GDP: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services

produced within a nation in a given year. GDP dollar estimates in the Factbook are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations. GDP methodology: In the Economy section, GDP dollar estimates for all countries are derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) calculations rather than from conversions at official currency exchange rates. The PPP method involves the use of standardized international dollar price weights, which are applied to the quantities of final goods and services produced in a given economy. The data derived from the PPP method provide the best available starting point for comparisons of economic strength and well-being between countries. The division of a GDP estimate in domestic currency by the corresponding PPP estimate in dollars gives the PPP conversion rate. Whereas PPP estimates for OECD countries are quite reliable, PPP estimates for developing countries are often rough approximations. Most of the GDP estimates are based on extrapolation of PPP numbers published by the UN International Comparison Program (UNICP) and by Professors Robert Summers and Alan Heston of the University of Pennsylvania and their colleagues. In contrast, the currency exchange rate method involves a variety of international and domestic financial forces that often have little relation to domestic output. In developing countries with weak currencies the exchange rate estimate of GDP in dollars is typically one-fourth to one-half the PPP estimate. Furthermore, exchange rates may suddenly go up or down by 10% or more because of market forces or official fiat whereas real output has remained unchanged. On 12 January 1994, for example, the 14 countries of the African Financial Community (whose currencies are tied to the French franc) devalued their currencies by 50%. This move, of course, did not cut the real output of these countries by half. One important caution: the proportion of, say, defense expenditures as a percentage of GDP in local currency accounts may differ substantially from the proportion when GDP accounts are expressed in PPP terms, as, for example, when an observer tries to estimate the dollar level of Russian or Japanese military expenditures. Note: the numbers for GDP and other economic data can notbe chained together from successive volumes of the Factbookbecause of changes in the US dollar measuring rod, revisions of data by statistical agencies, use of new or different sources of information, and changes in national statistical methods and practices. GDP (official exchange rate): This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at offical exchange rates (OER) is the home-currency-denominated annual GDP figure divided by the bilateral average US exchange rate with that country in that year. The measure is simple to compute and gives a precise measure of the value of output. Many economists prefer this measure when gauging the economic power an economy maintains vis-a-vis its neighbors, judging that an exchange rate captures the purchasing power a nation enjoys in the international marketplace. Official exchange rates, however, can be artifically fixed and/or subject to manipulation - resulting in claims of the country having an under- or over-valued currency - and are not necessarily the equivalent of a market-determined exchange rate. Moreover, even if the official exchange rate is market-determined, market exchange rates are frequently established
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by a relatively small set of goods and services (the ones the country trades) and may not capture the value of the larger set of goods the country produces. Furthermore, OER-converted GDP is not well suited to comparing domestic GDP over time, since appreciation/depreciation from one year to the next will make the OER GDP value rise/fall regardless of whether home-currency-denominated GDP changed. GDP (purchasing power parity): This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. GDP - composition by sector: This entry gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP. GDP - per capita: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year. GDP - real growth rate: This entry gives GDP growth on an annual basis adjusted for inflation and expressed as a percent

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Economic Overview

The economy has grown 5-6% per year since 1996 despite political instability, poor infrastructure, corruption, insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. Bangladesh remains a poor, overpopulated, and inefficiently-governed nation. Although more than half of GDP is generated through the service sector, 45% of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector, with rice as the single-most-important product. Bangladesh's growth was resilient during the 2008-09 global financial crisis and recession. Garment exports, totaling $12.3 billion in FY09 and remittances from overseas Bangladeshis totaling $9.7 billion in FY09 accounted for almost 25% of GDP. GDP (purchasing power parity): $259.3 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 47 $244.6 billion (2009 est.) $231.4 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars
Country Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 European Union United States China Japan India Germany Russia Brazil United Kingdom France Value $14,890,000,000,000 $14,720,000,000,000 $9,872,000,000,000 $4,338,000,000,000 $4,046,000,000,000 $2,951,000,000,000 $2,229,000,000,000 $2,194,000,000,000 $2,189,000,000,000 $2,160,000,000,000 Date of Info 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est.

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GDP (official exchange rate): $105.4 billion (2009 est.) GDP - real growth rate: 6% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 36 5.7% (2009 est.) 6% (2008 est.) GDP - per capita: $1,700 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 197 $1,600 (2009 est.) $1,500 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 18.4% industry: 28.7% services: 52.9% (2009 est.) Labor force: 73.87 million country comparison to the world: 8 note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $10.9 billion in 2009-10 (2009 est.)
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Labor force - by occupation: agriculture: 45% industry: 30% services: 25% (2008) Unemployment rate: 5.1% (2010 est.)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 95 96 96 97 97 97 Country Zimbabwe Nauru Liberia Burkina Faso Turkmenistan Cocos (Keeling) Islands Djibouti Namibia Zambia Senegal Nepal Sri Lanka Taiwan Japan Honduras Australia Bangladesh Value 95.00 90.00 85.00 77.00 60.00 60.00 59.00 51.20 50.00 48.00 46.00 5.40 5.20 5.20 5.10 5.10 5.10 Date of Info 2009 est. 2004 est. 2003 est. 2004 2004 est. 2000 est. 2007 est. 2008 est. 2000 est. 2007 est. 2008 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est.

country comparison to the world: 97 5.1% (2009 est.) note: about 40% of the population is underemployed; many participants in the labor force work only a few hours a week, at low wages Population below poverty line: 36.3% (2008 est.)
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Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 8.8% highest 10%: 26.6% (2008 est.) Distribution of family income - Gini index: 33.2 (2005) country comparison to the world: 94 33.6 (1996) Investment (gross fixed): 23.8% of GDP (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 48 Budget: revenues: $11.43 billion
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 77 Country United States Japan Germany France China Italy United Kingdom Canada Spain Brazil Bangladesh Value $2,092,000,000,000 $1,839,000,000,000 $1,396,000,000,000 $1,241,000,000,000 $1,149,000,000,000 $940,300,000,000 $926,700,000,000 $605,700,000,000 $515,800,000,000 $464,400,000,000 $11,430,000,000 Date of Info 2009 est. 2009 est. 2009 est. 2009 est. 2009 est. 2009 est. 2009 est. 2009 est. 2009 est. NA 2010 est.

expenditures: $15.9 billion (2010 est.)

Public debt:
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39.3% of GDP (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 74 39.7% of GDP (2009 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.1% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 188 5.4% (2009 est.)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 9 Country Venezuela Congo, Democratic Republic of the Argentina Eritrea Uzbekistan Guinea Nigeria Mozambique Pakistan Angola Afghanistan Value 29.80 26.20 22.00 20.00 15.00 15.00 13.90 13.50 13.40 13.30 13.30 Date of Info 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2009 est.

Central bank discount rate: 5% (31 October 2010) country comparison to the world: 86 5% (31 December 2008) Commercial bank prime lending rate: 14.6% (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 38
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16.38% (31 December 2008 est.)

Stock of narrow money: $13.98 billion (31 December 2010 est) $10.92 billion (31 December 2009 est) Stock of broad money: $57.21 billion (31 December 2010 est.) $63.03 billion (31 December 2009) Stock of domestic credit: $62.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 60 $53.77 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Market value of publicly traded shares: $7.068 billion (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 75 $6.671 billion (31 December 2008) $6.793 billion (31 December 2007)

Agriculture - products: rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk, poultry

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Industries: cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar Industrial production growth rate: 6.4% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 50
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 10 11 Country Qatar Malawi Uruguay Taiwan Thailand Zambia Korea, South Laos Congo, Republic of the Brazil Philippines China Belarus Singapore Value 27.10 17.30 16.50 16.00 14.50 12.10 12.10 12.00 12.00 11.50 11.50 11.00 10.50 10.20 Date of Info 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est.

Electricity - production: 25.62 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 66 Electricity - consumption: 23.94 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

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Electricity - exports: 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity - imports: 0 kWh (2008 est.) Oil - production: 5,733 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 91 Oil - consumption: 96,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 76 Oil - exports: 2,612 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 110

Oil - imports: 87,660 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 68 Oil - proved reserves: 28 million bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 82

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Natural gas - production: 19.7 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 32 Natural gas - consumption: 19.7 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 35 Natural gas - exports: 0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 200 Natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 200 Natural gas - proved reserves: 195.4 billion cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 46 Current account balance: $3.734 billion (2010) country comparison to the world: 34 $2.416 billion (2009)

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Exports: $16.24 billion (2010)

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 73 Country European Union China Germany United States Japan France Korea, South Italy Netherlands Canada United Kingdom Hong Kong Russia Singapore Mexico Belgium Taiwan Spain Saudi Arabia Switzerland Australia India Brazil United Arab Emirates Malaysia Bangladesh Value $1,952,000,000,000 $1,506,000,000,000 $1,337,000,000,000 $1,270,000,000,000 $735,800,000,000 $508,700,000,000 $466,300,000,000 $458,400,000,000 $451,300,000,000 $406,800,000,000 $405,600,000,000 $382,600,000,000 $376,700,000,000 $358,300,000,000 $303,000,000,000 $279,200,000,000 $277,600,000,000 $268,300,000,000 $235,300,000,000 $235,200,000,000 $210,700,000,000 $201,000,000,000 $199,700,000,000 $195,800,000,000 $192,800,000,000 $16,240,000,000 Date of Info 2007 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010

country comparison to the world: 73 $15.58 billion (2009)

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Exports - commodities: garments, frozen fish and seafood, jute and jute goods, leather Exports - partners: US 22.5%, Germany 14.2%, UK 9.6%, France 7%, Netherlands 6.4% (2009) Imports: $21.34 billion (2010)
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 68 Country United States European Union China Germany Japan France United Kingdom Italy Korea, South Hong Kong Netherlands Canada India Spain Singapore Bangladesh Value $1,903,000,000,000 $1,690,000,000,000 $1,307,000,000,000 $1,120,000,000,000 $636,800,000,000 $577,700,000,000 $546,500,000,000 $459,700,000,000 $417,900,000,000 $413,000,000,000 $408,400,000,000 $406,400,000,000 $327,000,000,000 $324,600,000,000 $315,600,000,000 $21,340,000,000 Date of Info 2010 est. 2007 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010 est. 2010

country comparison to the world: 68 $20.3 billion (2009) Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement

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Imports - partners: China 16.16%, India 12.61%, Singapore 7.55%, Japan 4.63%, Malaysia 4.46% (2009)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $10.79 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 53
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 51 52 53 Country China Russia Saudi Arabia Taiwan Brazil India Korea, South Hong Kong Singapore Thailand Tunisia Turkmenistan Bangladesh Value $2,622,000,000,000 $483,100,000,000 $456,200,000,000 $382,800,000,000 $290,900,000,000 $284,100,000,000 $274,600,000,000 $262,700,000,000 $212,500,000,000 $176,100,000,000 $11,230,000,000 $10,810,000,000 $10,790,000,000 Date of Info 31 DEC 2010 est. 30 NOV 2010 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est.

$10.34 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - external: $24.46 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 69 $24.22 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
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Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $6.72 billion (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 83 $5.617 billion (31 December 2009 est.) Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $82 million (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 80
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 80 Country United States France United Kingdom Germany Netherlands Hong Kong Japan Switzerland Spain Belgium Bangladesh Value $3,597,000,000,000 $1,837,000,000,000 $1,705,000,000,000 $1,484,000,000,000 $950,800,000,000 $873,100,000,000 $831,100,000,000 $814,600,000,000 $641,000,000,000 $632,800,000,000 $82,000,000 Date of Info 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est. 31 DEC 2010 est

$81 million (31 December 2009 est.) Exchange rates: taka (BDT) per US dollar - 70.59 (2010), 69.039 (2009), 68.554 (2008), 69.893 (2007), 69.031 (2006)

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