1.??

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-
-
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2.?

3.
C3H6+ H2O =>CH3CH2(OH)CH3
CH3CH(OH)CH3=>H2O+(CH3)2CO
(CH3)2CO+2C6H5(OH)=>(BisphnolA)
+COCl2()=>PC
4.ABS ???
AN+Butadiene+Styrene
C3H6+1.5O2+NH3=>CH2=CHCN(AN)+3H2O
5. TDI??
C6H5CH3+H2SO4/HNO3=>C6H3CH3(NO2)2+H2O
C6H3CH3(NO2)2+6H2=> C6H3CH3(NH2)2+4H2O
C6H3CH3(NH2)2+ COCl2()=> C6H3CH3(NHCOCl)2
C6H3CH3(NHCOCl)2=> C6H3CH3(N=C=O)2(TDI)+2HCl
6. PVA??

PU

CH2CH2+CH3COOH+O2=>CH3COOCHCH2(VAc)+H2O
Polymerized=>PVAc(Polyvinylacetate)
PVAc+H2O=>PVA(Polyvinylalcohol)+CH3COOH
PVA+RCHO()=>Polyvinyl butyral
7. PVC??
CH2=CH2+Cl2=>ClCH2CH2Cl
ClCH2CH2Cl=>ClCH=CH2(VCM, Vinylchloride monomer)+HCl
Polymerized=>PVC
8. PET?PET
CH3(C6H4)CH3+3O2=>(KMnO4 catalyst) COOH(C6H4)COOH(TPA,Terephthalic acid)+2H2O
CH2=CH2+1/2O2=>(Ag catalyst)CH2OCH2
CH2OCH2+H2O=>CH2OHCH2OH(EG,Ethylene glycol)
Polymerized=>PET
9.??
?
Ca3(PO4)2+3H2SO4+6H2O=>3CaSO42H2O+2H3PO4

+=>=> =>
2Ca3(PO4)2+6SiO2+10C=>P4+6CaSiO3+10CO
P4+5O2=>2P2O5
P2O5+3H2O=>2H3PO4
=>=>=>
STPP
2HNa2PO4+NaH2PO4=> Na2PO4 NaPO2Na2PO4(STPP)
10. Solvay Process Sodium Carbonate?
CaCO3=>CaO+CO2
CaO+H2O=>Ca(OH)2
2NH3+2H2O=>2NH4OH
2NH4OH+2CO2=>2NH4HCO3
2NH4HCO3+2NaCl=>2NaHCO3+2NH4Cl
2NaHCO3=>Na2CO3+CO2+H2O
2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2=>2NH3+CaCl2+2H2O
Overall: CaCO3+2NaCl=> CaCl2+Na2CO3
11.
S+O2=>SO2
SO2+1/2O2=>SO3
SO3+H2O=>H2SO4
1. KMnO4 K2Cr2O7 2. SO3

12.???
?


C4C12

13.??
CH4+2H2O=>4H2+O2
3H2+N2=>2NH3

14.(SiO2)?
SiO2+C=>SiO+CO
SiO+2C=>SiC+CO

2SiC+SiO2=>3Si(MG Silicon)+2CO in ~2000

Si+3HCl=>SiHCl3+H2
about 300
SiHCl3+H2=>Si(EG Silicon)+3HCl about 1000
15.

16.(primary energy)(secondary
energy)

17. renewable energy

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.What is PC (a plastic)? Starting from the raw materials produced in
petrochemical processes , what are the series reactions and processes
for making PC? During the PC production, which chemical is very toxic?
The properties and the applications of PC?
If a drinking-water container is made of PC, which chemical may leach
out from PC to water? What is the problem?
C3H6+ H2O =>CH3CH2(OH)CH3
CH3CH2(OH)CH3=>H2O+(CH3)2CO
(CH3)2CO+2C6H5(OH)=>(Bisphnol A)
+COCl2()=>PC
Bisphenol A COCl2

CD
Bisphenol A
2.Starting from the raw materials produced in petrochemical processes,
what are the series reactions and processes for making Nylon 6? what are
the properties and the applications of Nylon6?
+=>
N2


3.What is Kevlar()? How to make it? what are the properties and the
applications of Kevlar
NH2(C6H4)NH2+ClC=O(C6H4)C=OCl (-HCl)
Polymerized=>Kevlar



4.Starting from lactic acid , what are the reactions and the processes for
making PLA? what are the processes for making lactic acid? what are
applications of PLA?
C6H12O6=>2HOCH3CHCOOH
Homo lactic
C6H12O6=>HOCH3CHCOOH+C2H5OH+CO2
Heter lactic
2HOCH3CHCOOH=>+2H2O
=>=>PLA

5.What is powder coating? If the material for powder coating is made of

polyester, describe the major processes for making polyester.

Green process
6.In the modern world, what is the process for making ammonia? What are
the processes for making the reactants for ammonia synthesis? What are
the applications of ammonia?
CH4+2H2O=>4H2+O2
3H2+N2=>2NH3

7.How to make sulfuric acid from mine containing sulfur compounds?
How to make high purity sulfur from H 2S? In USA , the annual production
amount of sulfuric acid and that of nitrogen are more than that of ethylene
(the production amount of which generally reflects the size of petrochemical
industry). Why is that?

S+O2=>SO2
SO2+1/2O2=>SO3
SO3+H2O=>H2SO4
Claus sulfur process
H2S+1.5O2=>SO2+H2O
SO2+2H2S=>3S+2H2O
Overall: 3H2S+1.5O2=>3S+3H2O
,,
,
8. What are the major processes used in petroleum industry? What is the
purpose of each process? What are the raw materials at the inlet and the

major product at the outlet of a naphtha cracker?

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(naphtha) =>
9.How to make gasoline from coal? Is the price of gasoline from coal
generally more expensive or cheaper than that from petroleum? why?

Yes
10.How to reduce CO2 emission on earth? Why they are works? Why it can save
raw materials and energy for the next generation, just by reducing CO2
emission?