Sequential Logic Analysis

Used to determine:
How a sequential logic circuit works Given an initial state and and input sequence:
What will be the output sequence What will be the final state Unless initial state can be set

Logic simulation cannot always do this

The opposite procedure of design

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Start with circuit diagram Derive output equations Derive flip-flop input equations Derive state table Derive state diagram
Sequential Logic Analysis (1/06) 1

C. E. Stroud

Analysis Example
Given this sequential logic circuit and:
An initial state of A=0 & B=1 An input sequence X=010011
X A B A A B Clk B

A A B

What will be the final state? What will be the output sequence?
C. E. Stroud Sequential Logic Analysis (1/06)

Analysis Example
From logic diagram obtain logic equations:
C =X(A+B)=AX+BX DA= AX+BX
A+ = DA (for D flip-flop)
X A B A A B Clk B

A A B

DB= AX
B+ = DB (for D flip-flop)

Next obtain state table then state diagram

C. E. Stroud Sequential Logic Analysis (1/06)

Analysis Example (continued)

C =X(A+B)=AX+BX A+ = AX+BX B+ = AX
State order AB

Input X 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

Current State AB 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1

Next State A+ B+ 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

Output C 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
4

0/0

X=0/C=1 1/0

00
0/1 1/0 1/0

0/1

10
1/0

01

11
C. E. Stroud

Sequential Logic Analysis (1/06)

Analysis Example (continued)

Given:
An initial state of A=0 & B=1 An input sequence X=010011

What will be the final state?

A=1 & B=1
0/0 X=0/C=1 1/0

What will be the output sequence?

X=010011 C=101000
C. E. Stroud

00
0/1 1/0 1/0

0/1

10
1/0

01

State order AB
Sequential Logic Analysis (1/06)

11
5

Another Analysis Example

The characteristic equation for D flip-flops makes analysis a little easier than other flip-flops Consider this circuit with JK flip-flops
Here we assume that A and B are the circuit outputs
X
J K

J K

Clk
C. E. Stroud

Equations for inputs to FFs: JA = B KA = BX JB = X KB = AX = AX+AX

6

Sequential Logic Analysis (1/06)

JKFF Analysis Example

Fill in inputs and current state as usual Evaluate FF inputs based on inputs and current state Use characteristic table to obtain next state from FF inputs
J K 0 1 0 1 Q+ Q 0 1 Q
Sequential Logic Analysis (1/06) 7

Current A FF B FF Next Input State inputs inputs State X A B JA KA JB KB A+ B+ 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

JK FF characteristic table
C. E. Stroud

0 0 1 1

JKFF Analysis Example (continued)

Now obtain state diagram from state table
Based on inputs, current state, and next state

Now we can analyze circuit behavior

Based on initial state and input sequence
1 State order AB 0

Current Next State Input State X A B A+ B+ 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

8

00
X=0 0

01
1

11
0

1 0 1 0 1

10
1
C. E. Stroud

Sequential Logic Analysis (1/06)