Leadership

LEADERSHIP
The capacity to develop and shape organizational routines, or to maintain commitment to existing routines.

Leadership is the ability to influence the behaviour of others.

Leader
A leader is one
who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way.
- John C. Maxwell

Leadership
The ability to inspire confidence and support among the people who are needed to achieve organizational goals May be considered a long-term relationship, or partnership, between leaders and group members.

Leadership versus Management

Leadership deals with:
Change Inspiration Motivation Influence

Management deals with:

Planning Organizing Directing Controlling

Definition
Leadership is basically a personal quality which motivates individual to follower leaders. Leader tries to influence individuals to behave in a particular manner Relationship between leader and individual arises out of common goal

Leadership is a situational.
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Leadership Theories
There have been various theories by researchers, behavioral scientists. Some of the important approaches towards leadership are: Trait Approach Behavioral Approach Situational Approach Eclectic Approach.

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Group and Exchange Theories of Leadership

Fiedlers Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness Path-goal Leadership Theory

Charisma: A Relationship between the Leader and the Group Manager.

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Managerial Grid
One of the most widely known approaches of leadership styles is the managerial grid developed by Blake and Mouton. The grid identifies four leadership styles based on two factors found in the organization i.e. Task and People Orientation: Country Club Orientation Impoverished Orientation Team Orientation Task Orientation.
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The Managerial Grid

Successful Vs. Effective Leadership

An effective leader can impact the behavior of his followers. Success defines and determines the behavior of individuals/groups Effectiveness describes the internalship or predisposition of individual or group, which is essentially attitudinal in nature. Success or Effectiveness is not either or proposition but is more on a straight-line continuum.
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Leadership Skills
Leadership skills and practices recognizes the importance of skills and how the leader behaves and perform effectively. The list of critical leadership skills are: Cultural Flexibility Communication skill HRD skills Creativity Self management of learning.
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Ten Important Skills of Leaders

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Verbal communication (including listening) Managing time and stress Managing individual decisions Recognizing, defining, and solving problems Motivating and influencing others Delegating Setting goals and articulating a vision Self awareness Team building Managing Conflict.

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The Entrepreneurial Leadership Style

Entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs often use a leadership style that

Strong achievement motive High degree of enthusiasm and creativity Tendency to act quickly when opportunity arises Constant hurry Visionary perspective Dislike of hierarchy and bureaucracy Preference for dealing with external customers.

General Personality Traits of Effective Leaders

Task-Related Personality Traits of Leaders

Leadership Motives
Leaders generally have a strong desire to influence and control others This desire is evident in four needs or motives.

Leadership Motives

Cognitive Factors
Leaders must have problem-solving and intellectual skills to effectively gather, process, and store essential information Five cognitive factors related to leadership effectiveness have been identified.

Cognitive Factors and Leadership

Nature versus Nurture

Are leaders born or are they made? Both. Individuals inherit a basic capacity to develop personality traits and mental ability that sets an outer limit on how extensively these traits can be developed. Environmental influences, in turn, determine how much of an individuals potential will be developed.

Trait Approach
Strengths
Serves as a guide to leader selection Can guide individuals in preparing for leadership

Limitations
Does not identify which characteristics are absolutely needed Does not specify how much of a trait or characteristic is needed Can breed an elitist conception of leadership.

Charisma Defined
Charisma has been defined various ways Charisma is a Greek word meaning divinely inspired gift In leadership, charisma is a special quality of leaders whose purposes, powers, and extraordinary determination differentiate them from others.

Charisma : A Relationship
Key to charismatic leadership is the interaction between leader and group members Charismatic qualities must be attributed to the leader by group members Charismatic leaders use impression management to cultivate their relationships with group members

Characteristics
Visionary Masterful communication skills Ability to inspire trust Able to make group members feel capable Energy and action orientation

Emotional expressiveness and warmth Romanticize risk Unconventional strategies Self-promoting personality Dramatic and unique.

Vision in Charismatic Leadership

Vision is the ability to imagine different and better conditions and ways to achieve them A vision is a lofty, long-term goal Charismatic leaders inspire others with their vision.

Transformational Leadership
The transformational leader helps bring about major, positive changes Transformational leaders move group members beyond their self-interests for the good of the group, organization, or society

How Transformations Take Place

A Model of Power and Influence

Creativity and Innovation

Creativity is the production of novel and useful ideas Innovation refers to the creation of new ideas and their implementation Organizational creativity is the creation of a valuable, useful new product, service, idea, procedure, or process by individuals working together in a complex social system.

Steps in the Creative Process

Characteristics of Creative Leaders

Componential Theory of Individual Creativity

Creativity takes place when three components join together
Expertise: the necessary knowledge to put facts together Creative thinking: the ability to imaginatively solve problems Task motivation: persevering or sticking with a problem to a conclusion

Concepts of Creative Thinking

A creative person thinks outside the box People who are not creative suffer from hardening of the categories To be creative, one must develop new paradigms Creativity requires overcoming traditional mental sets Creative people engage in lateral thinking in addition to vertical thinking

Vertical and Lateral Thinking

Source: From Becoming a Master Manager: A Competency Framework, by Robert E. Quinn, Sue R. Faerman, Michael P. Thompson, and Michael R. McGrath, Copyright 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This material is used by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Organizational Methods to Enhance Creativity

Systematically collecting fresh ideas Brainstorming Using the pet-peeve technique Using the forced-association technique Equipping a kitchen for the mind Engaging in playful physical activities

Self-Help Techniques to Enhance Creative Problem-Solving

Practicing creativity-enhancing exercises Staying alert to opportunities Using multiple senses when seeking solutions Maintaining an enthusiastic attitude Speaking to lead users Maintaining and using an idea notebook Playing the roles of explorer, artist, judge, and lawyer

Leadership Practices for Enhancing Creativity

Intellectual challenge Freedom to choose the method Ample supply of the right resources Effective design of work groups Supervisory encouragement Organizational support

Methods of Managing Creative Workers

Give creative people tools and resources that allow their work to stand out Give creative people flexibility and a minimum amount of structure Employ creative people to manage and evaluate creative workers

Leadership Initiatives to Enhance Innovation

Continually pursue innovation Take risks and encourage risk-taking Acquire innovative companies Avoid innovation for its own sake

Global Leadership Skills

Cultural sensitivity Culturally adventurous Good command of a second language.

The Multicultural Organization

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Corporates similar individuals are citizens of the society in which they exists and hence there is a need for them to be socially responsible. CSR is concerned with the relationship of enterprise with various stake holders Involves establishment of dialogue between the enterprise and stake holder Need for upholding of values and ethics by the corporate leaders Dilemma between Social Responsibility Vs. Business Reality need to balance.

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