Pair of Straight Lines

Pair of straight lines
3 33 3
PAIR OF PAIR OF PAIR OF PAIR OF STRAIGHT STRAIGHT STRAIGHT STRAIGHT LINES LINES LINES LINES

SOLUTIONS.
GROUP (A)-CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q-1) Find separate equation of lines
represented by
2 2
2 0 x xy y + =
Ans.
Joint equation is
2 2
2 0 x xy y + =
2 2
2 2 0 x xy xy y + =
( ) ( ) 2 0 x x y y x y + + =
( ) ( ) 2 0 x y x y + =
The separate equations of the lines
are 0 2 0 x y and x y + = =

represented by
2 2
4 0 x xy y + =
Ans.
Joint equation is
2 2
4 0 x xy y + =
i.e.
2 2
4 0 x xy y + =
2
2
4
1 0
y y
x
x
+ =
2
4 1 0
y
m m m
x
| |
+ = =
|
\

( ) ( ) ( )
2
4 4 4 1 1
4 16 4
2 2
m

= =
4 12
2 3
2
= =
( )
2 3
y
x
=
( )
2 3 y x =
The separate equations are
( ) ( )
2 3 2 3 y x and y x = + =
given by
2 2
2 cos 0 x xy ec y + + =
Ans.
2 2
2 cos 0 x xy ec y + + =
2
2cos 1 0
y y
ec
x x
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ \

Put
y
m
x
=
( ) ( )
2
2cos 1 0 m ec m + + =
2
2cos 4cos 4 1 1
2
ec ec
m

=
2cos 2cot
2
ec
m

=
cos cot m ec =
1 cos
sin sin
m

=
( ) 1 cos
sin
m

=
( ) 1 cos
sin
y
x

=
( ) sin 1 cos y x =
( ) sin 1 cos y x =
( ) & sin 1 cos y x = are the
separate equations.

Mahesh Tutorials Science

Pair of Straight lines
32
Q-4) Find the combined equation of the
lines through the origin and
having slopes 4 and -1.
Ans. The equation of a line passing
through the origin and having slope
m is
y mx =
The equation of the required lines
are 4 y x = and 1 y x =
4 0 x y = and 0 x y + =
The joint equation of the lines are
( ) ( ) 4 0 x y x y + =

2 2
4 3 0 x xy y + =

Q-5) Find the combined equation of the
bisector of the angles between the
co-ordinate axes.
Ans. Let lines
1
L and
2
L be the bisector of
the co-ordinate axes
1
and
2
be
their inclinations
1 2
3
and
4 4

= =
Let slopes be
1
m &
2
m
1
tan 1
4
m

= = &
2
3
tan 1
4
m

= =
Since the lines are passing through
origin their equations are
1
y m x = &
2
y m x =
y x = & y x =
0 x y = & 0 x y + =
Combined equation is
( ) ( ) 0 x y x y + =
2 2
0 x y =

Q-6) Find the joint equation of the
straight line through the origin
which form the equilateral triangle
with line x = 1.
Ans.

Let OA and OB be two lines such
that OAB is an equilateral triangle
Equation of AB is 1 = x to X axis.
By symmetry AOD = BOD =
0
30
OA makes
0
30 with +ve X-axis
slope of OA = tan 30 =
3
1

Equation of OA is x y
|
|
\
|
=
3
1

x y = 3 0 3 = y x
OB makes -30 with + ve X-axis
slope of OB
= tan
( )
0
30 = tan
0
30 =
3
1

Equation of OB is
1
3
y x
| |
=
|
\

3 0 x y + =
Required combined equation is
( ) ( )
3 3 0 x y x y + =

2 2
3 0 x y =



33
Q-7) Find the combined equation of
lines which trisect the first
quadrant
Ans. Let line OA and OB trisect the first
quadrant
OA makes
0
30

with +ve

X-axis
slope of line OA = tan
0
30 =
1
3

Equation of line OA is
1
3
y x =
3y x = 3 0 x y =
OB makes
0
60

with +ve

X-axis
slope of line OB = tan
0
60 = 3
Equation of line OB is y = 3x
3 0 x y =
Required joint equation is
( ) ( )
3 3 0 x y x y =
2 2
3 3 3 0 x xy xy y + =

2 2
3 4 3 0 x xy y + =

Q-8) Find joint equation of the pair of
lines through the origin and
making angles
6
with 3 7 x y =
Ans. Let OA and OB be two lines through
the origin O, each making an angle of
6
with 3 7 x y = .
The slope of 3 7 x y = is 3
Let the slope of OA (or OB) be m.
equation of OA or OB is y mx = (i)
The angle between OA (or OB) and
3 7 x y = is
6
.

1 2
1 2
tan
1
m m
m m

=
+

Here
6
= ,
1
m m = ;
2
3 m =

3
tan
6 1 3
m
m

=
+

1 3
1 3 3
m
m
=
+

2
1 3
3 1 3
m
m
| |
=
|
+
\

( ) ( )
2 2
1 3 3 3 m m + =
( )
2 2
9 6 1 3 6 9 m m m m + + = +
2 2
9 6 1 3 18 27 m m m m + + = +
2
6 24 26 0 m m + =
2
3 12 13 0 m m + =
substituting
y
m
x
= from .. (i)
2
2
3 12 13 0
y y
x
x
+ =
2 2
3 12 13 0 y xy x + =
2 2
13 12 3 0 x xy y =

Q-9) Show that the lines given by
2 2
3 8 3 0 x xy y = and
2 3 x y + = contain the sides of an
isosceles right angled triangle.
Ans.
Given equation
2 2
3 8 3 0 x xy y =
2 2
3 9 3 0 x xy xy y + =
( ) ( ) 3 3 3 0 x x y y x y + =
( ) ( ) 3 3 0 x y x y + =
equations are

34
( ) ( ) 3 0 & 3 0 x y x y = + =
Slopes of these lines are
1 2
1
& 3
3
m m = =
Product of Slopes =
1 2
1
3 1
3
m m = =
Lines given by
2 2
3 8 3 0 x xy y + =
are to each other. . (i)
Slopes are
1
1
3
m = and
2
3 m =
Slope of the line 2 3 x y + = is
1
2
m

=
Let
1
be the angle between
2 3 x y + = & 3 0 x y =
Let
2
be the angle between
2 3 x y + = & 3 0 x y + =
1 2
1
1 2
1 1
2 3
tan
1 1 1
1
2 3
m m
m m
= =
+ | | | |
+
| |
\ \

1
1 1
2 3
tan
1 1
1
2 3

=
| | | |
+
| |
\ \

1
5 5
6 6
tan
1 5
1
6 6

= =

1
tan 1 1 = =
0
1
45 = .. (ii)

1 2
2
1 2
tan
1
m m
m m

=
+
1 5
3
2 2
1
3 5
1
2 2
+ + + +
= = = = = = = = = = = =
+ ++ +

0
2
45 = (iii)
From (i), (ii) & (iii) the given lines
form isosceles right angled triangle.
Q-10) Show that
2 2
4 0 x xy y + = and

the 2 x y + = form an equilateral
triangle. Find its area.
Ans. Let OA and OB lines represented by
equation
2 2
4 0 x xy y + =

2
1 4 0
y y
x x
| |
+ =
|
\

put
y
m
x
=
2
1 4 0 m m + =

2
4 1 0 m m + =

( ) ( )
2
4 4 4 1 1
2 1
m

=

4 16 4
2
m

=
4 12
2
m

=
4 2 3
2
m

=
2 3 m =
Let
1
2 3 m = + and
2
2 3 m = are
slopes of lines OA and OB.
Slope of line 2 x y + = is 1
3
1 m =
Let
1
be angle between lines having
slope
1
m
and
3
m .
1 3
1
1 3
tan
1
m m
m m

=
+

( )
( )
( )
1
2 3 1
tan
1 2 3 1
+
=
+ +

1
3 3
tan
1 2 3
+
=



35
1
3 3
tan
1 3
+
=

( )
( )
1
3 3 1
tan
1 3
+
=
+

1
tan 3 =
1
tan 3 =
1
3
= (i)
Let
1
be angle between lines having
slope
2
m and
3
m
2 3
2
2 3
tan
1
m m
m m

=
+

( )
( )
( )
2
2 3 1
tan
1 2 3 1

=
+

( )
( )
2
2 3 1
tan
1 2 3 1
+
=
+

2
2 3 1
tan
1 2 3
+
=
+

2
3 3
tan
3 1

( )
( )
2
3 3 1
tan
3 1

2
tan 3 =
2
3
= (ii)
As two angles are
3
; the third angle

is also
3

OAB is equilateral triangle.
Draw OD AB

2 2
1 0 1 0 2
1 1
OD
+
=
+

2 2
2 2
1
2
1 1
OD

= = =
+

OD = 1Area of

2
1 1
3 3
OAB = = sq. unit

Q-11) OAB is formed by the lines
2 2
4 0 x xy y + = and the line AB is
given by2 3 1 0 x y + = . Find the
equation of the median passing
through O.
Ans. Let D be the midpoint of seg AB
where A is ( )
1 1
, x y and B is( )
2 2
, x y
D
1 2 1 2
,
2 2
x x y y + + | |
|
\

The joint equation of the lines OA
and OB is
2 2
4 0 x xy y + = ;
The equation of line AB is
2 3 1 0 x y + = .
Points A and B satisfy the
equations 2 3 1 0 x y + = and
2 2
4 0 x xy y + =
Simultaneously.
Put
1 3
2
y
x

= in
2 2
4 0 x xy y + =
2
2
1 3 1 3
4 0
2 2
y y
y y
| | | |
+ =
| |
\ \

( )
2
2
1 6 9
2 1 3 0
4
y y
y y y
+
+ =
( )
2 2
1 6 9 8 1 3 4 0 y y y y y + + =

36
2 2 2
1 6 9 8 24 4 0 y y y y y + + + =
2
37 14 1 0 y y + =
Roots y1 and y2 of above quadratic
equation are y-coordinates of the
points A and B.
1 2
14
37
b
y y
a
+ = =
1 2
7
2 37
y y +
=
y-coordinate of
7
37
D =
D lies on the line AB.
7
2 3 1 0
37
x
| |
+ =
|
\

21
2 1
37
x =

8
37
x =
Equation of median OD passing
through O(0,0) & D
8 7
,
37 37
| |
|
\
is
1 2
1
1 2 1
y y y y
x x x x

=

7
0
0
37
8
0
0
37
y
x

=

7
8
y
x
= 7 8 0 x y =

Q-12) Find k if the slope of one of the
lines given by
2 2
5 0 x kxy y + + = is 5
times the slope of the other
Ans.
Given eqn is
2 2
5 0 x kxy y + + =
2
5 0
y y
k
x x
| |
+ + =
|
\

Put
y
m
x
=

2
5 0 km m + + =
2
5 0 m km + + =
This is quadratic equation in m

it has two roots i.e.
1 2
, m m
1 2
1
k
m m

+ = and
1 2
5
1
m m =
1 2
m m k + = (i)
1 2
5 m m = (ii)
But
1 2
5 m m = (iii)

2 2
5m m k + = and
2 2
5 . 5 m m =
2
6m k = and
2
2
5 5 m =

2
6
k
m

= and
2
2
1 m =
2
1
6
k | |
=
|
\

2
36 k = 6 k =

Q-13) Find k, if one of the lines given by
2 2
4 0 x kxy y + = is 2 0 x y + = .
Ans.
Given equation is
2 2
4 0 x kxy y + =
2
4 0
y y
k
x x
| |
+ =
|
\

Put
y
m
x
=
2
4 0 km m + =
2
4 0 m km = (i)
Slope of line 2 0 x y + = is 2
2 m = satisfy equation (i)
( ) ( )
2
2 2 4 0 k =
4 2 4 0 k + =
2 0 k = 0 k =



37
Q-14) If one of the lines given by
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + = is perpendicular
to the line 0 x my n + + = then show
that
2 2
2 0 al h m bm + + =
Ans.
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + = ... (i)
2
2 0
y y
a h b
x x
| |
+ + =
|
\

Put
y
z slope
x
= =
( )
2
2 0 a hz b z + + =
2
2 0 bz hz a + + = (ii)
Slope of line 0 lx my n + + = is
l
m

one of line of equation (i) is
perpendicular to line 0 lx my n + + =
1
l
z
m
m
z
l
= satisfy equation (ii)
2
2 0
m m
b h a
l l
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ \

2
2
2
0
bm hm
a
l
l
+ + =
2 2
2 0 bm hlm al + + =
2 2
2 0 al hlm bm + + =
Hence proved.

Q-15) Refer Q-14

Q-16) If 3 5 0 x y = coincides with one of
the lines of
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + = ,
show that 9 30 25 0 b h a + + = .
Ans.
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + =
2
2 0
y y
a h b
x x
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ \
(i)
3 5 0 x y =

3
5
y
x
= is one of the lines.
put
3
5
y
x
= in (i)
2
3 3
2 0
5 5
a h b
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ \

6 9
0
5 25
a h b + + =
25 30 9 0 a h b + + =
9 30 25 0 b h a + + =

Q-17) If the slope of one of the lines
given by
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + = is k
times the other, prove that
( )
2
2
4 1 kh ab k = + .
Ans. Let
1
m and
2
m be the slopes of the
lines given by
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + =

1 2
2h
m m
b
+ = ... (i)
1 2
a
m m
b
= ... (ii)
But
1 2
m km = ... (iii)
2 2
2h
m km
b
+ = from (i) & (iii)

( )
2
2
1
h
m
b k
=
+
(iv)
( )
2
2
1
h
m k
b
+ = (v)

38
2 2
a
km m
b
= from (ii) & (iii)
2
2
a
km
b
=
( )
2
2
1
h a
k
b k b
(
=
(
+
(

from (iv)
( )
2
2
2
4
.
1
h a
k
b
b k
=
+

( )
2
2
4 1 kh ab k = +

Q-18) Show that the joint equation of a
pair of lines through the origin and
perpendicular to pair of lines
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + = is
2 2
2 0 bx hxy ay + =
Ans. Let
1
m and
2
m are the slopes of
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + =
1 2
2
,
h
m m
b
+ = (i)
1 2
a
m m
b
= (ii)
The required lines are to these
lines.
Their slopes are
1
1
m
and
2
1
m

These lines through the origin,
The equations are
1
1
y x
m
= and
2
1
y x
m
=
1
m y x = and
2
m y x =
1
0 x m y + = and
2
0 x m y + =
The joint equation is
( ) ( )
1 2
0 x m y x m y + + =

( )
2 2
1 2 1 2
0 x m m xy m m y + + + =
2 2
2
0
h a
x xy y
b b
| |
+ + =
|
\

2 2
2 0 bx hxy ay + =

Q-19) Find the joint equation of the pair
of lines through the origin and
perpendicular to the lines given by
2 2
2 3 9 0 x xy y + = .
Ans. Let
1
m and
2
m are the slopes of

2 2
2 3 9 0 x xy y + =
1 2
3 1
9 3
m m

+ = =

1 2
2
9
m m =

Required lines are to these lines.
The slopes are
1
1
m
and
2
1
m

Equations are
1
1
y x
m
= &
2
1
y x
m
=

1 2
m y x and m y x = =
1 2
0 0 x m y and x m y + = + =
Joint equation is
( ) ( )
1 2
0 x m y x m y + + =

( )
2 2
1 2 1 2
0 x m m xy m m y + + + =
2 2
1 2
0
3 9
x xy y
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ \

2 2
9 3 2 0 x xy y =



39
GROUP (B) - CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
Q-1) Find the acute angle between the
lines given by
2 2
4 0 x xy y + =
Ans. If is the acute angle between the
lines then
2
2
tan
h ab
a b

=
+

Here 1; 2; 1 a h b = = =
( ) ( )
2
2 2 1 1
tan
1 1

=
+

2 4 1
tan
2

=
tan 3 3 = =
3
=

Q-2) Find acute angle between lines
given by
2 2
2 cos x y xy ec + =
Ans.
Comparing
2 2
2 cos 0 x xy ec y + =
with
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + = we get
1; 1; cos a b h ec = = =
2
2
tan
h ab
a b

=
+

2
2 cos 1
tan
1 1
ec

=
+

2cot
tan cot
2

= =
tan tan
2

| |
=
|
\

2
=

Q-3) Find acute angle between lines of
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 8 3 0 a b x abxy b a y + + =
Ans. Comparing
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 8 3 0 a b x abxy b a y + + =
with
2 2
2 0 Ax Hxy By + + = we get
( )
2 2 2 2
3 ; 4 ; 3 A a b H ab B b a = = = ,
Let be the acute angle between
the pair of lines.
2
2
tan
H AB
A B

=
+

( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 4 3 3
3 3
ab a b b a
a b b a

=
+

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 16 3 3
2 2
a b a b b a
b a

=

2 2 4 2 4
2 2
2 16 3 10 3
2 2
a b a ab b
b a
+ +
=

( )
4 2 2 4
2 2
2 3 6 3
2
a a b b
b a
+ +
=
+

( )
4 2 2 4
2 2
2 3. 2
2
a a b b
b a
+ +
=
+

( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2
2 3.
2
b a
b a
+
=
+

( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2 3
2
b a
b a
+
=
+

3 =

tan 3 =

40
60
3
o

= =
Angle between pair of lines is
3

Q-4) Find the conditions that the two
lines of ( )
2 2 2
a x bcy a b c xy + = +
may be Coincident and .
Ans. Given equation is
( )
2 2 2
a x bcy a b c xy + = +
( )
2 2 2
0 a x a b c xy bcy + + = (i)
Compare with
2 2
2 0 Ax Hxy By + + =
We get ( )
2
; ;
2
a
A a B bc H b c
= = = +
(i) Equation will represent a pair of
coincident lines if
2
0 H AB =
( )
2
2
. 0
2
a
b c a bc
(
+ =
(

( )
2
2
2
0
4
a
b c a bc + =
( )
2 2 2 2
2 4 0 a b bc c a bc + + =
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 4 0 a b a bc a c a bc + + =
2 2 2 2 2
2 0 a b a bc a c + =
( )
2 2 2
2 0 a b bc c + =
( )
2
2
0 a b c =
( ) 0 a b c =
Either 0 0 a or b c = =
Either 0 a or b c = =
Equation represents two coincident
lines if 0 a or b c = =
(ii) Equation (i) will represent a pair
of lines if 0 A B + =

2
0 a bc + =
Q-5) Show that angle between lines
( )
( )
2
2 2 2
sin cos sin x y x y + =
is 2
Ans.
( )
( )
2
2 2 2
sin cos sin x y x y + = .(i)
2 2 2 2
sin sin x y +
2 2 2 2
cos 2 cos .sin sin x xy y = +

( )
2 2 2
sin cos 2 cos .sin x xy +

( )
2 2 2
sin sin 0 y + =
Comparing with
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + =
2 2 2 2
sin cos ; sin sin a b = =
& cos .sin h =
Let be acute angle between lines
represented by equation (i)
2
2
tan
h ab
a b

=
+

( )
( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
cos .sin
2 sin cos
sin sin
sin cos sin sin

=
+

4 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
sin sin sin
2 cos sin cos sin cos
sin
sin cos sin sin

| |

|
| +
|
|
\
=
+



41

4 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
sin sin sin
2 cos sin cos sin
cos sin
sin cos sin sin

| |
|
| +
|
|
\
=
+
2 2 4
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
cos .sin sin
2 sin .sin cos
.sin cos sin
2sin 1

+ +
+
=

( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2
2 sin sin sin cos
tan
1 2sin

+ +
=

( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2
2 sin sin sin cos
tan
1 2sin

+ +
=

( )
2 2
2 sin sin 1
tan
cos2

+
=

2 2
2 sin .cos
tan
cos2

2sin .cos
tan
cos2

=
sin2
tan
cos2
=
tan tan2 =
tan tan2 =
2 =

Q-6) If the measure of the acute angle
between the lines of
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + = is of
measure
3
. Then show that

( ) ( )
2
3 3 4 a b a b h + + = .
Ans. Let be acute angle between the
lines represented by
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + =
2
2
tan
h ab
a b

=
+

But
3
=

2
2
tan
3
h ab
a b

=
+

2
2
3
h ab
a b
=
+

Squaring Both sides

( )
( )
2
2
4
3
h ab
a b
=
+

( )
2
2
3 4 4 a b h ab + =
( )
2 2 2
3 2 4 4 a ab b h ab + + =
2 2 2
3 6 3 4 4 a ab b h ab + + =
2 2 2
3 10 3 4 a ab b h + + =
( ) ( )
2
3 3 3 4 a a b b a b h + + + =
( ) ( )
2
3 3 4 a b a b h + + =
Hence proved.


42
Q-7) Show that the angle between the
lines
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + = is
congruent to the angle between
the lines
2 2
3 7 4 0 x xy y + = if
( )
( )
2
2
196 h ab a b = +
Ans. Let 1 be the acute angle between
the lines
2 2
2 0 ax hxy by + + =
2
1
2
tan
h ab
a b

=
+
(i)
Let 2 be the acute angle between
the lines
2 2
3 7 4 0 x xy y + =
Comparing
7
3; ; 4
2
A H B
= = =
2
2
2
tan
H AB
A B

=
+

2
2
7
2 12
2
tan
7
| |

|
\
=
2
1
tan
7
=
1 2
=
1 2
tan tan =
2
2 1
7
h ab
a b
=
+

( )
( )
2
2
4
1
49
h ab
a b
=
+

( )
( )
2
2
196 h ab a b = +

GROUP (C) - CLASS WORK PROBLEMS

Q-1) Show that
2 2
2 7 3 5 5 2 0 x xy y x y + + + =
represents a pair of lines and find
the acute angle between them.
Ans. Comparing
2 2
2 7 3 5 5 2 0 x xy y x y + + + = with
2 2
2 2 2 0 ax hxy by gx fy c + + + + + =
We get
7 5 5
2, , 3 , , 2
2 2 2
a h b g f c

= = = = = =
Condition for pair of lines is = 0
a h g
h b f
g f c

5 7
2
2 2
5 7
3
2 2
5 5
2
2 2
=

25 7 7 25 5 35 15
2 6 2
4 2 2 4 2 4 2
= +
| | | | | |
| | |
\ \ \

24 25 7 28 25 5 35 30
2
4 2 4 2 4
+
=
| | | | | |
| | |
\ \ \

1 7 3 5 5
2
4 2 4 2 4
| | | | | |
=
| | |
\ \ \

1 21 25
2 8 8
= +
4 21 25
0
8
+
= =
The equation represents pair of
straight lines.
If is the acute angle between the
lines then

2
2
tan
h ab
a b

=
+


43
( ) ( )
2
2 7/2 2 3
49/4 6
2 3 5

= =
+

2 5/2
1
5
= =
tan 1 =
4
= .

Q-2) Find k if
2 2
2 19 6 20 0 kx xy y x y + + =
represents pairs of lines. Further
find whether these lines are
parallel or intersecting
2 2
2 19 6 20 0 kx xy y x y + + =
Comparing with
2 2
2 2 2 0 ax hxy by gx fy c + + + + + = ,
we get
1 19
, , 2, , 3, 20
2 2
a k h b g f c
= = = = = =
Equation represents a pair of
lines
0
a h g
h b f
g f c
=
19 1
2 2
1
2 3 0
2
19
3 20
2
k

=

[ ]
1 20 57 19
40 9
2 2 2 2
3 38
0
2 2
k
( | | | |
+
| | (
\ \
(
=
(

Q-3) Show that the equation
2 2
9 6 18 6 8 0 x xy y x y + + + =
represents two lines parallel to
each other.
2 2
9 6 18 6 8 0 x xy y x y + + + =
Comparing with
2 2
2 2 2 0 ax hxy by gx fy c + + + + + =
9, 3, 1, 9, 3, 8. a h b g f c = = = = = =
The given equation represents a
pair of lines, if
0
a h g
h b f
g f c
=
L.H.S. =
9 3 9
3 1 3
9 3 8

[ ] ( ) [ ] 9 8 9 3 24 27 9 9 9 = + ( +

[ ] [ ] [ ] 9 1 3 3 9 0 = + + 9 9 0 0 = + + =
pair of lines (i)
Now, ( )
2
2
3 9 1 9 9 0 h ab = = =
As
2
0 h ab = lines are parallel.
(ii)
From (i) & (ii)
2 2
9 6 18 6 8 0 x xy y x y + + + =
represents a pair of parallel straight
lines.


44
Q-4) Find p and q if the equation
2 2
2 4 4 8 4 x xy py x y q + + + + + =
represents a pair of perpendicular
lines.
Ans. The given equation
( )
2 2
2 4 4 8 4 0 x xy py x y q + + + + + =
.. (i)
represents pair of lines
r
to each
other

( ) ( )
2 2
coeff of coeff of 0 x y + =
i.e 2 P 0 + =
P 2 =
substituting this value of P, the
given equation reduces to
( )
2 2
2 4 2 4 8 4 0 x xy y x y q + + + + =
comparing the above equation with
2 2
2 2 2 0 ax hxy by gx fy c + + + + + = ,
we have 2 a = , 2 h = , 2 b = , 2 g = ,
4 f = , 4 c q =
pair of lines if
0
a h g
h b f
g f c
=
i.e
2 2 2
2 2 4 0
2 4 4 q
=

( ) ( )
( )
2 2 4 16 2 2 4 8
2 8 4 0
q q ( (

+ + =

( ) ( ) 2 2 8 16 2 2 8 8 24 0 q q + + =
( ) ( ) 2 2 8 2 2 16 24 0 q q + =
2 4 16 4 32 24 0 q q + + =
8 16 56 0 q + =
8 40 0 q + = 5 q =
Q-5) Find p and q if the following
equation represent a pair of
parallel lines
2 2
2 8 2 15 0 x xy py qx y + + + + =
Ans. The equation
2 2
2 8 2 15 0 x xy py qx y + + + + =
(i)
represents a pair of lines to each
other. Comparing equation (i) with
2 2
2 2 2 0 ax hxy by gx fy c + + + + + =
we have
2 a = , 4 h = , , b P =
2
q
g = , 1 f = ,
15 c =
The lines are

2
h ab =
16 2p =
P = 8
Also since the given equation (i)
represents a pair of lines
0
a h g
D h b f
g f c
=
i.e.
2 4
2
4 8 1 0
1 15
2
q
q
=

( ) 2 120 4 4 60
2
4 8 0
2
q
q
| |

|
\
| |
+ =
|
\

2
242 240 2 2 2 0 q q q + + + =

2
2 4 2 0 q q + =
2
2 4 2 0 q q + =
2
2 1 0 q q + =


45
( )
2
1 0 q =
1 q =
Hence p = 8, q = 1

Q-6) Find combined equation of a pair
of lines through the point (2, -3)
and parallel to the lines given by
2 2
2 0 x xy y + = .
Ans.
2 2
2 0 x xy y + =
2 2
2 2 0 x xy xy y + =
( ) ( ) 2 2 0 x x y y x y + + =
( ) ( ) 2 0 x y x y + =
0 x y = or 2 0 x y + =
Slope of 0 x y = is 1.
Slope of line
r
to 0 x y = is 1
equation of line
r
to 0 x y =
and passing through ( ) 2, 3 is,
( ) 3 1 2 y x + =
3 2 y x + = +
1 0 x y + + = . (i)
Slope of 2 0 x y + = is
1
2

Slope of line
r
to 2 0 x y + = is 2.
equation of line
r
to 2 0 x y + =
and passing through ( ) 2, 3 is,
( ) 3 2 2 y x + =
3 2 4 y x + =
2 7 0 x y = . (ii)
combined equations of lines is,
( ) ( ) 1 2 7 0 x y x y + + =
from (i) and (ii)

2 2
2 7 2
7 2 7 0
x xy x xy y
y x y
+
+ =

2 2
2 5 8 7 0 x xy y x y + =

Q-7) Find so that the equation
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1 5 1 0 x y x y + =
represents two straight lines.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1 5 1 0 x y x y + =
(i)
( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 2 1
1 5 5 0
x x y y
x y
+ +
+ + + =

2 2
2 1 2 1 1 5 5 0 x x y y x y + + + + + =
2 2
3 3 6 0 x x y y + + =
2 2
3 3 6 0 x y x y + + = (ii)
Comparing with
2 2
2 2 2 0 ax hxy by gx fy c + + + + + =
3 3
1, 0, 1, , , 6 .
2 2
a h b g f c

= = = = = = +
Equation (ii) represents a pair of
lines

0
a h g
h b f
g f c
=
3
1 0
2
3
0 1 0
2
3 3
6
2 2

=

+

( )
9 9 3 3
1 1 6 0 0 0 0
4 4 2 2
( ( (
+ =
( ( (

( ) 4 6 9
3 3
0
4 2 2
+
| |
=
|
\

24 4 9 9
0
4 4

+ =

46
24 4 9 9
0
4
+
=
24 4 0 = 24 4 =
24
4

=
6 =

Q-8) Find the separate equations for
each of the following lines
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2
8 1 10 1 3
3 3 0
x x y
y
+ +
=

Ans. The given equation is
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
2
8 1 10 1 3
3 3 0
x x y
y
+ +
=

Let 1 X x = and 3 y y =
The given equation becomes

2 2
8 10 3 0 X XY Y + + =

2 2
8 4 6 3 0 X XY XY Y + + + =
( ) ( ) 4 2 3 2 0 X X Y Y X Y + + + =
( ) ( ) 2 4 3 0 X Y X Y + + =
The given equation represents
the two line
for 2 0 X Y + =
for 4 3 0 X Y + =
i.e. ( ) ( ) 4 1 3 3 0 x y + =
4 3 13 0 x y + =

Q-9) Show that the equation
( )
2
2
1 4 x y x + = represents a pair
of lines with ( )
1
tan 2
as the
acute angle between them.
Ans.
The equation is ( )
2
2
1 4 x y x + =
( ) ( )
2
2
1 2 4 x y x y x + + + =
2 2 2
2 1 2 2 4 x y xy x y x + + + =

2 2
3 2 2 2 1 0 x y xy x y + + = ..(i)
comparing the given equation (i)
with

2 2
2 2 2 0 ax hxy by gx fy c + + + + + =
we have,
3 a = , 1 b = , 1 h = , 1 g = , 1 f = ,
1 c =
equation (i) represents a pair of
straight lines if
0
a h g
h b f
g f c
(
(
=
(
(

L.H.S
3 1 1 3 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

[ ]
2 3
R R =
The given (i) represents a pair of
straight lines
The acute angle between the lines is
given by
( ) ( )
2
2
2 1 3 1
2
tan
3 1
h ab
a b
= =
+

2 4
2
2
= =
tan 2 =
( )
1
tan 2

=



47
Q-10) By shifting the origin to a
suitable point, reduce the
following equations to the
homogeneous form and hence
find the coordinates of the point
of intersection of the two lines
represented by the given
equations.
2 2
2 7 4 10 58 28 0 x xy y x y + + + =
Ans. The given equation is

2 2
2 7 4 10 58 28 0 x xy y x y + + + =
............ (i)
Let (h,k) be the point of intersection
of the pair of lines represented by
equation (i) we shifted the origin to
(h, k) axes remaining
x x h = + , y y k = +
substituting the values of x and y,
in the given equation (i), we get
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 7 4
10 58 28 0
x h x h y k y k
x h y k
+ + + + +
+ + + + =
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 7 x h xh xy hy xk hk + + + + + +
( )
2 2
4 2 10 10
58 58 28 0
y k y k x h
y k
+ + + + +
+ + =

( )
( )
2 2
2 7 4 4 7 10
7 8 58
x xy y h k x
h k y
+ + + +
+ + +

( )
2 2
2 7 4 10 58 28 0 h hk k h k + + + =
This equation is homogeneous in
x and y if the equation
4 7 10 0 h k + + = ..(ii)
7 8 58 0 h k + = .(iii)
and
2 2
2 7 4 10 58 28 0 h hk k h k + + + =
.(iv)

are simultaneously true
Solving equation (ii) and (iii) we get
1
10 7 4 10 4 7
58 8 7 58 7 8
h k
= =

1
80 106 232 70 32 49
h k
= =
+ +

486
6
81
h = =
and
162
2
81
k

= =

putting 6 h = and 2 k = in
equation (iv) , we get
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
L.H.S 2 6 7 6 2 4 2
10 6 58 2 28
= + +
+

72 84 16 60 116 28 = +
188 188 =
0 =
The given equation becomes
homogenous equation of 2
nd
degree
if the origin is shifted to the point
(h , k) = ( ) 6,2
pair of lines whose points of
intersection is ( ) 6,2


48
Q-11) Find the joint equation of the
lines which are parallel to each
other and at a distance of 5 units
each from the line 3 x =
Ans.

line
r
to 3 x = is x k =
equation of lines are
8 x = and 2 x =
combined equation of lines is,
( ) ( ) 8 2 0 x x + =

2
8 2 10 0 x x x + =

2
6 10 0 x x =

***

Pair of Straight Lines

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Pair of Straight Lines

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Pair of straight lines

; the third angle

+ = from (i) & (iii)

. Then show that

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