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PIPESIM 2000
HoSim
User Guide
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PIPESIM 2000
Copyright 1989-2001 Baker Jardine & Associates Limited
Although P I P E S I M 2 0 0 0 has been extensively tested, Baker Jardine and Associates accept no responsibility or liability arising from the use of this manual or the P I P E S I M 2 0 0 0 computer program. All material is supplied without warranty of any kind.
Baker Jardine and Associates Limited 19 Heathmans Road Parsons Green London SW6 4TJ ENGLAND Phone: +44 207 371 5644 Fax: +44 207 371 5182 E-mail: support@bjalondon.com
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Index
INDEX ........................................................................................................3 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................5 2. PROGRAM OVERVIEW. .....................................................................7 2.1 MAIN SCREEN. ...................................................................................... 7 2.2 THE MODEL WINDOW ........................................................................... 7 2.3 THE MAIN MENU .................................................................................. 7 2.4 THE TOOLBOX ...................................................................................... 8 2.4.1 Model Editing Tools .....................................................................8 2.4.2 Model Component Tools ...............................................................9 2.5 THE TOOLBAR .................................................................................... 11 3. THE MAIN MENU COMMANDS ......................................................12 3.1 FILE MENU ......................................................................................... 12 3.2 EDIT MENU ......................................................................................... 13 3.3. SETUP MENU ..................................................................................... 14 3.4 OPERATIONS MENU ............................................................................. 18 3.5 REPORTS MENU .................................................................................. 19 3.6 WINDOW MENU .................................................................................. 21 3.7 HELP MENU ........................................................................................ 21 4. LOCAL MENU COMMANDS ............................................................23 4.1 HORIZONTAL WELL SECTION ............................................................... 23 4.2 GENERAL BRANCH .............................................................................. 23 4.3 SINK ITEM........................................................................................... 24 4.4 SOURCE ITEM ...................................................................................... 24 4.5. NODE (MANIFOLD) ITEM ..................................................................... 24 5. BUILDING A MODEL - DATA ENTRY SCREENS. ........................25 5.1 HORIZONTAL WELL SECTION ............................................................... 25 5.1.1 IPR Specification..........................................................................26 5.1.2 Well Profile ..................................................................................28 5.1.3 Fluid Model .................................................................................29 5.2 GENERAL BRANCH .............................................................................. 29 5.3 SINK ITEM........................................................................................... 30 5.4 SOURCE ITEM ...................................................................................... 30 6. EXAMPLE CASES ..............................................................................31
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-46.1 CASE 1. BUILDING AND RUNNING A MODEL ......................................... 31 6.2 CASE 2. CHANGE (EDIT) THE MODEL ................................................... 43 6.3 CASE 3. MULTILATERAL HETEROGENEOUS CASE STUDY ....................... 46 6.4 CASE 4. EXAMPLE OF WELL WITH DOWNHOLE EQUIPMENT .................. 50 6.5 CASE 5. DUAL LATERAL GAS FIELD ..................................................... 54 APPENDIX A. ..........................................................................................59 BABU & ODEH HORIZONTAL WELL IPR .................................................... 59
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Chapter 1: Introduction - 5 -
1. Introduction
H o s i m is designed to model horizontal and multilateral wells in detail. The software uses a rigorous network solution algorithm (from P I P E S I M 2 0 0 0 software) to solve horizontal and multilateral wells as gathering networks. The program enables detailed horizontal well models to be built quickly and easily through a graphical user interface. The user can define various IPR relationships, and specify a detailed well description. Certain equipment models, which are common to the P I P E S I M 2 0 0 0 , are available such as chokes, gas lift, ESPs and also separators, compressors, pumps etc. Fluid description can be either black oil or compositional and different fluids can be specified which are mixed together using appropriate mixing rules. The well model can be run by specifying either an outlet pressure or an outlet flowrate (or a range of values for a batch run). Results can be displayed either as text (point values) or graphically for any part of the model. This users guide gives a description of the menu commands, the operations and the reporting options available. Two case study examples are described and the user is encouraged to work through these examples to quickly learn the features and functionality of H o s i m . The examples are the same as the demo cases case1.hsm and case4.hsm which are supplied with the software.
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2. Program Overview
2.1 Main Screen
When you start up H o s i m , the main window will appear as shown below. The main components within this window are; the model window, the main menu, the toolbar and the toolbox.
Toolbar
Main Menu
Toolbox
Model Window
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Chapter 2: Program Overview - 9 This dialog box is only of use after you have completed a run and it allows you to view data for chosen branches or nodes. Once the Output Data dialog box has appeared you are able to click on any nodes or branches in the network (including horizontal well sections) and instantly view pressures, flowrates, temperatures, GLRs and watercuts. The user can then look at the flowline input or output data by selecting from the check buttons under the View data at... option. This data can be viewed in terms of mass; liquid or gas flowrates by using the check buttons on the right of the dialog box. If the Report button is selected, then the data shown is output to a text file using the BJ-EDIT text editor, which can then be printed out. 2.4.2 Model Component Tools To introduce any particular component into your network you must first click the left-hand mouse button on the desired toolbox button. You will then notice that the mouse cursor changes from the standard Microsoft Windows arrow into an arrow with an extra part attached. This new shape will be dependent on the toolbox button that you pressed. General Branch Tool If you wish to specify a branch connecting two components together then you must not simply point and click but rather drag your mouse from the branch start to finish. This involves initially positioning the mouse cursor where you wish the branch to start, depressing the left mouse button and then moving the mouse to the branch end, keeping the left mouse button pressed. Then when you are over the branch end, release the left button. If you are not accurate in your tracing from start to finish then the branch will not appear and you should try again. This general branch should be used to define items such as tubings, flowlines (or blank sections of a horizontal well), equipment such as chokes etc. Specification of the items within a general branch is described in section 5.2
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If you wish to specify a horizontal well section between two nodes then you must first position the nodes in the model window and then select the above tool and drag your mouse from one node to the other. This involves initially positioning the mouse cursor on the node where you wish to start, depressing the left mouse button and then moving the mouse to the node where you wish to end, keeping the left mouse button pressed. Then when you are over the end node, release the left button. If you are not accurate in your tracing from start to finish then the well section will not appear and you should try again. Specification of the items within a horizontal well section is described in section 5.1. Node (manifold) Tool If you wish to introduce a node or manifold into your model, then all you need to do is select the node tool and then move the new mouse cursor over to the active window, and click where you wish the component to appear. As you click the selected component icon will appear in your model window. These nodes are used to define the start and end points of branches and horizontal well sections. Source Tool If you wish to introduce a general source into your model, then all you need to do is select the source tool and then move the new mouse cursor over to the active window, and click where you wish the component to appear. As you click the selected component icon will appear in your model window. These items are then connected with the branch tool. Sink Tool If you wish to introduce a sink into your model, then all you need to do is select the sink tool and then move the new mouse cursor over to the active window, and click where you wish the component to appear. As you click the selected component icon will appear in your model window. These items are then connected with the branch tool. You must have at least one sink in your model to define the outlet end, which maybe at the heel of the well the wellhead for example.
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These three buttons are shortcuts to the File New , File Open and File Save dialog boxes respectively.
These three buttons are shortcuts to the operation commands to Run Model, Abort Run and Restart Model respectively. Restart Model uses the results of a previous run as the initial guesses for flowrates and pressures, which may enable a much faster solution if conditions in the model have not changed by much from a previous run.
These three buttons are shortcuts to the operation commands to Reports - View Graphs, Reports - View Output File and Edit - Boundary Conditions respectively. Edit - Boundary Conditions is very useful in that it enables you to easily view all the boundary conditions and the status of all model items.
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Chapter 3: The Main Menu Commands 13 Choose this option to delete engine related files for the active model.
3.1.8 Choose Printer Select this menu choice to choose which of the available printers you wish to print any output for the current H o s i m session. 3.1.9 Print Setup This option accesses the Microsoft Windows print settings for the currently selected printer. You can configure individual printers through this environment. 3.1.10 Print Network This option sends a copy of your model directly to the currently selected printer. 3.1.11 Exit Choose the Exit option to terminate H o s i m . The software will prompt the user to save any models that are open and have had changes made and then remove itself from your computers memory. 3.1.12 Last Accessed files H o s i m keeps a record of the last four models that you accessed and displays this list at the bottom of the File menu. Clicking on one of these opens the file and hence saves having to use the standard Microsoft Windows file opening dialog box.
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3.2.4 Hide Toolbox This option allows the user to select between having the toolbox visible on screen or to have it hidden. The first menu option of the Edit menu changes between Show Toolbox and Hide Toolbox.
Chapter 3: The Main Menu Commands 15 the BJA.INI file and will override any settings in the BJCONFIG.INI file. It is advised not to use this option. 3.3.4 Show PQT Values This allows the user to see input boundary conditions for all sources, sinks and horizontal well sections, on screen, within the model window. 3.3.5 Units Choosing the Units option of the Setup menu will make the Model Units dialog box appear. This is where you can select an overall units system and/or select individual units for certain quantities. To select individual units for each parameter click on each drop-down menu and select the units that is required. Different input units are available in some of the data entry dialog boxes. Checking the appropriate box under the Output Units section selects the output units (SI or Engineering). 3.3.6 Flow Correlations H o s i m allows you to select from a range of industry standard flow correlations. Furthermore, you are able to choose different flow correlations for vertical and horizontal flow and you can choose different correlations for each branch. To select flow correlations click on the Flow Correlations option of the Setup menu. This will cause the Flow Correlation Data dialog box to appear. To set global vertical and horizontal flow correlations simply choose from the lists. Local flow corrleations can be set for each branch by clicking the right mouse button over the branch and selecting Flow Correlations from the menu. The same dialog box will appear but the flow correlations will only apply to the selected branch. For detailed description of multiphase flow correlations in H o s i m , refer to the PIPESIM for Windows manual (Volume-1, section 12). 3.3.7 IPR The IPR menu option displays the IPR Dialog that can be used to enter multiple reservoir descriptions. Those descriptions can then be matched to the horizontal sections present in the model. A general PI will be calculated for each section, taking into account that more than one section can share the same reservoir
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-16description. This option is especially useful for multilateral configurations. The user can also obtain a PI for individual sections by accessing the sections dialog and clicking on its IPR button. See Case 3 in section 6.3 for a guide on how to use this feature
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3.3.8 Fluid Model Baker Jardines H o s i m allows you to simulate wells flowing just about any possible type of liquid or gas or both liquid and gas together. This flexibility is available to the user through the Fluid Model... menu option. It allows the fluid to be modelled by a black oil or a compositional model. A formatted '.pvt' file may be specified for the fluid model. Black oil fluids are generic fluid models that can be calibrated to match your experimental data. Compositional fluids are defined as consisting of quantities of basic constituents (methane, ethane, glycols, water etc.) with known properties and modelled with an equation of state. Using a black oil model often requires less computation time than running a fully compositional model but does not usually model the fluid as well. H o s i m allows you to mix different black oil or compositional fluid streams, but you can not mix a black oil with a compositionally specified fluid.
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-18The fluid model type is selected with a check box in the Fluid Model dialog box (below) and the data is input to the appropriate dialog box after selecting the Edit Blackoil/Edit Composition button. If the PVT File option is selected then a formatted '.pvt' file must be available within the computers files.
For detailed description of fluid modelling in H o s i m , refer to the PIPESIM for Windows manual (Volume-1, sections 13 and 14). 3.3.9 Estimates. This feature has been added so that an initial guess for flowrate and pressure can be specified. The Global Estimates will be applied to all of the branches in the network and will then be used to initialise the iteration algorithms.
Chapter 3: The Main Menu Commands 19 plot results. This option will run the model using the boundary conditions specified in the model window. 3.4.3 Create PQ Curve This option opens the following dialog box which sets up a series of batch runs to enable generation of a PQ curve. This curve is basically a performance curve for the well showing the relationship between outlet pressure and outlet flowrate (e.g. at the heel or at the wellhead). Firstly select whether you want to define outlet pressure or flowrate for the Variable. Then select Min, Max and Step (interval) values and the list of values will be added to the table. You can now edit these values within the table if desired. Selecting Run from this screen will start off the batch run of simulation cases. The values specified in the table will override the variable specified in the model window. (Note: Selecting Run Model from the Operations menu will run using the variables defined in the model window, not the values in the PQ curve table). 3.4.4 Abort Run You might occasionally wish to stop a simulation before it has finished. This you can do by choosing Abort Run from the Operations menu.
-20problems, however, it is probably not very useful for normal output reporting see note below: Note: It is recommended that the user use the Results display button in the toolbox as described in section 2.4.1 Results. This facilitates much easier viewing and printing of important results data. 3.5.2. View Summary Data Choosing this option will take you into the BJ-EDIT text editor and automatically load the a summary of the network results file. Output is similar to the main output file but summarised. Again, the user is recommended to use the Report button in the toolbox. 3.5.3. View Graphs This option opens the following dialog box for plotting of output data. Two types of graph are available. (i) A PQ Graph which shows as default outlet flowrate vs. outlet pressure for any selected branches. The user can change the x and y variables from the Series option in the graphical main menu. (ii) A Profile Graph which shows as default pressure vs. distance for any selected branches. Again the user can change the x and y variables from the Series option in the graphical main menu. The user must also select a Run Type since the output file generated from the Run Model operation (single case) is different from the output file generated from the Create PQ Curve batch run operation (multi case). The user must select which branches are to be plotted by clicking and highlighting them. If several branches are selected, the plotting routine attempts to concatenate the branches in the plot.
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5.1.1 IPR Specification If the IPR button is selected, the IPR data entry screen is opened. The user has a choice of selecting whether to use Horizontal Well IPR Models or specific Conventional Well IPR Models by checking the tick box. Choosing conventional IPR Models gives the choice of several conventional IPR specifications as shown by the screen opposite. The user can select between various IPR specifications such as a simple P.I. or a Vogel relationship etc.
If the Use Conventional IPR Models check box is not ticked (default), then the following IPR input screen is shown.
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This screen allows calculation of a horizontal well P.I. based on either steady state (Joshi) or pseudo steady state (Babu&Odeh) relationships for oil or gas. Note: the user should take Care when entering reservoir parameters in this screen. The calculated PI from this screen applies only to the particular horizontal well section. If several sections are joined in series, or more generally, if a multilateral model has been created, it is advisable to calculate the PIs by means of the generalised IPR Dialog (see Section 3.3.7) The skin value can be entered manually or calculated from skin model Options if data is available for either or all of damaged zone, crushed zone and gravel pack properties. Note also that in this release of the software, the user must also enter oil or gas volume factor and viscosity in this screen. For further details on the horizontal well IPR description, refer to Appendix A.
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-285.1.2 Well Profile If the Well Profile button is selected, the following screen is shown.
This allows the user to enter data relating to the horizontal well section (profile). Note that the elevation difference relates to the direction of flow i.e. a positive elevation difference implies that the downstream end is elevated above the upstream end of the section. The user can also specify whether the Flow Type in the defined section is either: Liner (within the liner only), Annulus (between the liner and the borehole only) or both Liner+Annulus (within the liner and also in the annulus). A detailed profile of the horizontal section in terms of tvd vs. md information can be specified by clicking on the Detailed Profile button on the upper right corner of the dialog.
A default heat transfer coefficient of 0.2 btu/hr/ft2/F is provided. This is generally a good default value for heat transfer from the borehole to formation.
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5.1.3 Fluid Model If the Fluid Model.. button is selected, then the user is prompted to select whether they wish to use the (default) globally defined black oil or compositional model. (This is defined under the Setup main menu option) or they may wish to define and use a local fluid model which will only apply to this particular horizontal well section. Each defined horizontal well section can have its own specific local fluid model or use the global default. For compositional models, the user can point to a predefined *.pvt file. For detailed description of fluid modelling in H o s i m , refer to the P I P E S I M 2 0 0 0 Volume-1, sections 13 and 14).
General Branch
Sink
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Node
By double clicking on the branch centre (or using the right mouse button for local menu) a new P I P E S I M window is opened showing the components of the branch and a new toolbox of P I P E S I M components also appears - See below. (By default, the branch window contains a length of pipe).
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Using this new toolbox, the user can select and add new components such as lengths of pipe, tubing descriptions (including gas lift or ESP artificial lift), chokes, separators, pumps and compressors. For details on adding and editing branch components, the user is referred to the P I P E S I M 2 0 0 0 manual (Volume-1, section 2).
General Branch
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6. Example Cases
6.1 Case 1. Building and Running a Model
The following is a step by step guide to demonstrate: how to build a simple H o s i m horizontal well model how to run the model and how to view the results. The model is provided in the software package as demo Case 1. The user is advised to work through this example as an effective way to learn the software. 6.1.1 Define the Model Components. Open a new model window. Using the toolbox, select two nodes and a sink as shown below in figure 6.1.
Figure 6.1 Join the two lone nodes with a horizontal well section and then join the second node to the sink with a general branch as shown below in figure 6.2. Note you can rename any of the nodes or branches within the data entry dialog screens. Note that it is very important to make sure the flow direction for the horizontal well section is correctly specified - draw the well section from toe to heel. (For details see section 5.1).
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Figure 6.2 6.1.2 Data Entry - Horizontal Well Section Double clicking on the horizontal well section opens the data entry dialog as shown below in figure 6.3.
Figure 6.3 If necessary, uncheck the Use Conventional IPR Models box, and click on the IPR button. The following dialog box will appear - figure 6.4. Select PSS (pseudo steady state) Oil and enter the following data (figure 6.4).
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Figure 6.4 Click on the Calculate PI button to show the calculated PI value. Click on the skin Options button and enter the following data - figure 6.5.
Figure 6.5 Click on the Calculate button to show the calculated skin value. When clicking the OK button and returning to the previous screen, the skin value and PI will be updated. Click OK on the Horizontal Completion Data dialog box and return to the main data entry screen (figure 6.3). Note on this window, the default number of injection points for a horizontal section is 10. The user could update this value (if required).
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Now click on the Well Profile and enter the data as shown below in figure 6.6
Figure 6.6 Note the well length and hole ID should correspond (not mandatory) with what was entered in the IPR dialog box (figure 6.4). The flow type is set to Liner since we expect the flow in the wellbore to be inside the liner and not the annulus (between liner and hole). Next, we will enter a tvd vs md table to specify a detailed profile for the horizontal completion. Open the Detailed Profile window and fill the table with the data shown in Figure 6.7.
Figure 6.7 Click OK to return to the main data entry screen (Figure 6.3). We do not need to enter the Fluid Model screen since we shall not be defining any local fluid models, only a global fluid model which will be defined in the main Setup menu. Click OK again to return to the model window (Figure 6.2).
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6.1.3 Data Entry - Branch Data Double click on the branch (centre section of branch). The following window and tool box will appear - Figure 6.8
Figure 6.8 We wish to select a tubing element for this branch. Therefore, we need to delete the default flowline element, then pick a tubing element from the PIPESIM toolbox and connect it between the two nodes (heel and sink) as follows: (i) Highlight the flowline element (click on it and the ends turn red colour). (ii) Press the Delete button on the keyboard. (iii) Click on the tubing item in the toolbox (iv) Click once in the model window to introduce the tubing item. (v) By clicking, holding and dragging, drag the two nodes (called heel and sink in this case) to the ends of the tubing item. Be sure to put the heel node at the bottom and the sink node at the top. Make sure that the nodes match up and connect to the tubing item. When finished, the model window should look as shown in Figure 6.9.
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Figure 6.9 By double clicking on the tubing item, the tubing data input screen is opened. Enter the following tubing description data as shown in Figure 6.10. Entering a kick-off depth
Figure 6.10 and a MD and TVD depth sets up a default tubing profile, which can be seen and edited through the Detailed Profile window. The tubing ID is entered in the Tubing Configuration window. When finished, click OK. You will notice that the appearance of the tubing item will change in the model window once a deviated tubing is described. Note, either gas lift or ESP artificial lift could be specified as part of the tubing description. For further details on tubing specification refer to chapter 17 of the P I P E S I M 2 0 0 0 (volume 1) manual. Once all the tubing data is entered, close the tubing item window and return to the
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Chapter 6: Example Cases- 37 main H o s i m model window. 6.1.4 Fluid Model Next we need to define and setup the fluid model. From the main menu, select Setup and then select Fluid Model. We can select whether to use a black oil or compositional fluid model. in this case we will use a black oil fluid model, so we select the Edit Blackoil Data screen. This screen allows us to enter basic black oil data and calibration parameters to tune the black oil model. Enter the data values in the screens as shown below in Figure 6.11.
Figure 6.11 Note that in the Advanced Calibration Data screen, clicking on the Plot PVT Data button produces a plot of the calibrated black oil model data. For detailed
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-38description of fluid modelling in H o s i m , refer to P I P E S I M 2 0 0 0 (Volume-1, sections 13 and 14). 6.1.5 Save the Model Having entered all the model data, you should save the model. Using the File, Save As menu, save the model with name such as case_name.hsm. Note you give the model a *.hsm extension. Note also that the model must be saved to its own directory (you cannot save more than one model in a single directory). You can create a new directory from the Save As command screen. 6.1.6 Operations - Run Model In order to run the model we have built; we need to supply sufficient boundary conditions for a simulation. A sink pressure or flowrate must be specified.
Figure 6.12 Double click on the sink item. The following screen is opened - figure 6.12. Enter an outlet pressure of 1000 psia as shown. (Note that alternatively an outlet flowrate could be specified). Click OK to close the sink data screen. Now go to the Setup menu and select Show PQT Values. Note that all boundary conditions are displayed in the model window. From the Operations menu, select Run Model. You will notice that the network solution engine will start and show the progress of the iterative network solution. After approximately 3 iteration cycles, the simulation will finish with a message Case_name finished OK. Click OK on this message box. 6.1.7 Reports - View Output
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Chapter 6: Example Cases- 39 Output data can be viewed as either text or graphically. 1) Text Output. Click on the results tool in the toolbox . This brings up output data dialog box, as shown below in figure 6.13. Click the mouse on the toe node to view the results at that point. Click on any of the injection points (in horizontal well section) to view results and also on the heel node. Note the naming convention of the injection points in the horizontal well section (these are internally generated). Also click on the sink to view results at that point. If the Report button is selected, then the data shown is sent to a text file using the BJ-EDIT text editor, which can then be printed. Output data can also be viewed from the main menu under Reports and View Output File and View Summary File. However, these files contain very detailed output for all branches and all sub-networks within the horizontal well sections and are therefore not very easy to follow. It is recommended therefore to use the Results tool from the toolbox for viewing and printing text output.
Figure 6.13 2) Graphical Output. From the main menu select Reports and View Graphs. Alternatively select the graphs icon from the main toolbar. The screen as in Figure 6.14 is opened. Select Profile Graph and Single Case. Highlight the branch you wish to plot (horizontal well section) and click OK. A profile plot of the branch is shown in Figure 6.15.
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Figure 6.14 This shows the pressure profile from the toe to the heel (in direction of flow). From the Series option in the main menu, the user can select to plot any other variable from the displayed list. Note that if more than one branch is selected for plotting, the plot routine will attempt to concatenate the branch plots. These plots can be sent to the printer.
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Figure 6.15 6.1.8 Multi Case - Create PQ Curve. From the Operations menu select Create PQ Curves. The following dialog box will appear - Figure 6.16. Enter the following data: select the object as the sink and the variable to be (outlet) pressure. Enter a Min of 500 psia, Max of 1500 psia and a Step of 500 psia. Click Add to List. You will see that a list of sink pressures will appear in the table. This is the list of multi (batch) runs to perform.
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Chapter 6: Example Cases- 41 You can edit this list if required. Click on the Run button to start the batch run. When the batch run is finished click OK on the message box and then click OK again on the above dialog box to return to the main model window. To view the results again, you can use the 'results' tool from the toolbox as before. Note however, this will only show you the results from the last run of the batch run. From the Reports, View Graphs menu select PQ Graph and Multi Case and select the name of the branch which has the sink attached. This will show the P-Q curve generated by the batch run. This shows the relationship between outlet pressure and outlet flowrate (performance curve of the well) - see Figure 6.17.
Figure 6.16
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Figure 6.17 You can also plot the profile plots for the horizontal well section from the batch runs by selecting Profile Graph and Multi Case and highlighting the name of the branch from the Select Plots dialog box.
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new node
Figure 6.18
IPR Original Section Static Pressure = 4000 psia Type = PSS Oil (Babu & Odeh) Ydim = 4000 ft Ywell = 3500 ft Length = 1000 ft Oil Viscosity = 0.3 cp Skin = 12.01 New Section Static Pressure = 4500 psia Type = PSS Oil (Babu & Odeh) Ydim = 4000 ft Ywell = 2500 ft Length = 500 ft Oil Viscosity = 0.25 cp Skin = 0
All other input values remain the same. The skin model should also be changed for the new section by removing the compacted zone; perforation and gravel pack data so that only a damaged zone skin is calculated (since we are flowing open hole in the new section). We do not need to enter the Fluid Model screen because we are using the default global fluid model. Close the completion data screens and return to the main model window. Select Operations and Run Model to start the simulation.
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When the simulation is completed, select Reports and View Graphs. Select Profile Graph and Single Case and select the two horizontal well section branches to plot. Click OK and you should see the plot in figure 6.19. This shows the pressure profile for the two sections of the horizontal well, first 500 ft from the toe end is annular flow and the second 1000 ft has flow only within the liner.
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Figure 6.19
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Figure 6.20 Multilateral model Case 3 Enter the following data for pressures and temperatures in the sections: Lateral1: 2900 psia 250 F Lateral2 2950 psia 250 F Lateral3 3650 psia 280 F blank 3650 psia 280 F Lateral3b 3650 psia 280 F
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Configure casing1, casing2 and tubing as follows: Casing1 RISER Height = 250 ft, ID = 4in, temp = 250 ft (leave other values as default) Casing2 same as Casing1 Tubing TVD perfs = 4000 ft, MD perfs = 4000 ft, T perfs = 250 F, T Wellhead = 60 F, Tubing config- ID = 4 in
Fluid Model Click on the Fluid Model option on the Setup menu. Select a Blackoil model and set GOR = 690 scf/STB and API = 35. Leave other values as default. IPRs The IPR dialog box will be used to create three reservoirs: res_1, res_2 and res_3. Lateral1 will be associated to res_1, Lateral2 to res_2 and the remaining sections will be associated to res_3. Select the IPR option under the Setup menu. The IPR dialog is displayed. Click on the New button to create res_1. Click on the Edit button and enter the following information for res_1: Res_1 Model = SS Oil (Joshi) Permeabilities: Kx = 80 md, Ky = 80 md, Kz = 8 md Size Rextn = 1500 ft, thick = 200 ft Well Properties Rw = 0.354 ft, Skin = 0 Fluid properties OFVF = 1.2 Oil Visc = 0.6 cp Repeat the above procedure for res_2 and res_3 with the following data: Res_2 Model = SS Oil (Joshi) Permeabilities: Kx = 85 md, Ky = 85 md, Kz = 7 md Size Rextn = 1500 ft, thick = 200 ft Well Properties Rw = 0.354 ft, Skin = 0 Fluid properties OFVF = 1.2 Oil Visc = 0.7 cp Res_3
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-48Model = SS Oil (Joshi) Permeabilities: Kx = 70 md, Ky = 70 md, Kz = 5 md Size Rextn = 2000 ft, thick = 200 ft Well Properties Rw = 0.354 ft, Skin = 0 Fluid properties OFVF = 1.2 Oil Visc = 0.5 cp Next, select Lateral1 from the Horizontal Section combo box and click on the Well Profile button in the Well Data section of the IPR dialog. Set the following length and screen-id to Lateral1 Length = 500 ft Liner/Screen ID = 3 in (Leave other values as default) Repeat the above procedure for the other remaining sections: Lateral2 Lateral3 Lateral3b blank Length = 1000 ft Length = 800 ft Length = 100 ft Length = 100 ft Liner ID = 3in Liner ID = 3in Liner ID = 5in Liner ID = 5in
Finally, sections and reservoirs must be linked. Select res_1 in the reservoirs combo and lateral1 in the sections combo and then click Add to List. Also, link the following reservoir-section pairs in the same way: res_2 lateral2 res_3 lateral3 res_3 blank res_3 lateral3b Click on the Calculate button to perform a PI calculation for all sections added to the list (Figure 6.21)
The model is ready to be run. Go to the Operations menu and click on Run Model or alternatively press Ctrl+G. The model, due to its relatively big number of injection points in the sections will take several minutes to converge. Figure 6.22 shows the resulting pressure profile plot for the three laterals.
Multilateral Heterogeneous Study
3000 2950 2900 Pressure (PSIA) 2850 2800 2750 2700 2650 2600 0
PIPESIM Plot Nov 20 1998 Licensed to: Juan Pablo (K-0001) lateral1: lat00@00: lateral2: lat01@00: laterl3b: lat04@00: blank: bla03@00: lateral3: lat02@00:
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Chapter 6: Example Cases- 51 When finished the tubing branch should look as shown in figure 6.23. The separator parameters can be entered by double clicking on the separator icon and entering the required data. When the model is then run, the appropriate phase will be removed from the fluid stream at the point where the separator is placed.
separator
Figure 6.23
Slotted
Liner_3
ICV_1
Liner_1
ICV_2
Liner_2
Sect_1a
Sect_1b
Sect_2a
Sect_2b
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-52Figure 6.24
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Figure 6.25
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Chapter 6: Example Cases- 55 6.5.3 Well Test Match Fluid Model: Fully compositional description Flow Correlations: Vertical Flow (Multiphase): Baker Jardine Revised Horizontal Flow (Multiphase): Baker Jardine Revised Horizontal Completion Profiles: LAT_A: Tubing i.d.= 5.5 in; Elev Diff=-20 ft; Roughness=0.001 in; Length=1600 ft LAT_B: Tubing i.d.= 4.5 in; Elev Diff=-40 ft; Roughness=0.001 in.; Length=2015 ft
Profile LAT_1
MD 8500 8700 8800 8900 TVD 9100 9200 9300 9400 TVD 9000 9000 9500 10000 10500 11000 11500 8500 8700 8800 8900 9000 9100 9200 9300 9400 9000
Profile LAT_2
MD 9500 10000 10500 11000 11500
Reservoir Data:
Reservoir description and calculated PI for LAT_1 Reservoir description and calculated PI for LAT_2
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LAT_A Location
TEMP (F)
PRESS LIQ RATE GAS RATE GLR W/CUT (psia) (stb/d) (mmscf/d) (scf/stb) % 3100 (3102) 4407 2330 2330 28 (28.61) 12014 28 12014 12
LAT_B Location
TEMP PRESS LIQ RATE GAS RATE GLR W/CUT (F) (psia) (stb/d) (mmscf/d) (scf/stb) (
%) WellHead 16784 Bottomhole 206 4.97 264 4099.8 2950 (2950) 1753.5 29.43 1753.5 29.43 (30.85) 16784 4.97
6.5.5. Dual Lateral Deliverability Prediction The figure below shows the wellhead pressure versus gas flowrate performance for the dual lateral well as predicted by H o s i m . Also shown on the plot are the relative contributions from the two laterals (in mmscf/d).
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LAT_1:20 LAT_2:4
2600
LAT_1:115 mmscfd LAT_2:34 mmscfd 2400 LAT_1:134 LAT_2:40 2200 25 50 75 100 125 150 175
6.5.6 Gas rate Profiles (Gas Rate at Wellhead : 25 mmscfd) The figure below shows the flowrate profile for the two horizontal (lateral) sections. (for the case of gas flowrate of 25 mmscf/d).
Gas rate profile for LAT_1 and LAT_2
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Appendix A- 59
Appendix A
Babu & Odeh Horizontal Well IPR
The Babu & Odeh pseudo steady state horizontal well IPR assumes a well in a rectangular shaped drainage volume. The position of the well relative to the boundaries of the rectangle must be defined. Below is a brief description of the of the H o s i m input screens for PSS Oil/Gas (Babu & Odeh). Xdim: Dimension of the rectangle perpendicular to the well path. Ydim: Dimension of the rectangle parallel to the well path. Thickness: Thickness of rectangle (reservoir thickness). Xwell : Position of the well (centre) relative to Xdim dimension. Ywell : Position of the well (centre) relative to Ydim dimension. Zwell : Position of the well relative to bottom of reservoir. Kx, Ky and Kz are therefore the permeabilities in the x, y and z directions.
Multiple Well Sections Note that the calculated PI for a horizontal well section in a model is calculated taking into account the position of the well section relative to its drainage volume. If a model has two or more horizontal well sections attached in series, the user can obtain the PI for the sections by following one of the two available procedures: Individually for each section: in this case the user must be careful to define the drainage volume for each well section. It is advisable to divide the total drainage volume among the well sections by dividing the total Ydim value among the individual well sections. The Ywell value must also be correctly specified for each well section to correctly reflect the geometry (See attached figure). For this option the user must access the IPR data dialog for each section separately and perform a PI calculation in each case.
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Defining general reservoir descriptions: this option is the recommended procedure to calculate PIs in multilateral configurations. The user must choose the Setup item in the main menu and select the IPR item. The displayed dialog allows the user to enter an arbitrary number of reservoir descriptions and then assign the horizontal well sections to the appropriate description. Sections connected in series and belonging to the same reservoir are transform internally to an equivalent unique section in order to produce an improved PI compared to those produced following the above option.
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Appendix A- 61
Xdim
Ydim 1 Ydim 2 Ydim 3
Section 2
Section 3
Thick
Toe Ywell 2
Ywell 3
Ywell 1
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