

"0

'

mud, surrounded by numerous other serpents, a snake having the face of man, and a span in length. " I have shortened him by my spells," said the charmer, " and I oapturc him now." But the kiug forbade him to capture the king of the snakes. The magician obeyed the kiug, and made the lake full of water as it was before. The king dismissed the Uravarian .with gifts of money, and wondered the serpent did not show him. the promised hill where gold was to be found. When he ijhought thus, the serpent appeared to him in a dream, and asked him, 'Tor what benefit shall I show you the goldai mount { It is through the chance of birth that nue country is our native land, and another foreign, there is no real difference between them. For fear of humiliation I asked y^nr pi otectiou,'' but you subjected me to that humiliation. What is more nuuiiliating than to be insulted bejbre those whom I protect i How shall 1 see the faces of my females who found me unable to save them from the power of another 1 You and myself are born of the same source, but for your pastime we were insulted. Those who are blind4 with their prosperity and heedless in their action, think that they have done great favors in whatever they

XVl^j

who

Kings deem it but play to insult other", but thoso aro insulted, think themselves as rload as long as they breathe. Kings slight the honor of other people when it comesin contact with their interest, but great men try to preservo How can they undertheir honor even at the sacrifice of life. stand what houor is, who in&ult the proud. Still however your expectations from me will urt be altogether disappointed, for I shall show you the hill ^liere therp is copper ore." Thou he nave such directions in dream tis u<ibloit tho king, when he rose in tho morning, to discover the hill frith copper ore.
do.

XIX

List

of Kings of Kdshm'ira.

Kali.

M a
(Before)

Loukika.*

B.C.

Period o
reign.

IJpOK

I
...

Y. M. D.

Gctaandal

658 2526

28 2443

"

DamoAra I
Yasovati

Gonauda

II

...

...

[Here records of 35 kings

are lost.]

,
i
_,'?,

Lava Kusheshaya Khagondra

Surendra

'...
.

1226f

Godhara Suvarna Janaka

Shachinara
...

Ashoka
Jnloka

Damodara
Hushka,
nMitca

II

...

Juslika,

and Ka.

Abhiuiati'yu
.t

I...

* In .ApiJdiidix A wo c.ilcuUtcd the Loukika em by fixing the centnry which Knhl.m.i wrote .w the first But wo find It more convenient to make OSZ century in which Gouiind* reigned as the first. According to tills calculation the rulKii of (iuii.imU >j[;in on the 2Sfh yiwr of the cuntiuy, in which be reigrtid, <rt v hat we now till tlie first century. fc*ir we know that Kahhtna wrote the work 3,5116 yam uf jr the commencement of Gunfmdii's reign, and that this was the lltth year of anew tcntury. This century, therefore, must have bejnin 3,572- yuara .liter the nirumoiieonjurit of Cuninrtit'a reifm. Therefore our first I-uukika century mubt iuvd commenced 23 rciHtiofora the commencement of Oon.ind:i's reign ; or Ounanda reigned on the L'Sth year of tho first century, which we rt'prt'ent in tlie fciblu thllb. I 2>i. t These are trom Gmund.1 1 to AMiioi.uiyn, 52 kings, whow aceounts were lout, bat uf whom Kahlimcv could find the names of all except 35.
in
|

=1

Kali.
Si

Loukika.

B.C.

Period o
reiga,

(lie-

fore]

Gonanda
Indi.rjita

III

...

Vibhishana I

...

1919 1260 1964 1226 2007 1172

XIII

XIV

'XIV

T. M. D. 94 1182 35 29 1147 53 82 1094

Havana
2013 1136 2078 1101 2118 1061 2178 1001 TJtpaKMia ... 2208 971 lliranydkaha ... ... 2248 933 Hiranyakula alius Vaaukula... 2306 873 Mukula 2366 813 Mihvrakula ... 2438 lit Vaka 2199 680 Kshitiuanda ... 2520 650 Vasunandtt ... 2581 698 Kara II 2841 638 Aksha 2701 478 GopSditja 2761 418 Gokarna

[36,6

Kara

Vibhishana II alias Kinnara Sidha

XV XV XV
XVI

XVI
,

XVII' XVII
XVIII

XIX XIX

XX XX
XXI XXI
XXII

18 1068 S6* 6 53 1023 89 9 93 083 60 53 923 80 6 83 893 37 7 21 855 60 795 60 41 735 70 11 865 63 13 74 602 so 4 572 52 2 56 520 60 10 460 60 76 400.60 6 36 34067 11

'

Naraiidraditya

alias

KLingkbHa...
Yudliistliira I...

2810 360 2865 324

XXII
XXIII

94 232 30 3 10 30 246 ?0 5 10*

r

Boor II
i

FraWpaditya I Jalauka ...

Tangjinal

...

... ... Vijaya Jayendra Sandbimati alias Aryya-

2934 245 2966 213 2993 181 3034 145 3042 137 3079

XXIV
XXIV ,XXIV
r
<

<

XXV XXV
XXV

9 167 32 41 135 88 73 103 56 8.9 59 37 17

(J

OT

100

54

22 47 -0

tout

rdgiu of the preutoue kings given at the end of Book I,

* The period of the reiga of Yudhiatbira I is not mentioned in the text, the (wove fiipire has toeea obtained by subtracting the total period or (torn the total period of reigns of all the Mng

XXI

Kali.

4 CO
(Effort)

Loukika.

A.D.

Period of
reign.

Y. M. D.

Book III
Magliavifliaiia
...

...

3126

53

XXVI

25 34

Shi'eslita&eua alias Pravaratetia I

alius

Tungji-

nall
(
m
...

3160

19
Aftor

XXVI
XXVI XXVI
XXVII XXVII

85 65 96
1

69 30 89 120 126 185

30

Eiranya ,., M&trigupta .g Pravanwena II

YudhislithirajII NareiidKulilya I
Ijaks>limana...

11 3190 42 3221 47 a 3226 32S6 107

2
9 3 1

4
60 21

61

alias

3307 128

XXVII
.

82 95 95 37

206 13
219 300 519 42 561 37 4

BaiiaYlitya I alias

lung3320 141 3B2U 441 3662 4S3

jinalll Vikramaditya... Bdldditya

xxvn XXX
XXXI

Book

IV
3699
Pratd

Durklihavardliana

520

XXXI
XXXII

It 598 36
10 60 69 73
S

DuiWLLaka
piidityall ditya

alias
...

3735 3785 3794 3798 3834

556
006 615 619 655

634 50 684 8 693 4 697 36 788 1

8

Cliaudistnjra oftas Vajnt-

f
...
...

TitiiJiira

Lalitaditya I

XXXII XXXII XXXII

XXXIII %

24

7 11
15

KuvaUyitpira

Vajitidjtya II alias Vfl' piyafea alias Lalitiidii

tyo.II Pjithivyapira I Sangriinapira I Jayipira (together with .usurpation of Jajja) ...

3835 656 3S42 6C3 3846 667 3846 667

XXXIII XXXIJI XXXIII

XXXIII

10 7 17 7*1 4 21 745
|

7
,

81'

745 81

xxn

Kali.

A
(After)

Loukika.

A.t).

Poiiod o
leigu.

lalitaplra

3877
alias

698

XXXIII
xx'xni

Y. M. D. 52 776 12
61 '788
71
7

Sangntmapira

II Prithivyapira II Chippatajayapira
Viilisspati
...

3S80 710
alias

?
o

Ajitdplra

Anaupgapirn
Utpalapira

...

3890 3914 3950 3953

717 735 771 774

XXXIII

XXX

795 is"o III 80* 813 36 XXXIV 25 849 3 XXXIV 28 852 3

Book

V
3956 3984 4003 4006 4006 4007 4022 1023 4034 4035 4036
., j

Avari tivttrmmd

Shangkaravarinnut Gopal*varmin(t Sangkata Siigandhd Pdrtha

Uirjjitavarroma' Chakl uvarmina'

Sliuravarmmd I Ptfitha ^nd'time) (2nd Chakravarinmd

time)

777 805 824 826 826 828 843 844 855 856 867

XXXIV XXXIV XXXIV XXXIV XXXIV XXXIV

xxyiv*

fl 69 78 80

XXXIV

XXXV XXXV

855 28 883 18 8 4 902 2 604 10 80 904 2 82 906 15 10 97 921 1 1 98 10 9 933 1 934 10

m
->

9
11 11

10
6
1

XXXV
XXXV
XXXV XXXV
-

935
935

Shambkubardhaua
Chakravarmiad
time)
(

3rd

4036 "857 4038 4040

859 861

5
...

Unmattavanli

Suravarmma

II

13 937 2 15 939

Book

VI
...

YaAaskara
Varnata

4040 4049

861

870

XXXV XXXV

15 939 9 24 01S

*?.

we

* According to our calculation, the reign of Ajltipiro would fell in the year XXXIII.SS; but as It is mentioned inthetextthathexeisnedia 89, adopt it There la thui a difference of only 6 years. Calculation according to other one has been similarly modined.

XXI 11

<C_
Kali.

-a

Loukika.

A.D.

Period of
reign.

(Af-J
ter)

Sanggrama

...

.1'aTvvagupta ... Ksliomiigupta .. Afcfyimanyu II

NaniliKiipia ... TribhiiTaiiiigupta

...

EbimaguiiU Diddd
JjOK

...

...

4019 40 13 4051 4059 4073 407 i 4070 4081

-

870 870 872 880

89 4 895

897 902

XXXV XXXV XXXV XXXV XXXV XXXV XXXV XXXV

6 24 04S 24 948 6 26, 950 8 341 BBS 13 10 48' 072 1 1 49 973 2 fil 075 6 60 080 23
1

14

VII
'

S.iTifigramiraja

alias

Kfllumapati
IT&riiaja

Aii.mtadeva ... Ranaditya II aiia* sha

4101 026 <u au 05ft 41'29 U50

XXXV
XXXVI XXXVI
XXXVI XXXVI X^XVI

70 1003 24 10 22 4 1028 4*1028 36 1 5

|

KaU410<*

Utb.usha
Uarslia
(died)
...

4164 9S5 1011

391063 26
65 1089 65'iiSO 11 77 11U1

4 22 8 13
*""

41fM011 42J2 1023

XXX VI

Printed ly

I. C.

Bote

Co.,

Stanhope

Prm,

24&,

Bow-Bazar

Street, Calcutta,