England France Spain Germany Italy

0
0.
1 Alaric the Visigoth
768 412
ended the Old HRE
768-814 3 3 Realms
lorrain 3 Realms Saxon Kings
Realms Charlemaigne/Lorrain

Cluny Reform Movement. A

reform movement was born
in east-central France. the
Cluny Reformers taught that
the pope in Rome was the
sole ruler over all the clergy.
They further denounced the
transgression of ascetic piety
910

by "secular" parish clergy,

who maintained concubines
in a relationship akin to
marriage. the reformers were
dispatched throughout france
and Italy, and in the late
eleventh century the papacy
embraced their reforms.

Henry I "the Fowler"

becomes the first non-
918

frankish king of
Germany
Otto I "Otto the Great",
Henry's son invades
Italy, enlists church to
help secure power.
CHURCH IS UNDER
THE STATE. Begins to
Otto I proclaims
962

appoint bishops,
himself king of Italy
abbots, and royal
princes. Pope John XII
crowns him Holy
Roman Emperor. Now
the pope rules at the
emperor's pleasure.
Battle of
Hastings. William. Gain control of
1066

Harold. LOSE
Bayeux England WIN
tapestry
 Pope Gregory VII
Investiture struggle. Gregory tries to limit the
1075 VII vs. Henry IV. Centered power of European
on authority to appoint and leaders and thereby
control clergy protect the church
from their influence
Henry IV gatheres bishops
1076

and declared independence

from gregory.
Pope excomunicates all
subjects loyal to henry.
Henry Backs down and
1077

Concordand stood in snow for 3 days

of Worms outside Gregory's castle until
the pope absolved him.
PINNACLE OF PAPAL
POWER
Investiture Struggle settled
with the Concordat of
Worms. Emperor Henry V
formally renounces his
power to invels bishops with
ring and staff. In exchange,
Pope Calixtus II recognized
the emperor's right to be
1122

present and to invest

bishops with fiefs before or
after their investment with
ring and staff by the church.
the emperor also effectively
retained the right to
nominate or veto a
candidate.
1215 1214

Battle of
LOSE WIN LOSE
Bovines
Magna Carta. Signed by King
Louis IX abolishes serfdom &
John. King would have to follow
better taxes
Laws. 3rd Crusade
Germany breaks up.
Hohenstaufens…
1257

Frederick II Barbosa,
ward of Pope innocent.
Clericos Laicos. Pope
Boniface VIII. Papal
1296

bull forbiding taxing

clergy without papal
approval.
 Unam Sanctum.
Temporal authority to
1302 spiritual power of
church
Edward III grandson of french
king phillip "the fair" claims
1337-1456 french throne. Long history of Under Henry VI, victories
1337

Hundred struggle between England and between 1429-1453. Joan of

Year's War France… became a struggle for Arc
National Identity. Most victories
were English.

Black
entered from Black
Plague.
Black Plague. 20% decrease in Black Plague. 75-80% Black Plague. 75-80% 20% decrease in Sea. 75-80%
1348

Came from
Population decrease in Population decreas in Population Population decrease in
rats from the
population.
black sea
1455 1454 1434 1415 1412 1409 1378

1378-1415 Great Schism Great Schism Great Schism Great Schism Great Schism
Council at Pisa
elected a 3rd pope
Joan of Arc. Executed for
1412-1432 Heresy. Charles VII did
nothing to protect.
Battle at Agincourt. St.
Crispins day.
Medici rule in
Florence established
by Cosimo de' Medici
First Printed Bible
War of Roses. House of
Lancaster (red). House of York
(white)
1473
1494 1492

Columbus
 League of Venice.
Florence &naples
1495 prepare to attack
Milan
New Pope comes
1503

into power. Julius II

The Holy League
(Pope Julius II,
Ferdinand of Aragon,
1512

Defeated by the Holy League

Emperor Maximilian I,
and Venice) defeat
the French
Concordant of
1516

Concordat of Bologna
Bologna
1517-1555
1517

Protestant
Reformation
Luther's 95 theses
1517

posted
Conquest of the
Aztecs by Cortes;
Aztec ruler,
1519

montezuma killed;
Tenochtitlán
destroyed
charles V becomes
1519

HRE
Luther
excommunicated.
Condemned by Diet of
1521

Worms. 1521-1522
Luther translated the
New Testament into
German
Edict of Worms "so as
to be able to answer in
1521-1559 good conscience to
1521

Hapsburgs Valois Hapsburgs. God and the emperor"

and Valois Charles needed
German princes and
troops
25 German peasants
1524

fought for release from

serfdom
1531 1529 1527
Sack of Rome
Reformation Parliament
convenes
Act of Supremacy declares
Herny VIII as head of the
Church of England
Reformation Parliament passes
Submission of the Clergy,
1533

submitting clergy to royal

jurisdiction
1533-1584 Ivan the
1533

Terrible of Russia
reigns
Act of Succession makes Anne
1534

Boleyn's children legitamate

heirs to the English throne
Henry VIII imposes the Six
Articles, condemning
1539

Protestantism and reasserting

traditional doctrine.
Jesuit Order founded
1543 1540

by Ignatius Loyola
1543-1727
Scientific
Revolution
1545-1563 Council
of Trent istitutes
1545

reforms and
responds to the
Reformation
First Act of Uniformity imposes
1553 1549

Book of Common Prayer on

English Churches
1553-1558 Mary Tudor
restores Catholic doctrine
Peace at Augsberg.
Recognizes rights of
1555

Lutherans to worship
as they please.
1556-1598 Philip II
1558 1556

of Spain reigns
1558-1603 Elizabeth I of
England reigns
1561

1562-1598 French Wars of

1589 1588 1562

Religion
Defeat of the Spanish
Armada
Henry IV, Navarre, founds
Bourbon dynasty of France
1596

1618-1648
1618

Thirty Years'
War
1632

1642-1646 Puritan Revolution

1688 1682 1643 1642

in England
1643-1715 Louis XIV reigns

Glorious Revolution

1689-1755 Montesquieu--
Spirit of the Laws (1748). No
single set of political laws
can apply to all people and
all palces at the same tame.
1689

Sociology. Tempered
monarchy. Division of power:
executive, legislative,
judicial--checks and
balances
 1694-1778 Voltaire--
Candide(1759) attacked war,
1694 religious prosecution and
optimism about human
condition
Act of Settlement provides for
1722 1702 1701

Protestant succession to
English Throne
1702-1713 War of
Spanish Succession

1723-1790 Adam Smith--

Wealth of Nations. Abolish
1723

mercantile system. Laissez-

faire economics. Minimal
government interferance.
1750 1740

Industrial Revolution
jean Calas, huguenot,
sentenced to death for
alleged murder of son to
1762

prevent him from converting

to catholocism. Voltaire
wrote Treaties on Toleration
1793 1790 1789 1785 1772 1762

First Revolution
Other
1473-1543 Copernicus--Polish
astronomer. Published On the
Revolution of the Heavenly
Spheres. Said that planets were
orbiting in a circular manner.
 1501-1622 Francis Bacon--
empirical examination.
Experiment and observation
derived from sensory evidence

1598-1650 Rene Descartes--

analytical geometry. Separated
world into 2 categories: things
thought, and theings occupying
space. "cogito ergo sum" I think
therefore I am.

1632-1704 John Locke--essay

concerning human understanding.
Tabula Rasa-clean slate. All
knowledge derived from sensory
experiment.

1682-1725 Peter the Great of

Russia reigns
 Encyclopedia with input from
philosophes first published

1740-1748 War of Austrian

Succession

1762-1796 Catherine the Great

of Russia married Peter III of
Russia, who "dissapeared"
First Partition of Poland
Charter of Nobility-- noble rights
and privileges.

Joseph II of Austria gives freedom

of worship and abolishes serfdom
1793 and 1795 Last two
partitions of Poland