Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Feudal System
Pledge of loyalty between vassal and the lord Priests are both government agents and agents of the Church
Serfs
Effects
Secular: The King desires to control the Church in his area Sacred: The Pope meddles in the affairs of the King Establishes a two-tier justice system
Ecclesiastical Courts to judge the clergy and determine doctrinal purity Lay Courts to try persons for offenses against the crown
The Reforms
New Monasterys monks, priors and abbots are ordained, agree to being ruled by the mother monastery Swear Allegiance to the Pope and not to a Feudal King or lord Renew the vows of poverty and chastity put away mistresses End nepotism and the practice of simony Establish monastic schools and emphasize Latin Emphasizes evangelism and missionary work
Issues over clergy marriage Filioque Clause added to the Nicene Creed Patriarch says that it is heretical because not decided by a Council
Each Leader excommunicates the other Splits the Church Healed by agreement on December 7, 1965 (Paul VI and Athenagoras
Made an annual confession to the priest by all laymen mandatory Must attend the Mass at Easter Declared the doctrine of Transubstantiation
Set forth by Paschasius Radbertus in the book Of the Body and Blood of the Lord in 831 AD Used to solidify the power of the Pope and clergy
References
Brown, Colin. Christianity and Western Thought vol. 1 Cairns, Earle E. Christianity Through the Centuries Holmes, George (ed.) The Oxford History of the Middle Ages McGrath, Alister E. Historical Theology: An Introduction to the History of Christian Thought