FTSL-5098

Metodologi Penelitian
Sony Sulaksono Wibowo, PhD

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SI-5098; TL-5098 KL-5098; SJ-5098

Metodologi Penelitian
Sony Sulaksono Wibowo, PhD

sonyssw@hotmail.com

Ketentuan Umum

Matakuliah wajib bagi semua mahasiswa program magister yang belum memulai penelitian, atau mahasiswa program doktor yang belum pernah mengambil matakuliah serupa. Kuliah diberikan dalam bentuk pertemuan kelas dan tugastugas

Jadwal pertemuan:
Kamis: 13:00 15:00

Referensi:
Paul D. Leedy and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod, Practical Research, Planning

and Design, 8th edition, 2005 Dawson, D., Practical Research Methods, 2002 Kumar, R., Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners, 2nd Ed., 2006
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Deskripsi Matakuliah
Kuliah ini memperkenalkan mahasiswa tentang konsep dasar penelitian ilmiah sebagai landasan bagi penyusunan proposal, pelaksanaan penelitian dan diseminasi hasil penelitian dalam bentuk karya ilmiah, tesis atau disertasi. Selain diberi membantu Deskripsi Ringkas pemahaman tentang berbagai konsep dan aspek-aspek penting dari beragam spektrum penelitian, pada kuliah ini mahasiswa juga dikenalkan pada format penyusunan proposal penelitian dan penulisan tesis dan disertasi.

Tujuan Instruksional Umum

Kuliah ini bertujuan untuk membangkitkan pemahaman tentang konsep dasar penelitian ilmiah, sehingga mahasiswa mampu menyusun suatu proposal, melaksanakan penelitian ilmiah dan mendiseminasikannya dengan baik dalam bentuk karya ilmiah, tesis atau disertasi. Melalui kuliah ini mahasiswa akan memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang konsep penelitian ilmiah secara keseluruhan, dan mampu berdialog secara ilmiah tentang penelitian pada berbagai bidang dari spektrum ilmu yang luas.

Luaran
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Organisasi Kegiatan

Kegiatan perkuliahan dilakukan dalam bentuk:

Kuliah tatap muka Diskusi kelompok Tugas mandiri

Kegiatan perkuliahan dilakukan dalam 3 kelompok:

Kuliah Bersama (SI, TL, KL, SJ) S2 dan S3 Kuliah Program Studi Bimbingan Kelompok Keahlian (KK)

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Organisasi Kuliah
PROPOSAL PENELITIAN
BIMBINGAN KK BIMBINGAN KK BIMBINGAN KK BIMBINGAN KK BIMBINGAN KK

KULIAH PROGRAM STUDI T. SIPIL

KULIAH PROGRAM STUDI T. LINGKUNGAN

KULIAH PROGRAM STUDI T. KELAUTAN

KULIAH BERSAMA FTSL

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Ringkasan SAP
No Topik
Pengenalan konsep, prinsip dan terminologi umum tentang penelitian ilmiah

Sub Topik
Posisi penelitian dan kegiatan ilmiah Pengertian tentang hypotheses, paradigm, research objective, reasoning (deductive vs. inductive arguments), positivism,

Tujuan Instruksional Khusus (TIK)

Membangkitkan pemahaman arti dan fungsi penting penelitian dan kegiatan ilmiah dan ilmu pengetahuan

Spektrum penelitian

Jenis-jenis penelitian ilmiah (action research, etnographics hingga experimental research, fundamental vs. Applied research, qualitative vs. Quantitative research
Metoda experimental Teknik survey

Menjelaskan jenis/metoda penelitian pada berbagai ranah ilmu pengetahuan

Metoda pengumpulan data

Memberikan pengetahuan tentang berbagai metoda pengambilan /pengumpulan data Memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang etika penelitian, termasuk dalam pengambilan data dan pemanfaatan hasil penelitian

Etika penelitian

Etika penelitian

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Ringkasan SAP
No Topik Sub Topik Tujuan Instruksional Khusus (TIK)
Penyusunan kerangka proposal penelitian (latar belakang, perumusan masalah, tujuan penelitian) Dilakukan di lingkungan KK

Penyusunan Proposal

Bimbingan Penyusunan Proposal

Pengambilan dan data (sampling) dan rencana pengambailan contoh

Kebutuhan dan manfaat sampling Konsep dasar sampling Teori sampling Perhitungan kesalahan Rancangan sampling

Menjelaskan jenis/metoda/teknik pengambilan data / sampling

Teknik Pengukuran dan Penskalaan

Skala pengukuran

Memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang teknik pengukuran, sumber kesalahan pengukuran, dan teknik penskalaan data

Ujian Tengah Semester

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Ringkasan SAP
No
9

Topik
Penyusunan Proposal

Sub Topik
Bimbingan penyusunan proposal Data dan jenis data Metoda pengumpulan data (primer, sekunder)

Tujuan Instruksional Khusus (TIK)

Studi literatur, rancangan metoda penelitian, analisis data Dilakukan di lingkungan KK
Menjelaskan jenis/metoda/teknik pengumpulan data

10

Metoda dan teknik pengumpulan data

11

Format penulisan karya ilmiah, thesis, disertasi

Format karya ilmiah, paper, thesis, disertaso Hipotesis vs teori Konsep dasar Perumusan hipotesis dan permasalahannya Karakteristik dan Tipe hipotesis Standar uji (Z-test, t-test, F-test, Chisqare test) Non-parametric distribution free test

Memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang forma dan teknik penyusunan tulisan ilmiah

12

Pengujian kesimpulan awal (hipotesis)

Memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahanan tentang pengujian hipotesis

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Ringkasan SAP
No Topik
Teknik statististik untuk pengolahan dan interpretasi data

Sub Topik
Peran statistik dalam penelitian Jenis data (kuantitatif, kualitatif) Organisasi dan pengolahan data Teknik statistik Interpretasi hasil analisis

Tujuan Instruksional Khusus (TIK)

Memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang pentingnya statistik dalam penelitian

13

14

Penyusunan proposal

Bimbingan penyusunan proposal

Bimbingan penyususnan proposal di masingmasing KK

15

Penyusunan proposal

Bimbingan penyusunan proposa;

Presentasi proposal penelitian di masingmasing KK

16

Ujian Akhir Semester

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Research Basic

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What is a research?

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What Research Is Not

Research isnt information gathering:

Gathering information from resources such as books or

magazines isnt a research It might be information discovery or something about reference skills

Research isnt the transportation of facts:

Merely transporting facts from one resource to another No contribution to new knowledge although this might

make existing knowledge more accessible

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What Research Is
Research is:
the systematic process of collecting and analyzing information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the phenomenon about which we are concerned or interested.1

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Research

A voyage of discovery; an experience method of critical thinking; a careful critical inquiry in seeking facts from principles An art of scientific investigation A systemized effort to gain new knowledge, a movement from known to the unknown

An activity caused by instinct of inquisitiveness to gain fresh insight / find answer to questions / acquire knowledge

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Research Methodology; Research Method; Research Technique

Research Methodology
is a science of studying how research is done

scientifically

Research Method
Behavior and instruments used in selecting and

constructing technique for gathering data

Research Technique
Behavior and instruments used in research

operation
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Nature of Research
Characteristic of scientific research
careful search, investigation, seeking answer to (a) question (s)

systematically adds/contributes to

knowledge for PhDs, research makes an original (incremental) contribution

Research is a critical process of asking and attempting to answer questions about the world.
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Research Characteristics

Originates with a question or problem. Requires clear articulation of a goal. Follows a specific plan or procedure.

Often divides main problem into sub-problems.

Guided by specific problem, question, or hypothesis. Accepts certain critical assumptions. Requires collection and interpretation of data. Cyclical (helical) in nature.

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In principle
Prove in research can be done:

Empirically hypothesis is proven based on facts (gathered or measured)

Rationally hypothesis or postulate is proven through logical reasoning based on given law

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Research Cycle

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Research Process

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Basic Format of Research Process

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Research Report Schema

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Data Analysis Spiral

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Research Projects

Research begins with a problem.

This problem need not be Earth-shaking.

Identifying this problem can actually be the hardest part of research. In general, good research projects should:
Address an important question. Advance knowledge.

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Research Project

The following kinds of projects usually dont make for good research:
Self-enlightenment. Comparing data sets. Correlating data sets. Problems with yes / no answers.

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High-Quality Research

Good research requires:

The scope and limitations of the work to be clearly

defined.
The process to be clearly explained so that it can be

reproduced and verified by other researchers.

A thoroughly planned design that is as objective as

possible.

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High-Quality Research continued

Good research requires:

Highly ethical standards be applied. All limitations be documented. Data be adequately analyzed and explained. All findings be presented unambiguously and all

conclusions be justified by sufficient evidence.

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Research Process

Research is an extremely cyclic process.

Later stages might necessitate a review of earlier work.

This isnt a weakness of the process but is part of the built-in error correction machinery. Because of the cyclic nature of research, it can be difficult to determine where to start and when to stop.

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Step 1: A Question Is Raised

A question occurs to or is posed to the researcher for which that researcher has no answer.
This doesnt mean that someone else doesnt already

have an answer.

The question needs to be converted to an appropriate problem statement like that documented in a research proposal.

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Step 2: Suggest Hypotheses

The researcher generates intermediate hypotheses to describe a solution to the problem.

This is at best a temporary solution since there is as yet

no evidence to support either the acceptance or rejection of these hypotheses.

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Step 3: Literature Review

The available literature is reviewed to determine if there is already a solution to the problem.
Existing solutions do not always explain new

observations. The existing solution might require some revision or even be discarded.

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Step 4: Literature Evaluation

Its possible that the literature review has yielded a solution to the proposed problem.
This means that you havent really done research.

On the other hand, if the literature review turns up nothing, then additional research activities are justified.

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Step 5: Acquire Data

The researcher now begins to gather data relating to the research problem.
The means of data acquisition will often change based

on the type of the research problem.

This might entail only data gathering, but it could also

require the creation of new measurement instruments.

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Step 6: Data Analysis

The data that were gathered in the previous step are analyzed as a first step in ascertaining their meaning. As before, the analysis of the data does not constitute research.
This is basic number crunching.

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Step 7: Data Interpretation

The researcher interprets the newly analyzed data and suggests a conclusion.
This can be difficult. Keep in mind that data analysis that suggests a

correlation between two variables cant automatically be interpreted as suggesting causality between those variables.

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Step 8: Hypothesis Support

The data will either support the hypotheses or they wont.

This may lead the researcher to cycle back to an earlier

step in the process and begin again with a new hypothesis. This is one of the self-correcting mechanisms associated with the scientific method.

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Assignment
due date: 12 September 2011 by email: sonyssw@hotmail.com format: nama_nim.doc atau nama_nim.docx

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Membangun sebuah penelitian dapat dimulai dari bentuk-bentuk pertanyaan seperti: apa (what?), mengapa (why?), dimana (where?), kapan (when?), bagaimana (how?), siapa (who?). Buatlah Research Plan yang singkat dan jelas (maksimal 2000 kata) dengan memuat minimal: Problem definition and research question Research objective and research limitation Literature review Research methodology and design experiment Expected result and its implication
Topic: Sustainable Infrastructure
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selesai

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