The 11th Asian International Conference on Fluid Machinery and Paper ID: AICFM_TM_008

The 3rd Fluid Power Technology Exhibition November 21-23, 2011, IIT Madras, Chennai, India

Original Paper
A Unified Design Methodology for Micro Gas Turbine
Lal Gopal Das and Naresh Chandra Murmu
Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CMERI)
M. G. Avenue, Durgapur -713209, West Bengal, INDIA
E-mail: lgdas@cmeri.res.in/murmu@cmeri.res.in
Phone: 0343- 65352070, 6510704
Fax: 0343 2546745, 2548204
ABSTRACT
The single stage small size Inward Radial Flow (IRF) gas turbine coupled with a centrifugal compressor and an alternator
mounted on the same shaft, more popularly known as micro turbine, is widely being accepted as a promising solution for distributed
power generation. These turbines are usually found up to the power generating capacity of 250 kW utilizing natural gas, biogas and
landfill gas etc. It has the benefits of compactness, less moving components and high expansion ratio. On the other hand, the
demerits of IRF turbines lie on problem of achieving very high angular velocity (40,000 120,000 rpm) of the rotor and developing
power electronics for converting high frequency generating electricity to usable 50/60Hz. This paper deals with improved design
approach of 10 kW micro gas turbine. The improved design methodology of mechanical systems of 10 kW micro gas turbine is
comprised of design of high speed rotor of turbine supported by aerostatic bearing and housed in spiral casing. The turbine rotor has
been sized with optimum combination of specific speed and specific diameter. The technique for calculation of vane angles and
generating the vane profile has also been presented in a systematic manner. This paper addresses the unique design tool for the
turbine casing with constant mean velocity considering ease of manufacturing for such low power generating gas turbines. This
casing performs the same function of spiral casing but it obviates the problems of developing very narrow radial flow path for such
low power gas turbines. A generalized computer code has been prepared to optimize the turbine design for any arbitrary
combination of fluid thermodynamic properties and power rating. The numerical algorithms are also included in this paper. Effect
of the design parameters such as rotor size, shape and vane angles etc on the performance behavior of the turbine has also been
discussed. The systematic design methodology of aerostatic gas bearing is elaborated. This paper has been compiled with an
objective to provide a ready reference for researchers and industries for further research and development in this field.
Key words: Inward radial flow, gas turbine, scroll, volute, aerostatic gas bearing
1.0 Introduction
The inward radial flow (IRF) turbines handling compressible fluid have been widely accepted in the field of high speed turbo
Accepted for publication . Corresponding author: Lal Gopal Das , lgdas@cmeri.res.in


machineries such as turbocharger and small gas turbine for distributed electrical power generation, typically in the range of 10-
250 kW. This is because of machines simplicity, compactness, multi-fuel capability and high expansion ratio (~4:1) in single
stage.
The IRF gas turbines incepted long back for supercharging of internal combustion engine. The recent world wide trend is to
befitting the IRF gas turbine for distributed electricity generation and research programs are continuing towards the best possible
design of it.
Eminent researcher Balje[1] suggested for deciding the principal dimension of rotor based on specific speed and specific
diameter, Rohlik[2] highlighted some important dimensionless geometrical ( like rotor width ratio, b
2
/b
1
) as well as operating
parameters (ratio of rotor inlet tangential velocity and fluid absolute velocity at rotor inlet, u
2
/c
2
) with specific speed of the turbine.
Benson [3] selected some crucial dimensionless parameters ( width ratio, b
3
/b
2
, diameter ratio d
3
/d
2
, inlet with diameter ratio b
2
/d
2
)
of rotor, correlated graphically and prescribed the guidelines for choosing them. Wallace [4] derived the static temperature ratio of
the fluid at stator as well as rotor from predefined degree of reaction and the total expansion ratio. Jadeja et al.[5] initiated
developing an IRF turbo expander for cryogenic refrigeration of Nitrogen and they developed a model. Ebaid et al. [6] presented a
design methodology for the defined design variables like rotational speed, mass flow, pressure ratio , temperature, efficiency and
blade thickness etc based on an iterative method of combining some dimensionless flow parameters. Recently Ghosh [7]
conducted deep research on liquefaction of Nitrogen ; he stated that turbo-expander is not readily available in India. He presented a
design methodology for mixed flow turbo-expander for cryogenic refrigeration. The main object of this paper to present a unified
design technique of IRF gas turbine in one place which is part of the work attempted at CSIR-CMERI for developing IRF gas
turbine for distributed power generation. A simplified schematic view of the IRF turbine is shown in Figure 1 and entropy enthalpy
diagram shown in Figure 2 .The visual basic program has been developed incorporating all the equations, correlations, logics as
discussed in the paper for design optimization of the IRF turbine. The flow diagram of the computer program is attached in the
Annexure-I and a typical design input-output for 10 kW gas turbine is depicted in Annexure-II

Meridional View End View
Fig.1 A simplified arrangement of rotor and stator.





2.0 Design of Rotor
2.1 Calculation of Flow rate
Mass /volumetric flow rate through the rotor depends on the inlet temperature, expansion ratio, isentropic efficiency of the
turbine and gas characteristics. The mass flow rate is calculated equating mass flow rate multiplied by total isentropic enthalpy drop
from stator inlet to rotor outlet and considered isentropic efficiency to the required power to be developed.
Isentropic Enthalpy Drop,


s
= c
p
( I
1
I
3s
) (1)
where,
I
3s
=
I
1
r
p
k-1
k

Pr essur e r at i o, r
p
=
P
1
P
3

Mass flow rate
m =
1000 P
p
ts

s

p
1
=
P
1
RI
1

1
=
m
p
1

p
3
=
p
1
r
p
1
k

3
=
m
p
3

2.2 Rotor Type & Size
The choice of rotor type of any turbo machines (axial, radial or mixed flow) is governed by the specific speed. The researchers
have developed many empirical correlations, graphs connecting specific speed with turbine flow coefficient, power coefficient, and
specific diameter of the rotor. The Cordier diagram (Specific Diameter vs Specific Speed) [8], derived from many experimental
observation, is one of the most reliable tool in this regard. Specific Speed vs Specific Diameter of various turbo machines have been
exhaustively presented by Balje [1].
Specific Speed, 0 = 2nn

3
0.S
h
is
0.S

Specific diameter, =
2
h
is
0,2S

3
0.S

(2)
(3)
(4)


The designer needs to select judiciously these two dimensionless parameters by optimizing turbine flow rate, isentropic expansion
ratio, operating speed, rotor diameter so that turbine operates in an effective manner with optimum efficiency for the specified
application.

Fig.2 Enthalpy entropy diagram
2.3 Degree of Reaction
Degree of reaction (Re) is defined as the ratio of enthalpy drop in the rotor to enthalpy drop across rotor and stator. In the
present work static enthalpy drop has been considered. It has the governing role for the turbine blade geometry, work coefficient,
(
w
u
2
) and the flow coefficient (
c
m
u
) , where w is the specific work, u is the peripheral velocity of the rotor and c
m
is the flow
velocity. The research is being continued to select the optimum value of degree of reaction [9] for the specific application of the
turbine. The 50% reaction turbine is mostly designed for the optimum efficiency however it poses some difficulties for small IRF
turbines with high expansion ratio in single stage. The IRF turbine normally rotates at very high rpm due to high expansion ratio in
single stage and it implies that peripheral velocity of the rotor at inlet is high. The nozzle exit velocity of gas should be higher than
the rotor peripheral velocity to sustain the gas to flow from stator to rotor. In other words it can be said that absolute velocity of the
gas in the tangential direction at rotor inlet should not be less than rotor peripheral velocity (C
2
u
2
) In the present design 30%
degree of reaction has been considered. The degree of reaction for these IRF turbines has been considered below 50% i.e static
pressure drop in stator is more than that of rotor to achieve a nozzle exit gas velocity higher than peripheral velocity of the rotor at
inlet.

Re =
T
2
-T
3
T
1
-T
3

(5)



Re =
_
P
2
P
1
]
k-1
k
-_
P
3
P
1
]
k-1
k
1- _
P
3
P
1
]
k-1
k

It leads to,
[
P
2
P
1

k-1
k
= Re _1 [
P
3
P
1

k-1
k
_ + [
P
3
P
1

k-1
k

Nozzle exit velocity,
c
2
= _2c
p
I
1
_1 [
P
2
P
1

k-1
k
_

Sprouting Velocity [associated with kinetic energy equal to iso-entropic enthalpy drop from turbine nozzle inlet to rotor outlet],
c
s
= 2
s


= _2c
p
I
1
_1 [
P
3
P
1

k-1
k
_

For IRF turbine in which the relative fluid velocity is perfectly in the radial direction and the absolute velocity at the rotor exit is
also in the radial direction, the developed work per unit mass flow rate is defined as below.
w = u
2
2
=
1
2
c
s
2

u
2
c
s
= 0.707
This velocity ratio has been taken as 0.65 [4]
u
2
= 0.65 c
s

2
=
u
2
n (
N
60
, )

Calculation of rotor outlet flow rate
p
2
= p
1
p
2
p
1

2
=
m
p
2

2.4 Rotor Principal Geometry
Designing of IRF turbines needs many iterations and trial process as the rotor needs to handle the compressible fluid flow
between blade to blade flow passages in the rotating reference frame. Designer needs to judge many parameters and do iterations
and select the best possible combination of parameters referring existing literature data. In this paper a technique has been
developed to select the geometrical and operating parameters for the low kW turbine. Operating speed is selected in such a way so
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)


that specific speed falls in range of IRF turbines for the predefined expansion ratio. Rotor inlet diameter is calculated from equation
(9) and fit to equation (4) to obtain the specific diameter which has been cross checked with the Cordier diagram. Through the
iteration process the optimum inlet dia of the rotor has been selected. Specific speed vs Spefic dia curve as presented by Balje [1]
has also been referred for the turbine optimum efficiency. It is depicted in the Figure 3. The next step of designing the rotor is to
find out the blade angles of the rotor ( Figure 4)and all the angles have calculated with respect to radial direction in this paper.




2.4.1 Rotor Blade Angles
Rotor blade inlet angle
[
2
= t an
-1
c
2
sIn u
2
-u
2
c
m2

Where,
c
m2
= c
2
cos o
2

w
2
2
= u
2
2
+ c
2
2
2u
2
c
2
si n o
2

For adiabatic irreversible flow through the rotor h
0rcI

1
2
u
2
remains constant, therefore

3
+
1
2
w
3
2

1
2
u
3
2
=
2
+
1
2
w
2
2

1
2
u
2
2

w
3
2
= ( u
3
2
u
2
2
) + 2c
p
I
3
_[
p
2
p
3

k1
k
1_ + w
2
2

c
3
2
= w
3
2
+ u
3
2
2w
3
u
3
si n [
3

If
3
is considered as 0 then
Fig. 3 Meridional view of the rotor
(10)
(11)
(12)


c
m3
= c
3

c
m2
c
m3
, is normally kept between 1 to 1.3


Fig.4 Velocity triangle of the turbine


Rotor blade outlet angle
[
3
= cos
-1
_
c
m3
w
3
]
o
3
= cos
-1
_
c
m3
c
3
]
Local sonic velocity of the fluid at rotor outlet
o
2
= kRI
2

(13)


Mach Number
H
2
=
c
2
u
2

H
2
=
c
m2
o
2

2.4.2 Blade Width & Spacing
The number of blades has been estimated with Jamiesons theory [10] and same has also been cross checked with slip factor at
the rotor inlet. Wiesners slip factor [11] has been considered.
Jamiesons theory
Z
mn
= 2n t an o
2

Wiesner's slip factor

I
= 1
sin[
2
z
0.7

Inlet blade width
b
2
=

2
n
2
zt
2
coscc[
2

Dixon[ 10] suggested as per NASA design studied that ratio of rotor outlet tip diameter and inlet diameter should not exceed
0.7 to avoid excessive curvature of the shroud. He also suggested that ratio of rotor exit hub diameter and rotor tip diameter should
not fall below 0.35 to avoid flow blockage.

3t
= 0.7
2

3h
= 0.4
3t

3m
=
_
3t
2
+
3h
2
2

c
m3
=

3
n
4
(
3t
2

3h
2
) c
]

The ratio C
m2
/C
m3
is checked and it is kept in the range of 1 to 1.3 by varying the rotor exit dimension. Blade profile can be
generated by gradual variation the blade angle from inlet to outlet.
2.4.3 Blade stress
The inward radial flow gas turbine blades are subjected to combined stress arising from centrifugal forces, fluid forces acting
on the blades, high temperature and vibration. The full fledge analysis of these blade stress has not been attempted in this paper
however a simplified method for the overall blade stress [9] has been presented here
Centrifugal stress induced to the blade at the hub is obtained by integrating the elemental stress from hub to tip.
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(14)
(15)


o
ccnt
= _ r
2
p
bI

3
2nrbJr
2nrb

= p
bI

o
2
(
2
2
-
3
2
)
2

Where,
= 2n N/ 60
N in rpm
Tangential force acting on the blade by the flowing fluid
F
t
= ( c
1
si n o
1
+ c
2
si n o
2
)
m
z

Radial force on the blade by the flowing fluid
F

= ( c
1
cos o
1
c
2
cos o
2
)
m
Z

F
cq
= _F
t
2
+ F

2

The resultant force is considered to be acting through the centre of the blades. The bending stress induced to the blade is listed as
follows
Bending stress,
o
b
= F
cq

b
2Z
b

Z
b
is the section modulus of the blade at the root
Z
b
=
l
b
t
b
2
6

It is usual practice to account for the vibration stress correlating with the bending stress by a factor. The total induced tensile stress
at the root of the blades is computed as follows:
o
t
= o
ccnt
+ o
b
( 1 + o)
The factor depends on the amplitude of imposed forces, natural frequency of blade and the forcing frequency and it ranges up to
0.75.
3.0 Scroll Casing
The total mass flow rate as required by the rotor uniformly distributed all-round the rotor periphery. The mass flow rate at an
azimuth angle as depicted in Figure 5 is as defined below

m
0
= m ( 1
0
360
)

The velocity, c
i
at the turbine inlet is obtaining by applying constant angular momentum at turbine inlet and rotor inlet.
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)



c

=
r
2
c
02
r

Therefore scroll section at azimuth angle is as below
A
0
=
m
0

p
0
c

Cross sectional area at azimuth angle varying from 0 to 360
o
is obtained and the flow path is gradually converging in nature. It
is usual practice to decrease the radius of the mean flow path keeping the width constant and the flow path looks like a spiral. These
casing is popularly called as spiral casing.

Fig. 5 Scroll Casing of IRF turbine

In the design of low kW, a special design technique has been adopted in this work and it is to maintain uniform radius of
cross-sectional flow area instead of decreasing it gradually where as the width of the cross section is reduced gradually from full
flow region to minimum flow region. It obviates the difficulties of manufacturing a very narrow width spiral flow path
4.0 Design Methodology of an Aerostatic Bearing:
The bearing design[12] starts with following steps.
First step is to estimate the maximum load carrying capacity. This will involve consideration of the available gas supply
pressure and the length and diameter of the bearing. This step can often be achieved by taking design data from design chart. The
estimation of the bearing size is also dependent upon available space.


Second step involves the estimation of bearing stiffness based on estimated load capacity and mean bearing clearance. The
minimum clearance value is obtained based on available manufacturing tolerance limit.
Then the required gas flow is estimated based on chosen clearance and available supply pressure. Based on bearing size, speed,
clearance and viscosity of gas, the frictional power loss is calculated using design chart.
It is necessary to decide upon the type of feeding. This decision is usually made after considering the performance parameter like
load coefficient and manufacturing difficulties of the various alternatives.
4.1 Journal Bearing:
Assuming gas is fed from a feed hole through the slot into journal bearing clearance, the load carrying capacity for this slot
feeding journal bearing is calculated as follows:
For laminar flow of gas through slot, the pressure drop along the slot is given by following equation:
3
2 2
24
ah
l RT m
P P
a d

=

.
The mass flow rate through feed hole is given by:
) ( ) 2 (
2 / 1
0 0
K F RT A C m
D
=
Where
2 / 1
1
0
/ 2
0
1
) (
(
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|

=
+

P
P
P
P
K F
d d
and K=P
d
/P
o

Considering a bearing with two rows of feed holes, the flow through the feed hole given in equation (29) can be substituted
into equation (28) for the flow in the slot to give:
3
2 / 1
0 0 2 2
) ( ) 2 ( 24
ah
K F RT A lC RT
P P
D
a d

=
Now rearranging above equation and assuming supply temperature equal to temperature in the slot (T), following expression
for gauge pressure ratio is obtained.
3
2 / 1
1
) ( ) 2 ( 24
ah P
P
P
P
P
P
P
K AF lC RT
K
o
o
a
o
a
o
d
D
G
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=


Solving equation (31) using film thickness equation (h=h
0
(1-cos)) gives the pressure at the point where gas enter the
bearing. Then assuming that the pressure falls parabolically to the ends of the bearing and that the pressure between adjacent jets in
two rows is constant, the pressure forces of the slots on the shaft can be summed vectorially to yield the load on the shaft. For
example, there are eight holes per row in an aerostatic journal bearing as shown in Figure 6.
The radial force from each full length axial slot is obtained as follow:
(

+ =
N
lD P P
N
D l L P F
a d d r

sin ) (
3
2
2 sin ) 2 (

Resolving vertically, the total load is given by
(28)
(29)
(30)
(31)
(32)
(33)


4
cos ) ( 2
4 2 5 1

r r r r
F F F F W + =

Load value calculated by using expression (33) may be reduced due to effect of dispersion as gas flow diverges from around
the feed jet and due to non-axial flow.


Fig-6 Load capacity of aerostatic journal bearing-axial flow model.

4.2 Thrust Bearing:
Like pressure drop for laminar flow in a rectangular slot as given in equation (28), the pressure drop along the circular slot is
given by:
|
.
|

\
|
=
a
b
h
mRT
P P
a d
ln
12
3
2 2

Fig-7: Load carried by circular thrust bearing with central feed hole
Therefore, pressure distribution over the whole of the thrust plate as shown in Figure 7 is given by:
(34)



|
.
|

\
|
=
a
r
h
RT
P P
d
ln
12
3
2

The total load carried by circular thrust bearing with central feed hole is given by integrating the pressure in equation (35) over
whole of the thrust plate:
( )
( )
( ) a b
a b
P P
P b rPdr P a W
a d
b
a
a d
/ ln 2
2
2 2
2 2

=
+ =
}

5.0 Conclusion
A numerical model for deign of IRF turbine has been presented in this paper. A flow chart has also been prepared to optimize
the turbine design in a systematic manner however designers experience and logical decision are certainly precise inputs to this
design. An in depth further study and understanding the flow physics occurring in the turbine will certainly enrich this design
optimization.
Acknowledgements
The work has been carried out in CSIR Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute project. Authors are duly
acknowledge to the Director, Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, India for his kind support and
permitting to publish the results derived from the project.
Nomenclature

























Cp constant pressure Specific heat, J/kg/K
T temperature, K
k specific heat ratio
m mass flow rate, kg/s

ts
total to static efficiency
Q volume flow rate, m
3
/s
density, kg/m
3

R characteristics gas constant, J/kg/
u peripheral velocity, m/s
w relative velocity, m/s
c

tangential component of absolute velocity ,m/s

blade angle
flow angle
a local sonic velocity, m/s
M Mach number,
Z No. of blades

f
slip factor
D diameter, m
r radius, m
N rotation speed, rpm
angular speed, rad/s
h
b
length of hub, m/s
m mass flow rate, kg/s
azimuth angle, degree
P
d
static pressure at throat, N/m2
P
a
atmospheric pressure, N/m2
viscosity of gas, N-s/m2
l slot length, m
h film thickness, m
C
D
coefficient of discharge
A cross section area of
Subscripts
1 nozzle inlet
2 rotor inlet
3 rotor exit
t tip
h hub
m mean
o supply
(35)
(36)


References

[1] Balje, O.E., 1981, Turbomachines, John Wiley and Sons, London

[2] Rohlik, H.E., 1968Analytical determination of radial inflow turbine design geometry for maximum efficiency, NASA TN D-
4384

[3] Benson, R. S., 1977, Computer aided design of radial gas turbine: a method for determining the overall rotor dimension,
Computer and Fluids, vol 5, pp. 219-240

[4] Wallace, F. J., 1958, Theoretical assessment of the performance characteristics of inward radial flow gas turbines Proceedings
of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (London), vol 172 No. 33 pp 931-942

[5] Jadeja, H. T., Mitter, A and Chakraborty,1985, Turboexpander application for cryoprocessing of Nitrogen and related gasses,
Proceedings of Inetrnational Conference on Cryogenics, pp. 95-103

[6] Ebaid, M. S. Y., Bhinder, F.S. and Khdairi, G.H. , 2003, A unified approach for designing a radial flow gas turbine
Transactions of the ASME, vol 125, pp 588 - 606

[7] Ghosh, S. K. 2010, A numerical model for the design of a mixed flow cryogenic turbine, International Journal of Engineering,
Science and Technology, vol 2, No. 1, pp. 175 -191

[8] Csanady, G. T. , 1964, Theory of turbomachines, McGraw-Hill

[9] Horlock, J. H., Axial Flow Turbines - Fluid Mechanics & Thermodynamics, London Butterworths, 1966

[10] Dixon, S. L., Fluid Mechanics & Thermodynamics of Turbo machinery, Pergamon Press, 1975, pp 217 225

[11] Wiesner, F.J., 1967, A review of slip factors for centrifugal impellers, ASME J. Eng. for Power, 89, pp 558576

[12] Powell J. W., 1970,"The design of aerostatic bearings", The Machinery Publishing Co. Ltd.,England














Annexure-I
Flow Diagram for the Program


























Input Par amet er s
Fl ui d Pr oper t i es, M , R, c
p
, k
Tur bi ne Spec. P, r
p
, T
1
, P
1
,
t s
,
N
,
s
,
t b

Cal cul at e
T3i s, h
i s
, m , Ci s
Cal cul at e
Speci f i c Speed,
Sel ect
Oper at i ng Speed, N
Is within
r ange of IRF
t ur bi ne ?
Yes
No
Do you l i ke t o
cont i nue?
Yes
No
Change N
u
2
= 0.65 c
s
Cal cul at e
u
2
= 0.65 C
i s
& D
2

Cal cul at e
Speci f i c di a,
Is within range
of IRF t ur bi ne ?
( Check w i t h -
di agr am) [ 1] , [ 8] ,
End
Yes
No
End
A
































Sel ect
Degr ee of React i on, Re
Cal cul at e
[
P
2
P
1
and c
2
, M
2
, M
r 2

No
Yes
Sel ect
Nozzle exit angle ,
2

No
Yes
Cal cul at e

2
and
3

Cal cul at e
No. of bl ades i n r ot or , Z
Jamiesons theory,
Wiesner's Slip factor
Cal cul at e
b2, D3t , D3h, t
b

1.0
c
m2
c
m3
1.3
Check

Check
M
2
1.0 & M
r 2
1.0

Pr i nt
D2, b2,D3t , D3h, Z, t
b
,
2
,
2
,
3
,
3

END
A


Annexure-II
Design Input & Output
Input Data
Fluid



Hot Air
Power, kW

10
Chracteristics Gas Constant ,R, J/kg/K

287.0399779
Constant pressure Specific heat , Cp, J/kg/K

1005
Specific Heat ratio , k

1.3
Pressure ratio , r
p


3
Inlet total temperature, T
1
K

900
Inlet Pressure, P
1
, Pa

400000
total to static efficiency

0.75
Rotational speed, N, rpm

85000
Degree of Reaction mean line, Re

0.3
Nozzle efficiency

0.87
shaft material shear stress, Pa

50000000
Blade material tensile stress,Pa

170000000

Rotor Design Output Data
Fluid Hot Air
Power, P, kW 10
Isentropic Exit Temperature, T
3is
, K 698.4537
Isentropic Enthalpy drop, h
is
, J/kg 202554.1
Specific gravity of gas at nozzle entry,
1
, kg/m
3
1.548371
Specific gravity of gas at rotor entry,
2
, kg/m
3
0.877099
Specific gravity of gas at rotor exit,
3
, kg/m
3
0.665057
Volume flow rate of gas at nozzle entry, Q
1
, m
3
/s 0.042513
Volume flow rate of gas at rotor entry, Q
2
, m
3
/s 0.07505
Volume flow rate of gas at rotor exit, Q
3
, m
3
/s 0.098978
Mass flow rate, m , kg/s 0.065826
Non dimensional specific speed 0.2933
Non dimensional specific diameter 6.26826
Rotor tip peripheral velocity, u
2
, m/s 413.7127
Isentropic velocity at rotor exit, C
is
, m/s 636.481
Degree of Reaction,Re 0.3
Static pressure at nozzle exit, P
2
, N/m2 191067
Static temperature at nozzle exit, T
2
, K 758.9176
Velocity of fluid at nozzle exit, C
2
, m/s 463.2909
Mach no. at rotor inlet, M
2
0.87059
Relative Mach no. at rotor inlet, M
r2
0.297759
Meridional velocity at rotor inlet, C
m2
, m/s 158.4548


Meridional velocity at rotor exit, C
m3
, m/s 121.8883
No. of blades in rotor,Z 17.26291
rotor inlet width, b
2
, m 0.001784
rotor inlet diameter, D
2
, m 0.092957
rotor exit diameter at tip, D
3t
, m 0.046478
rotor exit diameter at mean, D
3m
, m 0.035397
rotor exit diameter at hub, D
3h
, m 0.018591

2
wrt perpendicular dirn, degree 70

2
wrt perpendicular dirn, degree 7.776122

3
at mean wrt perpendicular dirn, degree 77.18814

Design Output For Scroll Casing
Azimuth
angle,
,Degree
Fluid
density,

,
kg/m
3

Flow
rate,Q

,
m3/s
flow velocity,
C
i
, m/s
Area, m
2
Height of cross
section, m
Width,L, m
0 1.548371 0.098 102.7552448 0.000953723 0.02 0.0476861
60 1.436492333 0.081666667 102.7552448 0.000794769 0.02 0.0397384
120 1.324613667 0.065333333 102.7552448 0.000635815 0.02 0.0317908
180 1.212735 0.049 102.7552448 0.000476861 0.02 0.0238431
240 1.100856333 0.032666667 102.7552448 0.000317908 0.02 0.0158954
300 0.988977667 0.016333333 102.7552448 0.000158954 0.02 0.0079477
330 0.933038333 0.008166667 102.7552448 7.94769E-05 0.02 0.0039738
360 0.877099 0 102.7552448 0 0.02 0