CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION South Lombok has about 50,000 ha of agricultural land that has not been productive in an optimal.

This condition is caused by lack of water availability in the region. Sources with the availability of adequate water, concentrated in west of Lombok. Potential was utilized to reduce the problems in South Lombok region by developing the South Lombok Irrigation Interconnection. Scheme of the South Lombok Irrigation Interconnection can be seen in Figure 1. Pandanduri and Swangi irrigation area are two areas that get irrigation water supply from South Lombok Irrigation Interconnection. However, Water supply from South Lombok Interconnection Irrigation Network has not able to meet water demand of irrigation areas in South Lombok optimally. To overcome this problem the goverment has been building a construction of Pandanduri reservoir, as the regulator of water resource management in Pandanduri and surrounding areas. Previous studies conducted by Mardiani (2010) states that there was potential of return flow that occurs on land within the irrigation system. Therefore, it needs more detailed study to determine the optimum capacity of Pandanduri reservoir in water utilization by considering all its potentiality. This research is designed to optimize water utilization of Pandanduri Reservoir to supply water irrigation of Pandanduri-Swangi Irrigation System by taking into account the potential of return flow in order to obtain the pattern of optimum reservoir water release. CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW Research on optimization of water utilization of Pandanduri Reservoir to meet irrigation water demand of Pandanduri Swangi irrigation system ever conducted by Mardiani (2010). Optimizations was performed with a combination of Standard Operating Rule reservoir simulation model and linear programming optimization. Research was conducted to develop the research that has been done previously. Source : Balai Wilayah Sungai Nusa Tenggara I, 2009 Figure 1. Scheme of the South Lombok Irrigation Interconnection. Focus of research areas The main thing that distinguishes this study with previous is the approach in determining the amount of return flow. In previous research, the return flow is the difference of Swangi weir inflow with discharge through weir from Pandanduri. This study, the determination of return

flow was approached by applying Tank model (Sugawara, et.al., 1984) or the principle of water balance in irrigated area. A. Optimum Criteria for Optimization of Reservoir Utilization. Some of criteria can be used as consideration in optimizing of irrigation water allocation is following. 1. The achievement of cropping intensity in the planting season (I, II and III). 2. K Factor, which is the ratio between the capacity of water supply and irrigation water demand. a. the ratio between the capacity of water supply and irrigation water demand. b. water release to meet irrigation water needs for the period i, c. (target release) irrigation water demand period i. 3. Reliability of irrigation water supply. BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN The research was conducted on Pandanduri and swangi Irrigation System which has an area of each 1982 ha and 2495 ha. Scheme of irrigation system was modified from Balai Informasi Sumberdaya Air (2009) shown in Figure 2. Analysis was preceded by updating water demand and water availability from previous studies. Analysis of water balance in the irrigation land was conducted by Tank model approach that applied to the sub-irrigation system Pandanduri (see Figure 2). Optimization model based on Linear Programming method was formulated and then a water balance of Standard Operating Rule reservoir simulation model was applied in combination with the optimization model, with a formulation similar to research conducted by Mardiani (2010). Inflow to reservoirs was based on the mean discharge was recorded half monthly in AWLR Suradadi gauge station. The amount of outflow was calculated based on target release that consisted of water requirements for flushing and irrigation water needs of both Pandanduri-Swangi and Gambir Irrigation System after deducted by return flow occurring in sub-irrigation system Pandanduri. Optimizations performed on two scenarios, first, Pandanduri reservoir serve the irrigation water demand of Pandanduri Swangi irrigation area, second, have additional service to meet irrigation water demand of Gambir irrigation system was assumed continuously at 30% of irrigation water demand of Pandanduri irrigation system.

Figure 2 Schematic of Pandanduri sub-irrigation system with application of Tank model. Optimization is also performed on several alternative based on the following points. 1. Group, consists of planting alternatives without group, two and three groups (each group of plant spacing a half months and one month). 2. Cropping pattern, consists of paddy-palawija-palawija (existing), paddypaddy/palawija-palawija and paddy-paddy-palawija. 3. Planting period, from early September to early December. BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Water Balance Model in irrigated Area Based on the model accuracy indicators are presented in Figure 3, shows that on some systems, the model could be quite accurately, although still inaccurate on other systems. Performance of the model is accurate at the system of AWLR Suradadi-Pandanduri weir and system of Pandanduri weir - Swangi weir that seen from the correlation coefficient (R > 0.7) and volume error (VE 5%). However, system of Pandanduri weir Ujung dam and system of Ujung dam Lingko Lamun dam model performance was not too accurately or fairly accurately categorized. Weaknesses of the model that occurs in both systems can be caused by faulty records and availability of data is not accurate. Figure 3 Scatter of observed discharge and model discharge on Pandanduri sub-irrigation system. B. Optimization of Water Utilization of Pandanduri Reservoir Comparison of optimization results in previous studies conducted by Mardiani (2010) and the optimization results in this study are presented in Tables 1 and 2. Shown in Tables 1 and 2, in previous studies, the optimal value is reached on no planting group of rotation water supply and cropping pattern paddy-paddy/palawija-palawija that the cultivation is begin in early September, the available water in Pandanduri reservoir was able to meet the irrigation water demand with maximum annual cropping intensity 258,4% for 4.477 ha of command area. The output of simulation model concludes that supply capacity under constraint of k factor was 0,854 and the reliability of reservoir operation was 82,40%. Optimization results in this study showed an increase in cropping intensity to 269.5% and the reliability of reservoir operations is 83,7% for the same k factor is 0,854. This is caused by different approaches in determining the amount of return flow. From Previous study (Mardiani, 2010), return flow was obtained from irrigation

drainage in Pandanduri irrigation system that has a difference percentage in each planting season, sequentially planting seasons I, II and III was 25%, 19%, and 9%. The amount of return flow was additional supply to Swangi irrigation system thus reducing total irrigation water demand that released from reservoirs. In this study, the return flow is determined by applying a Tank model simulation with giving input all of the hydrological components that affect the water balance of irrigated area. The Tank model simulation was also adapted to the modeling scenario of reservoir operations as a whole. Table 1. Optimization results on the first scenario and without any planting group. Cropping Patterns Alternative Planting early September Table 2. Optimization results on the first scenario and the planting two groups Table 3. Optimization results on the second scenario and the planting three groups kind of years commodity acreage Wet years, Normal years, Dry years Corn, soybean, chili, peanuts, onion, tobacco Information obtained from Table 3 that, based on the reservoir inflow in normal years indicated that the reservoir can serve the irrigation water demand with the maximum annual cropping intensity was 237,20% for both 4.477 ha of Pandanduri Swangi and 594,60 ha of Gambir command area. The output of simulation model concludes that supply capacity under constraint of k factor is 0,920 and the reliability of reservoir operation is 90,0%. C. Reservoir operation simulation model (Linear Decision Rule, LDR) Simulation to obtain the reservoir operating guidelines was conducted based on the coefficient of LDR and synthetic inflow data input. The mean value of k factor that obtained from optimization results with historical inflow and synthetic data input, respectively 0.91 and 0.94 with the only difference of 3%. This means that the Linear Decision Rule simulation with the synthetic inflow data input stable to the optimization results of historical inflow data input. Based on the optimization results and optimal regulation water release of Pandanduri reservoir, could be made the reservoir water level fluctuations with the historical inflow and synthetic inflow data input considering inflow characteristics. Graph of water level fluctuations in reservoirs is based on three characteristics of the inflow, as can be seen in Figure 4 and 5. the half monthly period

Figure 4 Graph of water level fluctuations in reservoirs with historical inflow data input. crest spillway Figure 4 Graph of water level fluctuations in reservoirs with synthetic inflow data input. BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN A. Kesimpulan Based on the analysis some conclusions can be drawn as follows. 1. The tank model approach to determine the amount of return flow in the Pandanduri subirrigation system can be applied to optimize the water utilization of Pandanduri Reservoir. 2. The optimum water utilization of Pandanduri reservoir based on annual cropping intensity is 237,20%, it can be obtained by planting three classes of rotation water supply and cropping pattern paddy-paddy/palawija-palawija that the cultivation is begin in early October. The output of simulation model concludes that supply capacity under constraint of k factor is 0,920 and the reliability of reservoir operation is 90,0%. 3. Previous studies showed that the available water in Pandanduri reservoir was able to meet the irrigation water demand with maximum annual cropping intensity 258,4% for 4.477 ha of command area. The output of simulation model concludes that supply capacity under constraint of k factor was 0,854 and the reliability of reservoir operation was 82,40%. Optimization results in this study showed an increase in cropping intensity to 269.5% and the reliability of reservoir operations is 83,7% for the same k factor is 0,854. Saran Based on this research, the advice that can be given is more research is needed to determine the potential of return flow in the Gambir irrigation system with applying Tank model approach.