INDEX OF THE PROJECT List of Figures List of Tables Abbreviations Abstract

Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Chapter 2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.3.5 . 2.4 2.4.1 Introduction to the Project Introduction Project Overview Thesis Embedded Systems Intro to Embedded Systems History Tools Resources Real Time Issues Need for Embedded Systems Debugging Reliability Explanation of Embedded Systems Software Architecture Stand Alone Embedded Systems Real Time Embedded Systems Network Communication Embedded Systems Different Types of Processing Units Applications of Embedded Systems Consumer Applications

i iii iv v
01-03 02 02 03 04-17 05 06 07 07 08 08 09 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 15 15

2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5

Office Automation Industrial Automation Computer Networking Tele Communication

15 15 16 17

Chapter 3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2 . 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.2.7 3.2.8 3.2.8(a) 3.2.8(b) 3.2.8(c) 3.2.8(d) 3.2.9 3.2.10 3.2.10(a) 3.2.11 3.2.11(a)

Hardware Requisites Introduction to Block Diagram Home Section Board or Office Section ARM7-LPC2148 Micro Controller Introduction Applications of ARM Features of ARM Architecture of LPC2148 ARM7 TDMI-S Processor On-Chip Flash Memory On- Chip Static RAM Interrupt Controller Features Fast Interrupt Request Vectored IRQs Non- Vectored IRQs Pin Connect Block Fast General Purpose Parallel I/O Features of Fast GPIO 10-Bit ADC Features

18-63 19 19 20 21 21 21 22 23 24 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 27 27

3.2.12 3.2.12(a) 3.2.13 3.2.13(a) 3.2.14 3.2.14(a) 3.2.15 3.2.15(a) 3.2.16 3.2.17 3.2.17(a) 3.2.18 3.2.18(a) 3.2.18(b) 3.2.19 3.2.19(a) 3.2.19(b) 3.2.19(c) 3.2.19(d) 3.2.20 3.2.21 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.1(a) 3.3.1(b) 3.3.2 3.4

10-bit DAC Features USB 2.0 Device Controller Features UART Features I2C-bus serial I/O Controller Features General Purpose Timers Watch Dog Timer Features RTC Features RTC Interrupts System Control Crystal Oscillator Phase Locked Loop Reset and Wake Up Timer Brown out Detection Power Control APB Bus Energy Meter How energy meter does operate? Electromechanical Electronic Meter Advantages of Digital meters over Analog Meters Opto Coupler

27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 30 30 31 31 31 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 34 35 35 36

3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.3(a) 3.6.3(b) 3.6.4 3.6.4(a) 3.6.4(b) 3.6.5 3.6.6 3.6.7 3.7 3.8 3.8.1 3.8.2 3.8.3

Role of OptoCoupler Features of OptoCoupler Schematic of IC of OptoCoupler Operation of OptoCoupler E2PROM Serial Bus Parallel Bus Failure Modes Comparison of EPROM and EEPROM/Flash GSM (Global System for Mobile) GSM Carrier Frequencies Features of GSM Network Structure of GSM Identify Main Interfaces Subsystems GSM Call Routing Mobile Subscriber Routing MSISDN Routing Services Provided by GSM GSM Modems AT Commands Keypad Liquid Crystal Display Advantages of LCDs over LEDs Pin Description of LCD Different Commands Used in LCD

36 36 37 37 38 38 38 38 39 40 41 41 42 42 43 44 45 46 47 47 51 55 56 57 58 59

3.8.4 3.8.5 3.9 3.9.1 3.9.2 3.9.3 3.9.4 3.10 Chapter 4 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2 4.3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 Chapter 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 APPENDIX-1 REFERENCES

Purpose of LCD LCD Interfacing Relays Protection Diodes for Relays Reed Relays Advantages of Relay Disadvantages of Relay Power Supply Software Requisites About Keil Software Projects Simulator/Debugger Working of Keil Software Flash Magic Working of the Project Diligences of the Project Advantages Disadvantages Applications Conclusion Result Conclusion Future Scope Pin Configuration of LPC2148

60 60 61 62 62 62 62 63 65-81 66 66 66 67 75 82-84 85-86 86 86 86 87-88 88 88 88 89 99