Brighton Hove and Sussex Sixth Form College

7B VENTILATION AND CONTROL OF

HEART RATE
self-marked
41 min
37 marks

(a) A study was carried out to investigate the effects of training on the ventilation rate
of the lungs during excercise. The graph below shows the effect of a five minute period of
exercise on the ventilation rate of two individuals. One individual has followed a training
programme and the other individual has not.

V e n tila tio n r a te / d m

m in

1.

0
0

T r a i n e d
i n d i v i d u

a l

U
n t r a i n e d
i n d i v i d u a l

Brighton Hove and Sussex Sixth Form College

2
i m

4
/

i n

(i)

Compare the effects of this exercise on the ventilation rate of the two individuals.
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(2)

(ii)

Suggest what other information would be needed to allow a valid comparison to be

made of the effect of a training programme on ventilation rate.
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(3)

Brighton Hove and Sussex Sixth Form College

(b)

An athlete was having difficulties with the control of his ventilation rate.
The diagram below shows four nerves labelled A, B, C and D involved in the control of
ventilation.

N
N

e r v
e r v

e r v

A
N

F
h

r o m A
e a r t

T o
o d

r t a

H
b

e r v

i a p

e a r t
h

r a g

Damage to any of these four nerves would affect the control of ventilation. For each of
the descriptions below, state which of the nerves labelled A, B, C or D would have been
damaged. Put a cross in the box corresponding to the correct letter.
(i)

Nerve impulses from the aortic body would not reach the respiratory centre.
A

(ii)

Nerve impulses would not reach the respiratory centre from the stretch receptors.
A

(iv)

Nerve impulses from the respiratory centre would not reach the diaphragm.
A

(iii)

Nerve impulses from the carotid body would not reach the respiratory centre.
A

D
(4)
(Total 9 marks)

Brighton Hove and Sussex Sixth Form College

2.

(a)

Describe how you would find the breathing rate of a person at rest.

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(1)

(b)

The table below shows the pulmonary ventilation rate (volume of air breathed in or out
per minute) of a man at rest, and walking at four different speeds.
Walking speed / km hour

(i)

Pulmonary ventilation rate

3
1
/dm min

0 (rest)

11

3.2

19

4.8

25

6.4

37

8.0

60

Describe the relationship between walking speed and the pulmonary ventilation
rate.
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(2)

Brighton Hove and Sussex Sixth Form College

(ii)

Explain the mechanism by which these changes in pulmonary ventilation rate are
brought about.
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(3)

(c)

An experiment was carried out to determine the composition of a sample of expired air,
using a gas burette. A person breathed out as far as possible through a gas burette, which
was then closed. The initial gas volume was recorded. A small volume of saturated
potassium hydroxide solution was then injected into the gas burette and the final gas
volume was recorded. Potassium hydroxide solution absorbs carbon dioxide.
The results are shown in the table below.
Gas burette reading

Volume / cm

Initial volume

75.0

Final volume

72.0

Calculate the percentage of carbon dioxide in the air sample. Show your working.

Answer ....................................
(3)
(Total 9 marks)

Brighton Hove and Sussex Sixth Form College

3.

Diagram A and diagram B below show recordings of the breathing patterns of a person.
In diagram A the person is at rest. In diagram B the person has just finished a period of
strenuous exercise.

V o lu m e o f a ir /d m

D ia g r a m A : a t r e s t

0 .5 d m

10

Brighton Hove and Sussex Sixth Form College

20
T im e / s

30

40

V o lu m e o f a ir /d m

D ia g r a m B : a f te r e x e r c is e

0 .5 d m

(a)

10

20
T im e / s

30

40

Calculate the mean tidal volume between 10 and 30 seconds when the person is at rest.
Show your working.

Answer .................................
(2)

Brighton Hove and Sussex Sixth Form College

(b)

The ventilation rate of a person can be calculated by multiplying the rate of breathing by
the depth of breathing. Use diagram B to calculate the ventilation rate of the person
during the first 10 seconds after exercise. Show your working.

Answer .................................
(2)

(c)

Using the data in the recordings, compare the breathing patterns of this person before and
after exercise.
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.
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.
(3)

(d)

This person then undertook a physical training programme.

(i)

Describe and explain two differences that you would expect to see in the breathing
patterns of this person following exercise as a result of the training programme.
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(4)

Brighton Hove and Sussex Sixth Form College

(ii)

Suggest how the training programme might affect the cardiac output of the person.
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(2)
(Total 13 marks)

4.

(a)

Explain what is meant by the term vital capacity.

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(2)

Brighton Hove and Sussex Sixth Form College

(b)

The graph below shows a recording of lung volumes (a spirogram) from a healthy
student.

l u

m3

c m

03

c m

4
T

5
i m

6
e

7
/

From the recording, determine the tidal volume. Show your working.

Answer ........................................
(2)

Brighton Hove and Sussex Sixth Form College

10

(c)

Describe the effect of a small increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in inspired
air on the breathing of a person.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)

Brighton Hove and Sussex Sixth Form College

11