You are on page 1of 11

Design

of Tunnel
_____________________________________________________________________________________

DESIGN OF TUNNEL LINING IN VERY GOOD ROCK STRATA


(Using I.S. Criteria)
Design Data
Internal diameter of the tunnel
Thickness of lining (assumed )

D
t

=
=

6.44
0.30

m
m

Characteristic compressive strength of concrete

fck

=
=

M20
20

N/mm2

Permissible compressive stress of concrete

scbc

N/mm2

Permissible tensile stress of concrete

scbt

3.13

N/mm2

Unit weight of Condrete =

w
wc

=
=

10
25

KN/m3
KN/m3

Unit weight of rock =

wr

26.6

KN/m3

Modulous of elasticity of Rock =

Er
Ec

=
=

Grade of concrete

Unit weight of water =

Modulous of elasticity of Concrete =

Height of over burden


length of the tunnel considered

>
=

2
1.50E+07 KN/m
2
2.55E+07 KN/m

3D
1.0

m
m

LOADS ON TUNNEL LINING


The following figure shows various loads on tunnel lining.
UNIFORM VERTICAL LOADING

TRIANGULAR PASSIVE
PRESSURE

UNIFORM VERTICAL REACTION

______________________________________________________________________________________
VERY GOOD ROCK

Design
of Tunnel
_____________________________________________________________________________________

EXTERNAL LOADS ON LINING


1 Rock Load :
As per Table 1 of IS 4880 - Part lV - 1971, for "Hard and Intact" rock conditions ,
Hp

Rock Load

2 Self Weight of Lining :


Unit weight of Condrete =

Thickness of lining (assumed )

wc
t

=
=

25
0.30

KN/m3

10

KN/m3

3 Weight of contained water:


Unit weight of water =

4 Reaction due to active vertical loads:


Reaction due to active vertical loads is the sum of vertical loads due to the above loads

5 Lateral pressure :
Lateral pressure is calculated for each loading condition seperately as given below.

______________________________________________________________________________________
VERY GOOD ROCK

Design
of Tunnel
_____________________________________________________________________________________

5(a) Lateral earth pressure for Tunnel empty condition


Basic data:
Moment of inertia of section
Mean radius of lining
Thickness of lining (assumed )
Modulous of Compressablity of of Concrete =

m4
m
m
KN/m2

I
R
t
Et

=
=
=
=

0.002250
3.370
0.30
2.00E+07

EI

2
5.74E+04 KNm

=
=

4.29E-03 mm
4.29E-06 m

Assumed Horizontal displacement at springings

Intensity of lateral triangular load at horizontal Diameter (As per Vergas theory )
K

Horizontal Deflection at springing level

(4/3)Et*y/1.75R

1.94E+01

KN/m2

0.04167 P*R3 / El

0.00E+00 mm

(f=90)

a) Horizontal deflection due to uniform vertical load

b) Horizontal deflection due to conduit weight

0.13090 wc*t*R4/El

2.21E-03 m

c)

Horizontal deflection at springing level due to lateral pressure


=

(-) 0.05055 K*R4/El


-2.203E-03 m

Total Horizontal deflection at springing level

(a)+ (b)+ (c)

Total Horizontal deflection at springing level

4.287E-03 mm

4.287E-03 mm

Assumed Horizontal displacement at springs


Assumed deflection

Calculated deflection.

Hence OK

______________________________________________________________________________________
VERY GOOD ROCK

Design
of Tunnel
_____________________________________________________________________________________

LOAD CASE 1

Tunnel Empty Condition :

CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT,NORMAL THRUST AND RADIAL SHEAR


(As per IS:4880 Part IV)
1(a) BENDING MOMENTS (KNm/m)

BENDING MOMENT DUE TO


SECTIONAT UNIFORM
CONDUIT LATERAL TOTAL B.M.
f = (degrees) VERTICAL
WEIGHT PRESSURE
LOAD
0
0
37.5289
-31.5678
5.9611
45
0
-2.8449
-1.8492
-4.6941
90
0
-33.4489
36.3888
2.9399
135
0
2.8449
-4.1166
-1.2717
180
0
29.3689
-28.5079
0.8611
2
2
PR
KR
wctR
0.000
85.17675
220.1381

1(b). NORMAL THRUST (KN/m)


NORMAL THRUST DUE TO
SECTIONAT UNIFORM
CONDUIT LATERAL
f = (degrees) VERTICAL
WEIGHT PRESSURE
LOAD
0
0
4.2133
31.0284
45
0
28.6416
19.9757
90
0
-39.6818
0.0000
135
0
11.0603
17.4673
180
0
-4.1957
24.7051
PR
KR
wctR
0.000
25.275
65.3229

TOTAL
Thrust
35.2417
48.6174
-39.6818
28.5277
20.5095

1(c). RADIAL SHAER (KN/m)


RADIAL SHAER DUE TO
SECTIONAT UNIFORM
CONDUIT LATERAL TOTAL Shear
f = (degrees) VERTICAL
WEIGHT PRESSURE
LOAD
0
0
ZERO
ZERO
ZERO
45
0
-22.6868
19.9757
-2.7111
90
0
4.1957
-1.6069
2.5887
135
0
17.0151
-17.4673
-0.4522
180
0
ZERO
ZERO
ZERO
PR
KR
wctR
0.000
25.275
65.3229

______________________________________________________________________________________
VERY GOOD ROCK

Design
of Tunnel
_____________________________________________________________________________________

DESIGN OF THE TUNNEL SECTION

(For tunnel empty condition)

Maximum Bending Moment


Q
Effective Depth required d =(M/Q b)^1/2

Over all thicness of lining required


However adopt an overall thickness of lining
Factor
SECTIO
NAT f= FACTORED FACTORED
B.M(Mu)
(degrees LOAD (pu)
)
KN
KNm
0
45
90
135
180

52.863
72.926
-59.523
42.792
30.764

8.942
-7.041
4.410
-1.908
1.292

P u.
( fck b D )

M u.

5.961

1.17

KNm

71.378828 mm

121.37883 mm

300

1.5

P u.
( fck )

fck b D2 )

0.008810
0.012154
-0.009920
0.007132
0.005127

% OF
STEEL (p)

mm

AREA OF
STEEL (AST)
mm2

0.00497
-0.00391
0.00245
-0.00106
0.00072

Section Properties

Area of cross section of lining

A
Ae
Ie
Z

Equivalent area
Equivalent Moment of Inertia
Section modulus

=
=
=
=

3.000E+05
3.000E+05
2.250E+09
3.707E+07

mm2
mm2
mm4
mm3

Check for Bending Stresses

SECTIO
N AT f=
(degrees TOTAL LOAD
)
(P) KN
0
35.242
45
48.617
90
-39.682
135
28.528
180
20.509

TOTAL
B.M(Mu)
KNm
5.961
-4.694
2.940
-1.272
0.861

( M
Ae )

Z)

0.117472
0.162058
-0.132273
0.095092
0.068365

0.160789
-0.126613
0.079299
-0.034301
0.023226

( Max Stress
N / mm2

Min Stress
N / mm2

Remarks

0.278261
0.035445
-0.052974
0.060791
0.091590

-0.043316
0.288671
-0.211571
0.129393
0.045139

Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe

Permissible compressive stress of concrete

scbc

N/mm2

Permissible tensile strength of concrete

scbt

3.13

N/mm2

______________________________________________________________________________________
VERY GOOD ROCK

Design
of Tunnel
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Check for Shear Stresses

SECTION
AT f=
(degrees)
0
45
90
135
180

Factored
Shear
KN
ZERO
-4.067
3.883
-0.678
ZERO

Allowble
Shear Stress
Shear
Stress Remarks
N / mm2
N / mm2
0.000
-0.014
0.013
-0.002
0.000

0.220
0.220
#REF!
0.220
0.220

Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe

Check for Uncracked Section


scc Cal
SECTIO
NAT f=
(degrees TOTAL LOAD
)
(P) KN
0
35.242
45
48.617
90
-39.682
135
28.528
180
20.509

TOTAL
B.M(Mu)
KNm
5.961
-4.694
2.940
-1.272
0.861

scbc cal

( M
Ae )

Z)

0.117472
0.162058
0.132273
0.095092
0.068365

0.160789
0.126613
0.079299
0.034301
0.023226
scbc

Perm. compressive stress of concrete in bending


Perm Stress under direct compression for concrete

scc Cal / scc

scc
scbc Cal / scbc

scc Cal / scc


scbc Cal / scbc
mm2

+
N/

0.046464
0.050499
0.037783
0.023919
0.016991

Remarks
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe

N/mm2

=
<

5
1

N/mm2

Check for Maximum Deflections


Horizantal Deflections ( mm )

SECTION AT
f= (degrees)
0
45
90
135
180

HORIZANTAL DEFLECTION DUE TO


UNIFORM
CONDUIT LATERAL
VERTICAL
WEIGHT PRESSURE
LOAD
0.000
0.0000
0.0000
0.000
0.8497
-0.7626
0.000
2.2070
-2.2027
0.000
0.7108
-0.7076
0.000
0.0000
0.0000
PR
KR4 / EI
wctR4 /EI
0.000

16.8600

TOTAL
0.0000
0.0872
0.0043
0.0032
0.0000

43.5745

______________________________________________________________________________________
VERY GOOD ROCK

Design
of Tunnel
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Vertical Deflections ( mm )
VERTICAL EFLECTIONS DUE TO
SECTIONAT UNIFORM
CONDUIT LATERAL
f = (degrees) VERTICAL
WEIGHT PRESSURE
LOAD
0
0
0.000
0.0000
45
0
1.564
-1.3839
90
0
2.346
-2.1765
135
0
3.125
-2.9674
180
0
4.414
-4.2437
PR3 / EI
KR4 / EI
wctR4 /EI
0.000

TOTAL
0.0000
0.1805
0.1699
0.1576
0.1702

43.5745

16.860

5(b) Lateral earth pressure for Tunnel Full condition


Basic data:
Moment of inertia of section
Mean radius of lining
Internal radius of tunnel
Thickness of lining (assumed )
Modulous of elasticity of Concrete =

m4
m
m
m
KN/m2

I
R
r
t
Et

=
=
=
=
=

0.002250
3.370
3.220
0.30
2.00E+07

EI

2
5.74E+04 KNm

=
=

1.25E-02 mm
1.25E-05 m

Assumed Horizontal displacement at springings

Intensity of lateral triangular load at horizontal Diameter (As per Vergas theory )
K

(4/3)Et*y/1.75R
2
5.91E+01 KN/m

=
Horizontal Deflection at springing level

(f=90)

a) Horizontal deflection due to uniform vertical load

b) Horizontal deflection due to conduit weight

c) Horizontal deflection due to contained water

0.04167 P*R3 / El

=
=

0.00E+00 m
0E+00 mm

0.13090 wc*t*R4/El

=
=

2.207E-03 m
2.207E+00 mm

0.06545 w*r2*R3/EI

______________________________________________________________________________________
VERY GOOD ROCK

Design
of Tunnel
_____________________________________________________________________________________

d)

Horizontal deflection at springing level due to lateral pressure

Total Horizontal deflection at springing level

Assumed Horizontal displacement at springs


Assumed deflection

=
=

4.5268E-03 m
4.527E+00 mm

(-) 0.05055 K*R4/El

=
=

-6.72E-03 m
-6.72E+00 mm

( a ) + ( b ) + ( c ) + (d )

1.250E-02 mm

1.250E-02 mm

Calculated deflection.

Hence OK
LOAD CASE 2

Tunnel Full Condition :

CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT,NORMAL THRUST AND RADIAL SHEAR


(As per IS:4880 Part IV)
2(a) BENDING MOMENTS (KNm/m)

BENDING MOMENT DUE TO


SECTIONAT UNIFORM
f = (degrees) VERTICAL
LOAD
0
0
45
0
90
0
135
0
180
0
PR
0.000

CONDUIT CONTAINED LATERAL


WEIGHT
WATER
PRESSURE
37.5289
-2.8449
-33.4489
2.8449
29.3689
wctR2
85.17675

76.9761
-5.8352
-68.5902
5.8352
60.2392
wr2R

-96.3254
-5.6425
111.0362
-12.5613
-86.9884
KR2

349.4151

671.7252

TOTAL
B.M.
18.1796
-14.3226
8.9971
-3.8811
2.6197

2(b) NORMAL THRUST (KN/m)


NORMAL THRUST DUE TO
SECTIONAT UNIFORM
f = (degrees) VERTICAL
LOAD
0
0
45
0
90
0
135
0
180
0
PR
0.000

CONDUIT CONTAINED LATERAL


WEIGHT
WATER
PRESSURE
4.2133
28.6416
-39.7020
11.0603
-4.2133
wctR
25.275

-146.8788
-81.5889
-22.2506
-44.3456
-60.4892
wr2

94.7591
60.9536
0.0000
53.2995
-75.3847
KR

103.6840

199.3250

TOTAL
-47.9063
8.0063
-61.9526
20.0142
-140.0873

______________________________________________________________________________________
VERY GOOD ROCK

Design
of Tunnel
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2(C) RADIAL SHEAR (KN/m)

RADIAL SHEAR DUE TO


SECTIONAT UNIFORM
f = (degrees) VERTICAL
LOAD
0
0
45
0
90
0
135
0
180
0
PR

CONDUIT CONTAINED LATERAL


WEIGHT
WATER
PRESSURE

0.000

0.0000
-22.6868
4.2133
17.0151
0.0000
wctR2
25.275

0.0000
-46.5334
8.6369
34.9000
0.0000
wr2

0.0000
60.9536
-4.9034
-53.2995
0.0000
KR

103.6840

199.3250

Maximum Bending Moment


Q
Effective Depth required d =(M/Q b)^1/2

Over all thicness of lining required


However adopt an overall thickness of lining
Factor

SECTIO
NAT f= FACTORED FACTORED
B.M(Mu)
(degrees LOAD (pu)
)
KN
KNm
0
45
90
135
180

71.859
12.009
92.929
30.021
210.131

27.269
-21.484
13.496
-5.822
3.930

P u.
( fck b D )
0.011977
0.002002
0.015488
0.005004
0.035022

M u.

0.0000
-8.2666
7.9468
-1.3843
0.0000

18.180

1.17

124.65

mm

174.65

mm

300

mm

1.5

P u.
( fck )

fck b D2 )

TOTAL

% OF
STEEL (p)

KNm

AREA OF
STEEL (AST)
mm2

0.01515
-0.01194
0.00750
-0.00323
0.00218

Section Properties

Area of cross section of lining


Equivalent area
Equivalent Moment of Inertia
Section modulus

A
Ae
Ie
Z

=
=
=
=

3.000E+05
3.000E+05
2.250E+09
2.577E+07

mm2
mm2
mm4
mm3

______________________________________________________________________________________
VERY GOOD ROCK

Design
of Tunnel
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Check for Bending Stresses

SECTIO
N AT f=
(degrees TOTAL LOAD
)
(P) KN
0
-47.906
45
8.006
90
-61.953
135
20.014
180
-140.087

TOTAL
B.M(Mu)
KNm
18.180
-14.323
8.997
-3.881
2.620

( M
Ae )

Z)

-0.159688
0.026688
-0.206509
0.066714
-0.466958

0.490360
-0.386325
0.242679
-0.104686
0.070661

( Max Stress
N / mm2

Min Stress
N / mm2

Remarks

0.330672
-0.359638
0.036171
-0.037972
-0.396297

-0.650048
0.413013
-0.449188
0.171400
-0.537619

Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe

Permissible compressive strength of concrete

scbc

N/mm2

Permissible tensile strength of concrete

scbt

1.70

N/mm2

Check for Shear Stresses

SECTION
AT f=
(degrees)
0
45
90
135
180

Factored
Shear
KN
0.000
-12.400
11.920
-2.077
0.000

Allowble
Shear Stress
Shear
Stress Remarks
N / mm2
N / mm2
0.000
-0.041
0.040
-0.007
0.000

0.220
0.220
0.220
0.220
0.220

Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe

Check for Uncracked Section


scc Cal
SECTIO
NAT f=
(degrees TOTAL LOAD
)
(P) KN
0
-47.906
45
8.006
90
-61.953
135
20.014
180
-140.087

TOTAL
B.M(Mu)
KNm
18.180
-14.323
8.997
-3.881
2.620

( M

Ae )

Z)

-0.159688
0.026688
-0.206509
0.066714
0.466958

0.490360
0.386325
0.242679
0.104686
0.070661

Perm. compressive stress of concrete in bending


Perm Stress under direct compression for concrete

scc Cal / scc

scbc cal

scbc
scc
scbc Cal / scbc

scc Cal / scc


scbc Cal / scbc
mm2

+
N/

0.038114
0.060527
-0.006633
0.028298
0.103486

Remarks
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe
Safe

N/mm2

=
<

5
1

N/mm2

______________________________________________________________________________________
VERY GOOD ROCK

Design
of Tunnel
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Check for Maximum Deflections


Horizantal Deflections ( mm )

SECTION AT
f= (degrees)
0
45
90
135
180

HORIZANTAL DEFLECTION DUE TO


UNIFORM
CONDUIT CONTAINED LATERAL
VERTICAL
WEIGHT
WATER
PRESSURE
LOAD
0.000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.000
0.8497
1.7429
-0.7626
0.000
2.2070
4.5268
-2.2027
0.000
0.7108
1.4580
-0.7076
0.000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
PR
wr2R4 /EI
KR4 / EI
wctR4 /EI
0.000

16.8600

69.1638

TOTAL
0.0000
1.8301
4.5311
1.4611
0.0000

43.5745

Vertical Deflections ( mm )

SECTION AT
f= (degrees)
0
45
90
135
180

HORIZANTAL DEFLECTION DUE TO


UNIFORM
CONDUIT CONTAINED LATERAL
VERTICAL
WEIGHT
WATER
PRESSURE
LOAD
0.000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.000
1.5644
3.2092
-1.3839
0.000
2.3464
4.8124
-2.1765
0.000
3.1250
6.4101
-2.9674
0.000
4.4140
9.0535
-4.2437
2 4
4
4
PR
wr
R
/EI
KR
/ EI
wctR /EI
0.000
43.5745
16.8600
69.1638

TOTAL
0.0000
3.3897
4.9823
6.5677
9.2238

______________________________________________________________________________________
VERY GOOD ROCK

You might also like