東台灣海峽中華白海豚的重要棲息環境*

東台灣海峽中華白海豚的重要棲息環境
社團法人台灣蠻野心足生態協會

*本報告之文字與圖片授予媽祖魚保育聯盟成員（台灣生態學會、台灣永續聯盟、台灣環保聯盟、
台灣蠻野心足生態協會、雲林縣野鳥學會、彰化海岸保育聯盟及福爾摩莎鯨保育研究小組）及其成
員無限之使用權，他人使用需註明著作人。

本計畫書係媽祖魚保育聯盟針對台灣獨特且瀕臨絕種的中華白海豚 (Sousa
chinensis)族群所研擬之重要棲息環境計畫書，引據六年的科學研究成果與 2004
年、2007 年兩屆「東台灣海峽中華白海豚 Sousa chinensis 國際保育研究工作會議1」
的結論建議。許多國內外的參與者，包含鯨類和其他領域的科學家、官方代表、
企業代表、非政府組織和社會大眾均投入工作會議，這些與會人士的努力使中華
白海豚的存續又跨出一步。
恰逢台灣主辦與此議題相關的「第九屆亞太經濟合作組織（APEC）企業／私
人部門參與海洋環境永續性圓桌會議」前夕，為了提供資料給關心中華白海豚的
各界人士，本報告以中英文雙語撰寫。媽祖魚保育聯盟之用心應當受到肯定，本
人以國際社群成員之身分期許台灣其他組織與政府部門在保育中華白海豚及台灣
生物多樣性的進程中，能夠以該聯盟為表率，朝向更加全面且公開之方向努力。

敬上
2008.9.12

陳昭倫博士
東台灣海峽中華白海豚技術顧問工作小組
台灣‧中央研究院
生物多樣性研究中心
副研究員
珊瑚礁演化生態暨遺傳實驗室

1
第一屆與第二屆東台灣海峽中華白海豚 Sousa chinensis 國際工作會議﹝保育建議請見 Wang, J.Y.,
Yang, S.-C. and Reeves, R. R. (編輯)。2007。東台灣海峽中華白海豚保育行動綱領。國立海洋生物博
物館，台灣屏東縣。4 頁英文與 4 頁中文。﹞
1
 Proposal for Major Wildlife Habitat of the Eastern Taiwan Strait
Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins*
Wild at Heart Legal Defense Association, Taiwan
* The copyright for this document belongs to Matsu’s Fish Conservation Union (including Taiwan Academy of
Ecology, Taiwan Sustainable Union, Taiwan Environmental Protection Union, Wild at Heart Legal Defense
Association, Wild Bird Society of Yunlin, Changhua Coast Conservation Action and FormosaCetus Research and
Conservation Group), any citation or other reference to this document should clearly acknowledge the author.

Preface
This proposal by Matsu’s Fish Conservation Union concerns the main distribution and
important habitat of Taiwan’s distinct and critically endangered population Indo-Pacific
humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis). It follows six years of dedicated scientific study of the
population and the recommendations of two workshops in 2004 and 20071, which involved
input by the local and international community including cetacean and other scientists,
government officials, industry representative, non-governmental organizations and members of
the public. It takes the scoping efforts of stakeholders one step further in the urgent process of
trying to ensure that this distinct population of dolphins survives into the coming decades.
In order to ensure that this information is accessible to a wider range of stakeholders, and
coincidentally on the eve of Taiwan’s hosting of an international conference pertinent to this
issue - the 9th APEC Roundtable Meeting on the Involvement of the Business/Private Sector in
the Sustainability of the Marine Environment - the Matsu’s Fish Conservation Union has
prepared their proposal in both the Chinese and English languages. They are to be commended
for this effort, and as a member of the international community, I hope that other Taiwanese
organizations and government agencies will follow suit in making the process of protecting
humpback dolphins and indeed all of Taiwan’s biodiversity as transparent and inclusive as
possible.

Yours Sincerely

Sep. 12th, 2008

Allen C. Chen, PhD
Eastern Taiwan Strait Sousa Technical Advisory Working Group （ETSSTAWG）
Associate Research Fellow
Coral Reef Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics Laboratory
Biodiversity Research Centre
Academia Sinica, Taiwan

1
The First and Second International Workshops on Conservation and Research Needs of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins,
Sousa chinensis, in the waters of Taiwan. (For recommendations see Wang, J.Y., Yang, S.-C. and Reeves, R.R. (editors).
2007. Conservation Action Plan for the Eastern Taiwan Strait Population of Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins. National
Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung County, Taiwan. 4pp. (English)+ 4 pp. (Chinese).)
2
摘要 Summary

2008 年 8 月 29 日，針對被列入 IUCN 保育紅皮書「極危」等級的東台灣海

峽中華白海豚 (Sousa chinensis)，林務局召開「保護台灣中華白海豚族群行動」部
會協商會議，目的在討論其保育策略。該會議的結論之一為，參與者應在會議後
兩週內提供東台灣海峽中華白海豚 (Sousa chinensis)重要棲息環境等相關資料，以
便評估正式劃設東台灣海峽中華白海豚「野生動物重要棲息環境」之可行性。本
報告概括現有關於東台灣海峽中華白海豚分布範圍之科學研究和分布範圍內相對
重要的地點。本報告認定東台灣海峽中華白海豚重要棲息環境的緯度為 N24°45'
（新竹縣）至 N23°20'（嘉義縣）
，經度為西部海岸線至離海岸線 3 公里處或至 30
公尺等深線處，取離海岸線之較遠者。如難以確認 30 公尺等深線或有爭議，則應
以離岸 5 公里來劃設。此外，重要棲息環境內的所有區域都應以最高等級之重要
性平等看待；且重要棲息環境之界線應隨白海豚分布調查資料之更新而調整。

On 29 August 2008, the Council of Agriculture convened the “Inter-departmental

consultative conference on action to protect Taiwan’s Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin
population” to discuss conservation of the eastern Taiwan Strait population of
Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) or “ETS humpback dolphins”, listed
as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List. One of the conclusions of the meeting
was that participants should, within two weeks of the meeting, provide information
relating to the important habitat of the ETS humpback dolphins in order to facilitate an
assessment of the feasibility of designating the “Major Wildlife Habitat” of the
population. This report summarizes currently available scientific evidence concerning
the distribution of this dolphin population and the relative importance of various places
within their area of distribution. The important habitat of the population is identified as
extending from N24°45' (Hsinchu County) to N23°10' (Tainan County) and from the
shore to 3 km from the shore or to the 30 m isobath (whichever is further from shore).
In the event of difficulty or disagreement in identifying the location of the 30m isobath,
a conservative offshore distance of 5 km should be applied. In addition, the
recommendations are made that all areas within this range should be treated with the
utmost and equal importance, and that the boundaries of any demarcated habitat should
be open to alteration if and when humpback dolphins are confirmed to swim in other
areas.

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目次 Contents

序 Preface

摘要 Summary

一、沿岸距離 Distance along the shore

1.1 科學調查結果 Scientific survey results ........................................................... 5

1.2 其他經過確認之目擊紀錄 Other confirmed sightings ................................... 5

1.3 擱淺紀錄和潛在棲地評估
Stranding records and additional estimates based on suitable habitat............ 6

1.4 結論 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 6

二、離岸距離（
離岸距離（離岸分布）
離岸分布）Distance from the shore (offshore distribution)

2.1 水深因素 Water depth factor ........................................................................... 8

2.2 距離因素 Distance factor .............................................................................. 10

2.3 結論 Conclusion ............................................................................................. 10

三、具特殊重要性的棲地範圍 Areas of particular importance...................12

四、參考文獻 References .................................................................................13

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 沿岸距離 Distance along the shore
一、沿岸距離

1.1 科學調查結果 Scientific survey results

科學調查證實，台灣西部水域的白海豚主要出沒在苗栗縣 (Wang 等人, 2004;
Wang 等人, 2007a; Wang 等人, 2007b; Chou, 2006)、台中縣 (Wang 等人, 2004; Chou,
2006)、彰化縣 (Wang 等人, 2004; Chou, 2006; Wang 等人, 2007b)、雲林縣 (Wang
and Yang, 2007b; Wang 等人, 2007b)和嘉義縣 (Wang and Yang, 2007b; Chou, 2006)
沿海水域及河口。最北目擊紀錄為位於苗栗縣與新竹縣交界、中港溪河口的龍鳳
漁港 (Chou, 2006)和苗栗縣通宵溪口 (Wang and Yang, 2007b; Wang 等人, 2007b)，
最南目擊紀錄則在雲林縣台西鄉 (Wang 等人, 2007b)及嘉義縣布袋鎮附近 (Chou,
2006)。綜合上述目擊紀錄可以確定，白海豚的活動範圍包含苗栗縣和嘉義縣，以
及兩縣之間各沿海縣市的近岸海域。

Scientific surveys of Indo-pacific humpback dolphins in the waters of western

Taiwan confirm that they swim mainly in the coastal waters and estuaries of Miaoli
County (Wang et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2007a; Wang et al., 2007b; Chou, 2006),
Taichung (Wang et al., 2004, Chou, 2006) , Changhua County (Wang et al., 2004; Chou,
2006; Wang et al., 2007b), Yunlin County (Wang and Yang, 2007b; Wang et al., 2007b)
and Chiayi County (Wang and Yang., 2007b; Chou, 2006). The most northerly sightings
from scientific surveys were at Longfung Harbour [= Longfung Fishing Port] in the
Jhonggang River estuary on the Miaoli-Hsin-chu County Line (Chou, 2006) and at the
Tongshiao River Estuary in Miaoli County (Wang and Yang, 2007b; Wang et al., 2007b).
The most southerly recorded sightings from scientific surveys were near Taisi in Yunlin
County (Wang et al., 2007b) and Budai in Chiayi County (Chou, 2006). Together, these
sightings confirm that humpback dolphins swim in the waters of every coastal county
between and including Miaoli County and Chiayi County.

1.2 其他經過確認之目擊紀錄 Other confirmed sightings

此外，2005 年 10 月台南縣將軍漁港附近曾有 20 隻白海豚的有經確認的目擊
紀錄，為此海域首份目擊紀錄(Wang 等人, 2007)。Wang 等人 (2007b)認為此海域
目擊率偏低可能和白海豚密度及數量較少且調查強度不足。
2005 年 7 月台東縣富岡曾有一次目擊紀錄 (Wang 等人, 2007b; Wang, 2005)，
然而此次目擊應為「生病、瀕死或遊蕩的個體」 ，台東縣水域並非東台灣海峽中華
白海豚的活動範圍 (Wang 等人, 2007b, 163)。

In addition, in October 2005 a group of 20 humpback dolphins was confirmed as

having been seen near Jiang-Jyun Port in Tainan County (Wang et al., 2007). With this
being the first reported sighting in the area, it is believed that a low density and
abundance of humpback dolphins in those waters and inadequate survey effort may
explain the lack of sightings (Wang et al., 2007b).

5
 One humpback dolphin was sighted swimming near Fugang, Taidong County in
July 2005 (Wang et al., 2007b; Wang, 2005). However, the Fugang sighting is believed
to represent a “sick, dying or vagrant individual”, and the waters of Taidong County are
currently not considered to belong to the ETS humpback dolphin range (Wang et al.,
2007b, 163).

1.3 擱淺紀錄和潛在棲地評估
Stranding records and additional estimates based on suitable habitat
2000 年 5 月和 8 月在苗栗縣與桃園縣分別發現白海豚擱淺事件 (Wang et al
2004)，另一起擱淺事件則是 2005 年 4 月發生在台南縣七股鄉 (Wang 2005)。依據
中華白海豚棲地選擇的現有資料，包括對河口、特定水深及海床底質之選擇來推
斷 (Wang and Yang 2007b)：雖然桃園縣和台南縣七股未包含在目前被認定的白海
豚主要分布範圍內，卻可能和台北縣與新竹縣的水域一樣，都是白海豚的潛在棲
地 (Wang 等人, 2007b; Wang and Yang 2007a)。

Single stranded Indo-pacific humpback dolphins were discovered in Miaoli County

in August 2000 and Taoyuan County in May 2000 (Wang et al., 2004) and another
stranding was recorded at Cigu in Tainan County in April 2005 (Wang, 2005). Although
neither the waters as far north as Taoyuan County nor as far south as Cigu in Tainan
County have been identified as being included in the population’s main range, the
possibility that humpback dolphins swim in these waters, as well as the waters of Taipei
County and Hsinchu County, has been proposed (Wang et al., 2007b; Wang and Yang,
2007a). This is partly based on current knowledge of the habitat preference of
humpback dolphins, including preference for river estuaries and particular water depths
and seabed substrates (Wang and Yang, 2007b).

1.4 結論 Conclusion
考量中華白海豚的確定分布範圍 (Wang 等人, 2007b)及經過確認之目擊紀錄
可得出，東台灣海峽中華白海豚之主要分布範圍為北起苗栗、新竹縣界的中港溪
口，往南至台南縣將軍漁港，地理座標為 N24º45'（新竹縣，龍鳳漁港北方）至
N23º10'（台南縣，將軍漁港南方），直線距離約 195 公里（海岸線實際距離超過
195 公里） （見圖一）
。

Taking into account the full confirmed distribution (Wang et al., 2007b) and all
confirmed sightings, the population’s main distribution encompasses the stretch of
coastal waters from the Jhonggang River Estuary (Miaoli-Hsinchu County line) to
Jiangjyun Port, Tainan County. Coordinates for the recommended stretch of waters are
from N24o45' (in Hsinchu County, just north of Longfung Harbour) to N23o10' (south
of Jiangjyun Port, Tainan County). This gives a linear distance of about 195 km (with
the actual length of coastline being greater than 195 km once its true shape is taken into
consideration) (see figure 1).

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圖一、東台灣海峽中華白海豚 (Sousa chinensis)的沿岸分布。

7
Figure 1: The along-shore distribution of the eastern Taiwan Strait population of
Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis).

二、離岸距離（離岸分布）
離岸分布）Distance from the shore (offshore distribution)

2.1 水深因素 Water depth factor

中華白海豚的離岸分布（即離岸垂直距離）主要受限於水深的影響 (Jefferson
and Karczmarski, 2001)，也受到河口影響 (Wang 等人, 2007a)。此物種全球分布在
近岸的淺海水域裡，大多在河口附近，棲息水深通常不超過 25 公尺(Jefferson and
Karczmarski, 2001)；但 Ross (2002)曾提到少數例子出現在水深 25 公尺以下的海

8
域，在香港被考慮的分布範圍包含到 30 公尺的水深(S.K. Hung, 私人通訊)，某些
地區甚至出現在水深 40 公尺以上之水域(see Parsons 2004 for a review)。
如前述，東台灣海峽中華白海豚經常在沿岸海域和河口附近活動，可在 1.5 公
尺的淺海見到，大部分目擊發生在水深 10 公尺以內的海域，目前尚無在水深超過
24.8 公尺海域的目擊紀錄 (Wang 等人, 2007b)（已在水深超過 40 公尺的海域進行
調查（Wang 等人, 2008 (發行中)）
，證明水深係限制東台灣海峽中華白海豚分布的
主要因素。海深也可能是令東台灣海峽中華白海豚無法跨越台灣海峽的主要因素
之一（Wang 等人, 2008 (發行中)）
。
由於東台灣海峽中華白海豚棲息水深至少為 24.8 公尺，並考慮到其可能在更
深的水域裡面棲息，本報告建議，未得到更多相關研究成果之前，應採取預警原
則，以 30 公尺為保守水深上限，作為劃設重要棲息環境的參考條件之一。為了納
入所有在低潮時下降至水深 30 公尺以下的海域應該取一年內最低潮之情況來認定
30 公尺的等深線。

The offshore distribution (i.e. perpendicular distance from the shore) of the
Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin is believed to be limited primarily by water depth
(Jefferson and Karczmarski, 2001) and determined also by estuarine influence (Wang et
al., 2007a). Throughout the global range of the species, it occurs in shallow, nearshore
waters, mostly near estuaries (Jefferson and Karczmarski, 2001), and usually in waters
less than 25m deep, although Ross (2002) notes the rare occurrence of humpback
dolphins in waters over 25m deep, ranges of up to 30m are considered in Hong Kong
(S.K. Hung, pers. comm.), and they can occur in water depths greater than 40m in some
regions (See Parsons 2004 for a review).
As described above, ETS humpback dolphins are, similarly, frequently seen in
coastal waters and near estuaries. They are known to swim in waters as shallow as 1.5m,
are mostly seen in waters less than 10m deep and have not yet been seen in waters
exceeding 24.8m deep (Wang et al., 2007b) (waters deeper than 40m have been
surveyed (Wang et al., 2008 (in press)), supporting the view that depth presents a major
limiting factor for ETS humpback dolphin distribution. Bathymetry is probably also one
of the main factors preventing the movement of ETS dolphins across the Taiwan Strait
(Wang et al., 2008 (in press)).
Considering that ETS humpback dolphins are known to swim in waters at least
24.8m deep, and given the possibility that they may swim beyond this depth, it is
proposed that, pending further investigation of the depth range of ETS humpback
dolphin habitat and applying the precautionary principle, a conservative upper limit for
water depth of 30m should be set as one of two factors used to determine the offshore
limits of their important habitat. In order to account for areas whose depth falls to below
30m at low tide, the 30m depth boundary should be set according to the lowest tide of
the year.

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2.2 距離因素 Distance factor
另一個決定重要棲息環境界線的因素為離岸距離。目前科學調查時目擊的白
海豚均出現在離岸 2 公里以內（Wang 等人 2007b）和 3 公里以內（Chou, 2006）
的海域。Wang 等人 (2007b, 161)把「海岸」定義為『在高潮時仍維持乾燥的陸地，
以此，在某些地方，大型沙洲也代表「海岸」」。Chou(2006)並未定義「海岸」。
綜合以上，本報告建議將離岸 3 公里（或 5 公里，請看下面）距離作為中華
白海豚的離岸界線，並採用 Wang 等人 (2007b)對「海岸」的定義，即包含沙洲及
所有自然或人造陸地，如（不限於）海埔地、填海造陸（造地）、海堤、防波堤、
導流設備（如導流堤）、消波塊或其他延伸海岸的人工構造物。考量低潮時海豚
活動的離岸距離，海岸的位置應在上述定義下，以年最低潮線進行校準（即年最
高之低潮線）。
此外，固定海岸線的向陸部分亦應列為海豚棲地範圍，以納入淹沒後可能成
為海豚活動的區域。

The other factor which should be considered in determining the offshore limits of
the population is distance from shore. The greatest distance from shore at which ETS
humpback dolphins have been sighted during scientific surveys was 2km (Wang et al.,
2007b) and 3km (Chou, 2006). “Shore” was defined by Wang et al., (2007b, 161) as
“any piece of land that remained dry at high tide, so in some areas, large sandbars
represented ‘shore’”. Chou (2006) did not define “shore”.
Taking all of these results into consideration, it is proposed that an additional
offshore limit for ETS humpback dolphin distribution, based on distance from shore, is
set at 3km (or 5km – see below) from the shore as defined by Wang et al., (2007b). This
includes not only sandbars but also any other natural or artificial land, including (but not
limited to) tidal flats, reclaimed land, sea walls, diversion structures, concrete blocks,
and all other artificial extensions to the coast. In order to account for the offshore
distance to which the dolphins may swim at low tide, the position of the shore should be
fixed as that meeting the above definition, as recorded at the lowest tide of the year (i.e.
at the highest low tide of the year).
In addition, in order to account for areas which will be submerged (and hence can
be used by the dolphins) all areas inshore of the fixed shoreline should be considered to
belong to the dolphins’ main habitat.

2.3 結論 Conclusion
本報告建議合併應用上述兩種影響因素來劃設東台灣海峽中華白海豚的重要
棲息環境：1）離岸 3 公里﹝「岸」係指在年最低的高潮期間維持乾燥或構成阻止
白海豚活動的所有陸地，包括沙洲和所有自然或人工的陸地，如（不限於）海埔
地、填海造陸（造地）、海堤、防波堤、導流設備（如導流提）、消波塊、其他
水泥等所有延長海岸的人工構造物﹞；或 2）30 公尺等深線（在年最低潮時測量），
即在白海豚棲息範圍內取以上兩界線離岸最遠者來劃設重要棲息環境。如極難確
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認 30 公尺等深線或有爭議，則應以離岸 5 公里之標準來劃設重要棲息環境（見圖
二）
。總計離岸分布如圖二顯示的 x+y+z。
Given the two major deciding factors above, it is proposed that the offshore
boundary of the ETS humpback dolphin habitat be set using a combination of two limits:
1) 3km from shore (where “shore” = any natural or artificial land or extensions to the
coast, including (but not limited to) sandbars, tidal flats, reclaimed land, sea walls,
diversion structures, concrete blocks which remain dry at the lowest high tide of the
year) or 2) the 30m isobath (as measured at the lowest tide of the year), whichever is
furthest from the shore at any given position in the dolphins’ range. In the event of
serious difficulty or controversy in identifying the location of the 30m isobath, a
conservative offshore distance of 5km should be applied instead of 3km. The total
offshore distribution should include all waters inshore of the furthest offshore boundary,
i.e. x+y+z in Figure 2.

圖二、東台灣海峽中華白海豚 (Sousa chinensis)的離岸分布。

Figure 2: Offshore distribution of the eastern Taiwan Strait population of Indo-Pacific

humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis).
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三、具特殊重要性的棲地範圍 Areas of particular importance

曾有文獻推測某些活動區域對白海豚具有特殊的重要性。Chou (2006)在外傘
頂洲目擊二至四對母子對，故認為外傘頂洲可能是白海豚繁殖和育幼的區域，且
外傘頂洲、港口和河口處都可能是保育熱點。同時，Wang and Yang (2007b)在大甲
至台西之間多處海域都曾目擊母子對及不同齡期的幼豚出現，包括大肚溪口和濁
水溪口 (Wang 等人, 2004)；也在雲林縣台西鄉（麥寮離島工業區）近海目擊群體
內有幼豚的大群海豚，在大甲、崙尾水道和彰濱工業區近岸水域目擊白海豚母子
對(Wang and Yang, 未發表資料)。
中華白海豚的分布模式相當複雜，即便如香港等進行長期研究的地方亦了解
不多。Hung and Jefferson (2004)認為香港白海豚的分布模式可能隨著年齡、和漁船
的互動、食物資源分布和可得性以及人類活動與干擾而改變，且每年可能不同。
此外，如果移除或減輕影響海豚分布的人為干擾，則先前被迫移棲的海豚可能會
回到原本的活動範圍。
東台灣海峽的中華白海豚族群已被國際自然保育聯盟紅皮書列入「極危」等
級，在相關科學研究剛起步（2002 年起）
、影響海豚短／長期分布模式的因素過於
龐雜、人類活動可能已經改變白海豚的分布模式，以及目前尚缺乏經過同儕評鑑
的文件為證實其分布範圍內某一些地方屬於特別重要的覓食、求偶、繁殖、育幼
或其他行為的主張之情況下，本報告建議應以同等重要性對待前述之白海豚棲地
範圍，意即凡經確認目擊白海豚之區域應當受到高度重視。再者，在劃定白海豚
的重要棲息環境後，其界線應隨白海豚分布調查資料之更新而調整。

There has been some speculation regarding areas of particular importance to the
ETS humpback dolphins. Chou (2006) has suggested, based on the sighting of between
2 and 4 mother and calf pairs, that Waishanding Sandbar could be a humpback dolphin
mating and nursing area, and that Waishanding Sandbar, ports and estuaries could be
hotspots for conservation. Meanwhile, Wang and Yang (2007b) have also seen neonates
with mothers, as well as calves of different sizes in various locations throughout the
humpback dolphins’ range, from Dachia to south of Taisi, including mother-calf pairs in
the Dadu River and Jhuoshuei River Estuaries (Wang et al., 2004), large groups of
dolphins with neonatal calves near Taisi, Yunlin County (Mailiao Offshore Industrial
Zone) (Wang and Yang, 2007b) and mother-calf pairs near Dachia, Luen-wei Channel
and in the waters of Changpin Industrial Zone (Wang and Yang, unpublished data).
The ranging patterns of humpback dolphins are complex and are poorly understood
even in places where they have been studied in most detail, such as Hong Kong. Hung
and Jefferson (2004) suggest that ranging patterns of Hong Kong humpback dolphins
may vary with age class, association with fishing boats, distribution and availability of
food resources, and human activities and disturbances, and that ranging patterns may
also vary annually. In addition, where human disturbance has resulted in a change in
ranging pattern, the removal or mitigation of the disturbance may cause displaced
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dolphins to return to their previous range.
Given the IUCN Red List critically endangered (CR) status of this distinct
population, the short period of dedicated study of the population (since 2002), the great
complexity of factors that may influence the short and long term ranging patterns of the
dolphins, the possibility that human activities are already influencing the ranging
patterns of the ETS humpback dolphins and the fact that no peer-reviewed
documentation exists to support the claim that any particular part of the range is of
particular importance to the ETS dolphins for feeding, courting, breeding, nursing or
any other behaviour, it is advised that the full range as identified above be considered of
equal importance at this time, and that no specific locations be treated with greater or
lesser emphasis, that is to say that all areas that are known to have confirmed sightings
of Sousa must be treated with the greatest level of attention. Furthermore, after the
population’s Major Wildlife Habitat is designated, the area of this Habitat should be
increased if and when confirmed sightings prove the animals to be in waters outside the
presently identified range.

四、參考文獻 References

Chou, L.-S. 2006. Cetacean bycatch in coastal waters of Taiwan and the ecology of
Chinese white dolphins, Sousa chenensis. Final report to the Fisheries Agency,
Council of Agriculture (Taiwan). 68 pp. (英文摘要). (周蓮香。2006。台灣沿海鯨
豚誤捕研究與中華白海豚生態調查。行政院農業委員會漁業署九十五年度科技
計畫研究報告。68 頁。)
Hung, S.K., & T.A. Jefferson. 2004. Ranging patterns of Indo-Pacific humpback
dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in the Pearl River Estuary, People’s Republic of China.
Aquatic Mammals, 30(1), 159-174.
Jefferson, T.A., & L. Karczmarski,. 2001. Sousa chinensis. Mammalian Species, 655,
1-9.
Parsons, E.C.M. 2004. The Behavior and Ecology of the Indo-Pacific Humpback
Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) Aquatic Mammals, 30, (1), 38-55.
Ross, G. J. B. 2002. Humpback dolphins Sousa chinensis, S. plumbea, and S. teuszii
in: Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (W. F. Perrin, B. Wursig and J. G. M.
Thewissen). Academic Press. 585-589
Wang, C.P. 2005. A study on the ecology and resource of Chinese white dolphins, Sousa
chenensis, in the Taiwan Strait. Final report to the Fisheries Agency, Council of
Agriculture (Taiwan). 26 pp. (英文摘要). (王建平 2005 台灣海峽中華白海豚資
源調查與生態研究. 行政院農業委員會漁業署九十四年年度管理計畫研究報告.
68 頁).
Wang, J.Y., S.K. Hung and S.-C. Yang. 2004. Records of Indo-Pacific humpback

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 dolphins, Sousa chinensis (Osbeck, 1765), from the waters of western Taiwan.
Aquatic Mammals, 30(1), 187–194.
Wang, J.Y. & S.-C. Yang. 2007a. An identification guide to the dolphins and other small
cetaceans of Taiwan. Jen Jen Publishing Company, Taiwan. 208pp.
Wang, J.Y. and S.-C. Yang. 2007b. Biology of the eastern Taiwan Strait (ETS)
population of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis): an update since
2004 (working paper for the second international workshop on conservation and
research needs of the eastern Taiwan Strait population of Indo-Pacific humpback
dolphins, Sousa chinensis, in the waters of Taiwan).
Wang, J.Y., S.-C. Yang and R.R. Reeves (eds.). 2007a. Report of the second
international workshop on conservation and research needs of the eastern Taiwan
Strait population of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis, in the waters
of Taiwan. National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Checheng, Taiwan.
62 pp. (English英文), 54 pp. (Chinese中文).
Wang, J.Y., S.-C. Yang, S.K. Hung and T.A. Jefferson. 2007b. Distribution, abundance
and conservation status of the eastern Taiwan Strait population of Indo-Pacific
humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis. Mammalia, 71, 157–165.
Wang, J.Y., S.K. Hung, S.-C. Yang, T.A. Jefferson and E.R. Secchi. 2008 (in press).
Population differences in the pigmentation of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins,
Sousa chinensis, in Chinese waters. Mammalia, 72: DOI:
10.1515/MAMM.2008.030.

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