Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012 Common errors Ex 4 1) Unluckiest people IN the World Superlative + NOUN + IN THE

WORLD - used for general emphasis Theres nothing in the world we can do about it. We have all the time in the world.

All over the world: everywhere in the world .

-[SINGULAR]

society in general, in all countries We want to guarantee our children a safer world. all over the world/throughout the world: The sameproblems are faced by children throughout the world. the whole world: The terrorists pose a threat to the wholeworld. 3) Caught fire - to start burning The car overturned and caught fire. (state) on fire burning The building was still on fire three hours later. Be careful here .... it depends of the tense ..... 4) She was very badly INJURED in a car accident.

Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012 Injured: /nd(r)d/ adj Damaged dmd/ verb Wounded (adj) Wrecked (adj)
rekt/

-hurt in an accident or attack. People are hurt or injured( badly hurt). Peter brushed aside worries ab out his injured knee. The injured man was taken to h ospital. seriously injured: a seriously injured patient

-to harm something physically so that it is brok en, spoiled, or injured. - is used in connection of things or parts of your body.(Not People) People are hurt or injured. You DO/CAUSE DAMAGE to sth... never make or produce Many buildings and cars had been damaged in the blast. Jogging on roads can damage your knees. badly/severely/seriously/extensively damage: The househad been severely dama ged by fire. irreparably/permanently damage: Environmentalists argue that the scheme would irrepa rably damage the islands ecology. When damage means harm or injury it is an uncountable noun, and so: it is never used in the plural it never comes after a or a number These toxins can cause damages to the lungs

-injured, especially with a cut in your flesh He could barely move hi s wounded arm. The wounded men were taken to hospital.

very badly damaged or destroyed a wrecked car/ship /building a wrecked career/ marriage

Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012

and brains. These toxins can cause damage to the lungs and brains. They should consider the serious damages that their decisions may cause. They should consider the serious damage that their decisions may cause. A great damage has been done to agriculture, forests, and peoples health. Great damage has been done to agriculture, forests, and peoples health. The plural form damages is a specialized legal term meaning money that a court orders you to pay someone because you have harmed them or their property. Mr Galloway was awarded substantial damages.

Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012 6) Buglars broke into her flat and STOLE all her money. Robbed: -to take money or property illegally from a person or place, often using threats or violence They were planning to rob the museum. -rob someone of something: Daniel was robbed of his car,briefcase, and mobile phone. -rob someone at knifepoint/gunpoint: Mr Davies was robbed at knife point.

Stole: - to take something that belongs to someone else without permission They were jailed for three years for stealing cars. steal from: Johnny was accused of stealing from the shop. steal something from someone/something: She was caught stealing food from the supermarket. Seized: /siz/ -to suddenly and firmly hold someone by a part of their body orclothing Listen, he said, seizing my wrist. seize someone by something: Before he could run away,she seized him by the collar. -to take something or someone away in an illegal and violent way Robbers tied up security guards and seized the money.

Rob - steal (diferencias)

Rob -Se utiliza con la idea de robar un banco y tambin con la idea de estafar. La estructura para "rob" es: -"You rob somebody of something." Le "robas" a alguien algo. 4

Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012 -I was robbed "of "all my ready cash. Robaron todo el "dinero". -The robbers went into the bank and demanded money at gunpoint. Los atracadores entraron al banco y pidieron todo el dinero a punta de pistola. -They robbed me of my bag. Me robaron el bolso. -They are guilty of robbery. Son culpables de robo. -You paid too much for this sweater, I think you were robbed.(to be robbed:te robaron en el precio). Pagaste demasiado por este jersey, creo que es un robo. -Gangs have been robbing passengers on trains. Las bandas organizadas han estado robando a los pasajeros de trenes. Steal -Steal, se utiliza con la idea de robar (sustraer) objetos o dinero. Para steal la estructura sera: And you steal something "from" a place or person. Sustraes algo de un lugar o de una persona. - The thieves stole money from the bank. Los ladrones sustrajeron dinero del banco. - They stole my bag from me. Me robaron el bolso. - I lost my addres book when that man/ robbed me of my bag//stole my bag from me. (cambia la preposicin) Perd mi libreta de direcciones cuando un hombre me rob el bolso. - My handbag has been stolen. Me robaron el bolso. Theft es la palabra general para decir que una persona "steals something". Ejemplo: He is guilty of "theft." l es culpable de robo. - Burglar (housebreaker) is a thief that breaks into a house in order to steal. Un "burglar" es un ladrn que entra en una casa a robar. Por tanto, "burglary" es "robo con allanamiento de morada. Ejemplo: He is guilty of Burglary. l es culpable de robo con allanamiento de morada. Ejemplo: Our house was burgled while we were away. Entraron a robar en casa cuando no estbamos. 5

Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012 Otro robo es el carterista: the pickpocket Otro es el ladrn de tiendas: the shoplifter. Otro que roba personas=raptar: the kidnapper. Ejercicios con rob/steal 1. They have ________ me. 2. I was ______my cheque-book. 3. Someone has ______my watch. 4. They ______the bank. 5.They ______plenty of money ______us. Soluciones: 1. They have robbed me. Me han robado. 2. I was robbed of my cheque-book. Me robaron los cheques. 3. Someone has stolen my watch. Alguien me ha robado my reloj. 4. They robbed the bank. Ellos atracaron el banco. 5. They stole plenty of money from us. Nos robaron dinero de sobra. About rob vs steal

When you rob a bank, you steal its money. You cant rob the money itself. The stuff taken in a robbery is always stolen, not robbed.
-rob Meaning(s) (v) take something away by force or without the consent of the owner (v) rip off; ask an unreasonable price -steal Meaning(s) (v) take without the owner's consent (n) an advantageous purchase (v) move stealthily (n) a stolen base; an instance in which a base runner advances safely during the delivery of a pitch (without the help of a hit or walk or passed ball or wild pitch) (v) steal a base

rob (rb)
v. robbed, robbing, robs v.tr. 1. Law To take property from (a person) illegally by using or threatening to use violence or force; commit robbery upon. 2. To take valuable or desired articles unlawfully from: rob a bank. 3. a. To deprive unjustly of something belonging to, desired by, or legally due (someone): robbed her of her professional standing. b. To deprive of something injuriously: a parasite that robs a tree of its sap. 4. To take as booty; steal. v.intr. To engage in or commit robbery. 6

Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012 Idioms: rob (someone) blind To rob in an unusually deceitful or thorough way: robbed the old couple blind while employed as a companion. -rob the cradle (Informal) To have a romantic or sexual relationship with someone significantly younger than oneself.

steal (stl)
v. stole (stl), stolen (stln), stealing, steals v.tr. 1. To take (the property of another) without right or permission. 2. To present or use (someone else's words or ideas) as one's own. 3. To get or take secretly or artfully: steal a look at a diary; steal the puck from an opponent. 4. To give or enjoy (a kiss) that is unexpected or unnoticed. 5. To draw attention unexpectedly in (an entertainment), especially by being the outstanding performer: The magician's assistant stole the show with her comic antics. 6. Baseball To advance safely to (another base) during the delivery of a pitch, without the aid of a base hit, walk, passed ball, or wild pitch. v.intr. 1. To commit theft. 2. To move, happen, or elapse stealthily or unobtrusively. 3. Baseball To steal a base. n. 1. The act of stealing. 2. Slang A bargain. 3. Baseball A stolen base. 4. Basketball An act of gaining possession of the ball from an opponent. Idiom: steal (someone's) thunder To use, appropriate, or preempt the use of another's idea, especially to one's own advantage and without consent by the originator. [Middle English stelen, from Old English stelan.] stealer n. Synonyms: steal, purloin, filch, snitch, pilfer, cop2, hook, swipe, lift, pinch These verbs mean to take another's property wrongfully, often surreptitiously. Steal is the most general: stole a car; steals research from colleagues. To purloin is to make off with something, often in a breach of trust: purloined the key to his cousin's safe-deposit box. Filch ( /flt/ ) and snitch often suggest that what is stolen is of little value, while pilfer sometimes connotes theft of or in small quantities: filched towels from the hotel; snitch a cookie; pilfered (plf(r)) fruit from the farmer. Cop, hook, and swipe frequently connote quick, furtive snatching or seizing: copped a necklace from the counter; planning to hook a fur coat; swiped a magazine from the rack. To lift is to take something surreptitiously and keep it for oneself: a pickpocket who lifts wallets on the subway. Pinch suggests stealing something by or as if by picking it up between the thumb and the fingers: pinched a dollar from his mother's purse. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin 7

Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012 Company. All rights reserved.

12) They REFUSE to enter competitions ...

The opposite of 'deny' would be 'admit'

Deny /dna/

To 'refuse' is the opposite of to 'accept' -to say you will not do something that someone has asked you to do

Refuse /rfjuz/

to say that you did not do something that someone has accused you of doing deny (that): A spokesman denied that the company had acted irresponsibly. deny (doing) something: He still denies murdering his wife. deny an allegation/accusation/claim/charge: Both men have denied the allegations. vehemently/strenuously/categorically/hotly deny something: All three athletes vehemently denytaking the drug. -The main meaning of 'deny' is to say that something is not true.

Mum asked him to apologize, but he refused. refuse to do something: How could he refuse to help hisown son? flatly refuse (=refuse in a firm and sometimes impolite way): Senior executives flatly refused to comment as theyleft the meeting.

if you refuse to do something you choose not to do it, or say firmly that you will not do it.
-

You could also refuse something, which means that you don't accept it. For example: "I offered him a cold drink but he refused it"

'Deny'

also has a less common use, which is quite similar to 'refuse' - if you deny somebody something, you 'refuse' to give it to them - for example:
"The guards denied their prisoners food and water"

Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012

Avoid /vd/
to try to prevent something from happening
Try to avoid confrontation. avoid doing something: I want to avoid being drawn intothe argument.

Reject /rd ekt/

'Reject' is quite similar to 'refuse' - the opposite of both would be 'accept'. If you reject a proposal or a request, for instance, you decide not to agree with it... "Judge Dread rejected the lawyer's request for more time to study the case"

to choose not to do something in order to achieve a better result

When taking this medication it is advisable to avoid alcohol . avoid doing something: Where possible, we have avoided using technical terms.

to choose not to do something because it is unpleasant or not convenient

He dislikes work and will avoid it whenever he can. avoid doing something: Shes just avoiding having to go back to work.

If you reject a belief or a theory, you decide that you do not believe in it and you do not wish to follow it... "The rebels rejected the authority of the central government." 'Reject' often carries the added meaning that you don't think something is good enough - if an employer rejects a job applicant, or a machine rejects a credit card it is because something is considered unsuitable, invalid or wrong in some way. If someone rejects a lover, their family or friends, they behave with cruelty or indifference towards them and perhaps do not want to see them any more.

Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012

Ex 5
Travel
The word 'travel' is used to talk about going from one place to another. It can be a verb, a noun or an adjective. verb : Tom travels a lot in his job. noun : Travel nowadays is faster and less expensive than before. adjective : There is a travel agency beside the bank.

Journey /d(r)ni/
A journey is the distance covered in travelling from one place to another. 'Journey' can refer to a long distance or a short regular one. The journey was long and tiring; it took us 5 hours to get there. Did you have a good journey? Yes, it was quite pleasant. How long is your journey to work? Just about 20 minutes.

Tour
A tour is a journey during which several places are visited, especially on a holiday. The word 'tour' can be a noun or a verb. noun : We went on a tour of Italy. verb: We toured the north of India.

Trip
The word 'trip' is used to talk about a short journey somewhere for a purpose, business or pleasure. For our wedding anniversary, we went on a trip to Venice. My boss is often away on business trips. During our holiday, we took a boat trip to the islands.

Voyage /vd/
A voyage is a long journey by sea or in space. Before the 20th century, long sea voyages were common. A spacecraft will take you on a voyage through space.

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Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012 Ex 6 P5 Cause /kz/ an event, thing, or person that makes something happen The major cause of these accidents is drivers going toofast. an essay on the causes of the First World War

Make

Die (/da/)- Dead ( /ded/ )- Died (da d)

Die is also a verb. It is the base form of the verb and present tense. It means when a life is finished. So, you could say- Someday everyone will die. Or I don't want to die. The past tense of die is died. You could say The dog died. Or My grandfather died last year. Dead is an adjective. It describes a noun. For example- That is a dead mouse. Or The monster is dead. The monster= subject Is =verb Dead= adjective. Note: Another (more polite or respectful) way to say die is pass away. For example, instead of saying My grandfather died last year, you could say My grandfather passed away last year. Dead is the adjective: He's dead. Death is the noun: At the end of our lives we can only expect death. //Funeral= death party. Die is the infinitive; died is the past and past participle; dying is the gerund. Many people died on the roads last Easter.

no sooner... than
-used for saying that something happens immediately after something else. No sooner had I walked in the door than the phone rang.

Correlative conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs, in order to show the relationship between the ideas expressed in different parts of a sentence. For instance, in the following example, the expression either ... or is used to indicate that the ideas expressed in the two clauses 11

Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012 represent two alternative choices of action. e.g. Either you should study harder, or you should take a different course. The most commonly used correlative conjunctions are both ... and, either ... or and neither ... nor. In the table below, each pair of correlative conjunctions is accompanied by an example of its use. Note that in the construction if ... then, the word then can usually be omitted.

Correlative Conjunctions both ... and He is both intelligent and good-natured. either ... or I will either go for a walk or read a book. neither ... nor He is neither rich nor famous. hardly ... when He had hardly begun to work, when he was interrupted. if ... then If that is true, then what happened is not surprising. no sooner ... than No sooner had I reached the corner, than the bus came. not only ... but also She is not only clever, but also hard-working. rather ... than I would rather go swimming than go to the library. scarcely ... when Scarcely had we left home, when it started to rain. What with all her aunts, uncles and cousins, she has many what with ... and relatives. whether ... or Have you decided whether you will come or not?

Work vs Job
Work is an activity in which you use effort or energy, normally to achieve a particular aim or task, rather than for fun or enjoyment. It is essentially the opposite of play, and to work means to do such an activity. Generally, we work in order to earn money, and this is often how we use the verb; to describe what we do to earn money. For example: I work for the BBC. David works in a caf. In these examples, we do not know exactly what the persons duties or responsibilities are. David works in a caf, but we do not know if he cleans the tables or cooks the food.

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Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012 So, in this sense, work has a very general meaning, whereas job is much more specific, and its most common meaning is the name for the work that you do to earn money. For example, David has now got a new job. He is a cook in a small restaurant. In this example, we now know exactly what David does because we know what his job is. To summarise, we can say that the word job refers to a particular employment role or position, such as cook, teacher or banker, whereas work refers in a more general way to activities that you do. Interestingly, all jobs involve work but doing work isnt always part of a job. For example, someone can spend the weekend working in their garden, perhaps cutting the grass or planting new flowers. However, this is a free time activity, and so it is not his or her job. As a verb, work does have other meanings, such as, if you describe how a machine works, you explain how it functions, or operates. For example, Can someone show me how the photocopier works? I dont know how to use it. Similarly, you can use it to say if the machine is functioning correctly. For example, Dont try to use that computer. It doesnt work. We are waiting for the engineer to fix it. Finally, although your job is the name for what you do to earn money, it can also refer to a specific task that you have to do; a task that requires work and a task that you can specifically identify. For example, I have a few jobs to do at home this weekend. I need to paint my bedroom, fix a broken door and cut the grass.

RECENTLY VS LATELY
Recently /ris()ntli/ -at a time that was not long ago, or that started not long ago She only recently discovered the truth. Hes been back to America fairly recently. Recently, though, she seems to have run out of energy. Lately

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Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012 -within the recent past Have you seen either of them lately? Once or twice lately Katys mentioned him.
(a) - Lately can go at the beginning or end of the sentence, but not before the verb; recently can go in any of those positions. (b) - Lately goes with states and activities, but not events.Recently goes with any of those -- states, activities, or events. (c) - We can not also use lately with positive verbs (d) - We cannot use recently with negative verbs

Lay /le/ what?????? Do44 -Put sth somewhere Laid past Ing. Laying Lay is a transitive verb, which means that it must be used with a direct object. The past tense of lay is laid. Please lay the books on the table. I laid the books on the table. Have you ever seen a chicken lay an egg? The chicken just laid two eggs. "Now I lay me down to sleep..." He laid himself down to sleep.

Lie /la/

verb, lay,lain, lying, noun verb (used without object)

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Commo errors Ihona winiger Utn 2012 1. to be in a horizontal, recumbent, or prostrate position, ason a bed or the ground; recline. 2. (of objects) to rest in a horizontal or flat position: The booklies on the table. 3. to be or remain in a position or state of inactivity,subjection, restraint, concealment, etc.: t o lie in ambush. 4. to rest, press, or weigh (usually followed by on or upon ):These things lie upon my mind. 5. to depend (usually followed by on or upon ).
Lie is an intransitive verb, which means it cannot have a direct object. The past tense of lie is lay. Lie down next to me. I lay down next to her. I just want to lie in bed all day. Yesterday, he lay in bed all day. Don't lie on the floor! I lay on the floor last week and you didn't say anything. Lie (past participle lied) means to say something untrue. Don't lie to me. He lied about where he got the money.

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