Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Special thanks to: PACE, Fluent, UGS Solutions, Altair Engineering; and to the following students who assisted in the creation of the Fluid Dynamics tutorials: Leslie Tanner, Cole Yarrington, Curtis Rands, Curtis Memory, and Stephen McQuay.
The methods expressed in these tutorials represent just one approach to modeling, defining and solving 2D problems. Our goal is the education of students in the use of CAx tools for modeling, defining and solving fluids application problems. Other techniques and methods will be used and introduced in subsequent tutorials.
The normalized squared velocity for an airfoil at 0 and 1.85 degrees angle of attack is shown below. Compare the graph obtained using CFD, and calculate the coefficient of lift cL at 1.85 degrees angle of attack.
Begin by importing the data points for the airfoil, and creating the top and bottom edges.
Locate the file NACA.63.015.dat Under Geometry to Create select vertices and edges, and deselect faces. The points will be loaded, and an edge will be placed through the vertices. Select Accept.
Operation > Geometry > Edge > Create Real Circular Arc
For the Center of the arc, select vertex G. Select vertices C and A as the end-points. Select Apply. Repeat this procedure to create arc CB.
Select the upper edge of the airfoil. Make sure the arrow is pointing from left to right. Use the following parameters Type: Last Length Length: 0.02 Interval Count: 120 Select Apply. Repeat this procedure, using the same values for the lower edge of the airfoil.
10
11
Export the mesh as Airfoil.msh and save the Gambit file. Exit out of Gambit.
12
13
Default values for airfoil, default-interior, fluid, and out are sufficient. Select arc from the Zone menu. It is a Velocity_Inlet Type Select Set... Select Components from the Velocity Specification Method pull down menu. Specify the X and Y velocity components according to 1.85 degrees angle of attack, using a freestream velocity of 40 m/s. X: 39.97915 from (40*cos(1.85)) Y: 1.291319 from (40*sin(1.85)) Select OK. Repeat the procedure for the level zone.
Note: For 0 degrees angle of attack, simply change the X velocity component to 40, and the Y component to 0.
14
15
16
17
18
19
If problems are encountered in setting up or analyzing this problem in Fluent, the solved problem can be read in as a Case & Data... from the file Airfoil_1.85_degrees.cas.
20
21
1.8
Shown to the right is a comparison of the empirical data with the computational solution. The graphs are qualitatively very similar, and have quantitative values that are very similar as well. Refining the grid by about double will bring the two sets of data into excellent agreement.
(u/U)^2
1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6
Fluent Emperical
0.8
1.0
x/c
Also shown to to the right is another comparison of the same airfoil, but at 0 degrees angle of attack. Again, the discrepancy is due to a solution that is not grid-independent. Try refining the grid by about double and repeating the solution.
1.2 1
(u/U)^2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x/c
22