Professional Documents
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TheVirginiaExtraditionManualisavailablefromtheSecretaryoftheCommonwealth, PostOfficeBox2454,Richmond,Virginia23218
TABLEOFCONTENTS
PARTI
Page 3 4
PARTII
PARTIII
RolesandResponsibilities Chapter6 Chapter7 Chapter8 Chapter9 Chapter10 TheLawEnforcementOfficer TheMagistrate TheClerkoftheCourt TheCommonwealthsAttorney JudgesoftheDistrictandCircuitCourts 17 20 23 25 29
PARTIV
Appendices AppendixA SampleExtraditionForms AppendixB OtherStatesSpecialRequirements AndTimeLimits AppendixC RequisitionApplicationChecklist AppendixD TravelOrderRequestPolicyandForm AppendixE CodeofVirginiaExcerpts AppendixF Terminology AppendixG InternationalExtraditionInformation 39 52 60 63 67 80 84
CHAPTER1 OVERVIEWOFTHEMANUAL
Extraditionhasalonganddistinguishedhistory.TheU.S.systemofextraditionisempowered bytheU.S.Constitutionandisadministeredunderapplicablefederalandstatelaw.InVirginia, theprovisionsgoverningextraditionproceduresaresetforthinSections19.2through19.2118 oftheCodeofVirginia(1950)asamended. Whiletheconceptofextraditioniseasilyunderstood,theprocedurestobefollowedinany particularextraditioncasecanbecomequitecomplex.Thisisduetothemyriadoflegalissues associatedwithextradition,thenumberofactorsinvolvedintheextraditionprocess,andthefact thateachextraditioncaseisunique.Thismanual isdesignedtohelpguidestateandlocal officialsthroughthisprocess. Themanualisdividedintofourdistinctbutinterrelatedparts.PartIisdesignedtoprovidethe readerwithanintroductiontoboththemanualandtotheextraditionprocessaspracticedwithin theCommonwealth. PartIIisconcernedwithlegalissues.Itcontainschaptersdealingwiththefollowingsubjects: sourcesoflaw,extraditableoffensesandtheinterstateagreementondetainers.Thispartis supplementedbyseveralappendices,whicharealsoconcernedwithlegalissues.AppendixA providesaseriesofsampleformats,whichcanbeusedbyVirginiaofficialsinperforming extraditionactions.AppendixCofthemanualcontainsrelevantexcerptsoftheCodeofVirginia, thedocumentwhichgovernsextraditionpracticewithintheCommonwealth.AppendixD providesdefinitionsoflegaltermsandacronymsassociatedwiththissubject. PartIIIofthemanualis,insomerespects,themostimportant.Withinitsfivechaptersare detaileddiscussionsoftherolesandresponsibilitiesofmajoractorsinvolvedintheextradition process.Actorsdiscussedinclude:lawenforcementofficials,magistrates,clerksofcourts, CommonwealthsAttorneysandjudgesofthedistrictandcircuitcourts. PartIVexaminesextraditioncaseswithrequirespecialconsideration.Discussedwithinthe twochaptersofthissectionaretheextraditionofjuveniles,parolees,fugitives,military personnel,NativeAmericansandotherspecialcases.ThissectionissupplementedbyAppendix B,whichoutlinesthespecialrequirementsofotherstates. Whilethismanualattemptstocoverthemyriadofissuesassociatedwithextradition, questionswillneverthelessarise.TheOfficeoftheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthwillgladly assistVirginiaofficialsinobtainingtheanswerstosuchquestions.Theofficecanbereachedat (804)7862441.
CHAPTER2 THEEXTRADITIONPROCESS
Extraditionisthelegalsurrenderofanallegedcriminal,apprehendedinonejurisdiction,to anotherstate,countryorothergovernmentalunitfortrial.Twodistinctprocessesareusedto achievethisend onewhenVirginiaisthestateofasylumforthefugitive,theotherwhen Virginiaisthestatefromwhichthefugitivefled,andtheCommonwealthisseekinghisorher return.
A.WHENVIRGINIAISTHESTATEOFASYLUM FigureA,onthefollowingpage,outlineswhattypicallyoccurswhenafugitivefromanother stateisfoundinVirginia.Assuggestedbythisfigure,severalthingshavegenerallyalready transpiredpriortoanyinvolvementofaVirginiaofficialintheextraditioncase.Inmost situationsthesewillincludethefollowing:1)thecommissionofthecrime2)theidentification ofasuspect3)thechargingofthesuspecteitherbyanarrestwarrantoranindictment4)the fleeingofthesuspectacrossstatelines5)theissuanceofafugitivewarrant6)notificationof otherstatesofthefugitive,bywayoftheNationalCrimeInformationCenter(NCIC). OnceafugitivefromanotherstateisfoundinVirginia,thefirstorderofbusinessistoplace thesuspectunderarrest.Todothisanarrestwarrantisusuallyrequired.Thelocallaw enforcementofficialobtainssuchawarrantbyappearingbeforeamagistrate,outliningthe reasonforthearrest,andpresentingwhateversupportinginformationmaybeavailable(i.e., NCICmessage,fugitivewarrant,etc.).Theonlytimeawarrantisnotrequirediswhenthe fugitivehasbeenofficiallychargedwithacrimeinanotherstatethatispunishablebydeathor imprisonmentformorethanoneyear.(SeeSec.19.299and19.2100oftheCodeofVirginia.) Shortlyafteranyarrest,twothingstypicallyoccur:Thedemandingstateisnotifiedofthe arrest,andthefugitiveistakenbeforeamagistrateorotherappropriatedofficerofthecourt. Whatoccursatthisinitialhearingdependentinpartonwhetherthearrestwasmadewithor withoutawarrant.Ifitwasmadewithoutawarrant,thefirstthingthemagistratemustdois determinewhetherornottherewassufficientjustificationforthearrest,andifjustificationis foundsufficient,issuethewarrantorrequiredaffidavitasnecessary.Onceawarranthasbeen issued,orif thearrestwasmadewithawarrantalreadyinhand,themagistratewillinformthe fugitiveofthechargesagainsthimandhisrightsunderthelaw,determinewhetherornotto allowbail,andscheduleanearlyappearanceforthefugitiveindistrictcourt.(SeeChapter7for furtherdetails.)
FIGUREA
FLOWCHARTOFTHEEXTRADITIONPROCESSWHENAFUGITIVEFROM ANOTHERU.S.JURISDICTIONISFOUNDINVIRGINIA
DetailsofwhatwilltypicallyoccurinDistrictCourtareprovidedelsewhereinthismanual. (SeeChapter10.)SufficeittosaythatatthefirstappearanceinDistrictCourtthejudgewill, amongotherthings,allowthefugitivetheoptionofwaivingextradition.Manyfugitiveschoose thisoption,knowingthatinallikelihoodtheywillbeextradited,andbywaivingextraditiondo notdelaytheinevitable. Ifextraditionisnotwaived,anotherseriesofstepsisnecessary.First,thedemandingmust initiateaformalrequestforextradition.Thisrequestcomesfromthegovernorofthedemanding state,butisgenerallybaseduponinformationsuppliedbythelocalprosecutorofthejurisdiction wherethecrimewascommitted.Theextraditionrequestshouldtypicallyinclude:acopyofthe warrantwithaffidavitsoranindictmentagainstthefugitive,acompleteapplicationfor requisition,copiesofthestatutesthefugitiveischargedwithviolating,informationforthe identificationofthefugitive(i.e.fingerprintsorphotos),andrequiredcertifications. OncethecompleteextraditionrequestisreceivedbytheGovernorsoffice,itisforwarded fromtheOfficeoftheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthtotheOfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral, whereitisreviewedforlegalsufficiency.Twocrucialthingsarelookedfor:1)whetherthe fugitiveis,infact,chargedwithacrimeinthedemandingstateand2)whethertheperson arrestedisthefugitive.TheGovernorsofficewillnotexamineissuesofprobablecauseforthe charge.Norwillitconsiderotherdefensessuchasalibiorselfdefense.Theseissuesare consideredmattersbetweenthefugitiveandthedemandingstate. OncetheGovernorsofficeissatisfiedthatthedemandingstatehasmetthenecessary requirementsforextradition,aGovernorsWarrantisissued.Thiswarrantservesasan authorizationfortakingthefugitiveintocustodyforthepurposeofturninghimorherovertothe demandingstate.Inmanycasesthefugitivewillalreadybeincustodybecauseheorshewasnot released,orcouldnotmakebail.Ifnotalreadyincustodyhewillbeplacedintoit,withhisbail revokedpursuanttotheGovernorsWarrant. Thefugitivecannotimmediatelybeturnedovertothedemandingstate.Statelawrequires thatallfugitivesmustfirstappearbeforeajudge,who,asspecifiedintheCode,mustinformthe fugitiveofthedemandmadeforhissurrenderandofthecrimewithwhichheischarged,that hehastherighttodemandandprocurelegalcounselandiftheprisonerorhiscounselshallstate thatheortheydesiretotestthelegalityofhisarrest,thejudgeortrialjusticeshallfixa reasonabletimetobeallowedhimwithwhichtoapplyforawritofhabeascorpus(Sec.19.2 95).Ifthefugitivefailstoapplyforthewritwithinthespecifiedtimelimit,hemaybeturned overtotheagentofthedemandingstate.Ifthefugitiveappliesforawritwithintheallowable timeframe,ahearingisheldwithinCircuitCourt.(SeeChapter10.) TheCircuitCourtJudgewilldenyorgrantthepetitiononthewritofhabeascorpusbased uponfindingsrelatedtofourissues:1)whetherthepersonisafugitive2)whetherthefugitive hasbeenchargedwithacrimeinthedemandingstate3)whetherthefugitiveistheperson namedintherequestand4)whethertheextraditiondocumentsareinorder.Ifallthesetestsare passed,thepetitionwillbedenied,andthefugitivewillbeturnedovertothedemandingstate.If anyisnot,thefugitivemaybereleased.
B.WHENVIRGINIAISTHEDEMANDINGSTATE FigureBoutlinestheextraditionprocesswhenafugitivefromVirginiaisfoundinanother U.S.jurisdiction.Asmightbeexpected,verysimilarprocedurestakeplace.Fugitivesfrom Virginiamaybeextraditedregardlessofwhetherthecrimecommittedinthisstatewasafelony ormisdemeanor. OnceafugitivefromVirginiahasbeenarrestedinanotherstate,theCommonwealths Attorneyofthejurisdictionwherethefugitivewaschargedisnotified.Asoutlineinmoredetail inChapter9ofthismanual,itistheCommonwealthsAttorneywhoisresponsiblefor assemblingthemyriadofdocumentsneededbytheGovernorsofficetorequestanextradition (assumingthatextraditionisnotwaivedbythefugitive).TheDocumentswilltypicallyinclude: copiesoftheindictmentorarrestwarrantwithsupportingaffidavitastatementthatthe extraditionisnotbeingundertakenasameansofenforcingaprivateclaimfingerprintsor photographscopiesofthestatuesthefugitiveischargedwithviolatingtheapplicablefor requisition,etc.Iftheextraditionissueisrelatedtobail,probationorparole,ajudgmentorderof convictionorasentencingdocument,togetherwithanaffidavitoutliningthecircumstanceofthe violationwillbenecessary. AllextraditionmaterialsarereviewedbytheOfficeoftheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthto ensurethattheyarecompleteandcomplywiththerequirementsoftheasylumstate.Onceall documentsarecomplete,itistheGovernorwhoformallyrequeststheextradition.Finally,ifthe extraditionisgranted,theGovernorrequestsoneormorelawenforcementofficers,designatedb thelocalCommonwealthsAttorney,toretrievethefugitive. Proceduresforextraditionarestrikinglysimilarnationwide.Moststateshavepassedthe UniformCriminalExtraditionAct(UCEA),orsimilarstatutes.Nonetheless,practiceswillvary. TheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsOffice(8047862441)isfamiliarwiththespecial requirementsofotherstates,andshouldbecontactedwithanyquestion.
PARTII
LegalIssues
CHAPTER3 SourcesofLaw
A. InterstateExtradition Interstateextraditionisgovernedbyfederallaw.InArticleIV,Section2,Clause2,the UnitedStatesConstitutionstates: Apersonchargedinanystatewithtreason,felony,orother crime,whoshallfleefromjustice,andbefoundinanother state,shallondemandoftheexecutiveauthorityofthestate fromwhichhefled,bedeliveredup,toberemovedtothestate havingjurisdictionofthecrime. Congresshasenactedanimplementingstatutethatdetailstheprocedureforexecuting interstatefugitiveextraditionrequests(18U.S.C.3182). Stateshavetheauthoritytoenactlegislationdealingwithinterstateextraditionprovidedthe legislationdoesnotconflictwithfederallaw.Forexample,statelawcansupplementfederallaw byaddressingareasCongresshasnot.Tohelpeliminateconflictsamongtheextraditionlawsof thevariousstates,asbasedonthefederalstatute,auniformactwasfirstdevelopedin1926. Moststates,includingVirginia,haveadoptedtheUniformCriminalExtraditionAct(UCEA),set forthinSections19.284through19.2118,CodeofVirginia(1950),asamended.Theact detailstherequirementsforinterstateextraditionandprovidesforuniformityamongthestates. ItadoptstherequirementsoffederallawandsupplementsthoserequirementswhereCongress hasnotacted. NOTE: Threestates,Louisiana,Mississippi andSouthCarolina,havenotadoptedtheUCEA. ConsulttheOfficeoftheSecretaryoftheCommonwealth,Richmond,Virginiaat(804)786 2441,whendealingwiththesestates.
B. InternationalExtradition Internationalextraditionisgovernedwhollybyfederallawandallrequestsforextradition fromforeigncountriesmustbecoordinatedthroughtheUnitedStatesDepartmentofJustice, CriminalDivision,OfficeofInternationalAffairs.Requestsfortheextraditionofpersonsby foreigngovernmentsshallbedeterminedinthefirstinstancebyajudgeormagistrate,butthe ultimatedecisiontoextraditeisordinarilyamatterfortheExecutive. Executiveshavediscretionrelatedtothedecisiontoextraditetheymaychoosenotto extraditeanindividualwhere,intheopinionofthejudiciary,theindividualsconstitutional rightswouldbeviolated.ContacttheVirginiaAttorneyGeneralsOffice,Richmond,Virginia, at(804)7860037,priortoaddressinganinternationalcase.
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CHAPTER4 EXTRADITABLEOFFENSES
A. Criminal Thewordstreason,felonyandothercrimeintheConstitutionandfederalstatuteshave beenheldtoincludeeveryoffenseknown tothelawsofthestatefromwhichtheaccusedhas fled,includingmisdemeanors.Thisincludescommonlawcrimesaswellasstatutorycrimes. Theaccusedcan,therefore,beextraditedwhenheischargedwithanyoffensethatisacrimein thedemandingstate.Theasylumstatecannotdenyextraditionsolelybecausetheoffensewith whichthefugitiveischargedisnotacriminaloffenseintheasylumstate. Thechargeagainsttheaccusedmustbeapunishableoffenseinthedemandingstate.The righttoextraditeisnotbasedonadeterminationofguilt,butratheronthefactthatthepersonis chargedwithacrime.Aclaimofinnocencebytheaccusedisimmaterial.Alsosubjectto extraditionarethosepersonsconvictedandescapedorthosewhohaveviolatedtheconditionsof theirbail,probationorparole. Incertainsituation,whilethelawmayallowextradition,civilremediesarethepreferred approachforobtainingjustice.Thisistrueofcasesrelatedtochildcustody,nonsupport, worthlesschecks,rentalproperty,andmortgagedproperty.PleaseseeSectionC,below,fora discussionofissuesrelatedtothesetypesofcases.
B. Qualifications Afugitivesmotiveforleavingthedemandingstateandthemannerinwhichheorshecame tobeintheasylumstatehasnobearingonhisorherstatusasafugitivefromjustice.Heorshe neednotbeintheasylumstatevoluntarilytobeconsideredafugitive(Sec.19.290).Ifthe accusedleftthedemandingstatewiththeknowledgeandconsentofstateauthorities,itmakesno difference.Thepersonneedonlyhavecommittedorbeenaccusedofhavingcommittedacrime inthedemandingstateandbeenfoundintheasylumstatetobequalifiedforextradition. Underthefederal statute,theaccusedmusthavebeeninthedemandingstatewhenthecrime wascommittedorthepersonisnotafugitivefromjustice.However,theUCEAprovidesforthe extraditionofapersonwhocommittedanactintheasylumstateorinathirdstatewhichheor sheintendedtoresultinacrimeinthedemandingstate.Forexample,theaccusedmayhave conspiredinGeorgiatocommitacrimewhichoccurredinVirginia.Virginiacandemand extraditionoftheaccusedfromGeorgiaasafugitivefromjusticeeventhoughthepersonnever enteredVirginia.Thegovernoroftheasylumstatehasthediscretiontodenyextraditioninsuch acase,althoughsuchadenialisrare.
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C. MattersWhereCivilRemediesarePreferred Theextraditionprocesscannotbeusedtoreturnapersonfortheenforcementofaprivate claimorforthecollectionofadebt.TheappropriateCommonwealthsAttorneyshouldbe certainthattheextraditionprocessisusedonlyforcriminalprosecution. Whileextraditionispossible,itmaynotbethepreferredorappropriateinthefollowing cases: 1. ChildCustody TheappropriateCommonwealthsAttorneyshouldrequirethelegal custodianofthechildtopursueallavailablecivilremediesbeforeseekingextraditionforthe transportingofachildoutofstateinviolationofacustodyorder. 2. Nonsupport TheUniform InterstateFamily SupportAct(UIFSA)isthepreferredapproach foraddressingcasesrelatedtoabandonment,nonsupport,bastardy,etc.Extraditionshould berequestedonlyafterallremediesavailableunderthisacthavebeenexhausted.If extraditionisrequestedpriortotheutilizationoftheremediesavailableunderUIFSA,the requestshouldbeaccompaniedbyanaffidavitfromtheappropriatelawenforcementofficer orCommonwealthsAttorneyjustifyingtherequest. 3. WorthlessChecksWhetherornotextraditionistheappropriateremedyforthewritingof badchecksdependsonthenatureoftheoffense.Extraditionshouldnotbesoughtunless:a) thecheckoraggregatecheckstotaledmorethan$100.00b)thecheckwaswrittenona closedornonexistentaccountorc)thecaseinvolvedforgeryorasimilaroffense. 4.RentalProperty Theappropriatenessofutilizingextraditionforcasesinvolvingrental property,again,dependsuponthenatureoftheoffense.Wheretheindividualfailstoreturn rentalproperty,buttheredoesnotappeartobeanattempttosteal,theincidentshouldbe handledasacivilmatter.Whereitisclearthattheintentwastodeprivetheownerofthe propertyandthenimmediatelyleavesthestate,larcenymaybetheappropriatechargeand extraditioncouldbeanappropriateremedy. 4. MortgagedProperty Extraditionisrarelytheappropriateremedyincasesinvolving mortgagedproperty.Thesecasesshouldroutinelybehandledascivilmatters,regardlessof theamountofmoneyinvolved.Thisisparticularlytrueifthedefendanthasmaderegular paymentsonthemerchandiseinquestion.Ifthecaseinvolvesanattempttodefraud,then extraditionmaybeappropriate.Thismightbethecaseinasituationwherepropertywas purchasedandthedefendantimmediatelyleftVirginiawithnopaymentsbeingmadeonthe item.
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CHAPTER5 INTERSTATEAGREEMENTONDETAINERS
Onoccasionafugitivefromonestatemaybefoundunderdetentioninanotherstate.To facilitatetheorderlyandexpeditiousdispositionofjusticeinthissituation,48statesandthe DistrictofColumbiahaveenteredintoacompactknownastheInterstateAgreementon Detainers,orIAD(SeeSec.53.1210oftheCodeofVirginia). TheIADprovidesamechanismbywhichprisonersinonejurisdictioncanbebroughttotrial onoutstandingchargesinanotherjurisdictioninatimelyfashion.Theprocessisactivatedby thelodgingofadetainerwiththefacilityinwhichthefugitiveisincarcerated.Oncethedetainer hasbeenlodged,anearlytrialmaybepromptedbyeithertheprisonerortheprosecutorforthe jurisdictioninwhichthechargesareoutstanding.
A. PrisonerRequestedAction Whenadetainerislodgedagainstaprisoner,prisonofficialsarerequiredtonotifytheprisoner of: 1. theexistenceofthedetainer 2. itssource 3. thenatureofthecharges 4. hisorherrightsundertheIAD Oncenotified,theprisonermayinvoketheprovisionsoftheIAD,andrequestthedispositionof outstandingcharges(SeeArticleIII(c)ofSec.53.1210oftheCodeofVirginia).Thisis typically accomplishedinasevenstepprocess: 1. TheprisoneradvisedthewardenofhisorherdesiretoinvoketheIADtoobtainfinal dispositionoftheoutstandingcharges. 2. Theprisonersignsappropriateformsrequestingdispositionofsuchcharges. 3. Prisonofficialspromptlyforwardtherequesttotheprosecutor(s)ofthejurisdiction(s)who filedthedetainer(s),togetherwithacertificateoftheinmatesstatusandanofferof temporarycustody. 4. Theaffectedprosecutorimmediatelynotifiestheprisonofhisorheracceptanceoftheoffer oftemporarycustody. 5. Whennotifiedthatalllegalproceedingshaveconcludedinthesendingstate,anagentis dispatchedtotaketheprisonerintocustody. 6. Within180daysofthetimetheprosecutorreceivedtheprisonersrequestfordispositionand therequiredsupportingdocuments,theprisonermustbebroughttotrial.Asspecifiedinthe
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CodeofVirginia,thecourthavingjurisdictionofthemattermaygrantanynecessaryor reasonablecontinuance.Failuretoprosecuteanycharges(s)pendingagainsttheprisoner withinthe180dayperiodoranextendeddeadlineresultsindismissalofthecharge(s). 7. Followingthecourtproceedingswithinthereceivingstate,theprosecutornotifiesthe institutionfromwhichtheprisonerwasobtainedandotherappropriateofficialsinthe sendingstate,ofthedispositionofthecaseandarrangesfortheprisonersreturn. Byrequestingdispositionofoutstandingcharges,theprisonerwaivesextraditiontothe receivingstatetostandtrialonanyoutstandingcharges.Moreover,heorshewaivesextradition toserveanyprisontermimposedinthereceivingstateoncethesentencehasbeencompletedin thestatewhereheorshewasoriginallyconfined.
B. ProsecutorInitiatedAction Assuggestedearlierinthischapter,theprosecutorforajurisdictionwherechargesare outstandingmayusetheIADforthepurposeofobtainingtemporarycustodyofaprisonerfrom thestatewhereheorsheisbeingheld.Oncethedetainerhasbeenlodgedandtheprisoner appropriatelynotified,theprocedureusedtoobtaincustodytypicallyconsistsofsixsteps: 1. Theprosecutorforthejurisdictionwithoutstandingchargesmustprepareaformal requestfortemporarycustodyandsubmitcopiestotheprisoner,theinstitutioninwhich theprisonerisincarcerated,andtheAgreementAdministratorofthesendingstate.The requestmustbesignedbytheprosecutorandcertifiedbyalocaljudge.Further,itshould beaccompaniedbysupportingmaterialsincluding:certifiedcopiesofthecomplaint, informationorindictmentthearrestwarrant,etc.anddocumentsidentifyingthefugitive (i.e.,fingerprints,photographs,aphysicaldescription). 2. Oncetherequestisreceivedinthesendingstate,severalthingswilloccurpriorto permissionbeinggrantedforthereceivingstatetotaketemporarycustody.First,prison officialswillprepareacertificateoftheinmatesstatusandtransmitacopytothe prosecutor.Second,sinceitisaninvoluntarytransfer,apretransferhearingwillbeheld atwhichtheprisonerwillbeinformedofthechargesandofhisrightsunderthelaw, includingtherighttoapplyforawritofhabeascorpus.Third,prisonofficialswillwait 30daysafterreceivingarequestbeforeformallyactingonit,inordertoallowthe sendingstatesgovernoradequateopportunitytodisapproveit.Assumingthatthe transferisnotdisapprovedbythegovernor,norbarredbythecourts,temporarycustody willbeoffered. 3. Asintheextraditioncase,oncepermissionfortemporarycustodyisgranted,agentsmust beidentifiedbytheappropriateprosecutortoretrievetheprisoner.(SeeChapter9ofthis manual.)Asamatterofpractice,onlyVirginialawenforcementofficersshouldbeused forthispurpose.Moreover,anagentofthesamesexastheprisonershouldbeused. 4. AsspecifiedinArticleIVofSection53.1210oftheCodeofVirginia,oncetheprisoner hasarrivedinVirginiatostandtrial,thetrialshouldcommencewithin120days.As
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C. AntiShuttlingRequirements Regardlessof whetherthedispositionofchargesisinitiatedbytheprisonerorbya prosecutor,theIADcontainsantishuttlingprovisions.Theseprovisionsrequirethatoncea prisonerisreturnedtoastatetostandtrial,theprisonermustbetriedonalloutstandingcharges withinthatstateforwhichdetainershavebeenlodgedandthatthesetrialsmustcommence withinthetimeconstraintsspecifiedwithintheprecedingsections.(SeeArticlesIIIandIVof Sec.53.1210oftheCodeofVirginia.)Further,asspecifiedintheCode,Iftrialisnothadon anyindictment,informationorcomplaintcontemplatedherebypriortotheprisonersbeing returnedtotheoriginalplaceofimprisonment,suchindictment,informationorcomplaintshall notbeofanyfurtherforceoreffect,andthecourtshallenteranorderdismissingthesamewith prejudice(ArticleIII(d)seealsoArticleIV(e)). D. FurtherConsiderations AppropriatesectionsoftheCodeofVirginiashouldbeconsultedforanyIADrelatedcase. (SeeAppendixCofthismanual.)Twootherresourcesarealsoavailable:theVirginiaAttorney GeneralsAdministratorfortheInterstateAgreementonDetainers,andtheVirginiaDepartment ofCorrectionsDetainerClerk.TheAdministrator(8047860046)can provideadditional informationonlegalrequirements,andtheDetainerClerk(8046743165)canprovideguidance ontheformsandprocessestobeusedindetainerproceedings.
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PARTIII
ROLESANDRESPONSIBILITIES
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CHAPTER6 THELAWENFORCEMENTOFFICER
Stateandlocallawenforcementofficersareinvolvedwithextraditioninatleasttwoways:1) whenarrestingafugitivefromanotherstateand2)whenseekingthereturntoVirginiaofa fugitivefoundinanotherstate. A.ArrestingaFugitivefromAnotherState Inarrestingafugitivefromanotherstatetheofficermustfirstdeterminethattheindividualin questionis,infact,afugitive.(SeeSec.19.287oftheCodeofVirginia.)Thisistypicallydone byreceiptofamessagefromtheNationalCrimeIntelligenceCenter(NCIC)or,lessoften,bya telephonecall,telegram,orletterfromanofficialofthedemandingstate.Informationonthe statusofthefugitivehastobeverifiedbeforetheactualarrestismadeinorder toavoidmaking anarrestonpotentiallyoutdatedinformation.ThiscanbeaccomplishedthroughtheNCICor through directcommunicationswiththeappropriateofficialinthejurisdictiondemandingthe returnofthefugitive. Fugitivesmaybeofavarietyoftypes,including:individualschargedwithacrimeinanother statebyawarrantorindictmentindividualswhohaveescapedfromimprisonmentfollowinga convictionaswellasindividualswhohaveviolatedbailrestrictions,probationorparole.In someinstancesasuspectmaybearrestedevenbeforebeingofficiallychargedinademanding state.Thistypicallyoccurswhenacrimehasbeencommittedinanotherstateandthesuspect fleestoVirginiabeforeajudicialofficialinthestateoforiginhasbeenabletoissueawarrant. Onceithasbeendeterminedthattheindividualinquestionis,infact,afugitive,a determinationmustbemadewhethertoarrestwithorwithoutawarrant.(SeeSec.19.29919.2 100oftheCodeofVirginia.)Ingeneral,wheneverfeasible,awarrantshouldbe obtained.Thisistypicallyaccomplishedbythelawenforcementofficialappearingbeforea magistrate,outliningthereasonsforanarrest,andpresentingwhateversupportinginformation maybeavailable(i.e.,NCICmessage,etc.).Themagistratewillweightheinformationpresented andmakeadeterminationonwhetherornottoissueanarrestwarrant.Themagistratewillnot becomeinvolvedwithissuesrelatedtoprobablecause.Rather,themagistratewillsimply determinewhetherornottheindividualinvolvedisapropercandidateforextradition.(See Chapter4,ExtraditableOffenses.) Whenthefugitivehasyettobechargedwithacrimeinanotherstate,thelawenforcement officermustbeabletoshowamagistrateprobablecausetobelievethattheindividualin questioncommittedthecrime,inordertojustifytheissuanceofawarrant.Thelawenforcement officermustrelyoninformationreceivedfromofficialsofthedemandingstateforthispurpose. Onceawarranthasbeenissued,thearrestismadeinthesamemannerasiftheindividualhad committedacrimeinVirginia.Thefugitiveisinformedofhisorherrightsandtoldthereasons forhisorherarrestbytheofficer.Thefugitiveisthentakenbeforea
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magistrate,whowilldecidewhetherornotbailisappropriate.Theofficerwillbetoldbythe magistratetoeithertakethefugitivetojailortoreleasehimorheronbail.Bailmaybeallowed bythecourt,exceptincaseswherethecrimeispunishablebydeathorlifeimprisonment.(See Sec.19.2102oftheCodeofVirginia.)Theonlytimeawarrantisnotrequirediswhenthe fugitivehasbeenofficiallychargedwithacrimeinthedemandingstatethatispunishableby deathorimprisonmentformorethanoneyear.(SeeSec.19.2100oftheCode.) Whenarrestedundersuchcircumstancestheaccusedmustbepresented"withall practicalspeed"beforeajudge,magistrateorotherofficerofthecourtauthorizedtoissue criminalwarrants,withthecomplaintbeingissuedagainstthesuspectunderoathsettingforth thegroundsforthearrest.Aswillbediscussedinasubsequentsectionofthismanual,theofficer ofthecourtwillhearthegroundsforthearrestandtheresponsebythesuspect.Moreover,since theindividualwasarrestedwithoutawarrant,thejudgeormagistratewillmakeadetermination ofwhetherornotthecrimeispunishablebydeathorimprisonmentformorethanoneyear withinthedemandingstate.Asforanarrestwithawarrant,theofficerofthecourt,typicallya magistratewillrenderanorderwhichgenerallyeithercommitsthesuspecttojailorreleaseshim onbond. Whetherthearrestismadewithorwithoutawarrant,thelawenforcementofficeris responsibleforobtainingacopyofthearrestwarrantorindictmentchargingthefugitivewitha crimeinthedemandingstate.Whenobtained,thisinformationshouldbeattachedtothearrest warrantissuedinVirginia.
B.SeekingtheReturnofaFugitivetoVirginia LocallawenforcementofficersplayamajorroleinseekingthereturnoffugitivestoVirginia. WhileitistheCommonwealth'sAttorneywhoultimatelydecideswhetherornottoproceedwith extradition,itisthelawenforcementofficialwhotypicallyinitiatestheprocessandwhosupplies muchoftheinformationonwhichthedecisionisultimatelybased. TheprocessofobtainingthereturnofafugitivefromVirginiawhorefusestowaive extraditionwouldbeaccomplishedinthreedistinctbutinterrelatedsteps.First,sothatthe Commonwealth'sAttorneycanbeproperlybriefedonthecase,theofficershould undertakeacomprehensivereviewofallevidence.Specifically,theofficershouldreviewany availableinvestigativereportsandaffidavits,determinethecurrentstatusofallwitnesses (includinglevelsofrecallandpotentialchangesintestimony),and,ingeneral,ascertainwhether ornotextraditionisappropriateandlikelytosucceed.Moreover, theofficershouldobtaincopies ofthefugitive'scriminalrecord,ifany,andhavecopiesofsuchavailablewhenmeetingwiththe Commonwealth'sAttorney. Thesecondstepisfortheofficertoobtaincopiesoftheexistingchargingdocument(eitheran indictmentoranarrestwarrant).Ifsuchdocumentsdonotexist,theofficershouldappearbefore amagistrateandrelatethefactsofthecaseinordertoobtainanarrestwarrant.(SeeSec.19.299 oftheCodeofVirginia.)Inanycase,theofficershouldpossesseitheranarrestwarrantwithan
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acceptableaffidavit(swornbeforeamagistrateorjudgeanddatednolaterthanthedateonthe warrant),oracopyoftheappropriateindictmentforreviewwiththeCommonwealth'sAttorney. Withtheinformationoutlinedaboveinhand,thelawenforcementofficialshouldmeetwith theCommonwealth'sAttorneywhowillmaketheultimatedecisiononwhetherornottoproceed withtheextradition.Atthismeetingitisimperativefortheofficertobeasforthrightaspossible aboutanyandallfactorswhichmightimpacttheoutcomeofanyfuturecaseagainstthefugitive. Theroleofthelawenforcementofficialmayconcludefollowingthisbriefing,ortheofficermay berequestedbytheCommonwealth'sAttorneytoassistwiththepreparationofthenecessary extraditionpapers,ortoserveasanagentforretrievalofthefugitive,oncetheextraditionhas beenapproved.Asamatterofpolicy,onlyVirginialawenforcementofficersshallbeusedas agentsfortheCommonwealthofVirginiainreturningafugitivetothisstate.Moreover,atleast oneoftheofficerssenttoretrieveafugitiveshallbeofthesamesexasthefugitive.
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CHAPTER7 THEMAGISTRATE
A. AnArrestwithaVirginiaWarrant Themagistrateisinvolvedwiththeextraditionprocessinavarietyofways.Typically,the magistratesinitialinvolvementcomesthrougharequestfromalawenforcementofficialseeking anarrestwarrantforafugitive.Themagistratesresponsibilitiesinthisregardaretwofold:1) heorsheneedstomakeadeterminationonwhetherornotsufficientgroundsexistforanarrest and2)iftherearesufficientgrounds,themagistrateissuesthewarrantwiththerequired affidavit.(SeeSec.19.299of theCodeofVirginia.) Thegroundsonwhichawarrantcanbeissuedarefairlystraightforward.Asspecifiedinthe CodeofVirginia,exceptunderhighlyunusualcircumstances(SeeSec.19.291),thewarrant shouldbeissuedonlyiftheindividualinquestionhascommittedacrimeinanotherstateand has:1)fledfromjustice,2)beenconvictedandescapedfromconfinementor3)broken thetermsofhisbail,probation,orparole.(SeeSec.19.299) Onceithasbeendeterminedthatsufficientgroundsexist,themagistratecompletesthe requiredwarrantandaffidavit.Originalcopiesofthesedocumentsmustthenbeforwardedto theClerkoftheDistrictCourt,togetherwithanyothermaterialsusedtodocumentthefactthat theindividualinquestionisafugitive(i.e.,theNCICmessagesorothercommunicationsfrom thedemandingstate). TypicallytheofficerrequestingaVirginiawarrantwillnothavethearrestwarrantor indictmentfromthedemandingstateinhisorherpossessionatthistime.Ifheorshedoesnot, themagistrateshouldinstructtheofficertoobtainsuchandattachittotheclerksoriginal warrantathisorherearliestconvenience. Themagistratesnextinvolvementintheprocessiswhenthefugitiveisbroughtbeforehim orherafterthearresthasbeenmade.Atthattimethemagistrate:1)informsthefugitiveofthe chargesandhisorherlegalrightsunderthelawand2)determineswhetherornottoallowbail. (SeeSec.19.2101 19.2103oftheCodeofVirginia.) Bailcanbeallowedunlessthefugitivehasbeenchargedwithacrimeinthedemandingstate whichispunishablebyeitherdeathorlifeimprisonment.AsrequiredbytheCode(Sec.19.2 10119.2103),bailshouldbewithsufficientsureties,andinsuchsumashedeemsproper, conditioneduponthefugitivesappearancebeforeajudgeatatimespecifiedinsuchbond (within30days)anduponsurrenderforarrestuponthewarrantoftheGovernorofthisState.If aGovernorsWarranthasnotbeenissuedbythetimeoftherequiredcourtappearance,the fugitivemaybedischargedbyajudgeorrecommittedforafurtherperiodnottoexceed60days. (SeeSec.19.2103oftheCodeofVirginia.)
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B. AnArrestonaGovernorsWarrant WhenanarrestismadeonaGovernorsWarrant,itishandledinasomewhatsimilarmanner. Insuchasituation,themagistrateinformsthefugitive:1)ofthechargeswithinthedemanding state2)ofhisorherrightstocounselandtocommunicatewithfriendsand3)thattheGovernor ofVirginiahasissuedawarrantforhisorherarrest.(SeeSec.19.292 19.295ortheCodeof Virginia.) Thefugitiveisthenplacedinjailandorderedtoreturntocourtattheearliestpossibledate.At thecourtappearance,thefugitiveisinformedoftherightguaranteedunderSection19.295of theCode toapplyforwritofhabeascorpus.OnceaGovernorsWarranthasbeenissued,itis advisablethatthefugitivebeheldwithoutbeingreleasedonbail.
C.AnArrestwithoutaWarrant Onsomeoccasionsanofficerisnotrequiredtoobtainawarrantpriortoanarrest. Specifically,awarrantisnotrequiredifthefugitivehasbeenofficiallychargedwithacrimein anotherstatethatispunishablebyeitherimprisonmentformorethanoneyearorbydeath.In thesesituationsthefugitivemustbepresentedbeforethemagistratewithallpracticalspeed followingthearrest.(SeeSec.19.2100oftheCodeofVirginia.) Uponpresentationofafugitivesoarrested,themagistratehasresponsibilitiesinadditionto thoseoutlinedwithintheprecedingsections.Mostimportantly,adeterminationmustbemade onwhetherornottheofficerhadadequategroundsforthearrest.Anarrestwithouta warrant canbemadeonlywhenthepersonhasbeenchargedwithacrimeinthedemandingstatethatis punishablebydeathorimprisonmentformorethanoneyear.Tomakesuchadetermination,the magistrateshouldplacetheofficerunderoathandquestionhimorheronthereasonsforthe arrest.Themagistrateshouldalsocarefullyexamineanyinformationtheofficerhaswhichled himorhertobelievetheindividualinquestionis,infact,afugitive.Thismightincludean NCICmessage,atelegramorletterfromanofficerinthedemandingstate,oracopyofthe demandingstateswarrantorindictment.Basedupontheofficerstestimonyandwritten materialpresented,themagistratemakesadeterminationonwhetherornotthepersonarrestedis orisnottheindividualchargedinthedemandingstate,andwhetherornotthereweresufficient groundsforthearrest.Themagistratedeterminesonlywhetherornotthepersonhasbeen charged.Nodeterminationismaderelatedtotheprobablecauseforthecharge.
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D.AnArrestbeforetheFugitivehasbeenChargedintheDemandingState Onextremelyrareoccasionsitmaybenecessarytoarrestafugitivebeforeheorshehasbeen formallychargedinthedemandingstate.Thistypicallyoccurswhenanindividualcommitsa crimeinaneighboringstateandfleesacrossVirginiasborder.Lawenforcementofficialsin Virginiamay,undersuchcircumstances,beaskedtoarrestthesuspectbeforeanappropriate officialinthedemandingstatecanbelocatedtoissueanarrestwarrant. AVirginiaarrestwarrantmustbeobtainedbytheVirginialawenforcementofficerbefore makinganarrestunderthesecircumstances.Amagistratetypicallyissuesthiswarrant.In issuingthewarrant,themagistratefollowsthesameproceduresaswouldbefollowedin chargingaVirginiaresidentwithacrime.Specifically,themagistrateplacesthelaw enforcementofficerunderoath,questionshimorheronthefactsinthecase,anddetermines whetherornot thereisprobablecausetobelievethattheindividualinquestioncommittedthe crime.Themerewordofalawenforcementofficialfromthedemandingstatethattheindividual committedthecrimeisinsufficientinthiscircumstance.Rather,themagistratemustbeprovided withenoughdetailtodetermineprobablecause. Onceprobablecausehasbeendetermined,themagistratewillissuetherequiredarrest warrant.Inthewarrantthemagistratewillindicatethatthecrimewascommittedagainstthe lawsofanotherstateanddetailthenameofthecrimeinquestion.Itisnotnecessaryforthe magistratetooutlinetheelementsoftheoffenseinthewarrant.
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CHAPTER8 THECLERKOFTHECOURT
Theclerkofthecourtplaysamajorroleintheschedulingofhearingdatesandcourt appearances,thehandlingofofficialextraditionpapers,andinthecertificationofofficials involvedintheextraditionprocess.Likemostactorsintheextraditionprocess,thenatureofthe roleplayedbytheclerkinanyspecificextraditionrequestdependsuponthecircumstancesofthe case,andparticularlywhetherVirginiaistheasylumorthedemandingstate.
A. TheClerksRoleWhenVirginiaistheAsylumState AftertheArrest WhenVirginiaistheasylumstate,theclerkbecomesinvolvedwiththeextraditioncase immediatelyafterthearrestofafugitive,whenheorsheistakenbeforethemagistrate.The clerk'sroleatthistimeistwofold:1)when thefugitivespapersareavailable,adocketnumberis assignedand2)theclerkschedulesanappearancebeforeajudgeatthefirstpossiblecourt session. Anearlyappearancebeforeajudgeiscrucialforseveralreasons.Itallowsthejudgeto outlinethechargesagainstthefugitive,explaintheextraditionprocess,reviewthelevelofbail setbythemagistrate(ifany),anddeterminewhetherornotthefugitiveiswillingtowaive extradition. WhenExtraditionisWaived Ifthefugitivewaivesextradition(Sec.19.2114oftheCodeofVirginia),thewaiveris acceptedbythejudgeandgiventotheclerkofthecourtforproperprocessing.Theoriginal waiverissenttotheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsoffice.Acopyofthewaiverisplacedin thefugitivescasefile,withanadditionalcopybeingsenttothejailwherethefugitiveisbeing held.Thelattercopyisfortransmittaltotheofficerfromthedemandingstatewhenheorshe takescustodyofthefugitive. Theclerkofthecourtisalsoresponsibleforensuringthatthecasefileiscomplete.In additiontothewaiver,thisfileshouldincludecopiesofallcorrespondencerelatedtothe fugitive. WhentheFugitiveDoesNotWaiveExtradition Whenextraditionisnotwaived,asomewhatdifferentprocessisemployed. Adocketnumber andinitialhearingdatearestillassigned.Ifextraditionisnotwaivedattheinitialhearing, however,thejudgewillfrequentlyruleonindigencean,ifnecessary,assignanattorneyto representthefugitive.Ifanattorneyisappointed,heorsheshouldbeprovidedwith:1)acopy oftheappointment2)acopyoftheformrefusingtowaiveextradition3)acopyofthearrest warrantand4)notificationofthenextcourtdate.
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Typicallythejudgewillcontinuethecasefor30daysfollowingtheinitialcourtappearance, withthedefendantbeingorderedtoreturntocourtatthattime.IntheabsenceofaGovernors Warrantbeingissued,thecasemayagainbecontinued.Ifnourgencyisbeingshownbythe demandingstateforcarryingoutaformalextradition,thejudgemaydecidetoreleasethe fugitive.Inanycase,theclerkofthecourtshould,followingthecourtdate,recordthe appropriateinformationoneitherthecommitmentpaperorreleaseform. WhenaGovernorsWarrantisissued,ifthefugitiveisnotincarcerated,thewarrantisgiven toanofficertotakethefugitiveintocustody.Thefugitiveisscheduledbytheclerkofthecourt forthenextcourtsession.Atthatsessionthejudgewillinformthefugitiveoftherighttoapply forawritofhabeascorpus,andthroughacontinuance,givehimorhersufficienttimetomakea decisioninthisregard.Ifthefugitivedoesnotmakeapplicationwithinthegiventimeframe,the judgewilltypicallyorderhimturnedovertoanagentfromthedemandingstate. Ifawritofhabeascorpusisappliedfor,thefugitivesdocketfileisforwardedtotheclerkof thecircuitcourt.Thecasethenbecomesapendingcourtcasetobesetforhearingbythe CommonwealthsAttorney. ThefinaldutyoftheclerkofthecourtwhenVirginiaistheasylumstateistoplaceacopyof theGovernor'sWarrantintheCircuitCourtfile.Thisisthecasewhetherthefugitiveisreleased withorwithoutahabeascorpushearing.
B. TheClerkoftheCourtsRoleWhenVirginiaistheDemandingState TheroleoftheclerkofthecourtismuchlessextensivewhenVirginiaisthedemandingstate inanextraditionproceeding.Herethebasicroleoftheclerkisthatofacertifyingofficer. Specifically,whentheCommonwealthsAttorneysubmitsarequestforextraditiontothe Governor,acopyofthearrestwarrantorindictmentmustbeincludedwithit.Thiscopymustbe certifiedbyeithertheofficialwhoissuedit, ortheclerkofthecourtwhoholdstheoriginal. Theclerkofthecourtalsocertifiesotherofficialswhocertifydocumentsrelatedtoany particularextraditioncase.ThesemayincludetheCommonwealthsAttorney,themagistrate,or thejudge.Likewise,theclerkofthecourtshouldbecertifiedbyajudgethatheorsheis,infact, theclerkofthecourt.
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CHAPTER9 THECOMMONWEALTHSATTORNEY
A. WhenVirginiaistheAsylumState PriortotheIssuanceofaGovernorsWarrant Whenafugitiveisfirstarrested,heorsheistypicallytakenbeforeamagistratewhoinforms himorherofthecharges,explainshisorherrightsunderthelaw,andmakesadeterminationon whetherornotbailwillbeallowed.(SeeSec.19.210119.2103oftheCodeofVirginia.)Bail canbeallowedunlessthefugitivehasbeenchargedwithacrimeinthedemandingstatewhichis punishablebyeitherdeathorlifeimprisonment. Typically,themagistratewillthenschedulean appearanceindistrictcourtattheearliestsessionpossible,althoughthefugitivecanbereleased forupto30daysonbail,beforeseeingajudge. Attheinitialappearanceindistrictcourtseveralthingswilloccur.Thejudgewillinformthe fugitiveofthecharges,makesurethatheorshehascopiesofboththearrestwarrantandthe magistratesorder,reviewbail,andappointanattorneyifdeemednecessary.Thejudgewillalso determineifthefugitiveiswillingtowaiveextradition.Ifheorsheis,thefugitivecanthen be releasedtoanauthorizedagentfromthedemandingstate.Ifthefugitiverefusestowaive extradition,thedistrictcourtjudgewilleitherallowthefugitivetocontinueonbondedreleaseor requirecontinuedconfinementforaperiodofupto30daysfrominitialarrest,awaitingthe issuanceofaGovernorsWarrant. WhenaFugitiveSeeksaWritofHabeasCorpus Ifthefugitiveseeksawritofhabeascorpus,theCommonwealthsAttorneywillbenotifiedby theclerkofthecourt,andwillrepresenttheCommonwealthatthehearingincircuitcourt.(See Sec.19.295oftheCodeofVirginia.)Fourissuesareopenfordiscussionatthishearing: Thatthedemandforextraditionwaspursuedaccordingtoproperform Theidentityofthefugitive Whethertheindividualbeingextraditedisafugitivefromthedemandingstateand Whetherthedefendanthasbeenproperlychargedwithacrime. Avarietyofdocumentsarefrequentlynecessarytodemonstratethattheextraditionwasmade inproperform. Thesetypicallyincludecopiesoftheindictmentorarrestwarrant,togetherwith supportingaffidavits,usedtochargethedefendantinthedemandingstate.Wheretheindividual beingextraditedhasescapedfromimprisonment,orbrokenthetermsofbail,probationor parole,thedemandingstateshouldprovidecopiesofthejudgementofconviction,togetherwith astatementoutliningthattheindividualescapedorviolatedbail,probationorparole. Issuesrelatedtothefugitivesidentitycanfrequentlybeeasilyhandledwhenaphotographor fingerprintsaccompanytheextraditionpapers.Awitnessforthedemandingstatemayalsobe helpfultodocumentthattheindividualbeingextradited,is,infact,thefugitive.Problems relatedtotheidentityofthefugitivearelessenedsomewhatbythefactthatitisthedefendant,
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ratherthanthestate,thathastheburdenofproofinthissituation.Thatis,thedefendantmustbe abletodemonstratethatheorsheisnotthefugitive. Aswiththeissueofidentity,oncethedefendantisidentifiedintheGovernorsWarrantasa fugitivefromthedemandingstate,theburdenshiftstothedefendanttoshowotherwise.Thus, theissueofwhetherornotthedefendantisafugitivefromthedemandingstateisnotasdifficult asmightbeimagined.Generallythedefendantwillnotprevailinthissituationunlesshisorher presencewasrequiredforthecommissionofthecrime,andheorshecandemonstrateapresence elsewhereatthetimeitwascommitted. Theonlyotherwaythedefendantcangainreleasethroughhabeascorpusisbydemonstrating thathisorheracts,accordingtorelevantstatutesofthestateinquestion,donotconstitutea crime.Again,theburdenisonthedefendanttorefute theallegationsintheGovernorsWarrant. Itisnotappropriateinthissituationtoconsiderguiltorinnocence,motivesofthedemanding state,constitutionalissuesrelatedtotheabilityofthedefendanttoreceiveafairtrialinthe demandingstate,etc.Theonlyotherjustificationthatmightapplywouldbethedefendants abilitytoshowgreatlikelihoodofbeingsubjecttocruelandunusualpunishmentinthe demandingstate. IfVirginiahasChargedtheFugitive Theextraditionprocessiscomplicatedsomewhatwhenthefugitiveisalsochargedwitha crimeintheCommonwealth.TheGovernormaydelayextraditioninthissituation.(SeeSec. 19.2115oftheCodeofVirginia.)ItisincumbentontheCommonwealthsAttorneyforthe jurisdictionwherethefugitiveisbeingheldtonotifytheGovernorthatachargeispending beforeaGovernorsWarrantisissued.
B. WhenVirginiaistheDemandingState WhenVirginiaisthedemandingstate,theCommonwealthsAttorneyhasthreemajor responsibilities:1)toevaluateeachcasetodeterminewhethertheCommonwealthshouldseek extradition2)topreparethenecessaryextraditionpapersand3)toidentifytheagentstobesent totheasylumstatetoretrievethefugitive. DeterminingiftheFugitiveShouldbeExtradited Avarietyoffactorsmustbeconsideredindeterminingwhetherornotitisappropriatetoseek theextraditionofafugitive.Thesefactorsinclude: Thenatureoftheoffense Theseriousnessofthecrime Potentialchallengesagainstevidenceormethodsofinvestigation Previousconvictions Thelikelihoodofthecommissionofadditionalcrimesbythefugitive Thepotentiallengthandimpactofimprisonmentonthefugitive ThelikelihoodthattheextraditionwouldbegrantedbytheGovernoroftheasylum stateand Thepotentiallossofthedeterrenteffectonothers,ifthefugitiveisnotextradited.
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PreparingtheExtraditionPapers ThepaperworkforanextraditionispreparedintheofficeoftheCommonwealthsAttorney, typicallybyanAssistantCommonwealthsAttorneyoradministrativeassistant.Frequentlythe lawenforcementofficerwhobroughtthecasetotheattentionoftheCommonwealths Attorneysofficewillalsoassist. Avarietyofdocumentsarerequiredtofacilitatethisprocess.(SeeSec.19.287oftheCode ofVirginia.) Copiesofanindictmentorarrestwarrant Ifanindictmenthasbeenissued,itshouldbeused. Ifneithertheindictmentnorwarrantisavailable,itisincumbentupontheCommonwealths Attorneytohaveoneissued.Regardlessofwhichisused,thedocumentshouldbecarefully reviewedtoensurethatitproperlychargestheoffenseandcitesthestatutesviolated.Ifan indictmentisuseditmustbesignedbytheforeman. Affidavit(s) Anaffidavit,generallyfromeitherthevictimortheinvestigatingofficer,must accompanythearrestwarrant.Thisdocumentshouldcontainsufficientdetailtoestablish probablecauseforissuanceofthewarrant,andshouldbeswornbeforeeitheramagistrateora judge.Thedateontheaffidavitshouldbethesameorearlierthanthatonthearrestwarrantso thatitcanbedemonstratedthattheaffidavitwasthebasisonwhichthewarrantwasissued.If thisisnotthecase,anewwarrantshouldbeissued.Typically,anaffidavitisnotnecessary whenanindictmentisthechargingdocument,althoughsomestatesprefertohaveitincluded. Theapplicationforarequisition Thisformmustinclude: Thefugitivesfullnameandaliases,properlyspelled Astatementthat,intheopinionoftheCommonwealthsAttorney,thefugitivemust bereturnedsothattheendsofpublicjusticeareserved Astatementconfirmingthatsufficientinformationexiststoconvictthefugitive InformationontheagentswhowillreturnthefugitivetoVirginia,includingtheirfull namesandtitles,aswellasastatementindicatingthattheyareproperpersonsand havenointerestinthearrestorconvictionoffugitive Astatementrelatedtoanypreviousapplicationforrequisitionindicatingappropriate datesandthereasonsforthecurrentrequest Astatementrelatedtothecurrentstatusofthefugitive,togetherwiththesourceof thatinformation Astatementthattheextraditionisnotbeingsoughtforthepurposesofcollectionofa debtorforanyprivatepurpose,andthatiftherequestishonoredtheproceedingswill notbeusedforsuchpurposes Adetailedstatementrelatedtothecrime,includingthestatutesviolated,andthetime, dateandplacethecrimetookplace AstatementthatthefugitivewasinVirginiawhenthecrimewascommittedorthat thepersoncommittedanactinanotherstatethatresultedinaVirginiacrimeand
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Anexplanationwhytherewasadelayinmakingapplicationforrequisition,ifforany reasontherehasbeenone. Copiesofthestatutethefugitiveischargedwithviolating Informationforidentificationofthefugitive Whenavailable,thisinformationshould includefingerprints,aphotographand/oraphysicaldescriptionofthefugitive.Ifaphotois included,itshouldbesupplementedwithanaffidavitindicatingthatthepersonshownisthe individualchargedwiththecrime. Certifications Documentsrelatedtotheextraditionprocesssuchaswarrantsandaffidavits mustbecertifiedbytheindividualissuingthem(themagistrateorjudge).Theclerkofthecourt maycertifycopieswhenheorsheistheholderoftheoriginal.Moreover,individualswho withintheirofficialcapacitiesissuesuchdocumentsmustbecertifiedastotheirofficial positions.Thisisaccomplishedthroughatriplecertificationprocedure.Whenamagistrateor judgecertifiesadocument,theclerkofthecourtisthencertifiedbythejudgeofthecircuitcourt. Thentheclerkmustcertifytheofficialpositionofthejudgewhocertifiedtheclerk.Finally,the clerkofthecourtmustcertifytheCommonwealthsAttorneywhosubmitstheapplication.Ifthe caseoriginatesin thedistrictcourt,thecertificationisrequiredinboththedistrictandthecircuit court.
IdentifyingtheAgentstoRetrievetheFugitive ThefinalareaofinvolvementofCommonwealthsAttorneysisintheidentificationofagents togototheasylumstatetoretrievethefugitiveafterextraditionhasbeenapprovedorwaived. (SeeSec.19.2108oftheCodeofVirginia.)Assuggestedwithintheprevioussectionofthis manual,thenamesandtitlesofsuchindividuals,togetherwithastatementthattheyareproper personsandhavenoprivateinterestineitherthearrestorconvictionofthefugitive,mustbe includedwithintheapplicationforrequisition. Innamingtheagents,theCommonwealthsAttorneyshouldtakeanumberoffactorsinto consideration.First,asamatterofpolicy,onlyVirginialawenforcementofficersshallbeused asagentsfortheCommonwealthofVirginiainreturningafugitivetothisstate.Second,atleast oneoftheofficerssenttoretrievethefugitiveshallbeofthesamesexasthefugitive.Finally, otherfactorsbeingequal,itisalwaysbesttohavetheinvestigatingofficeror lawenforcement officerfamiliarwiththecasenamedasanagent.
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CHAPTER10 JUDGESOFTHEDISTRICTANDCIRCUITCOURTS
Judgesofthedistrictandcircuitcourtshavemajorrolesintheextraditionprocesswhen Virginiaisthestateofasylumforafugitive.Thedistrictcourtjudge,inparticular,hasmajor responsibilitiesfor:informingfugitivesoftheirrightssettingand/orreviewingbaildetermining theneedforand,whereappropriate,appointingcounselevaluatingthelegalissuesassociated witheacharrestetc.Beingofahighercourt,thecircuitcourtjudgeislegallyempoweredand mayuponoccasionbecomeinvolvedwithextraditioninsimilarways.Moretypically,however, heorshewillbecomeinvolvedonlyafterthefugitiveappliesforawritofhabeascorpus.
A. TheRoleoftheDistrictCourtJudge Thedistrictcourtjudgegenerallybecomesinvolvedwiththeextraditionprocessafterthe fugitivehasalreadybeenarrested,althoughonrareoccasionsheorshemaybeaskedtoissuean arrestwarrant.Inthetypicalcase,thefugitivewillhavealreadyappearedbeforeamagistrate who,asoutlinedinaprecedingsection,determinesifthereweresufficientgroundsforanarrest, informsthefugitiveofthechargesagainsthimorher,determineswhetherornottoallowbail, andordersthefugitivetoappearincourtonthenextavailablecourtday.(See Sec.19.2101of theCodeofVirginia.) Atthefirstappearanceindistrictcourt,thejudgewilltypicallyusetheappearanceforfive purposes: 1) Toinformthefugitiveofthechargesagainsthim 2) Toconfirmthatthefugitivehasacopyofthearrestwarrantormagistratesorder 3) Todetermineifthelevelofbailsetbythemagistrate,ifany,wasappropriate 4) Toevaluatetheneedtoappointcounselforthefugitive,andtoappointsuch,if necessaryand 5) Toprovidethefugitivewiththeopportunity ofwaivingextradition. Oncethesetasksareaccomplished,thefugitiveiseitherreturnedtojailorreleasedonbail.In eithercase,unlessthefugitivewaivesextradition,heorsheistypicallyorderedbythejudgeto returntodistrictcourtonaspecifieddatewithin30days,withastipulationthatheorshemaybe requiredtoreturnsoonerintheeventthataGovernorsWarrantisissued. Atthenextappearanceincourt,thedistrictcourtjudgewillmakeadeterminationonwhether or notaGovernorsWarranthasbeenissued.Ifithasnotbeenissued,bondmaybecontinued orthefugitivemaybereconfinedtojailforuptoanadditional60daysawaitingtheissuanceof such.Inanycase,beforereconfinementofthefugitiveitisusefultodeterminefromeitherthe Commonwealth'sAttorneyortheappropriatelawenforcementofficerwhetherthedemanding stateisdiligentlypursuingextradition.Ifitisnot,itmaybeappropriatetoreleasethefugitiveat thistime.
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WhentheGovernorsWarrantisIssued OncetheGovernorsWarranthasbeenissued,theCodeofVirginiarequiresthatthefugitive appearbeforeajudgepriortobeingturnedovertotheagentofthedemandingstate(Sec.19.2 95).Atthiscourtappearancethejudgemust,asspecifiedintheCode,informthefugitiveofthe demandmadeforhissurrenderandofthecrimewithwhichheischarged,thathehasthe righttodemandandprocurelegalcounselandiftheprisonerorhiscounselshallstatethatheor theydesiretotestthelegalityofhisarrest,thejudgeortrialjusticeshallfixareasonabletimeto beallowedhimwithinwhichtoapplyforawritofhabeascorpus. Thefugitiveshouldbehelduntiltheexpirationofthetimelimitforapplyingforthewritof habeascorpus.Assoonasthetimelimithasbeenreached,thefugitivemaybeturnedoverto theagentfromthedemandingstate.OncetheGovernorsWarranthasbeenissued,itis recommendedthatbailnotbeallowed. WhenExtraditionisWaived Thefugitivemaywaiveextraditionandbedeliveredtoanagentfromthedemandingstateat anytimefollowinghisorherinitialarrest.(SeeSec.19.2114oftheCodeofVirginia.)Towaive extradition,thefugitivemustappearbeforeajudgeandstate,inwriting,thatheorsheconsents tobeingreturnedtothedemandingstate.Atthisappearanceandbeforethewaiverisactually signed,thejudgemustinformthefugitivethatheorshehastherighttorefusetowaive extradition,andthatifaGovernorsWarrantisissued,awritofhabeascorpusmaybeapplied for. Oncethewaiverofextraditionissigned,theoriginalisforwardedtotheGovernors ExtraditionSpecialistintheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsOfficeandacopyisgiventothe agentfromthedemandingstate.Thejudgethenordersthefugitivereleasedtotheagentorheld injailuntiltheagentarrives.
B. TheRoleoftheCircuitCourtJudge Assuggestedatthebeginningofthischapter,thecircuitcourtjudgepossessesallthelegal powersofthedistrictcourtjudgeandmay,whencircumstancesdictate,assumemanyofthe sameresponsibilitiesoutlinedabove.Moretypically,however,thecircuitcourtjudgedoesnot becomeinvolvedinextraditionproceduresunlessaGovernorsWarrantisissuedandthe fugitivechoosestoapplyforawritofhabeascorpus(Sec.19.295oftheCodeofVirginia).The hearingonthewritofhabeascorpusislimitedtodiscussingfourmajorissues: 1) 2) 3) 4) Thatthedemandforextraditionwaspursuedaccordingtoproperform Theidentityofthefugitive Whethertheindividualbeingextraditedisafugitivefromthedemandingstateand Whethertheindividualsubjecttoextraditionhasbeenproperlychargedwithacrime.
DeterminingiftheExtraditionwasPursuedaccordingtoProperForm
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Thecircuitcourtjudgemustexamineanumberofitemstodeterminethattheextraditionhas beenmadeinproperform.Paramountonthislistofitemsistheindictmentorarrestwarrant, togetherwithsupportingaffidavitsusedtochargethedefendantinthedemandingstate.The indictment,information,orarrestwarrantandsupportingaffidavitmustbothchargethefugitive beingextraditedwithacrimeinthedemandingstate,andbeauthenticatedbythatstates governor.Wheretheindividualbeingextraditedhasescapedfromimprisonmentorbrokenthe termsofbail,probationorparole,acopyofthedemandingstatesjudgementofconviction, togetherwitastatementoutliningthattheindividualescapedorviolatedbail,probationorparole shouldbeincludedwiththeextraditionpapers.Chargesarenotinvalidatedbyminorwording defects,noristhereanyspecificformbywhichthegovernorofthedemandingstate authenticatesthechargingdocuments. AlthoughVirginiahasnocaselawonpoint,otherjurisdictionshaveheldthatissuanceofthe GovernorsRenditionWarrantisconclusiveofthequestionwhethertheotherstatesRequisition Warrantisinproperform. DeterminingIdentity Issuesrelatedtotheidentityofthefugitivecanfrequentlybeeasilymanagedwhena photographorfingerprintsaccompanytheextraditionpapers.Awitnessfromthedemanding statemayalsobehelpfultodocumentthattheindividualbeingextraditedis,infact,thefugitive. Problemsrelatedtotheidentityofthefugitivearelessenedsomewhatbythefactthatitisthe defendant,ratherthanthestate,whichhastheburdenofproofinthissituation.Thatis,the defendantmustbeabletodemonstratethatheisnot thefugitive. DeterminingFugitiveStatus Aswiththeissueofidentity,oncethedefendantisidentifiedintheGovernorsWarrantasa fugitivefromthedemandingstate,theburdenshiftstohimorhertoshowotherwise.Thus,the issueoffugitivestatusisnotasdifficultasmightbeimagined.Generallyinthissituationthe defendantmustprovethathisorherpresencewasrequiredforthecommissionofthecrimein thedemandingstate,andthatheorshewaselsewhereatthetimeofitscommission.Reasonsfor thedefendantleavingthestateareirrelevant. TheCorrectnessoftheCharge Theonlyotherjustificationforgainingreleasethroughhabeascorpusisbydemonstratingthat hisorheracts,accordingtorelevantstatutesofthestateinquestion,donotconstituteacrime. Again,theburdenisonthedefendanttorefutetheallegationintheGovernorsWarrant.Itisnot appropriateinthissituationtoconsiderguiltorinnocenceofthefugitive,motivesofthe demandingstate,constitutionalissuesrelatedtotheabilityofthedefendanttoreceiveafairtrial inthedemandingstate,prisonconditions,etc.Infact,theonlyotherjustificationthatmight applywouldbethedefendantsabilitytoshowgreatlikelihoodofbeingsubjecttocrueland unusualpunishmentinthedemandingstate.
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CHAPTER11 EXTRADITIONOFJUVENILES
ThereisnoclearauthorityinVirginiaregardingtheextraditionofjuvenileoffenders. Althoughthereisastatutorybasisforreasoningthatjuvenilesmaybeextraditedinthesame mannerasadults,thereisnoVirginiacaselawapplyinganystatutoryprovisionsinjuveniles.In jurisdictionsthathaveconfrontedtheissueofjuvenileextraditionofminors,andtherefore judicialauthoritiesconcedethatjuvenilesmaybeextraditedinthesamemannerasadults.
A. SourcesofInformation 1. TheUniformCriminalExtraditionAct(UCEA)(Sec.19.284through19.2118). The UCEAprovidesthattheGovernorshallhaveanypartychargedwithspecificcrimesinastate arrestedandreturned.However, theCodeofVirginia(1950)asamendedalsoprovidesthat juvenileanddomesticrelationscourtsshallhaveoriginalandexclusivejurisdictioninallcases whereachildisallegedtobeabused,neglected,inneedofservicesordelinquent(Sec.16.1 241).Becausejurisdictionforjuvenileoffensesisintheoriginalandexclusivejurisdictionofthe juvenilecourts,noindictmentispermittedforajuvenileoffenderpriortohisarrest.Thusitis questionablewhetheranunindictedjuvenilesuspectissubjecttotheprovisionsoftheUCEA. AnotherareainwhichtheapplicationoftheUCEAislessthanclearrelatestoactsof delinquency.TheCode(Sec.16.1228)providesthatadelinquentchildisonewhohas committedadelinquentact.Adelinquentactisanactdesignatedacrimeunderthelaw exceptwithregardtothoseactsthatareonlyunlawfulifcommittedbyachild.TheUCEA appliestofeloniesorothercrimes.ThereisnorulinginVirginiastatingthatadelinquentact qualifiesundertheUCEAasafelonyorothercrime.
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CHAPTER12 OTHERCASESREQUIRINGSPECIALCONSIDERATION
Thereareavarietyofothercaseswheresomevariationsinextraditionproceduresare required.Thesesituationsarediscussedbelow.
A.WaiverofExtraditionbyParolees Accordingtosomecourts,undertheUCEA,aprereleaseagreementbyaparoleetowaive extraditionisvalidandwillallowtheasylumstatetoreturntheparoleetothedemandingstate withouttheformalitiesofextradition.Thisistrueeventhoughtheparoleeisnotintheasylum statebyreasonoftheUniformActforOutofStateParoleeSupervision(UAOPS)and regardlessofthefactthatextraditionproceedingsarepending.Absentcoercionoftheparolee, theexecutionofawaiverasaconditionofprobationdoesnotrenderthewaiverinvoluntary. WhentheparoleeisintheasylumstatebyreasonoftheUAOPS,awaiverofextraditionis notrequired.Allstatesagreethattheparoleecanbereturnedwithoutthedemandingstate extraditinghimorher,andtheparoleedoesnotgettochoosewhetherheorsheisextraditedoris returnedunderthesummaryproceedingsoftheUAOPS. Inmoststates,iftheparoleehassignedawaiverofextraditionheorsheneednotbe extraditedevenifnotintheasylumstatebyreasonoftheUAOPS.Itisrecommendedthata Virginiacourtvalidatethewaiverbeforecustody istransferredtotheagentsofthedemanding state. TheUAOPShasbeenheldtobeconstitutional,independentoftheUniformCriminal ExtraditionAct(UCEA),becauseextraditionisnotexclusive.Theasylumstatemayrequirethe governortosurrenderthefugitiveontermsmoreexactingthanthoseimposedbyanActof Congress.Theextraditionprovisionsdonotoperateforthebenefitofthefugitivetheparolee hasnorighttochoosebywhichmeanshewillbereturned.Theprevalentcaselawdoesnotseem tomakeanydistinctionbetweenparoleesandprobationers.Botharetreatedthesameway,and theUAOPScoversboth.
B. FugitiveEscapedFromCustodyorViolatedBail,ProbationorParole DifferentextraditiondocumentsareneededwhenthefugitivehasbeenconvictedinVirginia andescapedfromcustodyorleftthestateinviolationoftheconditionsofhisbail,paroleor probation.(SeeSec.19.2110of CodeofVirginia.)TheCommonwealthsAttorney orthesheriff ifthepersonwasinjailawaitingtransfertotheDepartmentofCorrectionsorwasoutofjail pendingappeal,shouldpreparetheapplication.IfthefugitiveescapedfromtheDepartmentof Correctionscustody,theapplicationshouldbemadebytheDirectoroftheDepartmentof Corrections,ortheappropriateCommonwealthsAttorney.ForafugitivewholeftVirginiain
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violationofconditionsofbail,probationorparole,theapplicationshouldbemadebythe CommonwealthsAttorneyforthecityorcountywherethefugitiveviolatedthoseconditions. Theapplicationforrequisitionshouldbeaccompaniedbythefollowingitems: Theindictment(orthearrestwarrant,ifthefugitivewastriedonawarrant). Thejudgmentofconvictionandsentenceonwhichthepersonwasbeingheldwhenthe escapeoccurred,orthedocumentconveyingthetermsofbailment. Anaffidavitreportinghowtheescapeoccurredfromtheofficerfromwhosecustodythe personescaped. Anyrecordoftheescape,includingphotographsandfingerprints. Theclerkof thecourtpossessingtheoriginalsofthesedocumentsmustcertifytheauthenticityof theindictment(orwarrant),thejudgmentofconvictionandsentence.Theclerkofthecourt shouldalsocertifytheofficialpositionofthepersonwhomadetheaffidavitthatdescribesthe fugitivesescape.Theclerkofthecourtsofficialpositionmustbecertifiedbyajudgeandthe judgesofficialpositionmustbecertifiedbytheclerkofthecourt.
C.UnitedStatesMilitaryPersonnel Anapplicationfor theextraditionofsomeoneonactivedutywiththeU.S.armedservices mustbeaccompaniedbyanagreementfromtheappropriaterequestingauthoritiesthatthe followingwillbeaccomplished: Thefugitivescommandingofficerwillbeinformedoftheoutcomeofthefugitivestrial Ifdesiredbymilitaryauthorities,thefugitivewillbereturnedtomilitary authoritiesattheplacewhereheorshewastakenintocustody,ortakento thenearestreceivingship,stationorbarracksifacquitted,oronthecompletion Of sentence. IfthecrimeisafelonyandtherequisitionismadethroughtheGovernorsOffice,this agreementwillbepreparedbytheGovernorsOffice.Ifthecrimeismisdemeanor,the appropriateCommonwealthsAttorneyorotherofficialapplyingfortherequisitionshould preparetheagreement.Regardless,theagreementshouldbeinletterformandsenttothe Secretaryoftheappropriatebranchoftheservice.
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WhenextraditionfromanIndianreservationissought,thedemandingstatesproceduresare essentiallythesameforotherextraditions(i.e.,theprosecutorsendshisapplicationand supportingdocumentstotheGovernor,whoattachesthemtohisrequisitionandsendsthe packagetotheasylumstatesgovernor).However,thetreatmentoftherequestandthe proceduresrequiredbytheasylumstatedependonwhetherthestate orthetribehasjurisdiction overcriminaloffensescommittedbyoragainstNativeAmericansinIndiancountrywithinthat state. Under18U.S.C.A.1162(a),thestatesofAlaska(withoneexception),California,Minnesota (withoneexception),Nebraska,Oregon(withoneexception)andWisconsinhavejurisdiction overNativeAmericansonreservationsincriminaljusticematters.Intheremainingstates, jurisdictiondependsonwhetherornotatribehasacodifiedextraditionprocedure. Whereacodifiedprocedurehasbeen enacted,itmustbefollowedsincetheasylumstates authoritieshavenoindependentauthoritytoenterthereservationtotakecustodyofthefugitive. Theproceduretypicallyrequiresthatallpertinentdocuments,plusacoverletterindictingthe demandingstatesintentiontoextradite,bepresentedtothetribalcouncilortribalcourt.That bodywillreviewtherequestanddeterminewhethertorenderthefugitiveforextradition. Wherethereisnocodifiedtribalextraditionprocedure,asylumstateauthoritiesmayenterthe reservationandtakethefugitiveintocustodyinthesamemannerastheycouldinanyotherpart oftheirstate. Notwithstandingthefactthatanyasylumstatehasauthoritytoenterareservationtotake custodyofafugitive,eitherunder18U.S.C.A.1162(a)orbecausethetribehasnocodified extraditionprocedure,properrespectfortribalsovereigntymustbeshown.Tothisend,the BureauofIndianAffairssuggeststhatpriortoenteringthereservationtomakethearrest,the tribalcouncilorcourtbeconsultedandpresentedwiththeappropriatedocumentsinaneffortto determineproperprotocol.
E. OtherSpecialCases FugitivesoutoftheUnitedStates Incasesofinternationalextradition,theappropriate CommonwealthsAttorneysfirsstepinaninternationalfugitivecaseshouldbetocontactthe OfficeofInternationalAffairs(OIA (202)5140000.Everyformalrequestforinternational extraditionbasedonFederalorstatecriminalchargesmustbereviewedandapprovedbyOIA. AttorneysinOIAwilladviseprosecutorsaboutthepotentialforextraditioninagivencaseand thestepstobefollowed. TheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsofficewillprocesstherequest, addtheGovernorsendorsement,andsendittotheDepartmentofJusticeinWashington. FugitivesinUnitedStatesPossessions IfthefugitiveisinaU.S.territory,the CommonwealthsAttorneycompletestheextraditionpapersandsendsthemtotheGovernor. TheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsofficewillprocesstherequest,additsendorsement,and sendittotheterritorialgovernor.
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FugitivesintheDistrictofColumbia IfthefugitiveisintheDistrictofColumbia,the appropriateCommonwealthsAttorneycompletestheextraditionpapersandsendsthemtothe Governor.TheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsofficewillprocesstherequest,addits endorsementandsendittotheChiefJudgeoftheSuperiorCourtoftheDistrictofColumbia. Renewaloftheapplication Whenanapplicationmustberenewedforexample,whenthe fugitivecouldnotbefoundinthestatefromwhichtherequisitionwasfirstsought neworre certifiedcopiesofthepapersrequiredforextraditionmustbefurnished. OtherStates SeeAppendixB.
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APPENDIXA
SAMPLEEXTRADITIONFORMATS
1.ReturnofFugitivesWhoHaveBeenIndicted 2.ReturnofFugitivesWhoHaveNotBeenIndicted 3.ReturnofFugitivesChargedwithViolationof Probation 4.ReturnofFugitivesChargedwithViolationofParole 5.CertificateforCopyofIndictment,etc. 6.CertificateforJudgeastoOfficialCharacterofClerk 7.CertificateforClerkastoOfficialCharacterof CommonwealthsAttorney 8.AgreementBetweenCommonwealthsAttorneyand ArmedForces
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APPLICATIONFORTHERETURNOFFUGITIVESWHO HAVEBEENINDICTED
CommonwealthofVirginia: City/Countyof___________________________:
ToHisExcellency,theGovernorofVirginia:
I, (CommonwealthsAttorneysName),CommonwealthsAttorneyfortheCity/Countyof (jurisdiction) respectfullyrequestthatarequisitionbeissuedforthereturnof (nameand aliasesoffugitive) whoisnowin (city/countyorparish,andstate) andchargedwith (list crime(s)) intheCity/Countyof (jurisdiction) ,andbeingafugitivefromjustice,andthatyou empower (title,firstandlastnameofVirginialawenforcementofficer(s) of (city/county),Virginiaindueformasauthorizedagentstoreceiveandreturn (nameofthe fugitiveandaliases) totheCommonwealthofVirginia.
Insupportofthisapplication,Icertifythat: 1.Thefullnameofthefugitiveforwhomextraditionisaskedis(nameandaliasesofthe fugitive) whowasintheCommonwealthofVirginiaatthetimeofthecommissionofthe crime 2.Inmyopinion,theendofpublicjusticerequiresthatthefugitivebebroughttothisStatefor trial,atthepublicexpense 3.Inmyopinion,Ihavesufficientevidencetosecuretheconvictionofthefugitive 4. ThenamesoftheagentsproposedtoreceiveandreturnthefugitivetoVirginiaare (title, firstandlastnameofVirginialawenforcementofficial(s))theproposedagent(s)areproper personsandhavenoprivateinterestinthearrestofthefugitive 5.Nootherapplicationhasbeenmadeforarequisitionofthefugitivegrowingoutofthesame transactionhereinalleged 6.Thefugitiveisnotknowntobeundereithercivilorcriminalarrestin(city/state)exceptas otherwisehereinsetforth 7.Thisapplicationisnotmadeforthepurposeofenforcingthecollectionofadebt,or forremovingthefugitivetoaforeignjurisdictionwithaviewtheretoservehimwith civilprocess,orforanyprivateinterestwhateverandiftherequisitionisgranted,the
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criminalproceedingshallnotbeusedforanyotherpurpose 8. Thenatureofthecrimewithwhichthefugitiveischargedis (listcrime(s))thiscrimeis definedandpunishmentisprescribedbySection_______oftheCodeofVirginia (1950)as amended 9. Therehasbeennodelayinmakingthisapplication 10. (Thenameandaliasesofthefugitive) isnowunderarrestin (city/county/parish,state) andisheldbythepoliceauthoritiesof (jurisdiction) 11. Thefugitivehasbeenindicted.
Respectfullysubmittedthis_____day of____________,2001.
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APPLICATIONFORTHERETURNOFFUGITIVESWHO HAVENOTBEENINDICTED
CommonwealthofVirginia: City/Countyof___________________________:
ToHisExcellency,theGovernorofVirginia:
I, (CommonwealthsAttorneysName),CommonwealthsAttorneyfortheCity/Countyof (jurisdiction) respectfullyrequestthatarequisitionbeissuedforthereturnof (nameand aliasesoffugitive) whoisnowin (renderingjurisdiction) andchargedwith (list crime(s)) in (city/county) of (state) ,andwithbeingafugitivefromjustice,andthatyou empower (title,firstandlastnameofVirginialawenforcementofficer(s) indueformas authorizedagents,toreceiveandreturn (nameofthefugitiveandaliases) tothe CommonwealthofVirginia.
Insupportofthisapplication,Icertifythat: 1.Thefullnameofthefugitiveforwhomextraditionisaskedis(nameandaliasesofthe fugitive) whowasintheCommonwealthofVirginiaatthetimeofthecommissionofthe crime 2.Inmyopinion,theendofpublicjusticerequiresthatthefugitivebebroughttothisStatefor trial,atthepublicexpense 3.Inmyopinion,Ihavesufficientevidencetosecuretheconvictionofthefugitive 4.ThenamesoftheagentsproposedtoreceiveandreturnthefugitivetoVirginiaare (title, firstandlastnameofVirginialawenforcementofficial(s))theproposedagent(s)areproper personsandhavenoprivateinterestinthearrestofthefugitive 5.Nootherapplicationhasbeenmadeforarequisitionofthefugitivegrowingoutofthesame transactionhereinalleged 6.Thefugitiveisnotknowntobeundereithercivilorcriminalarrestin(city/state) exceptasotherwisehereinsetforth 7.Thisapplicationisnotmadeforthepurposeofenforcingthecollection ofadebt,or forremovingthefugitivetoaforeignjurisdictionwithaviewtheretoservehimwith civilprocess,orforanyprivateinterestwhateverandiftherequisitionisgranted,the
42
criminalproceedingshallnotbeusedforanyotherpurpose 8. Thenatureofthecrimewithwhichthefugitiveischargedis (listcrime(s))thiscrimeis definedandpunishmentisprescribedbySection_______oftheCodeofVirginia (1950)as amended 9. Therehasbeennodelayinmakingthisapplication 10. (Thenameandaliasesofthefugitive) wasarrestedin (renderingjurisdiction) bythe policeauthoritiesof (renderingjurisdiction) forthecrimesallegedtohavebeen committedbyhim,accordingtotheinformationfurnishedmebytheauthoritiesof (renderingjurisdiction) 11. Thefugitivehasnotbeenindictedbecausehewasarrestedpursuanttoawarrantandis entitledtoapreliminaryhearingpriortoindictment.
Respectfullysubmittedthis_____day of____________,2001.
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APPLICATIONFORTHERETURNOFFUGITIVESCHARGED WITHVIOLATIONOFPROBATION
CommonwealthofVirginia: City/Countyof___________________________:
ToHisExcellency,theGovernorofVirginia:
I, (CommonwealthsAttorneysName),CommonwealthsAttorneyfortheCity/Countyof (jurisdiction) respectfullyrequestthatarequisitionbeissuedforthereturnof (nameand aliasesoffugitive) whoisnowin (renderingjurisdiction) andconvictedof (listcrime(s)) andhasviolatedthetermsofhis/herprobationintheCity/Countyof (jurisdiction) ,Virginia, asshownbytheOrderofConvictionenteredthereonon (date) intheCircuitCourtof (jurisdiction) ,andbytheletterofviolationofprobationfiledherewithandattachedheretoand withbeingafugitivefromjustice,andthatyouempower (title,firstandlastnameof Virginialawenforcementofficer(s) of (city/county),Virginiaindueformasauthorized agents,toreceiveandreturn (nameofthefugitiveandaliases) totheCommonwealthof Virginia.
Insupportofthisapplication,Icertifythat: 1.Thefullnameofthefugitiveforwhomextraditionisaskedis (nameandaliasesofthe fugitive) whowasonsupervisedprobationfromtheCircuitCourtof (jurisdiction),Virginia, fortheconvictionofthecrimeof (listcrime(s)) asnotedintheOrderofConvictionattached hereto 2. Inmyopinion,theendofpublicjusticerequiresthatthefugitivebebroughttothisStatefora hearingonhisviolationofprobation,atthepublicexpense 3.Inmyopinion,Ihavesufficientevidencetosecuretherevocationofsupervisedprobationof thefugitive 4.ThenamesoftheagentsproposedtoreceiveandreturnthefugitivetoVirginiaare (title, firstandlastnameofVirginialawenforcementofficial(s))theproposedagent(s)areproper personsandhavenoprivateinterestinthearrestofthefugitive 5.Nootherapplicationhasbeenmadeforarequisitionofthefugitivegrowingoutofthesame transactionhereinalleged 6.Thefugitiveisnotknowntobeundereithercivilorcriminalarrestinthe
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(renderingjurisdiction)
exceptasotherwisehereinsetforth
7.Thisapplicationisnotmadeforthepurposeofenforcingthecollectionofadebt,or forremovingthefugitivetoaforeignjurisdictionwithaviewtheretoservehimwith civilprocess,orforanyprivateinterestwhateverandiftherequisitionisgranted,the criminalproceedingshallnotbeusedforanyofthesaidobjects 8. ThenatureofthecrimewithwhichthefugitiveischargedisViolationofProbationandfor whichpunishmentisprescribedbySection_______oftheCodeofVirginia (1950)as amended 9. Therehasbeennodelayinmakingthisapplication 10. Thefugitivewasarrestedin (renderingjurisdiction) andisbeingheldbyauthorities, accordingtotheinformationreceivedfrom (locality).
Respectfullysubmittedthis_____day of____________,2001.
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APPLICATIONFORTHERETURNOFFUGITIVESCHARGED WITHVIOLATIONOFPAROLE
CommonwealthofVirginia: City/Countyof___________________________:
ToHisExcellency,theGovernorofVirginia:
Insupportofthisapplication,Icertifythat: 1. Thefullnameofthepersonforwhomrequisitionisaskedis (nameandaliasesofthe fugitive) 2. Thecrimeforwhichhewasconvictedis___________________________________. 3. ThatIhavecarefully examinedthecase,andbelievethatthefactsstatedinthe accompanyingproofaretrueandthattheendsofpublicjusticerequirethatthefugitivebe broughtbacktotheCommonwealthatpublicexpense 4. Theterritoryinwhichthefugitiveisbelievedtobeis (renderingjurisdiction) 5.Thelocationofthefugitiveatthetimetheapplicationismadeis (specificaddress) 6.Thisapplicationismadeingoodfaithandnotforthepurposeofenforcingthecollectionofa debtorforremovingthefugitivetoaforeignjurisdictionwithaviewtheretoservehimwith civilprocessorforanyprivatepurposewhatever,andthatifthefugitiveisreturnedtothe Commonwealth,theproceedingshallnotbeusedforanyofthesaidobjects 7.Therehasnotbeen asfarasIaminformedanyformerapplicationforarequisitionforthe samepersonforthesameoffensewhichisthebasisofthisapplication 8.ThefugitiveisafugitivefromVirginiaunderthefollowingsetoffacts.Hewasconvictedin the(listlocalcourt)for(listcrime(s)).Hewasgrantedparolesubjecttotheusualconditionsof paroleon(date),beforecompletionofthesentenceandwasreleasedfromtheVirginia DepartmentofCorrectionsonparole.On (date) ,reliableinformationhavingbeenpresentedto
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theVirginiaParoleBoardthatthefugitivehadviolatedtheconditionsofhisparole,awarrant wasissuedforhisarrestbyvirtueoftheauthorityvestedintheVirginiaParoleBoardbyTitle 53.1,Chapter4, CodeofVirginia (1950)asamended 9. Insupportofthisapplicationareattachedcertifiedcopiesoftheabovementionedconviction andsentencebythe (sentencingcourt) ,theindictmentofwhichsuchconvictionwas found,acopyofthewarrantoftheVirginiaParoleBoard,andtheConditionofParole,and eachsuchcopyisproperlyauthenticatedinaccordancewiththelawsofthecommonwealth ofVirginiaandthatIhavecarefullyexaminedthesecopiesoftheindictment,theconviction, thewarrant,andtheConditionsofParole.
Respectfullysubmittedthis_____day of____________,2001.
______________________________, Chair,VirginiaParoleBoard
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CERTIFICATEFORMATFORCOPYOF INDICTMENT,WARRANT,ETC.
CommonwealthofVirginia: City/Countyof______________________:
(SEALOFTHECOURT)
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CERTIFICATEFORMATFORJUDGEASTOTHE OFFICIALCHARACTEROFTHECLERK
CommonwealthofVirginia: City/Countyof__________________:
Givenundermyhand,this______dayof_________,and2001.
_______________________________ Judgeofthe___________CourtoftheCity/Countyof_______________,Virginia
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CERTIFICATEFORMATFORCLERKOFTHECOURTASTO THEOFFICIALCHARACTEROFTHECOMMONWEALTHSATTORNEY
CommonwealthofVirginia: City/Countyof________________:
I,_________________________,Clerkofthe__________CourtoftheCity/Countyof _______________,Virginia,certify that(nameoftheCommonwealthsAttorney),whose genuinesignatureisaffixedtotheforegoingcertificateis,andwasatthetimeofsigningthe same,CommonwealthsAttorneyfortheCity/Countyof________________.Ifurthercertify that (nameoftheCommonwealthsAttorney),CommonwealthsAttorneyforthe City/Countyof__________________,appearedbeforemethisday,and,afterbeingdulysworn, statedthatthefactscontainedintheforegoingpetitionweretruetothebestofhisknowledgeand belief.
____________________________, Clerkofthe____________CourtoftheCity/Countyof____________,Virginia
(SEALOFTHECOURT)
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FORMATFORAGREEMENTBETWEENCOMMONWEALTHSATTORNEYAND THEARMEDFORCES
_____________________ (Date)
Iagree,pursuanttotheauthorityvestedinmeasCommonwealthsAttorneyfortheCity/County of___________,Virginia,thatthecommandingofficerinchargeofthe (branchofservice, nameofbaseorstation,cityandstate) andtheSecretaryof the (branchofservicenameof baseorstationlocation) willbeinformedofthetrialsoutcomeandthat (nameoffugitive) willbereturnedto (nameofbranchofservice) authoritiesattheplaceofdeliverynamed above,ortosuchotherplaceasmaybedesignatedbythe (nameofbranchofservice),or issuedtransportationto (nameandlocation),thenearestreceivingship,stationorbase, withoutexpensetotheUnitedStatesortothepersondelivered,immediatelyonthecompletion ofthetrialifthepersonisacquitted,orimmediatelyonsatisfyingthesentenceofthecourtishe isconvictedandasentenceimposed,oranotherdispositionmadeofthiscase,provided (name ofbranchofservice) authoritiesthendesirehisreturn.
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APPENDIXB
52
SPECIALSTATEREQUIREMENTS
Individualstatesandterritorieshaveintroducedspecialrequirementswithwhichthe demandingjurisdictionmustcomplytofacilitateextradition.Theseadditionalrequirementsare asfollows:
STATE Alabama
Alaska
Theextraditionpackagemustincludeafullshowingofprobable cause.Thismaybeaccomplishedin oneofthefollowingways: 1. Anindictment,apreliminaryhearingfindingororder,oradocument showingonitsfacethatajudicialofficerhasfoundprobablecause. 2. Anarrestwarrant,alongwithacopyofthestatute,courtruleor appellateopinionwhichrequiresthatprobablecausebefoundpriorto issuanceofawarrant. 3. Anaffidavitmadebeforeamagistrateestablishingprobablecausebya witnesswithpersonalknowledgeofthefacts.
Arizona
Inclusionofphotographsandphotoaffidavitorcertifiedfingerprints.
Arkansas
Mustshowprobablecause. I.D.requiredphotoand/orfingerprints.
California Colorado
Connecticut
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Incasewherefugitiveisfemale,femaleagentmustbenamed.
Delaware
Mustincludeshowingofprobablecause.
DistrictofColumbia Mustincludeshowingofprobablecause.
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Iowa
Documentsmustincludethewarrantandidentification.
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Identificationisrequiredphotograph/fingerprintsorphysical description.
Maine
Mustincludeidentificationandshowingofprobablecause.
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Maryland
Michigan
Minnesota
Mustincludeshowingofprobablecause.
Mississippi
Mustincludeidentification.
Missouri
Nebraska
Nevada
NewHampshire
NewJersey
NewMexico
NewYork
Specificdesignationofagentbyname,titleandagency. Nameoffemaleagentforafemalefugitive.
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Properidentification,copyofstatutesviolated.
NorthCarolina
Thewarrantmustbebasedonthechargingdocument.Theagent mustbedesignatedbyname.
Ohio
Mustincludeshowingofprobablecauseandidentification.A femaleagentmustbenamedforafemalefugitive.
Oklahoma
Afemaleagentmustbenamedforafemalefugitive.
Pennsylvania
Identificationisrequired.
PuertoRico
RhodeIsland Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
VirginIslands
Thedemandingstatemustindicateinthecoverletterthelocation
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ofthefugitiveintheVirginIslands.
Wisconsin
Extraditiondocumentsmustincludeashowingofprobablecause oranarrestwarrantissuedbyajudgeormagistrate.
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OTHERSTATESEXTRADITIONTIMELIMITS
Thenumberofdaysavailabletoperfectagovernorswarrantvariesineachstate.The followingtableisusedasageneralguidetodeterminethemaximumnumberofdaysineach statebeforethefugitivechargewillbedismissed.
STATE Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada NewMexico NewHampshire NewJersey NewYork North Carolina NorthDakota Ohio
NUMBEROFDAYS 60(fromarrest) 90 90 60 90 90 90 90 90(fromarrest) 90 90(fromarrest) 60 60(CookCounty/Chicagoallows90) 90(VigoCountyallows30daysfromdateofarrest) 90 90 90 30daysfromarresttostartproceedings,thenupto90 90 60 90(fromarrest) 90 90(fromarrest) 90 90 90 60,90underspecialcircumstances 30daysfromarresttostartproceedings,thenupto90 60(exceptSantaFeCountyis30) 90 90 90(fromarrest) 90(fromarrest) 90 60
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Oklahoma Oregon
90 90(formost) ClackamasCounty 30 CurryCounty 30tostart,then30more DouglasCounty 45 JacksonCounty 45 LaneCounty 30 LincolnCounty 45 LinnCounty 30 MarionCounty 14tostart,then14to21more MultnomahCounty 30 WascoCounty 30(fromarraignment) WashingtonCounty 30(fromarraignment) Pennsylvania 90 RhodeIsland 90 SouthCarolina 90 SouthDakota 90(exceptMoodyCountyis30) Tennessee 90 Texas 90ifincustodynotimelimitusuallyifonbailorbond Utah 60 Vermont 90 Virginia 90 Washington 90 Washington,D.C. 30 WestVirginia 30,then60moreifpaperworkisstarted Wisconsin 90(fromarrest) Wyoming 90 NOTE:Thetimelimitsmayvaryfromthedateofarrest,dateofarraignment,ordatethat identificationisestablished.
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APPENDIXC
REQUISITIONAPPLICATIONSCHECKLIST
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REQUISITIONAPPLICATIONATTACHMENTSCHECKLIST
WARRANT
GENERALDISTRICTCOURTAND JUVENILEANDDOMESTICRELATIONSDISTRICTCOURT(Adult)
Certifiedcopyofwarrant Ifitisafailuretoappear,certifiedcopyofFTAwarrantand arrestingwarrant AffidavitorCriminalComplaintswornbeforejudgeor magistrate. NOTE: Iffugitiveisin NewYork,NewJerseyor Texastheaffidavitorcriminalcomplaintmustbedatedthesame dateorpredatethewarrant Photograph NOTE: Ifyoudonothaveamugshotandthe asylumstaterequiresphotoIDintherequisition obtainphoto fromarrestingagencyanddoaphotoaffidavitorobtain photographfromDMV Fingerprints(ifavailable) Copyofstatutethatdefinesthecrimeorcrimesforwhich thefugitiveischarged
INDICTMENT CircuitCourt
CertifiedcopyofCapias CertifiedcopyofIndictment Photograph NOTE: Ifyoudonothaveaphotographonfile andtheasylumstaterequiresphotoIDintherequisition obtain photographfromarrestingagencyanddoaphotoaffidavitor obtainphotographfromDMV Fingerprints(ifavailable) Copyofstatutethatdefinesthecrimeorcrimesforwhich thefugitiveischarged
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VIOLATIONOF PROBATION
CircuitCourt
Certifiedcopyofcapias Certifiedcopyofindictment(s) Certifiedcopyofconviction/sentencingorder(s) CertifiedcopyofletterfromProbationandParolestating violationandrequestingrevocation Photograph Fingerprints
NONSUPPORT EXTRADITION
Certifiedcopyofwarrantfornonsupport Affidavitthatallcivilremedieshavebeenexhausted(most Governorsrequiresuchashowingbeforetheywillhonoran extraditionrequestandtheaffidavitshouldtracetheprocedural historyofthecaseinsupportoftheallegationthatcivilremedies havebeentriedatleast60dayspriortotheapplicationorthat theywouldbefutile) Certifiedcopyoforderimposingsupportobligation Fingerprints(ifavailable) Photograph NOTE: Ifyoudonothaveaphotographandthe asylumstaterequiresphotoIDintherequisition obtain photographfromarrestingagencyanddoaphotoaffidavitor obtainaphotographfromDMV
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APPENDIXD
TRAVELORDERREQUEST POLICYANDFORM
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TRAVELORDERREQUESTSPOLICY
1) Thetravelordermustberequestedandapprovedbeforetheofficersleavetopickupthe fugitive.Iftraveloccurspriortoapproval,reimbursementwillnotbemade. 2) Notravelorderwillbeissuedbeforethefugitivewaivesextradition. 3) WhenrequestingatravelorderforthepurposeofreturningafugitivetoVirginia,please providetheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsOfficewiththefollowinginformation: A) Thenameandgenderofthedefendant B) Thedefendantscharge(s)inyourjurisdiction C) Thecity/countyandstatewherethefugitiveisbeingheld D) Thetitles,fullnamesandgenderoftheofficerswhowillbetransportingthefugitive E) Thedatethefugitivesignedthewaiverofextraditionandcopyofthewaiver F) Thedatetheofficerswillcommencetravel 4) Oneoftheofficersmustbeofthesamegenderasthefugitivebeforeauthorizationcanbe given. 5) OnlyauthorizedVirginiaLawEnforcementOfficerscanbesenttoreturnfugitivestothe CommonwealthofVirginia. 6) Thetravelordercannotbeissuedforfamilymemberswhoaccompanylawenforcement officersonextraditiontripsunlessthatmemberisanauthorizedlawenforcementofficer. 7) Theofficeristopickupthefugitiveassoonaspossibleaftertheasylumstatesaystransferis appropriateandshouldreturnforthwithtothedemandingjurisdiction.Carefulconsideration shouldbegiventothemostefficientmethodoftravel.Securityconcernsalwaystake precedence. 8) Ifanofficersubstitutionmustbemade,pleasenotifythisofficebeforethetripistaken. 9) Requestsforduplicatetravelordersmustbemadeinwritingstatingthereasonforthe requests. 10) Ifyoudesiretohavethetravelorderspickedupinsteadofmailed,pleasegetpriorapproval fromtheSecretaryoftheCommonwealthsOffice.Travelordersnotpickedupbythe designateddaywillbemailed. 11) IfaGovernorsrequisitionwarranthasbeenrequested,pleasenotifytheSecretaryofthe CommonwealthsOfficeimmediatelyifthefugitivewaivesextraditionsothatthetravel ordersmaybeprocessed. 12) Ifyoufaxintherequestfor travelorders,pleasecalltoconfirmthattheyhavebeenreceived. Travelordersshouldbefaxedonapprovedformsonly.Thefaxnumberis(804)7861418.
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SecretaryoftheCommonwealth P.O.Box2454 Richmond,Virginia23218 Thetravelordermustberequestedbeforetheofficersleavetopickupthefugitive. Ifanofficersubstitutionmustbe made,pleasenotifythisofficebeforetravel.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasecontactPattyTuckerat(804)786 9433 Thetravelrequestshouldbefaxedto(804)7861418oremailedto Patricia.Tucker@governor.virginia.gov. TRAVELORDERREQUESTFORM RequestingJurisdiction: __________________________________________________________________________
DefendantsName:_________________________________________________________________________MF Aliases: _______________________________________________________________________________________ Charge(s):_____________________________________________________________________________________ (Notchargingdocuments) _____________________________________________________________________________________________ LocationofDefendant:__________________________________________________________________________ (State,City/County) Officer(s)AuthorizedtoAssumeCustodyofDefendant.(Oneoftheofficersmustbeofthesamegenderasthe fugitive): _________________________________________________________________________________________MF Title,FirstandLastName.(NOTINITIALS) _________________________________________________________________________________________MF Title,FirstandLast Name.(NOTINITIALS) DateDefendantWaived:______________________Date(s)ofTravel: ___________________________________ RequestSubmittedby:___________________________________________Phone#:________________________ TravelOrdersaremailedtotheCommonwealthsAttorneysOfficeunlessotherwisespecified. MailTo:______________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ TravelReimbursementformsshouldbemailedtotheSupremeCourtofVirginia, th Attn:FiscalServicesDepartment,100N.9 Street,Richmond,Virginia23219.Ifyouhaveanyquestions concerningreimbursement,pleasecalltheSupremeCourtat(804)7866455.
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APPENDIXE
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Section19.284. GovernortosurrenderonrequisitionofPresident. TheGovernorshallwheneverrequiredbytheexecutiveauthorityoftheUnitedStates,pursuant totheConstitutionandlawsthereof,deliverovertojusticeanypersonfoundwithinthe Commonwealth,whoischargedwithhavingcommittedanycrimewithoutthejurisdictionofthe UnitedStates. Section19.285.Definitions. Whenappearinginthischapter: (1)Theterm"Governor"includesanypersonperformingthefunctionsofGovernorbyauthority ofthelawofthisCommonwealth (2)Theterm"executiveauthority"includestheGovernor,andanypersonperformingthe functionsofGovernorinastateotherthanthisCommonwealth (3)Theterm"State,"referringtoastateotherthanthisCommonwealth,includesanyotherstate orterritory,organizedorunorganized,oftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,andtheDistrictof Columbiaand (4)Theterm"judge"meansajudgeofacourtofrecordhavingcriminaljurisdiction. Section19.286.FugitivesfromjusticedutyofGovernor. Subjecttotheprovisionsofthischapter,theprovisionsoftheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates controlling,andanyandallactsofCongressenactedinpursuancethereof,theGovernorshall havearrestedanddelivereduptotheexecutiveauthorityofanyotheroftheUnitedStatesany personchargedinthatstatewithtreason,felony,orothercrime,whohasfledfromjusticeandis foundinthisCommonwealth. Section19.287.Formofdemand. Nodemandfortheextraditionofapersonchargedwith,orconvictedof,crimeinanotherstate shallberecognizedbytheGovernorunlessinwritingalleging,exceptincasesarisingunder 19.291,thattheaccusedwaspresentinthedemandingstateatthetimeofthecommission ofthe allegedcrimeandthatthereafterhefledfromsuchstate,andaccompanied:(1)byacopyofan indictmentfound,(2)byacopyoraninformationsupportedbyanaffidavitfiledinthestate havingjurisdictionofthecrime,(3)byacopyofanaffidavitmadebeforeamagistrateinsuch statetogetherwithacopyofanywarrantwhichwasissuedthereupon,or(4)byacopyofa judgmentofconvictionorofasentenceimposedinexecutionthereoftogetherwithastatement bytheexecutiveauthorityof thedemandingstatethatthepersonclaimedhasescapedfrom confinementorhasbrokenthetermsofhisbail,probationorparole.Theindictment,information oraffidavitmadebeforethemagistratemustsubstantiallychargethepersondemandedwith havingcommittedacrimeunderthelawofthatstateandthecopyoftheindictment, information,affidavit,judgmentofconvictionorsentencemustbeauthenticatedbytheexecutive authoritymakingthedemand. Section19.288.Governormayinvestigatecase.
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WhenademandshallbemadeupontheGovernorbytheexecutiveauthorityofanotherstatefor thesurrenderofapersonsochargedwith,orconvictedof,crime,theGovernormaycallupon theAttorneyGeneraloranyotherofficerofthisCommonwealthtoinvestigateorassistin investigatingthedemandandtoreporttohimthesituationandcircumstancesofthepersonso demandedandwhetherheoughttobesurrendered. Section19.289.Extraditionofpersonsimprisonedorawaitingtrialinanotherstate. WhenitisdesiredtohavereturnedtothisCommonwealthapersonchargedinthis Commonwealthwithacrimeandsuchpersonisimprisonedorisheldundercriminal proceedingsthenpendingagainsthiminanotherstate,theGovernormayagreewiththe executiveauthorityofsuchotherstatefortheextraditionofsuchpersonbeforetheconclusionof suchproceedingsorhistermofsentenceinsuchotherstate,uponconditionthatsuchpersonbe returnedtosuchotherstateattheexpenseofthisCommonwealthassoonastheprosecutionin thisCommonwealthisterminated. Section19.290.Extraditionofpersonswhohaveleftdemandingstateinvoluntarily. TheGovernormayalsosurrenderondemandoftheexecutiveauthorityofanyotherstateany personinthisCommonwealthwhoischargedinthemannerprovidedin19.2109to19.2 111,withhavingviolatedthelawsofthestatewhoseexecutiveauthorityismakingthedemand, eventhoughsuchpersonleftthedemandingstateinvoluntarily. Section19.291.Extraditionofpersonsnotindemandingstateattimeofcommissionof crime. TheGovernormayalsosurrender,ondemandoftheexecutiveauthorityofanyotherstate,any personinthisCommonwealthchargedinsuchotherstateinthemannerprovidedin19.287 withcommittinganactinthisCommonwealth,orinathirdstate,intentionallyresultingina crimeinthestatewhoseexecutiveauthorityismakingthedemand.Theprovisionsofthis chapternototherwiseinconsistentshallapplytosuchcases,eventhoughtheaccusedwasnotin thatstateatthetimeofthecommissionofthecrime,andhasnotfledtherefrom. Section19.292.IssuanceofGovernor'swarrantofarrestitsrecitals. IftheGovernordecidesthatademandfortheextradition ofaperson,chargedwith,orconvicted of,crimeinanotherstateshouldbecompliedwith,heshallsignawarrantofarrest,whichshall besealedwiththestateseal,andbedirectedtothesherifforsergeantofanycountyorcityorto anypeaceofficerorotherpersonwhomhemaythinkfittoentrustwiththeexecutionthereof. Thewarrantmustsubstantiallyrecitethefactsnecessarytothevalidityofitsissuance.Any electronicallytransmittedfacsimileofaGovernor'swarrantshallbetreatedasanoriginal document,providedtheoriginalisreceivedwithinfourdaysofreceiptofthefacsimile. Section19.293.Mannerandplaceofexecutionofwarrant. Suchwarrantshallauthorizetheofficerorotherpersontowhomitisdirectedtoarrestthe accusedatanytimeandatanyplacewherehemaybefoundwithintheCommonwealthandto commandtheaidofallpeaceofficersorotherpersonsintheexecutionofthewarrantandto delivertheaccused,subjecttotheprovisionsofthischapter,tothedulyauthorizedagentofthe demandingstate.
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Section19.294.Assistancetoarrestingofficer. Everyofficerorotherpersonempoweredtomakethearrest,asprovidedinthepreceding section,shallhavethesameauthority,inarrestingtheaccused,tocommandassistancethereinas thesheriffsandsergeantsoftheseveralcountiesandcitiesofthisCommonwealthhavebylawin theexecutionofanycriminalprocessdirectedtothem,withlikepenaltiesagainstthosewho refusetorendertheirassistance. Section19.295.Rightsofaccusedpersonsapplicationforwritofhabeascorpus. Nopersonarresteduponsuchwarrantshallbedeliveredovertotheagentwhomtheexecutive authoritydemandinghimshallhaveappointedtoreceivehimunlessheshallfirstbetaken forthwithbeforeajudgeofacircuitorgeneraldistrictcourtinthisCommonwealth,whoshall informhimofthedemandmadeforhissurrenderandofthecrimewithwhichheischarged,and thathehastherighttodemandandprocurelegalcounselandiftheprisonerorhiscounselshall statethatheortheydesiretotestthelegalityofhisarrest,thejudgeortrialjusticeshallfixa reasonabletimetobeallowedhimwithinwhichtoapplyforawritofhabeascorpus.Whensuch writisappliedfor,noticethereofandofthetimeandplaceofhearingthereonshallbegivento theattorneyfortheCommonwealthofthecountyorcityinwhichthearrestismadeandin whichtheaccusedisincustody,andtotheagentofthedemandingstate. Section19.296.Penaltyfornoncompliancewithprecedingsection. Anyofficerwhoshalldelivertotheagentforextraditionofthedemandingstateapersoninhis custodyundertheGovernor'swarrantinwillfuldisobediencetothelastprecedingsectionshall beguiltyofaClass1misdemeanor. Section19.297.Confinementinjailwhennecessary. TheofficerorpersonsexecutingtheGovernor'swarrantofarrest,ortheagentofthedemanding statetowhomtheprisonermayhavebeendelivered,may,whennecessary,confinetheprisoner inthejailofanycountyorcitythroughwhichhemaypassandthekeeperofsuchjailshall receiveandsafelykeeptheprisoneruntiltheofficerorpersonhavingchargeofhimisreadyto proceedonhisroute,suchofficerorpersonbeingchargeablewiththeexpenseofkeeping. Section19.298.SameforprisonersbeingtakenthroughCommonwealth. Theofficeroragentofademandingstatetowhomaprisonermayhavebeendeliveredfollowing extraditionproceedingsinanotherstateortowhomaprisonermayhavebeendeliveredafter waivingextraditioninsuchotherstate,andwhoispassingthroughthisCommonwealthwith suchprisonerforthepurposeofreturningimmediatelysuchprisonertothedemandingstate may,whennecessary,confinetheprisonerinthejailofanycountyorcitythroughwhichhemay passandthekeeperofsuchjailshallreceiveandsafelykeeptheprisoneruntiltheofficeror agenthavingchargeofhimisreadytoproceedonhisroute,suchofficeroragent,however, beingchargeablewiththeexpenseofkeeping,provided,however,thatsuchofficeroragentshall delivertothejailerthewarrantorlegalorderauthorizingcustodyoftheprisoner.Suchprisoner shallnotbeentitledtodemandanewrequisitionwhileinthisCommonwealth. Section19.299.Arrestpriortorequisition. Whenever:(1)anypersonwithinthisCommonwealthshallbechargedontheoathofany crediblepersonbeforeanyjudge,magistrateorotherofficerauthorizedtoissuecriminal
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warrantsinthisCommonwealthwiththecommissionofanycrimeinanyotherstateand,except incasesarisingunder19.291,(a)withhavingfledfromjustice,(b)withhavingbeen convictedofacrimeinthatstateandofhavingescapedfromconfinement,or(c)ofhaving brokenthetermsofhisbail,probation,orparole,or(2)complaintshallhavebeenmadebefore anysuchjudge,magistrateorotherofficerinthisCommonwealthsettingforthontheaffidavitof anycrediblepersoninanotherstatethatacrimehasbeencommittedinsuchotherstateandthat theaccusedhasbeenchargedinsuchstatewiththecommissionofthecrime,and,exceptin casesarisingunder19.291,(a)hasfledfromjustice,(b)havingbeenconvicted ofacrimein thatstatehasescapedfromconfinement,or(c)brokenthetermsofhisbail,probationorparole, andthattheaccusedisbelievedtobeinthisCommonwealth,suchjudge,magistrateorother officershallissueawarrantdirectedtoanysheriffortoanypeaceofficercommandinghimto apprehendthepersonnamedtherein,whereverhemaybefoundinthisCommonwealth,andto bringhimbeforeanyjudgewhomaybeavailableinorconvenientofaccesstotheplacewhere thearrestmaybemade,toanswerthechargeofcomplaintandaffidavit.Acertifiedcopyofthe swornchargeorcomplaintandaffidavituponwhichthewarrantisissuedshallbeattachedtothe warrant. Section19.2100.Arrestwithoutwarrant. Thearrestofapersonmaybelawfullymadealsobyanypeaceofficerorprivatepersonwithout awarrantuponreasonableinformationthattheaccusedstandschargedinthecourtsofastate withacrimepunishablebydeathorimprisonmentforatermexceedingoneyear.Butwhenso arrestedtheaccusedshallbetakenbeforeajudge,magistrateorotherofficerauthorizedtoissue criminalwarrantsinthisCommonwealthwithallpracticablespeedandcomplaintmadeagainst himunderoathsettingforththegroundforthearrestasintheprecedingsectionandthereafter hisanswershallbeheardasifhehadbeenarrestedonawarrant. Section19.2101.Confinementtoawaitrequisitionbail. Iffromtheexaminationbeforethejudgeitappearsthatthepersonheldpursuanttoeitherofthe twoprecedingsectionsisthepersonchargedwithhavingcommittedthecrimeallegedand, exceptincasesarisingunder19.291,thathehasfledfromjustice,thejudgeshall,bya warrantrecitingtheaccusation,commithimtojailforsuchatime,notexceedingthirtydays, specifiedinthewarrantaswillenablethearrestoftheaccusedtobemadeunderawarrantofthe Governoronarequisitionoftheexecutiveauthorityofthestatehavingjurisdictionofthe offense,unlesstheaccusedgivebail asprovidedinthenextsection,oruntilheshallbelegally discharged.
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Section19.2103.Discharge,recommitmentorrenewalofbail. IftheaccusedisnotarrestedunderwarrantoftheGovernorbytheexpirationofthetime specifiedinthewarrantorbond,anyjudgeinthisCommonwealthmaydischargehimormay recommithimforafurtherperiodnottoexceedsixtydays,orsuchjudgemayagaintakebailfor hisappearanceandsurrender,asprovidedintheprecedingsection,butwithinaperiodnotto exceedsixtydaysafterthedateofsuchnewbond. Section19.2104.Forfeitureofbail. Iftheprisonerisadmittedtobailandfailstoappearandsurrenderhimselfaccordingtothe conditionsofhisbond,anyjudgeofacircuitorgeneraldistrictcourtbyproperorder,shall declarethebondforfeitedandorderhisimmediatearrestwithoutwarrantifhebewithinthis Commonwealth.RecoverymaybehadonsuchbondinthenameoftheCommonwealthasinthe caseofotherbondsgivenbytheaccusedincriminalproceedingswithinthisCommonwealth. Section19.2105.PersonsundercriminalprosecutioninthisCommonwealthattimeof requisition. Ifacriminalprosecutionhasbeeninstitutedagainstsuchpersonunderthelawsofthis Commonwealthandisstillpending,theGovernor,inhisdiscretion,eithermaysurrenderhimon demandoftheexecutiveauthorityofanotherstateorholdhim untilhehasbeentriedand dischargedorconvictedandpunishedinthisCommonwealth. 19.2106.Whenguiltorinnocenceofaccusedinquiredinto. Theguiltorinnocenceoftheaccusedastothecrimeofwhichheischargedmaynotbeinquired intoby theGovernororinanyproceedingafterthedemandforextraditionaccompaniedbya chargeofcrimeinlegalformasaboveprovidedshallhavebeenpresentedtotheGovernor, exceptasitmaybeinvolvedinidentifyingthepersonheldasthepersonchargedwiththecrime. Section19.2107.Governormayrecallwarrantorissuealias. TheGovernormayrecallhiswarrantofarrestormayissueanotherwarrantwheneverhedeems itproper. Section19.2108.FugitivesfromthisCommonwealthdutyofGovernor. WhenevertheGovernorshalldemandapersonchargedwithcrimeorwithescapingfrom confinementorbreakingthetermsofhisbail,probationorparoleinthisCommonwealth,from theexecutiveauthorityofanyotherstate,orfromthechiefjusticeor anassociatejusticeofthe SupremeCourtoftheDistrictofColumbiaauthorizedtoreceivesuchdemandunderthelawsof theUnitedStates,heshallissueawarrantunderthesealofthisCommonwealthtosomeagent commandinghimtoreceivethepersonsochargedifdeliveredtohimandconveyhimtothe properofficerofthecountyorcityinthisCommonwealthinwhichtheoffensewascommitted. Section19.2109.Applicationforrequisitionforreturnofpersonchargedwithcrime. WhenthereturntothisCommonwealthofapersonchargedwithcrimeinthisCommonwealthis required,theattorneyfortheCommonwealthshallpresenttotheGovernorhiswritten applicationforarequisitionforthereturnofthepersoncharged,inwhichapplicationshallbe statedthenameofthepersonsocharged,thecrimechargedagainsthim,theapproximatetime, placeandcircumstancesofitscommission,thestateinwhichheisbelievedtobe,includingthe
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locationoftheaccusedthereinatthetimetheapplicationismade,andcertifyingthat,inthe opinionoftheattorneyfortheCommonwealth,theendsofjusticerequirethearrestandreturnof theaccusedtothisCommonwealthfortrialandthattheproceedingisnotinstitutedtoenforcea privateclaim. Section19.2110.Applicationforrequisitionforreturnofescapedconvict,etc. WhenthereturntothisCommonwealthisrequiredofapersonwhohasbeenconvictedofa crimeinthisCommonwealthandhasescapedfromconfinementorbrokenthetermsofhisbail, probationorparole,theattorneyfortheCommonwealth,ofthecountyorcityinwhichthe offensewascommitted,orthewardenoftheinstitutionorsheriffofthecountyorcityfrom whichtheescapewasmade,shallpresenttotheGovernorawrittenapplicationforarequisition forthereturnofsuchperson,inwhichapplicationshallbestatedthenameoftheperson,the crimeofwhichhewasconvicted,thecircumstancesofhisescapefromconfinementorofthe breachofthetermsofhisbail,probation orparoleandthestateinwhichheisbelievedtobe, includingthelocationofthepersonthereinatthetimeapplicationismade. Section19.2111.Formofsuchapplicationscopies,etc. Theapplicationshallbeverifiedbyaffidavit,shallbeexecutedinduplicateandshallbe accompaniedbytwocertifiedcopiesoftheindictmentreturned,orinformationandaffidavit filed,orofthecomplaintmadetothejudgeofacircuitorgeneraldistrictcourtorotherofficer issuingthewarrantstatingtheoffensewithwhichtheaccusedischarged,orofthejudgmentof convictionorofthesentence.TheattorneyfortheCommonwealth,wardenorsheriffmayalso attachsuchfurtheraffidavitsandotherdocumentsinduplicateasheshalldeempropertobe submittedwithsuchapplication.Onecopyoftheapplication,withtheactionoftheGovernor indicatedbyendorsementthereon,andoneofthecertifiedcopiesoftheindictment,complaint, information,andaffidavits,orofthejudgmentofconvictionorofthesentenceshallbefiledin theofficeoftheSecretaryoftheCommonwealth,toremainofrecordinthatoffice.Theother copiesofallpapersshallbeforwardedwiththeGovernor'srequisition.
Section19.2112.Costsandexpensesofextradition. A.Theexpensesincidenttotheextraditionofanypersonunderthefourprecedingsectionsmay bepaidoutofthestatetreasury,onwarrantsoftheComptrollerissueduponvoucherssignedby theGovernor,orsuchotherpersonasmaybedesignatedbyhimforsuchpurpose. B.IfthepersonwasextraditedafterillegallyleavingtheCommonwealthwhileonparoleoron probation,thepersonextradited,andnottheCommonwealth,shallberesponsibleforthecosts andexpensesofextradition.Thestatetreasury shallcontinuetoreimburselocaljurisdictionsfor thecostsandexpensesofextradition.Thefugitiveshallpaythecostsandexpensesofhis extraditionintothestatetreasury. Section19.2113.Immunityfromserviceofprocessincertaincivilactions. ApersonbroughtintothisCommonwealthby,orafterwaiverof,extraditionbasedonacriminal chargeshallnotbesubjecttoserviceofpersonalprocessincivilactionsarisingoutofthesame factsasthecriminalproceedingtoanswerwhichheisbeingorhasbeenreturned,untilhehas beenconvictedinthecriminalproceeding,or,ifacquitted,untilhehashadreasonable opportunitytoreturntothestatefromwhichhewasextradited.
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Section19.2114.Writtenwaiverofextraditionproceedings. AnypersonarrestedinthisCommonwealthchargedwithhavingcommittedanycrimeinanother stateorallegedtohaveescapedfromconfinement,orbrokenthetermsofhisbail,probationor parolemaywaivetheissuanceandserviceofthewarrantprovidedforin19.292and19.293 andallotherproceduresincidentaltoextraditionproceedingsbyexecutingorsubscribinginthe presenceofajudgeofacircuitordistrictcourtwithinthisCommonwealthawritingwhichstates thatheconsentstoreturn tothedemandingstate.However,beforethewaiverisexecutedor subscribedbytheperson,itshallbethedutyofthejudgetoinformthepersonofhisrightstothe issuanceandserviceofawarrantofextraditionandtoobtainawritofhabeascorpusasprovided forin19.295. Ifandwhensuchconsenthasbeendulyexecuted,itshallforthwithbeforwardedtotheofficeof theGovernorandfiledtherein.Thejudgeshalldirecttheofficerhavingthepersonincustodyto promptlydeliverhimtothedulyaccreditedagentofthedemandingstate,andshalldeliveror causetobedeliveredtosuchagentacopyoftheconsent. Thissectionshallnotbedeemedtolimittherightsoftheaccusedpersontoreturnvoluntarily andwithoutformalitytothedemandingstate,norshallthiswaiverprocedurebedeemedtobean executiveprocedureortolimitthepowers,rightsordutiesoftheofficersofthedemandingstate orofthisCommonwealth. Section19.2115.NonwaiverbythisCommonwealth. NothinginthischaptercontainedshallbedeemedtoconstituteawaiverbythisCommonwealth ofitsright,powerorprivilegetotrysuchdemandedpersonforcrimecommittedwithinthis Commonwealth,orofitsright,powerorprivilegetoregaincustodyofsuchpersonby extraditionproceedingsorotherwiseforthepurposeoftrial,sentenceorpunishmentforany crimecommittedwithinthisCommonwealth,norshallanyproceedingshadunderthischapter whichresultin,orfailtoresultin,extraditionbedeemedawaiverbythisCommonwealthofany ofitsrights,privilegesorjurisdictioninanywaywhatsoever. Section19.2116.Norightofasylumnoimmunityfromothercriminalprosecutionswhile inthisCommonwealth. AfterapersonhasbeenbroughtbacktothisCommonwealthby,orafterwaiverof,extradition proceedingshemaybetriedinthisCommonwealthforothercrimeswhichhemaybecharged withhavingcommittedhereaswellasthatspecifiedintherequisitionforhisextradition. Section19.2117.Interpretationofarticle. Theprovisionsofthisarticleshallbesointerpretedandconstruedastoeffectuateitsgeneral purposestomakeuniformthelawofthosestateswhichenactstatutessimilarthereto. Section19.2118.Shorttitle. ThisarticlemaybecitedastheUniformCriminalExtraditionAct. (Code1950,19.1821960,c.3661975,c.495.)
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custodyoftheprisoner,statingthetermofcommitmentunderwhichtheprisonerisbeingheld, thetimealreadyserved,thetimeremainingtobeservedonthesentence,theamountofgood timeearned,thetimeofparoleeligibilityoftheprisoner,andanydecisionsofthestateparole agencyrelatingtotheprisoner. (b)Thewrittennoticeandrequestforfinaldispositionreferredtoinparagraph(a)hereofshallbe givenorsentbytheprisonertothewarden,commissionerofcorrectionsorotherofficialhaving custodyofhim,whoshallpromptlyforwardittogetherwiththecertificatetotheappropriate prosecutingofficialandcourtbyregisteredorcertifiedmail,returnreceiptrequested. (c)Thewarden,commissionerofcorrectionsorotherofficialhavingcustodyoftheprisoner shallpromptlyinformhimofthesourceandcontentsofanydetainerlodgedagainsthimand shallalsoinformhimofhisrighttomakearequestforfinaldispositionoftheindictment, informationorcomplaintonwhichthedetainerisbased. (d)Anyrequestorfinaldispositionmadebyaprisonerpursuanttoparagraph(a)hereofshall operateasarequestforfinaldispositionofalluntriedindictments,informationsorcomplaintson thebasisofwhichdetainershavebeenlodgedagainsttheprisonerfromthestatetowhose prosecutingofficialtherequestforfinaldispositionisspecificallydirected.Thewarden, commissionerofcorrectionsorotherofficialshavingcustodyoftheprisonershallforthwith notifyallappropriateprosecutingofficersandcourtsintheseveraljurisdictionswithinthestate towhichtheprisoner'srequestforfinaldispositionisbeingsentoftheproceedingbeinginitiated bytheprisoner.Anynotificationsentpursuanttothisparagraphshallbeaccompaniedbycopies oftheprisoner'swrittennotice,request,andthecertificate.Iftrialisnothadonanyindictment, informationorcomplaintcontemplatedherebypriortothereturnoftheprisonertotheoriginal placeofimprisonment,suchindictment,informationorcomplaintshallnotbeofanyfurther forceoreffect,andthecourtshallenteranorderdismissingthesamewithprejudice. (e)Anyrequestforfinaldispositionmadebyaprisonerpursuanttoparagraph(a)hereofshall alsobedeemedtobeawaiverofextraditionwithrespecttoanychargeorproceeding contemplatedtherebyorincludedthereinbyreasonofparagraph(d)hereof,andawaiverof extraditiontothereceivingstatetoserveanysentencethereimposeduponhim,aftercompletion ofhistermofimprisonmentinthesendingstate.Therequestforfinaldispositionshallalso constituteconsentbytheprisonertotheproductionofhisbodyinanycourtwherehispresence mayberequiredinordertoeffectuatethepurposesofthisagreementandafurtherconsent voluntarilytobereturnedtotheoriginalplaceofimprisonmentinaccordancewiththeprovisions ofthisagreement.Nothinginthisparagraphshallpreventtheimpositionofaconcurrent sentenceifotherwisepermittedbylaw. (f)Escapefromcustodybytheprisonersubsequenttohisexecutionoftherequestforfinal dispositionreferredtoinparagraph(a)hereofshallvoidtherequest. ARTICLEIV. (a)Theappropriateofficerofthejurisdictioninwhichanuntriedindictment,informationor complaintispendingshallbeentitledtohaveaprisoneragainstwhomhehaslodgedadetainer andwhoisservingatermofimprisonmentinanypartystatemadeavailableinaccordancewith ArticleV(a)hereofuponpresentationofawrittenrequestfortemporarycustodyoravailability totheappropriateauthoritiesofthestateinwhichtheprisonerisincarceratedprovidedthatthe courthavingjurisdictionofsuchindictment,informationorcomplaintshallhavedulyapproved, recordedandtransmittedtherequestandprovidedfurtherthatthereshallbeaperiodofthirty daysafterreceiptbytheappropriateauthoritiesbeforetherequestbehonored,withinwhich
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periodthegovernorofthesendingstatemaydisapprovetherequestfortemporarycustodyor availability,eitheruponhisownmotionoruponmotionoftheprisoner. (b)Uponreceiptoftheofficer'swrittenrequestasprovidedinparagraph(a)hereof,the appropriateauthoritieshavingtheprisonerincustodyshallfurnishtheofficerwithacertificate statingthetermofcommitmentunderwhichtheprisonerisbeingheld,thetimealreadyserved, thetimeremainingtobeservedonthesentence,theamountofgoodtimeearned,thetimeof paroleeligibilityoftheprisoner,andanydecisionsofthestateparoleagencyrelatingtothe prisoner.Saidauthoritiessimultaneouslyshallfurnishallotherofficersandappropriatecourtsin thereceivingstatewhohavelodgeddetainersagainsttheprisonerwithsimilarcertificatesand withnoticesinformingthemoftherequestforcustodyoravailabilityandofthereasonstherefor. (c)Inrespectofanyproceedingmadepossiblebythisarticle,trialshallbecommencedwithin 120daysofthearrivaloftheprisonerinthereceivingstate,butforgoodcauseshowninopen court,theprisonerorhiscounselbeingpresent,thecourthavingjurisdictionofthemattermay grantanynecessaryorreasonablecontinuance. (d)Nothingcontainedinthisarticleshallbeconstruedtodepriveanyprisonerofanyrightwhich hemayhavetocontestthelegalityofhisdeliveryasprovidedinparagraph(a)hereof,butsuch deliverymaynotbeopposedordeniedonthegroundthattheexecutiveauthorityofthesending statehasnotaffirmativelyconsentedtoororderedsuchdelivery. (e)Iftrialisnothadonanyindictment,informationorcomplaintcontemplatedherebypriorto theprisoner'sbeingreturnedtotheoriginalplaceofimprisonmentpursuanttoArticleV(e) hereof,suchindictment,informationorcomplaintshallnotbeofanyfurtherforceoreffect,and thecourtshallenteranorderdismissingthesamewithprejudice. ARTICLEV. (a)InresponsetoarequestmadeunderArticleIIIorArticleIVhereof,theappropriateauthority inasendingstateshalloffertodelivertemporarycustodyofsuchprisonertotheappropriate authorityinthestatewheresuchindictment,informationorcomplaintispendingagainstsuch personinorderthatspeedyandefficientprosecutionmaybehad.Iftherequestforfinal dispositionismadebytheprisoner,theofferof temporarycustodyshallaccompanythewritten noticeprovidedforinArticleIIIofthisagreement.Inthecaseofafederalprisoner,the appropriateauthorityinthereceivingstateshallbeentitledtotemporarycustodyasprovidedby thisagreementor totheprisoner'spresenceinfederalcustodyattheplaceoftrial,whichever custodialarrangementmaybeapprovedbythecustodian. (b)Theofficerorotherrepresentativeofastateacceptinganofferoftemporarycustodyshall presentthefollowingupondemand: (1)Properidentificationandevidenceofhisauthoritytoactforthestateintowhosetemporary custodytheprisoneristobegiven. (2)Adulycertifiedcopyoftheindictment,informationorcomplaintonthebasisofwhichthe detainerhasbeenlodgedandonthebasisofwhichtherequestfortemporarycustodyofthe prisonerhasbeenmade. (c)Iftheappropriateauthorityshallrefuseorfailtoaccepttemporarycustodyofsaidperson,or intheeventthatanactionontheindictment,informationorcomplaintonthebasisofwhichthe detainerhasbeenlodgedisnotbroughttotrialwithintheperiodprovidedinArticleIIIorArticle IVhereof,theappropriatecourtofthejurisdictionwheretheindictment,informationor complainthasbeenpendingshallenteranorderdismissingthesamewithprejudice,andany detainerbasedthereonshallceasetobeofanyforceoreffect.
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(d)Thetemporarycustodyreferredtointhisagreementshallbeonlyforthepurposeof permittingprosecution onthechargeorchargescontainedinoneormoreuntriedindictments, informationsorcomplaintswhichformthebasisofthedetainerordetainersorforprosecution onanyotherchargeorchargesarisingoutofthesametransaction.Exceptforhisattendanceat courtandwhilebeingtransportedtoorfromanyplaceatwhichhispresencemayberequired, theprisonershallbeheldinasuitablejailorotherfacilityregularlyusedforpersonsawaiting prosecution. (e)Attheearliestpracticabletimeconsonantwiththepurposesofthisagreement,theprisoner shallbereturnedtothesendingstate. (f)Duringthecontinuanceortemporarycustodyorwhiletheprisonerisotherwisebeingmade availablefortrialasrequiredbythisagreement,timebeingservedonthesentenceshallcontinue torunbutgoodtimeshallbeearnedbytheprisoneronlyif,andtotheextentthat,thelawand practiceofthejurisdictionwhichimposedthesentencemayallow. (g)Forallpurposesotherthanthatforwhichtemporarycustodyasprovidedinthisagreementis exercised,theprisonershallbedeemedtoremaininthecustodyofandsubjecttothejurisdiction ofthesendingstateandanyescapefromtemporarycustodymaybedealtwithinthesame mannerasanescapefromtheoriginalplaceofimprisonmentorinanyothermannerpermitted bylaw. (h)Fromthetimethatapartystatereceivescustodyofaprisonerpursuanttothisagreement untilsuchprisonerisreturnedtotheterritoryandcustodyofthesendingstate, thestateinwhich theoneormoreuntriedindictments,informationsorcomplaintsarependingorinwhichtrialis beinghadshallberesponsiblefortheprisonerandshallalsopayallcostsoftransporting,caring for,keepingandreturningtheprisoner.Theprovisionsofthisparagraphshallgovernunlessthe statesconcernedshallhaveenteredintoasupplementaryagreementprovidingforadifferent allocationofcostsandresponsibilitiesasbetweenoramongthemselves.Nothingherein containedshallbeconstruedtoalteroraffectanyinternalrelationshipamongthedepartments, agenciesandofficersofandinthegovernmentofapartystate,orbetweenapartystateandits subdivisions,astothepaymentofcosts,orresponsibilitiestherefor. ARTICLEVI. (a)IndeterminingthedurationandexpirationdatesofthetimeperiodsprovidedinArticlesIII andIVofthisagreement,therunningofsaidtimeperiodsshallbetolledwheneverandforas longastheprisonerisunabletostandtrial,asdeterminedbythecourthavingjurisdictionofthe matter. (b)Noprovisionofthisagreement,andnoremedymadeavailablebythisagreement,shallapply toanypersonwhoisadjudgedtobementallyill. ARTICLEVII. Eachstatepartytothisagreementshalldesignateanofficerwho,actingjointlywithlikeofficers ofotherpartystates,shallpromulgaterulesandregulationstocarryoutmoreeffectivelythe termsandprovisionsofthisagreement,andwhoshallprovide,withinandwithoutthestate, informationnecessarytotheeffectiveoperationofthisagreement. ARTICLEVIII. Thisagreementshallenterintofullforceandeffectastoapartystatewhensuchstatehas enactedthesameintolaw.Astatepartytothisagreementmaywithdrawherefrombyenactinga
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statuterepealingthesame.However,thewithdrawalofanystateshallnotaffectthestatusofany proceedingsalreadyinitiatedbyinmatesorbystateofficersatthetimesuchwithdrawaltakes effect,norshallitaffecttheirrightsin respectthereof. ARTICLEIX. Thisagreementshallbeliberallyconstruedsoastoeffectuateitspurposes.Theprovisionsofthis agreementshallbeseverableandifanyphrase,clause,sentenceorprovisionofthisagreementis declaredtobecontrary totheconstitutionofanypartystateoroftheUnitedStatesorthe applicabilitythereoftoanygovernment,agency,personorcircumstanceisheldinvalid,the validityoftheremainderofthisagreementandtheapplicabilitythereoftoanygovernment, agency,personorcircumstanceshallnotbeaffectedthereby.Ifthisagreementshallbeheld contrarytotheconstitutionofanystatepartyhereto,theagreementshallremaininfullforceand effectastotheremainingstatesandinfullforceandeffectastothestateaffectedastoall severablematters.
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APPENDIXF
TERMINOLOGY
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TERMINOLOGY
A. Definitions 1. ApplicationforRequisition theformalwrittenrequestformtheprosecutortotheGovernor forarequisitionontheGovernoroftheasylumstateforthereturnofafugitive 2. AsylumState wherethefugitiveordefendanthastakenrefugeorisfound 3. DemandingState thestatewhichseekstoextraditethefugitive 4. Detainerrequestornoticefiledbyaprosecutororotherlawenforcementauthoritywiththe wardenorjailerwhereaprisonerisincarcerated,askingthattheprisonerbeheldfor prosecutionorthattheauthoritybenotifiedwhenreleaseoftheprisonerisimminent 5. ExtraditableOffenseanycriminaloffense,felony ormisdemeanor,althoughsomestatesdo notextraditeforamisdemeanorregardlessofwhethertheoffenseisacrimeintheasylum state 6. Extradition thesurrender,byonenationorstatetoanother,ofanindividualaccusedor convictedofanoffenseoutsideitsownterritoryandwithintheterritorialjurisdictionofthe other,whichbeingcompetenttotryandpunishhim,demandsthesurrender 7. FugitiveorFugitivefromJusticepersonaccusedorconvictedofacrimeinonestateand laterfoundinanotherstate,regardlessofthemannerorreasonforhis/herdeparturefromthe firststate 8. FugitiveAffidavit thedemandingstatesprosecutorsverifiedapplicationtohisGovernor requestingthatGovernortoissuearequisitionwarrantforthereturn ofafugitive 9. FugitiveComplaintthedocumentfiledintheasylumstate,priortoreceiptofthe GovernorsWarrant,thatchargesthepersonarrestedwithbeingafugitivefromjustice 10. FugitiveWarrant thearrestwarrantissuedbyajudgeormagistrate,priortoreceiptofthe Governorswarrant,authorizingthearrestanddetentionofthefugitivependingreceiptofthe Governorswarrant 11. GovernororExecutiveorExecutiveAuthority anypersonperformingthefunctionsof Governorunderstatelaw 12. GovernorsWarrantorGovernorsWarrantofRendition thewarrantissuedbythe Governoroftheasylumstateforthearrestanddetentionoftheaccuseduntiltheagentofthe demandingstatearrivestoreturntheaccusedtothedemandingstate
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13. Magistrate anyjudgeorpersoncertifiedtobeamagistrateunderthelawsofthedemanding state 14. Rendition thereturnoftheaccusedtothedemandingstate 15. NCICMessageateletypeproductfromtheNationalCrimeInformationCenter(NCIC),a nationwideserviceavailabletoalllawenforcementagencies,conveyinginformationrelevant tocriminalsandcriminaloffenses 16. RenditionWarrant aGovernorsWarrantoraGovernorsWarrantofRendition 17. Requisition theformalrequestmadebytheGovernorofthedemandingstateonthe Governoroftheasylumstateforextraditionoftheaccused,andonwhichtheGovernors warrantisbased 18. RequisitionWarrant therequestfromonegovernortoanotherseekingtheextraditionofan individual 19. WaiverofExtradition theintentionalrelinquishmentbytheaccusedofhisorherrightto theissuanceandserviceofaGovernorsrenditionwarrant,andconsenttobetransportedto thedemandingstate
B. Acronyms 1. IADInterstateAgreementonDetainers 2. NCICNational CrimeInformationCenter 3. UAOPSUniformActforOutofStateParoleeSupervision 4. UCEA UniformCriminalExtraditionAct 5. UIFSA UniformInterstateFamilySupportAct 6. UICJUniformInterstateCompactonJuveniles 7. URESA UniformReciprocalEnforcementofSupportAct 8. U.S.C. UnitedStatesCode 9. U.S.C.A.UnitedStatesCodeAnnotated
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VirginiaExtraditionOfficials
PatriciaB.Tucker DirectorofExtradition SecretaryoftheCommonwealthsOffice th PatrickHenryBuilding,4 Floor 1111E.BroadStreet Richmond,Virginia23219 Mailingaddress: PostOfficeBox2454 Richmond,Virginia23218 Phone: (804)7869433 Fax: (804)7861418 Email:patricia.tucker@governor.virginia.gov
OfficeoftheAttorneyGeneral
MichaelParsons AssistantAttorneyGeneral Extraditions& Interstate Agreementon DetainersAdministrator 900EastMainStreet Richmond,Virginia23219 Phone: (804)7860046 Fax: (804)7864239 Email: jparsons@oag.state.va.us
SupremeCourtofVirginia
JohnRickman MaryGilbert DepartmentofFiscalServices th 100N.9 St. rd 3 Floor Richmond23219 Phone: 8047866455 Fax: 8047860196 Email: mgilbert@courts.state.va.us
VirginiaDepartmentofCorrections
VirginiaDepartmentofCorrections 6900AtmoreDrive P.O.Box26963 Richmond23261 JamesSisk Manger,OffenderReleaseServices Phone:8046743046ext.1651 Email:james.sisk@vadoc.virginia.gov TerryWard DetainerCoordinator/OffenderReleaseServices Phone: 8046743165 Email:Terry.Ward@VADOC.Virginia.Gov
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