Refraction of Light on PlanParallel Glass and Prism

Physics Report

4/1/2012 By :

Akbar Fathoni H Ayu Fardiana W Esa Annisa Devia F Joshua Alif W Prisya Niken M P Wininda Puspita H L

(02) (08) (14) (20) (26) (32)

Physics Report

I. Basic Theory
1.1 The Deffinition and the law of light refraction Lights waves will change in speed when entering a new medium. For example, in air, light propagates at speed of 3 X 108 m/s andas it passing throught the glass medium, its speed changes into approximately 2 x 108 m/s. The change of speed of light will cause it to experience bending (changing direction). In this case, the bending of light direction as it passing throught the boundary plane of two different medium is called refraction of light. Reffraction occurs when the incident ray with a certain angle (nother perpendicular nor parallel) hits the boundary plane. The light which is refracted will change in direction, speed, and wavelength, while the frequency and the wave phase are constant. The law of refraction is obtained from an experiment of a Dutch matematician, Willebrord Snellius (1580-1626). The law states that the incident ray, refracted ray and normal line all lie on one plane. The statement of the law is known as the Snells I law, but besides that there is another law of refraction known as the Snells II law, that states if the incident ray travels from a less dense to a denser medium, then it bends (refracts) towards the normal line, and if the incident ray travels from a denser to a less dence medium then it bends (refract) away from the normal line. The law of refraction obtained by Snells experiment was derived by Rene Descartes using corpuscular theory, that resulted the following mathematical equation : n1 sin 0 = n2 sin 0

1.2 Refraction of Light in Planparallel Glass If a stream of light taht travels from a medium (n1) to a planparallel glass (made from glass shaped a cube) with refractive index n2 will be refracted. The light that hits the planparallel glass will experience two refractions, those are the refraction as it entersbthe planparallel glass and that of when it comes out from the planparallel glass. Beside that, the light coming out from planparallel glass will displace as far as t from the initial direction, and the magnitude of light displacement complies the following equation. ( )

Where : t = displacement of light d = planparallel glass thickness i = angle of incidence r = angle of refraction

1.3 Refraction of Light in Prism A prism is a transparent object made of a glass and bordered by two planes (surfaces) which from a certain angle. If a stream of light hits one place of the prism, then it will be refracted by the plane, then, it will also be refracted by the second plane when it comes out of the prism. In the case, both of the prism planes are called refractor planes and the angle formed by them is called the angle of refractor or angle of prism peak.

Refraction of light in prism, there is a term called deviation angle, that is angle which is formed by the continuation of light entering the prism with that of comes out of the prism. The refraction in prism complies the following equation.
= I1 + R2

II. Purpose
1. 2. 3. To determine the minimum angle of deviation on prism To determine the index of refraction of glass on planparallel glass To determine the shift of light on planparallel glass

III. Instruments and Tools

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Prism Planparallel glass A degree ruler Spidol (red and blue) Paper

IV. Steps
1. Refraction of Light on PlanParallel Glass 1. Draw six of design of Planparallel glass 2. Make angle of incidence (i) = 20o, 25o, 30o, 35o, 40o, 45o 3. Joint the the light entering of Planparallel with that of comes out from the Planparallel glass 4. Measure the refraction ray (r) 5. Make an extension line of the refraction ray 6. Measure the displacement of light (t)

2.

Refraction of Light on Prism 1. Draw six of the design of Prism 2. Arrange the design like the following figure

3. Make an angle of incidence (i1), 35o 4. Measure the deviation angle (D) and R2 5. Replay the steps 3 until 4 for angle of incidence (i1) = 40o, 45o, 50o, 55o, and 60o

V. RESULT
a) Refraction of Light on PlanParallel Glass ( 0,98 1,05 1,09 1,66 1,78 1,98 )

NO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

I 200 250 300 350 400 450

r 110 150 200 200 240 280

Sin i 0,34 0,43 0,5 0,57 0,64 0,71

Sin r 0,19 0,29 0,34 0,34 0,41 0,47 1,79 1,48 1,47 1,68 1,56 1,51

d 6 6 6 6 6 6

t 0,9 1 1,2 1,6 1,8 2

b) Refraction of Light on Prism

NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

I1 350 400 450 500 550 600

R2 350 340 280 180 170 100

450 450 450 450 450 450

240 290 300 280 330 230

= I1 + R2 - 250 290 280 230 270 250

VI. Analisa
a) Refraction of Light on Planparallel Glass

1. 2. 3. 4.

( ( ( (

) ) ) )

5. 6.

( (

) )

b)

Refraction of Light on Prism

1. = I1 + R2 = 350 + 350 450 = 250 2. = I1 + R2 = 40 + 34 45 = 290 3. = I1 + R2 = 45 + 28 45 = 280
0 0 0 0 0 0

4. = I1 + R2 = 500 + 180 450 = 230 5. = I1 + R2 = 550 + 170 450 = 270 6. = I1 + R2 = 600 + 100 450 = 250

VII. Graphycs
a) Refraction of Light on PlanParallel Glass

Sin i
0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.19 0.29 0.34 0.34 0.41 0.47

Sin r

b) Refraction of Light on Prism

D (degree)
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 35 40 45 50 55 60

i1 (degree)

VII. Conclussion