You are on page 1of 11

pmrsufESm 1 (3) Budrfajrmuf ½dk[if*smtrsdK;aeYtxk;xkwf

1991-Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf/

Zefe0g&Dv(3)&ufaeYrdwfqHk;pm;yGJwi
G (f 3)Budrfajrmuf½dk[if*smtrsKd;om;aeY
ESifhywfoufí?trsKd;om;ygwDOuú|\trSmpum;rSaumufEkwfcsufrsm;

av;pm;tyfygaom- ygwDtoD;oD;rSacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;eJY txl;zdwfMum;xm;aom


{nfhonfawmfBuD;rsm;cifAsm;- 'DaeY[m (43)BudrfajrmufvGwfvyfa&;tBudKaeYvnf;jzpf
w,f?trsKd;om;ygwD&JU(2)ESpfajrmufESpfywfvnfaeYjzpfw,f? txl;ojzifh½dk[if*smtrsKd;
om;aeYvnf;jzpfygw,f/'Dr*Fvm½dSwJhaeYxl;aeYjrwfBuD;rSm {nfhonfawmfBuD;rsm;eJYckvdk
rdwfqHkpm;yGJBuD;ûyvkyf&wJhtwGuftrsKd;om;ygwDrS txl;yif*kPf,l0rf;ajrmuf&aMumif;OD;
pGmajymMum;vdkygw,f/{nfh0wfrausyGefrlawGYcJh&ifvnf;cGifhvTwfyg&efBudKwifawmif;yef
tyfygw,f/

av;pm;tyfygaom{nfhonfawmfBuD;rsm;cifAsm; -
'DvdkaeYxl;aeYjrwftcrf;tem;udk &cdkifjynfe,f&JUrdk;aumif;uifwpfckvHk;rSmtrsKd;
om;tvHeJYjynfhvsHoGm;atmifusif;yoGm;zdkYjzpfygw,f/'DaeYtzdkYuawmh'Dwpfae&mrSmom
uRefawmfwdkYusif;yEdkifao;ygw,f/aemiftcgrSmawmh&cdkifjynfwpfjynfvHk;eJY ½dk[if*smvl
rsKd;awGtrsm;tjym;aexdkifwJh t&yfa'otm;vHk;rSm'DaeYrsKd;udk aomif;aomif;jzjzusif;y
oGm;r,fvdkY trsKd;om;ygwDudk,fpm;uRefawmfuwdjyKygw,f/

av;pm;tyfygaom{nfhonfawmfBuD;rsm;cifAsm; -
½dk[if*smwdkY[m&cdkifrdom;pkjzpfygw,f/'gaMumif;&cdkifeJY½dk[if*smjrefrmwdkY&JUrdom;
pkjzpfygw,f/½dk[if*smta&;[m-&cdkifta&;jzpfygw,f/&cdkifta&;[mvnf;-½dk[if*smt
a&;jzpfygw,f/tvm;wlyJ&cdkif^½dk[if*smta&;[mjrefrmwdkY&JUta&;jzpfygw,f/xdkYtwlyJ
jrefrmta&;[mvnf;&cdkif^½dk[if*smwdkY&JU ta&;jzpfygw,f/½dk[if*smwdkYeJY ywfoufvdkY
trsdK;om;ygwD[m 'Dtwdkif;yJ,HkMunfhygw,f/

av;pm;tyfygaom{nfhonfawmfBuD;rsm;cifAsm; -
todcufaeolwdkif;&if;om;nDudkrsm;twGuf ½dk[if*smb,folvJqdk'guRefawmft
enf;i,fwifjyygr,f/½dk[if*smqdk'g &cdkif&JUtrTmnDudkjzpfygw,f/&cdkifjynfe,frSm½dk[if
*smwdkY[m 'kwd,vlOD;a&trsm;qHk;jzpfw,f/ZmwdaoG;ZmwdrmefBuD;rm;wJh?trsKd;udkcspfwJh
vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;jzpfw,f?&cdkifrSm½dk[if*smwdkY[mpHjyvlrsKd;jzpfygw,f/½dk[ifvlrsKd;[mbmom
a&;txl;udkif;½SdKif;olrsm;jzpfw,f/bmoma&;ESifhnDñGwfatmifaexdkifolrsm;jzpfw,f/ol
wdkY[m ½dk;½dk;½Sif;½Sif;yJ?½Iyf½IyfayGayGraebl;?yvTmrIr&Sdbl;?edrfhedrfhcscsusifhBuHwwfolrsm;jzpff
w,f/tvkyfeJYvufNrJw,f?ypönf;Opömqkaqmif;w,f?onf;cH pdwf&SnfMuw,f?toHk;t
jzKef;enf;yg;w,f?<um;<um;0g;0g;raewwfbl;?trdEdkifiHawmfudk t<uif;rJhopömapmifhol
rsm;jzpfw,f?{nfh0wfausyGefwwfolrsm;jzpfw,f?tauR;tarG; &ufa&mw,f?jyKpkapmifh
a&SmufrIaumif;olrsm;jzpfw,f/EdkifiHawmfacgif;aqmifBuD;udkvnf;aumif;?EdkifiHawmftpdk;
&udkvnf;aumif; tBuD;tuJq&morm;vlBuD;rdbrsm;udkt<uif;rJ ½dkaoav;pm;olrsm;
jzpfw,f?opömapmifholrsm;jzpfw,f?'gaMumifh ½dk[if*smwdkY[m&cdkifjynfe,frdom;pkxJrSm

REPRINT IN MALAYSIA 07 APRIL 2007


pmrsufESm 2 (3) Budrfajrmuf ½dk[if*smtrsdK;aeYtxk;xkwf
1991-Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf/

pHHjyvlrsKd;omjzpfw,f/

av;pm;tyfygaom{nfhonfawmfBuD;rsm;cifAsm; -
½dk[if*smvlrsKd;[m'DavmufxdjynfaxmifpktwGufwefzdk;BuD;rm;aomvlrsKd;jzpfae
ayrJh?'DvlrsKd;tay:&cdkifjynfygwDrsm;uoabmxm;wJhtcgtkyfpk(3)ckuGJjym;ae'gawGU&yg
w,f/
tkyfpk(1)- 'Dtkyfpkuawmh½dk[if*smwdkYtay: pdrf;pdrf;um;um;oabmxm;w,f?½dk
[if*smwdkYudk&cdkifjynfe,frSm Zmwfedrfhtjzpfxm;vdkMuw,f?Ak'¨bmom0if&cdkifrsm;udkom
t"duta&;xm;vdkMuw,f/
tkyfpk(2)- 'Dtkyfpktawmh&cdkifjynfrSm½dk[if*smudkoD;oefYxm;vdkw,f?tpövifbm
om0ifwpfOD;(0g)tpövifygwDwpfckuxdktkyfpkudktkyfcsKyfxm;vdkw,f/
tkyfpk(3)- 'Dtkyfpkuawmh&cdkifeJY½dk[if*smwdkYudktrTmnDudktjzpfoabmxm;w,f/
½dk[if*smwdkYudk&cdkifajrzGm;om;aumif;rsm;tjzpfcH,lw,f/'Dtkyfpk(3)&JU oabm;xm;rSm?&
cdkifudkcspf&if½dk[if*smudkvnf;cspfyg?&cdkifudkrkef;&if½dk[if*smukdvnf;rkef;yg?&cdkifeJY½dk[if*sm
wdkY[maowl&SifruGmaevdkygw,f/tkyfpk(3)[m'DvdkyJoabmxm;ygw,f/

av;pm;tyfygaom{nfhonfawmfBuD;rsm;cifAsm; -
'DaeY[m(3)Budrfajrmuf½dk[if*smtrsKd;om;aeYvnf;jzpfwJhtwGuf?'Dr*Fvm&SdwJhaeY
jrwfrSm½dk[if*smwdkYb0at;csrf;ygap?trdjrefrmEdkifiHat;csrf;om,mygap?wdk;wufygap
vdkYqkrGefaumif;awmif;vdkufygw,f/

ed*Hk;
uREkfyfwdkY&JUnDudk½dk[if*smvlrsKd;[m jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfwpfckvHk;rSm&SdwJh
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;taygif;&JUarwåmudkcH,l&&SdygapvdkYqkrGefaumif;awmif;&if;ed*Hk;csKyf&yg
ygw,f-cifAsm;/ /

Ouú|

rsKd;om;ygwD

(3)Budrfajrmuf½dk[if*smtrsKd;om;aeYtcrf;tem;

--------------

REPRINT IN MALAYSIA 07 APRIL 2007


pmrsufESm 3 (3) Budrfajrmuf ½dk[if*smtrsdK;aeYtxk;xkwf
1991-Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf/

tydkif;(1)

½d[
k if*smvlxE
k i
S E
fh dkii
f a
H &;vrf;pOftrsKd;rsKd;
trSmpm
ESpp
f OfZefe0g&Dv(3)&ufaeY[m½dk[if*smwdkY\trsKd;om;aeYjzpfygonf/½dk[if*smwdkY
twGuf þr*Fvm&SdaomaeYxl;aeYjrwfwGifpm;a&;oltaejzifh ½dk[if*smrsm;eSifhywfouf
aomtaMumif;t&mrsm;udkþpmapmifwGiftenf;i,fazmfxkwfa&;om;cGifh&&SdonfhtwGuf
txl;yif*kPf,l0rf;ajrmuf&ygonf/
½dk[if*smwdkYonf&cdkifwdkU\trTmnDudktrSefyifjzpfonf/½dk[if*smwdkYonf&cdkifjynf
wGif&cdkifwdkYESifha½S;ya0oeDuyif aotwl½SifruGmvufwGJaexkdifvmcJhaom &cdkifjynft
wGufopöm&Sdom;aumif;rsm;jzpfygonf/
&cdkifjynfwdk;wufa&;ESifhat;csrf;om,ma&;udktrSefwu,fvdkvm;ygvQif½dk[if*sm
wdkYta&;udkarhxm;ír&onfomru?&cdkifudkcspfvQif½dk[if*smudkvnf;cspfyg?&cdkifESifh½dk[if
*smcGJjcm;jcif;rjyKyg&efpmzwfoltm;OD;pGmyefMum;tyfygonf/
ed'gef;
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDacwfBuD;üpma&;olwdkY\&cdkifjynfe,fwGif EdkifiHa&;ygwDaygif;pHk
ay:aygufvsuf½Sdaeygonf/,if;odkYaomygwDrsm;onf &cdkifjynfe,ftwGuft,l0g't
rsKd;rsKd;?EdkifiHa&;vrf;pOftrsKd;rsKd;udkuGJjym;jcm;em;pGmcsrSwfaqmif½Guf½Sdaeygonf/ygwDwpf
ckESifhwpfckwdkYonfrdrdwdkY\t,l0g'ESifhvrf;pOfrsm;udkcsrSwfaqmif½GufMu&mwGifwlnDcsuf
rsm;½SdovdkododomomxdyfwdkufqefYusifaomt,l0g'ESifhEdkifiHa&;vrf;pOfBuD;rsm;vnf;½Sd
aeMuygonf/
þpmapmifwGifxdkodkYaomuGJjym;jcm;em;csufBuD;rsm;udk pma&;oluavhvmwifjy
xm;ygonf/ygwDwpfckuwpfckudk wdkufcdkufonfhoabmr[kwfyg/t,l0g'ESifhvrf;pOf
csif;xdyfwdkufqefYusifpGm&SdaeyHkrsm;udkazmfxkwfwifjyjcif;omjzpfygonf/

tcef;(1) &cdkif-½dk[if*smta&;

&cdkifjynfta&;onft"dutm;jzifh &cdkifESifh½dk[if*smwdkY\ta&;jzpfonf?&cdkif^½dk
[if*smta&;onf&cdkifjynfe,f\ta&;wGify"gusonf?&cdkifjynfe,ftwGuf jyótm;
vHk;\0if½dk;jzpfonf?aomhcsufvnf;jzpfonf/
þ&cdkif^½dk[if*smrsm;ta&;udkudkifwG,f&mwGif&cdkifjynfe,fygwDrsm;udktkyfpk(3)pk
cGJjcm;í&ygonf/þyxrtkyfpkonf&cdkifjynfe,fwGif&cdkifwdkYudkt"duxm;aomtkyfpkjzpf
onf/yxrtkyfpkonf&cdkifudkomt"duxm;onfomrutjcm;wbufwGif ½dk[if*smwdkY
tay:pdrf;pdrf;um;um;oabmxm;Muonf/
þtkyfpkonf&cdkifESifh½dk[if*smaygif;pkzdkYpOf;pm;vQif?&cdkifwdkYudktqifhjrifh(Zmwfjrifh)
ae&mxm;vdkí½dk[if*smwdkYudktqifhedrfh(Zmwfedrfh)ty,fcHb0rsKd;jzifh ½SdaeapvdkMuonf/'k
wd,tkyfpkonf &cdkiE
f Sifh½dk[if*smaoG;pnf;a&;udkrvdkvm;yJwoD;wjcm;pDcGJjcm;xm;vdkMu
onf/½dk[if*smwdkYudk oD;oefYpkpnf;í&cdkifwdkYESifhxdyfwdkufqefYusifvdkaomrl0g'vrf;pOf

REPRINT IN MALAYSIA 07 APRIL 2007


pmrsufESm 4 (3) Budrfajrmuf ½dk[if*smtrsdK;aeYtxk;xkwf
1991-Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf/

rsm;udkcsrSwfaqmif&GufMuonf/
wwd,tkyfpkonf&cdkifESifh½dk[if*smwdkYudktrTmnDudkjzpfaMumifh,HkMunfonf?&cdkif
Esifh½dk[if*smwkdUudk wpfaoG;wpfpdwfwnf;?wpf0rf;wnf;wpfom;wnf; nDñGwfapvdk
onf/þwwd,tkyfpkonf,if;odkYaomrl0g'vrf;pOfrsm;udk csrSwfaqmif&GufMuonf/
yxrtkyfpk
þtkyfpkwGifwcsKdYaomygwDrsm;onf½dk[if*smwdkYtay:pdrf;um;Muaomfvnf;?¤if;
wdkY\½dk[if*smtay:xm;&Sdaompdrf;um;onfhoabmxm;?rl0g'wdkYudk aoaooyfoyfrsKd;
odyfxm;EdkifMuygonf/þtkyfpkxJrSwcsKdUygwDrsm;onfum; ½dk[if*smwdkYtay:rdrdwdkY\
pdrf;um;aomobmxm;ESifhrl0g'udkajymifajymifwif;wif;azmfxkwfwifjyMuonf/ Oyrm
tm;jzifh&cdkifjynfolU'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pkygwDonf (7-5-1990)aeY&ufpGJjzifh&cdkifjynf
e,frS b*FvDrsm;ESifholwdkY\ordkif;jyóem trnf&Sdpmapmifudkxkwfa0í½dk[if*smwdkYt
ay:olwdkYygwD\&efbufoabmxm;udkazmfjyMuonf/,if;odkUazmfjy&mü pmrsufESm(4)
wGifzGifhqdkonfrSmvl;rsKd;wpfrsKd;r[kwf?&cdkifedrfhcsac:a0:aompum;jzpfonf?pmrsufESm(5)
wGifppfwaumif;om;vlrsKd;onfvnf;aumif;?jrefrmEdkifiHwGif vlrsKd;tcGifhtvrf;ydwfyif
oGm;EdkifNyD;?jynfyom;rsm;jzpfoGm;Edkifonfudk awG;awmMuum?trnfopfwyfvdkMujyef
onf/ordkif;rcdkifrmaomvlrsKd;\ trnfonfpdwful;,Ofoufoufjzifhom &SdaecJhaeyg
onf/pmrsuf(9)wGifat'D(8)&mpktukefavmufwGif &cdkifuppfwaumif;onf 1128 ck
ESpfwGifx<ucJhonf/,if;udk&cdkifuoGm;a&mufESdrfESif;cJhonf/1248ckESpfwGifppfwaumif;
uwpfBudrfx<ujyefcJhonf/þwpfBudrfwGif&cdkifuavmufcsdyl&m(LauchiPura) wdkifatmif
oGm;a&mufESdrfESif;½Hkomru?uReftjzpfvlaygif;(47500)udkzrf;qD;ac:aqmifvmcJhonf/
pmrsufESm(10)wGif&cdkifjynfppfwaumif;udkb*FgvDukvm;wdkYxdyg;vmojzifh &cdkifbk&if
rif;wD;onf 1333ckESpfwGifoGm;a&mufESdrfESif;cJhonf/pmrsufESm(1)wGif&cdkifjynftaemuf
buf r,la'o(bl;oD;awmifESifharmif;awmNrdKUe,frsm;)wGif ppfwaumif;EG,fzGm;b*Fg
vDukvm;rsm;0ifa&muf tajccsaexdkifcJhonfrSm tawmfMumNyD;jzpfonf/,cktcg,if;
wdkYonfjrefrmjynftESHxdk; azmuf0ifa&mufvmum tajccsaexdkifMuNyD;jzpfonf/rMum
ao;rDu&cdkifrSb*FvDwpfpku¤if;wdkYudk-&cdkifukvm;?&cdkifb*FvD?ac:awmukvm;?b*FvDp
onfhjzifh rac:oifhaMumif; awmif;qdkvmMuonfudkawGUMu&onf/
&cdkifjynfom;½dk[if*smnDtudkrsm;tay:&cdkifjynfolY'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pkygwD\
txufygoabmxm;udk Munfhygu?&cdkifjynfwGif½dk[if*smudkvl&mroGif;vdkaom0g'?o
abmxm;ESifhqE´udkawGU&ygonf/þodkYaomoabmxm;udk pmapmifxkwfíxkwfa0jcif;
onf½dk[if*smwpfrsKd;om;vHk;twGuf*kPfodu©musqif;p&mjzpfojzifh½dk[if*smwdkYbufu
rcsdrqefYcHpm;rI;jzpf&vdrfhrnf/½dk[if*smnDtudkrsm;tay:udk,fcsif;pmemrd&mrS½dk[if*smwdkY
tay:pma&;olonf ydkíoem;Muifempdwfjzpf&ygonf/tqdkygpmapmifwGif azmfjyxm;
onfrsm;rSm ½dk[if*smwdkY\vuf&Sdb0tajcr[kwfyJ vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; 700ESifh3000
twGif;u &cdkifbk&ifwpfOD;wa,mufaqmif&GufyHkudk azmfjyxm;jcif;omjzpfonf/xdkt
csdefuwnf;u&SdcJhzl;aom&cdkifjrefrmwdkY\ tavhtusihfyHkpHwpfrsdK;omjzpfygonf/ xdkt
csdefu ppfEdkifolbk&ifonf ppf½IhH;olbufrSjynfoljynfom; rsm;ESifhoHk;yef;rsm;udk
uReftjzpfzrf;qD;íppfEdkifolbufodkYac:aqmifvmMujcif;rSmxdkt csdefuay:aygufcJhaom

REPRINT IN MALAYSIA 07 APRIL 2007


pmrsufESm 5 (3) Budrfajrmuf ½dk[if*smtrsdK;aeYtxk;xkwf
1991-Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf/

xHk;pHwpfrsKd;omjzpfygonf/xdktcsdefutdEd´,jynf **Fgta&S;buf jcrf;


(b*Fvm;jynfta&SUbufjcrf;) wpdwfwpfa'o (**Fgjrpfta&SUbufjcrf;jrpf0ydkif;)
onf&cdkifjynf\tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfcJh&mb*Fvmjynftaemufbufjcrf;udkydkif;pdk;olr*dk
bk&ifrsm;ESifhwBudrfwpfcgwGifppfrufbuffNydKifwdkufcdkufcJhMuonfvnf;&SdonfESpfbuf
bk&ifhtcsif;csif;a&Tvrf;aiGvrf;azmufí oifhwifhnDñGwfpGmESifhat;csrf;om,mpGmaygif;
oif;qufqHcJhMuonfvnf; &SdcJhygonf/bk&if;tcsif;csif; ppfrufbufNydKifwdkufcdkufMu
onfhtcg½IH;edrfholbufrS jynfolrsm;udkEdkifolbufrS uReftjzpfzrf;qD;cJhMuzl;onf/&cdkif
bk&ifbufrStEdkif&aomumvwGif½IH;olbufrSolykefrsm;udkuReftjzpf zrf;qD;vmcJhovdk
1665^66 wGif tdEd́,tifyg,mocifbk&ifatmf&ifZD(0) (Auranzeb) bufrS&cdkifbk&if
bufudk**Fgta&SUbufajray:üppfatmifEdkifaomtcg&cdkifbk&ifhwyfrawmfrS&cdkifppfonf
(2000)ESpfaxmifausmfudkuReftjzpfzrf;qD;,loGm;Muonf/ppfoHk;yef;taejzifh uRefjzpf&
onfhb0rsKd;udk&cdkifwdkYuordkif;wGifydkíBuHKawGUcJh&ygonf/,if;odkUtm;jzifhxdkacwftcg
uEdkifolbufonf½HI;olbufrSvlrsm;udkuReftjzpfzrf;,loGm;jcif;rSmvkyf½dk;vkyfpOf wpfck
omjzpfonf/,if;tcsufudk vufñdk;xdk;NyD;,aeY½dk[if *smrsm;udkpdrf;um;aejcif;rSmrdrd
wdkYnDtudkvlrsKd;tcsif;csif;pdwf0rf;uGJjym;p&momjzpfNyD;qdk; usKd;udkomjzpfay:apygrnf/
,ck&cdkifjynfe,fESifhwuG**Fgjrpfta&SUbufjcrf;onf &cdkifbk&ifwdkYydkifpdk;&m&cdkifjynft
pdwftydkif;jzpfcJhzl;&m xdkrQaomus,fjyefYaome,fajrjzpfítDpö vmrfbmom0if½dk[if*sm
wdkYonf&cdkifbk&if\ e,fajrbufwGif xdktcsdefutajrmuftrsm; &SdaeNyD;jzpfygonf/
taxmuftxm;taejzifhxdktcsdefuoHk;pGJcJhaom'*Fgrsm;wGif&cdkifbk&if wdkY\bGJUtrnfudk
azmfjyxm;&mü &cdkifbk&if\trnfESifhwGJí tDdpövmrfbGUJtrnfvnf;yg 0ifaeonfudk
awGUMu&ygrnf/þonfrSm&cdkifbk&ifonf Ak'¨bmom0ifwdkYudkomydkifpdk; onfr[kwfbJ
tDpövmrfbmom0ifrsm;udkvnf; ydkifpdk;ygonf/¤if;rSm½dk[if*smrsm;jzpfonf/xdkYaMumif;
&cdkif'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pkygwD(ppfawGA[dk)rSxkwfa0aompmapmifwGifazmfjy xm;aom
zrf;,lcJholrsm;udkxdktcsdefu&cdkifjynfBuD;wGif&SdaeNyD;jzpfaomtDpövmrfbmom 0ifrsm;ESifh
a&maaxG;í½SLjrifxm;ygonf/xdkYaaMumifh ,cktDpövmrfbmom0ifrsm;udkawGYwdkif;vuf
ñdk;xdk;NyD;xdktcsdefu&cdkifbk&ifzrf;,lcJhaomrsdK;½dk;rsm;rSaygufzGm;vmolrsm;[k pGyp
f GJae&ef
rSmrSm;,Gif;csufBuD;omjzpfEdkifygonf/
½dk[if*smrsm;tay:yxrtkyfpk\pdrf;um;aomoabmxm;udkazmfjyaejcif;ESifhyxr
tkyfpkonfrdrdwdkY\&ifxJü½dk[if*smrsm;tay:txifao;vdkjcif;?pdrf;um;vdkjcif;tp&Sdaom
qE´rsm;udkarG;xm;jcif;onf &cdkifjynfe,fudkaumif;usKd;jyKEdkifrnf[k trsdK;om;ygwDu
r,HkHMunfyg/aumif;usKd;rjyKonfhtjyif þoabmxm;onf &cdkifjynfudkqdk;usKd;jyKrnf
omru jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH\ at;csrf;om,mrIESifhwnfNidrfpGm&SdaerIudk taESmuf
t,Suft[efYtwm;BuD;omjzpfapvdrfhrnf[kpGJNrJpGm,HkMunfygonf/
'kwd,tkyfpk
þtkyfpkonf &cdkifwdkYESifh xdyfwdkufNydKifqdkifqefYusifvdkaom0g'?oabmxm;ESifh
EdkifiHa&;vrf;pOfudk csrSwfxm;Muonf/,if;odkaomygwDwpfckrSm trsKd;om;vlYtcGifht
a&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD jzpfygonf/xdkygwDrS (31-8-1990) aeY&ufpGJjzifh xkwfa0
aom &cdkifjynfESifh ½dk[if*smvlrsKd;ordkif;tusOf;csKyf trnfygpmapmif\ pmrsufESm -

REPRINT IN MALAYSIA 07 APRIL 2007


pmrsufESm 6 (3) Budrfajrmuf ½dk[if*smtrsdK;aeYtxk;xkwf
1991-Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf/

(2-5-10-14-15-16-17)ESifhed'gef;wdkYwGif&cdkifjynfonfukvm;rif;tqufquftkyfpdk;
cJhaom ukvm;jynfwpfjynfomjzpfcJhonf/&cdkifjynfonfb*Fvm;tpdwftydkif;jzpfí&cdkif
jynfe,f&Sdvlrsm;onfvnf;b*Fvm;ESifhtwlwljzpfonf/þrlqvifvlrsKd;rsm;onfjrefrm
jynf&Sdtjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifhrwlbJoD;jcm;aomvlrsKd;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf/oef;ausmf&Sdaom½dk[if
*smwdkY\udk,fBuHur®mudk,fzefwD;a&;onf ½dk[if*smwpfrsKd;om;vHk;\ wm0efjzpfonfp
onfjzihfazmfjyxm;onf/
txufyg'kwd,tkyfpk\oabm;xm;ESifh,OfwGJí (3-&-1990)aeYxkwfvkyfom;
jynfolYaeYpOfowif;pmü aqmif;yg;wpfckudk zwfvdkuf&ygonf/xdkaeYpOfowif;pmwGif
aqmif;yg;&SifOD;jr0if;qdkoluarmif;awmNrdKYe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;r[kwfolEdkifiHjcm;om;
b*Fvm;a'h&SfvlrsKd; 92% ESifhbl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif wdkif;&if;om;r[kwfol
EdkifijH cm; om;b*Fvm;a'h&SfvlrsKd; 82% aexdkifvQuf&SdaeaMumif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/
xdkYtwltBudrf (100) ajrmufowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJtaMumif;udk (14-&-1990)
aeYxkwfa0aom vkyfom;jynfolaeYpOfowif;pmwGif azmfjy&mü?EdkifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rI
wnfaqmufa&;tzGJUtwGif;a&;rSL;(1) AdkvfcsKyfcifñGefYutcsKdUaomEdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJUt
pnf;rsm;onf w&m;0iftodtrSwfrjyKonfhvlrsKd;rsm;udk wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;jzpf
onf[kawmif;qdkvmjcif;udkvnf;awGU&onf[kxnfhoGif;rdefYMum;oGm;ygonf/
jynfaxmifjrefrmEdkifiHwGifwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;(135)rsKd;&SdaMumif;tpdk;&jyefwrf;wGif
azmfjyxm;&mü½dk[if*smvlrsKd;onftqdkygtrnfpm&if;wGifyg&SdonfudkawGU&ygonf/
&cdkifjynfolY'Drdkua&pDwyfaygif;pkygwD\ azmfjycsuf? vkyfom;jynfolYaeYpOfo
wif;pm(3-&-1990)\ OD;jr0if;owif;aqmif;yg;ESifh AdkvfcsKyfcifñGefY\ tBudrf(100)
ajrmufowif;pm&Sifvif;yGJwdkYudkqufpyfMunfhygutrsKd;om;vlYtcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpf
ygwD\½dk[if*smvlrsKd;rsm;tay:oabxm;ESifholwdkY\EdkifiHa&;vrf;pOfrSm ½dk[if*smvlxk
tay:txiftjrifvGJp&mjzpfoGm;&mrS ½dk[if*smvlxkBuD;tay:tEÅ&m,fusa&mufatmif
zef;wD;&m a&mufaeygonf/oef;ausmfta&twGuf&Sdaom ½dk[if*smrsm;udk,fBuHur®m
udk,fzef;wD;a&;twGufBudK;yef;&ef ½dk[if*smwpfrsKd;om;vHk;\wm0efjzpfonfponfhjzifh
azmfjyaejcif;rSm½dk[if*smvlxkudkEdkifiHawmfESifhxdyfwdkufqefYusifaomvrf;ay:wifay;xm;
vdkufjcif;vnf;jzpfaeygonf/½dk[if*smtrsm;pkaexdkifonfhaepyfa'orsm;wGif þodkvSHKU
aqmfa&;om;csufonf jrefrmjynfom;tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh ½dk[if*smwdkYonfpdrf;pdr;f um;
um;pdwf0rf;uGJoGm;&mrS vlxktay:tEÅ,frD;0dkifvnfonfh b0rsKd;odkYa&mufoGm;ap&ef
zef;wD;aeovdkjzpfaeygonf/½dk[if*smvlxkBuD;udkacwfESifhqefYusifbufvrf;aMumif;ay:
odkYwifay;xm;NyD; tjcm;wpfbufwGif&cdkifAk'¨bmomwdkYESifhqefYusifbufvrf;aMumif;
ay:wifay;xm;onfudk awGU&ygonf/
trsKd;om;vlYtcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwD\ azmfjyyguJhodkaomrl0g'ESifhEdkifiHa&;
vrf;pOfBuD;onf,if;odkYtm;jzifh&cdkifjynf(odkY)jynfaxmifpkudkqdk;usKd;ay;oGm;&eftvm;t
vm&Sdaeygonf/
wwd,tkyfpk
þwd,tkyfpk\ rl0g'vrf;pOfrsm;onf azmfjycJhonfhyxrtkyfpkESifh aomfvnf;
aumif?'kwd,tkyfpkESifhaomfvnf;aumif; ajzmifhajzmifhBuD;qefYusifaeygonf/þwwd,

REPRINT IN MALAYSIA 07 APRIL 2007


pmrsufESm 7 (3) Budrfajrmuf ½dk[if*smtrsdK;aeYtxk;xkwf
1991-Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf/

tkyfpkonf½dk[if*smtygt0if&cdkifjynf&Sd vlrsKd;EG,fpktm;vHk;udkrnfonfhtajctaewGifr
qdkcGJjcm;ír&Edkifaom rdom;pkvlrsKd;rsm;tjzpf,HkMunfvufcHxm;ygonf/&cdkif^½dk[if*sm
wdkYudkrlvtm;jzifh tm&d,efrsKd;½dk;wpfckwnf;rS qif;oufvmaomtrTmnDtudkvlrsKd;jzpf
onf[k ordkif;taxmuftxm;t&cH,lxm;onf/þESpfrsKd;onfvGefcJhaomESpfaygif;oHk;
axmif (3000) ausmfuyifa&udkjcm;íMumrxifovdkat;csrf;om,mpGmvufwGJí?wpf
ajrwnf;ae?wpfa&wnf;aomuftwlwuGaexdkifvmolnDtudkrsm;omjzpfonf[kordkif;
t&,HkMunfxm;onf/½dk[if*smwdkYrSm&cdkifjynfom;ppfppfjzpfí ¤if;wdkYonfjynfaxmifpk
BuD;twGufjrefrmvlrsKd;jzpfonf?jynfaxmifpkBuD;\ rdom;pkt&if;tcsmjzpfonf[krsKd;½dk;
tm;jzifhwwd,tkyfpku tjrif&SdaeMuygonf/jynfaxmifpkom;tm;vHk;\ arwåmudk&,l
a&;om ½dk[if*smwdkY\ yef;wdkifjzpfygonf/
þwwd,tkyfpk\ oabmxm;rSm&cdkifESifh½dk[if*smwdkYonf aowl&SifruGmaeMu
rnf?½dk[if*smwdkYudkowfvQif&cdkifudkvnf;owfyg?&cdkifudkcspfvQif½dk[if*smudkvnf;cspfyg?
&cdkifwdkYtay:½dk[if*smrsm;bufutepfemcHyg?½dk[if*smrsm;tay:&cdkifwdkYbufutepfem
cHyg?onf;cHyg/EdkifiHawmftpdk;&tqufqufonfum; nDudk&cdkif^½kd[if*smwdkYudk OruGJ
odkufrysufatmifapmifha&SmufumuG,fcJhonf?&cdkif^½dk[if*smwdkYonfpdwf0rf;uGJjym;rIvHk;0
r&SdcJhaomb0wlrsm;om jzpfMuygonf/þurÇmwnfNrJoa&G; &cdi
k fESifh½dk[if*smwdkYonf
ausmcsif;uyf?&ifcsif;xyfí&SdaeMurnf[kwwdd,tkyfpkupdwfcs,HkMunf&mrSþtwdkif;yif
rl0g'ESifhvrf;;pOfrsm;csrSwfxm;&Sdygonf/
,if;odkYtm;jzifhtrdajrzGm;½dk[if*smrsm;onf &cdkifrdom;pkxJwGifab;roD&efrcbJ
at;csrf;om,mMuygapvdkYþtrsKd;om;aeYwGifqkrGefaumif;awmif;vdkuf&ygonf/

Ouú|
trsKd;om;ygwD

--------------

REPRINT IN MALAYSIA 07 APRIL 2007


pmrsufESm 8 (3) Budrfajrmuf ½dk[if*smtrsdK;aeYtxk;xkwf
1991-Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf/

tydkif;(2)

EdkifiHa&;&nfrSef;csufBuD;rsm;

(31-8-1990)aeYxkwf&cdkifjynfESifh½dk[if*smordkif;tusOf;csKyftrnfjzifhtrsKd;om;
vlYtcGifht&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDuxkwfa0aompmapmifwGifxdkygwD\vrf;pOfESifhrl0g'o
abmxm;udkazmfjyxm;ygonf/
xdkpmapmif\pmrsufESm(2)wGif&cdkifjynfonfyxrESpfwpfaxmiftwGif;ukvm;rif;
tqufquftkyfcsKyfcJhonfh ukvm;jynfwpfjynfomjzpfcJhonf [kazmfjyxm;ygonf/
pmrsufESm(6)wGif&cdkifjynfonfb*Fvm;jynf\tpdwftydkif;wpfckjzpfí&cdkifjynf&Sd
vlrsKd;rsm;onfvnf;b*Fvm;ESifhtwlwljzpfonf[kazmfjyxm;ygonf/
pmrsufESm(16)wGif½dk[if*smwkdYonf rlvtif'dktm&d,ef?tm&yf?r*dk?yxef?b*FvDp
onfhvlrsKd;rsm;onf&cdkifjynfwGif;üa&maESmaexdkif&mrSay:aygufvmjcif;jzpfonf/pmrsuf
ESm(14)wGifþrlqvif(r)½dk[if*smrsm;onfurÇmay:&Sdtjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifhrwl?jrefrmjynf
&Sdtjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifhvnf;rwlbJoD;jcm;aomvlrsKd;jzpfonf[kazmfjyygonf/
(rSwfcsuf/ /r*dk?yxef?b*FvD?tm&yf?ponfhvlrsKd;rsm;onfEdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;om)
pmrsufESm(10)wGif1660cefYur*dkrif;om;&Sm*sm&cdkifjynfodkYcdkvHkvmNyD;?&cdkifrif;ESifh
aemufydkif;jyóemjzpfay:cJh&m?a'ocHrlqvif(r)(½dk[if*sm)rsm;u____&S*smrif;om;
tm;ay;ulnDí&cdkifxD;eef;udkodrf;,l&efESpfBudrfwdkifwdkifBudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJhonf[kazmfjy
xm;ygonf/&S*smrif;om;udktm;ay;cJhol a'ocHrlqvif(r)(½dk[if*sm)rsm;udkESdyfuGyfrIt
qufrjywfjzpfay:cJhonf[kqufvufazmfjyxm;onf/
pmrsufESm(17)wGifAGDzdk(p)(V-Force)ac:½dk[if*smt&Hwyfrsm;uNAdwdoQyHkrSefppfwyf
xufydkíxuf<upGm pGefYpm;wdkufcdkufcJhaMumif;[k ½dk[if*smwdkY\ppfa&;pGrf;&nfudkazmfjy
xm;onf/
pmrsuf(18)wGifvGwfvyfa&;&,lpOfu ½dk[if*smrsm;tm;EdkifiHa&;?pD;yGm;a&;?vlrI
a&;ponfhwdkYwGif vspfvQL½SLxm;aMumif;awGUjrif&í rl*sm[pftrnfjzifhySefuefx<urI
rSm- Auy?u&ifwdkYESifhra&S;raESmif;rSmyifay:aygufcJhygonf/
ed'gef;ydkif;wGif,aeYoef;ausmf&Sdaom½dk[if*smtrsKd;om;rsm;udk,fBuHur®mudk,fzef;
wD;cGifh&&Sda&;twGufBudK;yef;aqmif½Guf&ef½dk[if*smtrsKd;om;w&yfvHk;wGifwm0ef&Sdonf/
tjcm;wpfbufwGif&cdkifygwDtkyfpkwpfckrS&cdkifjynfolY'Drdku&ufwpfwyfaygif;pkyg
wD(ppfawGA[dk)\(&-5-19900)aeY&ufpGJjzifh“&cdkifjynfe,frSb*FgvDrsm;ESifh¤if;wdkY\o
rdkif;jyóem”trnf&SdpmapmifwGif ppfwaumif;om;vlrsKd;onfvnf;aumif; jrefrmEdkifiH
wGifvlrsKd;tcGifhtvrf;ydwfyifoGm;EdkifNyD;?jynfyom;rsm;jzpfoGmEdkifonfudkawGYawmMuum
trnftopfwyfvdkMujyefonf[kazmfjyxm;ygonf/þpmapmif\oabmxm;rSm ½dk[if
*smwdkYudkjynfyom;rsm;jzpfoGm;apvdkaMumif;ay:vGifaeygonf/

REPRINT IN MALAYSIA 07 APRIL 2007


pmrsufESm 9 (3) Budrfajrmuf ½dk[if*smtrsdK;aeYtxk;xkwf
1991-Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf/

EdkifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzJGY\oabmxm;

tBudrf(100)ajrmufowif;pm&Sif;vif;yGJwGif(e-0-w)tzGJYtwGif;a&;rSL;(1)Adkvf
csKyfcifñGefY\rdefYMum;csuf/ /wcsKdYaomEdkifiHa&;ygwDtzJGYtpnf;rsm;onfw&m;0ift
odtrSwfrjyKonfhvlrsKd;rsm;udk wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf[k awmif;qdkvmjcif;
udkvnf;awGY&aMumif;?aomif;usefolrsm;taejzifhppfa&;t&taumiftxnfazmfEdkifaom
&nfrSefcsufudkolwyg;uEdkifiH a&;enf;jzifh&,lay;onfhoabmjzpfaeygu EdkifiHtwGuf
tvGefyifxdcdkufESpfemrnfjzpfaMumif;AdkvfcsKyfrS twdtvif;azmfjyxm;ygonf/jynfe,f
rsm;wGif vlrsKd;tcsif;csif;roifhjrwfonfhjyóemrsm;&SdaMumif;?rdrdwdkYonf olwyg;e,f
ajrwpfvufrudkrQ tydkr&,lvdkaMumif;?rdrdwdkYe,fajrudkvnf; tavsmhrcHEdkifaMumif;/
(14-7-1990aeYvkyfom;jynfolYaeYpOfowif;pm)(3-&-1990)aeYvkyfom;jynfolYaeYpOf
owif;pmwGif aqmif;yg;&SifOD;jr0if;uarmif;awmNrdKYe,fwGif wkdif;&if;om;r[kwfaom
oltrsm;pktjzpf (92)&mcdkifEIef;?bl;oD;awmifNrdKUe,fwGif wdkif;&if;r[kwfaomtjcm;vl
rsKd;rsm;u(81)&mcdkifEIef;&SdaeMuygonf/xdkNrdKYe,frsm;udkrl-&cdkifjynfe,frScJGxGuf&rnfqdk
ygurnfonfhjynfe,f[k owfrSwfMurnfenf;[kazmfjyNyD; Z,m;xJwGifarmif;awmt
rsm;qHk;aexdkifonfh vlrsKd;tpki,f&mcdkifEIef;EdkifiHjcm;om; (93)&mcdkifEIef;?b*Fvm;a'h&Sf
(92)&mcdkifEIef;?bl;oD;awmifEdkifiHjcm;om; (83)&mcdkifEIef;?b*Fvm;a'h&Sf (83)&mcdkifEIef;[k
azmfjycsuf &Sdaeygonf/
txufygwdkYudkMunfhyguvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(4)ae&m&xm;aomtrsKd;om;
vlYtcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDonf½dk[if*smvlxkBuD;udkEdkifiHawmfESifhxdyfwdkufqefYusif
aomEdkifiHa&;vrf;aMumif;ay:odkY wifay;xm;aMumif;awGYjrif&ygonf/&cdkifrdompkvlrsKd;
xJrS½dk[if*smvlxkudk pdwf"gwfa&;&mtm;jzifhoD;oefYcJGxkwfaomtaetxm;jzifh&cdkifESifh
EkdifiHa&;t&&ifqdkifxm;aMumif;awGYjrif&ygonf/,aeYoef;ausmf&Sdaom ½dk[if*smtrsKd;
om;rsm;udk,fBuHur®mudk,fzefwD;cGifh&&Sda&;twGuf BudK;yef;aqmif&GufMu&ef½dk[if*smt
rsKd;om;wpf&yfvHk;wGifwm0ef&Sdonf[k trsKd;om;vlYtcGifhta&;'Drdku&ufwpfygwDrSazmf
jyjcif;jzifh xdkygwD\aemufodkY½dk[if*smwpfrsKd;om;vHk;vdkufjcif; r[kwfyg/xdkygwDrSm
armif;awmNrdKUESifh bl;oD;awmifNrdKYe,frS vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(4)ae&mwGiftEdkif&&Sd
xm; ygonf/odkUaomf(4)ae&mvHk;onfqE´rJay;Muol\50%ausmf&&SdcJhjcif;r[kwfyg/
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDtaxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJwGifvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f(4)ae&mwGif tEdkif&
&Sdxm;jcif;aMumifhEdkifiHtaejzifh ½dk[if*smvlxktay:txifvGJrSm;p&mjzpfcJhaomfvnf;t
xufygtcsufrsm;udkwGufcsufMunfhygu ½dk[if*smvlxktrsm;pkonfxdkygwD\EdkifiHa&;
vrf;aMumif;twdkif;vdkufygvdkjcif;r&SdonfrSm xif&Sm;ygaMumif;/

REPRINT IN MALAYSIA 07 APRIL 2007


pmrsufESm 10 (3) Budrfajrmuf ½dk[if*smtrsdK;aeYtxk;xkwf
1991-Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf/

trsKd;om;ygwD\rl0g'ESifhEdkii
f a
H &;vrf;&nfre
S ;f csuf

trsKd;om;ygwD\ rl0g'ESifhEdkifiHa&;vrf;&nfrSef;csufrSm&cdkifjynfe,fonf jynf


axmifpktzGJY0if Edkii
f Ha&;t&vGwfvyfaomjynfe,f ay:aygufvma&;jzpfonf/,if;odkY
vdkvm;&jcif;rSmjynfaxmifpkom;tjcm;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifhpdwf0rf;uGJjym;vdkívHk;0(vHk;0)r[kwf
yg/vuf&Sd&cdkifjynfe,fonfacwfrDodyÜHynmESifhacwfrDenf;ynmqdkonfudk pmxJrSmyifr
awGYjrifzl;aomjynfe,fwpfckjzpfaeygonf/,if;tjyif acwfrDodyÜHynmESifhacwfrDenf;y
nmudkvnf;toHk;rjyKEdkifao;aomb0rsKd;wGif&Sdaeygonf/todtjrifydkif;rSmvnf;rdrdwdkY
\udk;uG,f&mbmoma&;qdkif&mtodtjrifwpfckuvGJí tjcm;todtjrifwGiftarSmifus
aeaomb0rsKd;wGif&Sdaeygonf/,if;odkYtm;jzifh vlaerItqifhtwef;tvGeftrif;edrfhus
aomjynfe,fwpfckjzpfaeygonf/o,HZmway:<u,f0rIudk jynfoljynfom;wdkYcHpm;
pHpm;Muap&effacwfrDodyÜHynmESifhacwfrDenf;ynmrsm;udkydkifqdkifpGmtoHk;csEdkifaom tae
txm;odkY&cdkifjynfa&muf&SdoGm;zdkYrSmvufiif;vdktyfcsufBuD;jzpfaeygonf/þvdktyfcsuf
BuD;twGuf jynfe,fEdkifiHa&;yg wDwpfckESifh jynfe,ftrsKd;om;acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;
tqufqufay:ayguf&efvdktyfygonf/xdkrSwqifhjynfe,ftpdk;&ESifhjynfe,fftpdk;&
,EÅ&m;BuD;wpfck vdktyfygonf/jynfe,ftpdk;&onf 'Drdkua&pDusifhxHk;rsm;ESifh tnD
tajymif;tvJ½Sdrnfjzpfaomfvnf;tvGef uspfvpfcdkifrmaom rdrdvkyfief;qdkif&m&nf;
rSef;csufrsm;udkxdxda&mufa&muftaumif;t xnfaz:EdkifonfhpGrf;&nfESifh jynfh0aom
omrefEdkifiHom;rsm;xufydkíodu©m? omrm"d½Sdaom? ajzmifhrwfaom? vm'fpm;rIbuf
vkdufrIa&omcdkrIvHk;0r½Sdaom rsKd;cspfpdwf½Sdaomtpdk;&,EÅ&m;BuD;wpfckudk &cdkifjynf
twGuftxl;vdktyfvsuf½Sdygonf/oYdkrSom&cdkif jynfe,f\o,HZmwayg <u,f0rI\
tusKd;udkcHpm;&NyD; &cdkifjynfe,f\obm0tvS tyudktaumiftxnfaz:Edkifrnf[k
trsKdd;om;ygwDu ,HkMunfygonf/þvdktyfcsuf twGufomjynfaxmifpktzGJY0ifvGwf
vyfaom&cdkifjynfe,fay:aygufa&;udktrsKd;omygwD uvdkvm;jcif; jzpfygonf/
txufygtrsKd;om;ygwD\EdkifiHa&;&nfrSef;csufudktaumiftxnfaz:&mwGif&cdkif
jynfrStrTmnDudkjzpfaom &cdkifESifh½dk[if*smwdkY\wcJeufaoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;rSmr½Sdrjzpf
aomtajccHvdktyfcsufjzpfaeygonf/xdkaMumifh &cdkifESifh½dk[if*smaoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;udk
trsKd;om;ygwDur&raewnfaqmuf&ygonf/

REPRINT IN MALAYSIA 07 APRIL 2007


pmrsufESm 11 (3) Budrfajrmuf ½dk[if*smtrsdK;aeYtxk;xkwf
1991-Zefe0g&Dv (3)&uf/

EdkifiHa&;qdkif&m½dk[if*smwdkY\b0&nfrSef;csuf

½dk[if*smrsm;twGufb0&nfrSef;csufrSm- ½dk[if*smwdkY\b0onf&cdkifwdkY\b0
jzpfonf/&cdkifESifh½dk[if*smonfb0csif;xyfwljzpfonf/aowl½SifruGmjzpfonf/½dk[if*sm
wdkYonf&cdkifwdkY\trTmnDudkjzpfíjynfaxmifpkudk aomfvnf;aumif;?rdrdwdkY\&cdkifjynf
e,fudkaomfvnf;aumif;jynfy&efrS umuG,f&efjzpfonf/jynfaxmifpkom;jrefrmvlrsKd;
jzpfonf[kyHkaocH,lonf/tu,f½dk[if*smwkdYudk rsdK;½dkwlr[kwf[ktxifvGJolwdkYuowf
jzwfvQifvnf;trdajrudkcJGcGm&onfxuf xdkodkYjyKvkyfol\"g;atmufwGifaoyGJ0ifoGm;
&efygtoifh½Sdaeygrnf/xdkodkYjyKvkyfolrsm;udk*vJhpm;racsvdkonfhtjyif xdkolwdkYi&Jrvm;
&atmif arwÅmydkYícGifhvGwfumaoyGJ0if&efomjzpfygonf/ þoabmxm;rsdK;udkom
trsdK;omygwDucsrSwfxm;ygonf/½dk[if*smwdkY\ qE´rSmtrdajrudkrcGJvdkaomqE´ESifh
trdajr\om;aumif;^orD;aumif;rsm;tjzpfukdcH,l&eftwGufomjzpfygonf/ þonf
rSmtrsKd;a&;&nfrSef;csufjzpf&rnf[k cH,lygonf/½dk[if*smwdkYudk oD;oefYz,fxkwfírlq
vifudk,fydkife,fajrxlaxmifa&;rSm EdkifiHawmfudkopömazmufonfhvrf;pOf\ yxrt
qifhjzpfonf[ktrsdK; om;ygwDu,HkMunfygonf/
xdkYaMumifhtrsdK;om;vlYtcGifhta&;ygwD\EdkifiHa&;vrf;pOfESifhtrsdK;om;ygwD\Edkif
iHa&;vrf;pOfrSmþodkYtm;jzifhajzmifhajzmifhBuD;qefYusifuGJvGJaeaMumif;jynfolodkYwifjytyf
ygonf/

uif;vGwfcGifhtrSw-
f e^o -006
xkwa
f 0ol - Adkvr
f SL;xGef;ausmfOD; (tNidrf;pm;)

rSwc
f suf/ / trsdK;om;ygwD0ifrsm;twGuo
f m/

REPRINT IN MALAYSIA 07 APRIL 2007

You might also like