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ECE

GATE 2012

Electronics & Communication Engineering


Q1-Q25 carry one mark each. 1. The current ib through the base of a silicon npn transistor is I + 0.1 cos(10000 t) mA . At 300 K, the r in the small signal model of the transistor is

(A) 250 Ans wer : (C) Exp :-

(B) 27.5

(C) 25

(D) 22.5

gm

= 1 + 0.1 cos ( Calculate Solution: =

2.

The power spectral density of a real process X(t) for positive frequencies is shown below. The values of E[X2 (t)] and |E[X(t)]|, respectively, are

(A) (B) Ans wer : (B ) Exp :-PSD of x (t)

(C) (D)

Fourier transform pair

Since PSD of x (t) does not contain any dc component, the mean value of x(t) is zero 3. In a baseband communications link, frequencies upto 3500 Hz are used for signaling. Using a raised cosine pulse with 75% excess bandwidth and for no inter-sy mbol interference, the maximu m possible signaling rate in symbols per second is (A) 1750 (B) 2625 (C) 4000 (D) 5250

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ECE Ans wer : (C) Exp :-

GATE 2012

4.

A plane wave propagating in air with positioned at x < 0. The E field of the reflected wave is (A) (B)

is incident on perfectly conducting slab (C) (D)

Ans wer : (*)

5.

The electric field of a uniform p lane electro magnetic wave in free space, along the positive x d irection, is given by The frequency and polarizat ion of the wave, respectively,- are (A) 1.2 GHz and left circu it (C) 1.2 GHz and right circular (B) 4 Hz and left circular (D) 4 Hz and right circular

Ans wer : (A) Exp :-

Now if we increase t, we will see that it in left circular polarization


6. Consider the given circuit

In this circuit, the race around (A) Does not occur (B) 4 Hz and left circular Ans wer : (A) Exp:-

(C) Occurs when CLK = 1 and A = B = 1 (D) Occurs when CLK = 1 and A = B = 0

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ECE If CLK = 1 and A and B = 1 Then

GATE 2012

If CLK = 1 And A = B = 0

Thus race around does not occur in the circu it 7. The output Y of a 2-bit co mparator is logic 1 whenever the 2-bit input A is greater than the 2-bit input B. the number of comb inations for wh ich the output is logic 1, is (A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10

Ans wer : (B ) Exp :Input A A1 A2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

B1 0 0 1 1 0

0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

Input B B2 Y 0 .0 1.0 0 .0 1. 0 0 . 1 1 .0 0 .0 1 .0 0 .1 1 .1 0 .0 1 .0 0 .1 1 .1 0 .1 1 .0

Thus for 6 combi nations output i n logic 1 8. The i-v characteristics of the diode in the circu it given below are

The current in the circuit is (A) 10 Ma Ans wer : (D) Exp :-

(B) 9.3 mA

(C) 6.67 mA

(D) 6.2 mA

Since diode will be fo rward biased voltage across diode will be 0.7 V

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ECE

GATE 2012

9.

In the following figure, C1 and C2 are ideal capacitors. C1 has been charged to 12 V before the ideal switch S is closed at t = 0. The current i(t) fo r all t is.

(A) Zero (B) a step function Ans wer : (D) Exp :When the switch in closed at t = 0

(C) an exponentially decaying function (D) an impulse function

Capacitor C1 will discharge and C2 will get charge since both C1 and C2 are ideal and there is no-resistance in the circuit charg ing and discharging time constant will be zero. Thus current will exist like an impulse function. 10. The average power delivered to an impedance (4-j3) (A) 44.2 w (B) 50 w by a current 5 cos (100 t+100) A is (C) 62.5 w

(D) 125 w

Ans wer : (B ) Exp :Average power delivered to (4 3j) by a current 5 cos (100t + 100) A Solution: The load consist of a resistance and a capacitance of this, only R is passive and consume power So P = R = . 11. The unilateral Laplace transform of (A) (B) Ans wer : (D) Exp :Unilateral Laplace transform o f F9t) is So, what is the L.T of f(t) Sol: L {tf(t)} = ( 1)1 F(S) = ( 1) = = 12. With init ial condit ion x (1) = 0.5, the solution of the differential equation (A) (B) Ans wer : (D) (C) (D) . The unilateral Lap lace transform of t f (t) is (C) (D)

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ECE Exp :Given,

GATE 2012

13. The diodes and capacitors in the circuit shown are ideal. The voltage v(t) across the diode Dl is

(A) cos(t) 1 Ans wer : (A) Exp :-

(B) sin (t)

(C) 1 cos(t)

(D) 1 sin(t)

When excited by cos (t), the clamping section clamp the positive peak to 0 volts and negative peak to -2 volts. So whole cos (t) is lower by -1 volts

14. In the circuit shown

(A) Y= Ans wer : (A) Exp :Y = (A + B) C =

(B) Y = (A+B)C

(C) Y=

(D) Y =A B +C

15. A source alphabet consists of N symbols with the probability of the first two symbolsbeingthesame. A source encoderthe probability of the first symbol by a s mall amount anddecreases that of the second by After encoding, the entropy of the source

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ECE (A) Increases (B) remains the same (C) increases only if N=2 (D) decreases

GATE 2012

Ans wer : (D) Exp :Solution: Entropy will be maximu m in case of equiprobable symbols, if they are not equiprobable then entropy decreases. ie entropy takes small value Entropy decrease 16. A coaxial cab le with an inner diameter of 1 mm and outer diameter o f 2.4 mm is filled with adielectric of relative permittiv ity 10.89. Given (A) 330 Ans wer : (*) 17. The radiation pattern of an antenna in spherical co-ordinates is given by F() = cos 4; 0/2 The directiv ity of the antenna is (A) 10 dB (B) 12.6 dB (C) 11.5 dB (D) 18 dB Ans wer : (B ) Exp :(B) 100 thecharacteristic impedance of the cable is (C) 143.3 (D) 43.4

18. If (A) Ans wer : (C) Exp :-

then the region of convergence (ROC) of its Z-transform in the Z-plane will be (B) (C) (D)

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ECE

GATE 2012

We draw the three ROC on the Z plane

-3

-1/3

1/3

1/2

The over lapping region is given by

19. In the sum of p roducts function (A) (B) Ans wer : (A) Exp :-

, the prime imp licants are (C) (D)

20. A system with transfer function

Is excited (A)

. The steady-state output of the system is zero at (B) (C)

(D)

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ECE

GATE 2012

Ans wer : (C) Exp :G(S) = Y(S) = G(S). U(S) = For S + 9 = 0 = 3 21. The impedance looking into nodes 1 an 2 in the given circuit is
2

=0

(A) (B) (C) (D)

50 100 5k 10.1 k

Ans wer : (A) Exp :-

After connecting a voltage source of V

22. In the circuit shown below, the current through the inductor is

(A) Ans wer : (C) Exp :-

(B)

(C)

(D) 0 A

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ECE

GATE 2012

1 0A 1 0V + -

~
A + -j1 1 0V

1 0 1

Calculate the current through the inductor Solution Let in assume B to be grounded So voltage at A VA = 10-10 = 0 So applying KCL at C

23. Given (A) -2 Ans wer : (C) Exp :dZ = = d2 = 1

. If C is counter clockwise path in the z-p lane such that |z+1|=1, the value of (B) -1 (C) 1 (D) 2

d2

24. Two independent random variab les X and Y are uniformly d istributed in the interval [-1,1]. The probability that max [X,Y] is less than 1/2 is (A) 3/4 (B) 9/16 (C) 1/4 (D) 2/3= Ans wer : (B ) Exp :Max [ X, Y] P = = 25. If (A) e= 9/16 , then the value xx is
/2

(B) e

/2

(C) x

(D) 1

Ans wer : (A) Exp := =

Q.26 to Q.55 carry two marks each. 26. The source of a silicon (n i = 1010 per cm3 ) n-channel M OS transistor has an area of 1 sq um and adepth of 1u m. If the dopant density in the source is 1019 cm3 , the number of holes in the source region with the above volume is approximately (A) 107 (B) 100 (C) 10 (D) 0 Ans wer : (D) Exp := /

and

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ECE P = = 10

GATE 2012

27. A BPSK scheme operating over an AW GN channel with noise power spectral density of N0 /2,usesequiprobable signals s 1 (t)= sin ( ct) and s 2 (t) = sin ( ct) over the symbolinterval (0, 7). If the local oscillator in a coherent

receiver is ahead in phase by 45 with respect to the received signal, the probability of error in the resulting system is (A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans wer : (B ) Exp :Given : BPSK scheme, AW GN channel with Noise power spectral density Equiprobable signals

Local oscillator in-coherent receiver is head in phase by 450 with respect to the received signal Generally, we consider the local oscillator function of unit energy

Receiver structure:

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ECE

GATE 2012

28. A transmission line with a characteristic impedance of 100 . is used to match a 50 section to a 200 section. If the matching is to be done both at 429 M Hz and 1 GHz, the length of the transmission line can be appro ximately (A) 82.5 cm (B) 1.05m (C) 1.85 m (D) 1.75 m Ans wer : (C)

29. The input x(t) and output y(t) of a system are related as y(t) = (A) time-invariant and stable (B) stable and not time-invariant Ans wer : (D) 30. The Feedback system shown below oscillates at 2 rad/s when

The system is (C) time-invariant and not stable (D) not time -invariant and not stable

(A) K=2 and a=0.75 (C) K=4 and a=0. 5 Ans wer : (A)

(B) K=3 and a=0.75 (D) K=2 and a=0.5

31. The Fourier transform of a signal h(t) is H{j ) = (2 cos ) (sin 2 ) / . The value of h(0) is (A) (B) (C) 1 Ans wer : (C) Exp :-

(D) 2

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ECE

GATE 2012

-3 -1 +1 3

32. The state variable description of an LTI system is given by

whereyis the output and u is the input. The system is controllable for (A) a1 0, a2 =0, a3 0 (C) a1 =0, a2 0, a3 =0 (B) a1 =0, a2 0, a3 0 (D) a1 0, a2 0, a3 =0

Ans wer : (D) Exp := + u

y=

A ==

&B=

So, AB = =

So, the controllability matrix, h = Determinant should be non-zero So, a1 a2 ( a2 ) 0 a1 0 a2 0 a3 may be 0 33. Assuming both the voltage sources are in phase the value of R fo r wh ich maximu m power is transferred fro m circuit A to circuit B is

(A) 0.8

(B) 1.4

(C) 2

(D) 2.8

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ECE Ans wer : (A) Exp :-

GATE 2012

34. Consider the differential equation

The numerical value of (A) -2 (B) -1 (C) 0 (D) 1

Ans wer : (D) 35. The direction of vector A is radially outward fro m the origin, with |A |=kr n where r2 = x2 + y 2 + z2+ and k is a constant. The value of n for wh ich .A=0 is (A) -2 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 0 Ans wer : (A) Exp:-

36. A fair coin is tossed till a head appears for the first time. The probability that the number of required tosses is odd, is (A) 1/3 (B) (C) 2/3 (D) Ans wer : (C) Exp :+ = + = 2/ 3 + - - -- - =

37. In the CMOS circu it shown, electron and holemobilities are equal, and M1 and M2 are equally sized. The device M l is in the linear reg ion if

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ECE

GATE 2012

Ans wer : (A) Exp := -1V and < 1.875 V

= 1V and

<

38. A binary symmetric channel (BSC) has a transition probability of 1/ 8. If the binary transmit symbol x is such that P(X=0)=9/ 10, then the probability of error for an optimu m receiver will be (A) 7/80 (B) 63/ 80 (C) 9/10 (D) 1/10 Ans wer : (A) Exp :Transition probability = P (X = 0) = P (X = 1) = prob of error = . = 7/80

39. The signal m(t) as shown is applied both to a phase modulator (with k p as the phase constant) anda frequency modulator (with k f as the frequency constant) having the same carrier frequency.

(A) 8 Ans wer : (B ) Exp :-

(B) 4

(C) 2

(D)

40. The magnetic field along the propagation direction insid e a rectangular waveguide with the cross -section shown in the figure is

(A) v p > c

(B) v p = c

(C) 0<v p < c

(D) v p = 0

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ECE

GATE 2012

Ans wer : (*) Exp : = 6.283 x and =

and = 2.094 x and = 2.618 x = 2 = 10.05 x For propagation of wave > Wave doesnt propagate = 0 41. The circuit shown is a

(A) Low pass filter with f3dB= (B) High pass filter with f3dB= Ans wer : (B ) Exp :R2 e + Vi R1 V0

(C) Low pass filter with f3dB= (D) High pass filter with f3dB=

Sol : The above circuit in an inverting amp lifier So, =So, there is, one zero and one pole in the transfer function therefore a high pan filter calcu lation of 3dB frequency: If s ,

R R 1 R

+ 5V

D 2A

42. Let y[n] denote the convolution of h[n] and g[n], where h[n]= (1/2) n u[n] and g[n] is causal sequence. If y[0]=1 and y[1]=1/ 2, then g[1] equals (A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) 3/2

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ECE Ans wer : (A) Exp :-

GATE 2012

43. The state transition diagram for the logic circu it shown is

Ans wer : (D) Exp :-

2:1 MUX D Q X1 X0 A Y

Clk

Let Q = 0, A = 0 So, Y = X0 = = 1 D = Q+ = 1. Q = 0, A = 1 So, Y = X1 = Q = 0 So, D = Q+ = 0

Q = 1, A = 0 So, Y = X0 = = D So, D = Q+ = D Q = 1, A = 1 So, Y = X1 = Q = 1 D = Q+ = 1.

So, the state diagram looks as follo ws:


A=1 A=1

Q=0

A=0

Q=1

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ECE

GATE 2012

44. The Voltage gain A v of the circu it shown below is

(A) Ans wer : (D) Exp :-

(B)

(C)

(D)

KVL in input loop, 13.7-(IC + IB)12k - 100k(IB) - 0.7 = 0

45. If VA - VB =6 V, then VC - VD is

(A) -5 V Ans wer : (A) Exp :If VA -VB = 6V, Vc - VD =?

(B) 2 V

(C) 3 V

(D) 6 V

Sol : Current Flo wing through 2 retance I= = 3A The current should flo w out fro m terminal D. So, Current through 1 restance h (2+3) A > 5A There fore, VC = VD = -5x 1 -5V 46. The maximu m value of f(x)=x3 -9x2 + 24x + 5 in the intervak [1,6] is (A) 21 (B) 25 (C) 41

(D) 46

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ECE

GATE 2012

Ans wer : (C) Exp :-

Given, f (x) = x3 - 9x2 + 24x + 5 f'(x) = 0 for stationary values^ 3x2 -18x + 24 = 0 => x=2,4 f"(x) = 6x-18; f"(2) = 12-18<0; f"(4) = 24-18 >0 Hence f (x) has maximum value at x=2 The maximum value is 23 -9x22 +24x2 + 5 = 25 But we have to find the maximum value in the interval [1, 6] f (6) = 63 - 9 x 62 + 24 x 6 + 5 = 41
47. Given that , the value of A 3 is (A) 15 A + 12 I Ans wer : (B ) Exp :A= =0 + 5 + 6 = 0 + 5A + 6I = 0 - 5A 6I (1) =- 6A = -5 (-5A-6I) 6A = 19A + 30I (B) 19 A + 30 I (C) 17 A + 15 I (D) 17 A + 21 I

Common Data Questions Common Data for questions 48 and 49: With 10 V dc connected at port A in the linear nonreciprocal t wo-port network shown below, the fo llo wing were observed: (i) 1 connected at port B draws a current of 3 A (ii) 2.5 connected at port B draws a current of 2 A 48. With 10 V dc connected at port A, the current drawn by 7 . connected at port B is (A) 3/7 A (B) 5/7 A (C) 1 A (D) 9/7 A

Ans wer : (C) Exp :-

48. As per the given conditions, we can draw the fo llo wing two figures.

3A A

2A B A

10V

B 1

10V

2.5

Let Vth and Rth be the Thevenin voltage & resistance as seen from part B.
3A 2A Rth Rth 1

V th

V th

2.5

Vth = 3Rth + 3 &Vth = 2Rth + 5 (1) (2) Solving (1) & (2) Rth = 2 So, Vth = 3 x 2 + 3 = 9V Now,

B.i

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ECE

GATE 2012

i= 49. For the same network, with 6 V dc connected at port A, 1 connected at port B draws 7/3 A If 8 V dc is connected to port A, the open circuit voltage at port B is (A) 6 V (B) 7 V (C) 8 V (D) 9 V Ans wer : (C) Exp :7/3 A Rth = 2

V th

So, Vth = 7/3 x 2 + = = 7V. The Open circu it voltage at port B is 7V. Common Data for Questions 50 and 51: In the three dimensional view of a silicon n-channel MOS transistor shown below, = 20 n m. The transistor is of width 1 m. The deplet ion width formed at every p-n junction, is 10 n m. The relative permitt ivities of Si and Si02 , respectively, are11.7 and 3.9, and0 = 8.9 x 10-12 F/m.

50. The gate-source overlap capacitance is approximately (A) 0.7 fF (B) 0.7 pF Ans wer : (A) Exp :C= = = 0.7fF

(C) 0.35 fF

(D) 0.24 pF

51. The source-body junction capacitance is approximately (A) 2 fF (B) 7 fF Ans wer : (B ) Exp :C= = = 2fF

(C) 2 pF

(D) 7 pF

Linked Ans wer Questions Statement for Li nked Answer Questions 52 and 53: An infin itely long uniform solid wire of rad ius a carries a uniform dc current of density j . 52. The magnetic field at a d istance r fro m the center of the wire is proportional to (A) r for r < a and 1/r2 for r > a (C) r for r < a and 1/r for r > a (B) 0 fo r r < a and 1/r for r > a (D) 0 fo r r < a and 1/r2 for r > a Ans wer : (C) Exp :=I

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ECE If r > e H (2r) = I H = H

GATE 2012

If r < e H r , and is maximu m at r = a 53. A hole of radius b (b < a) is now drilled along the length of the wire at a d istance d from the center of the wire as shown below.

The magnetic field inside the hole is (A) uniform and depends only on d (B) uniform and depends only on b

(C) uniform and depends on both b and d (D) non uniform

Ans wer : (A) Exp :Magnetic held inside hole depends on radius of hole i.e b and also on the location of hole fro m center of the conductor ie d. Hole has uniform cross section magnetic field is unifo rm Statement for Li nked Answer Questions 54 and 55: The transfer function of a co mpensator is given as . 54. Gc(s)is a lead co mpensator if (A) a = 1, b = 2 (C) a = -3, b = -1 Ans wer : (A) Exp :(B) a = 3, b = 2 (D) a = 3, b = 1

55. The phase of the above lead compensator is maximu m at (A) (B) Ans wer : (A) Exp :For maximu m phase shift

(C)

(D)

General Aptitude (GA) Questions (Compulsory) Q.56 - Q. 60 carry one mark each. 56. If(1.001)1259 = 3.52 and (1.001)2062 = 7.85, then (1.001)3321 = (A) 2.23 (B) 4.33

(C) 11.37

(D) 27.64

Ans wer : (D) Exp :a ^ b X a ^ c = a ^ (b+c) 1.001 ^ 3321 = 1.001 ^ 1259 X 1.001 ^ 2062 = 3.52 X 7.85= 27.64

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ECE

GATE 2012

57. Choose the most appropriate alternative fro m the options given below to complete the fo llo wingsentence: If the tired sol dier wanted to lie down, he _____ the mattress out on the balcony. (A) Should take (C) Should have taken (B) Shall take (D) Will have taken Ans wer : (A) 58. Choose the most appropriate word fro m the options given below to comp lete the followingsentence: Gi ven the seriousness of the situation that he had to face, his _____ was impressive. (A) beggary (B) no menclature (C) jealousy (D) nonchalance Ans wer : (D) 59. Which one of the following options is the closest in meaning to the word given belo w? Latitude (A) Eligibility (C) Coercion (B) Freedom (D) Meticulousness Ans wer : (B ) 60. One of the parts (A, B, C, D) in the sentence given below contains an ERROR. Which one of the following is INCORRECT? I requested that he shoul d be gi ven the dri ving test today i nstead of tomorrow (A) Requested that (C) The driving test (B) Should be given (D) Instead of-tomorrow Ans wer : (B ) Q.61 - Q.65 carry two marks each'. 61. Q.61 One of the legacies of the Roman legions was discipline. In the legions, military law prevailed and discipline was brutal. Discipline on the battlefiel d kept units obedient, i ntact and fighting even when the odds and conditi ons were agai nst them. Which one of the following statements best sums up the meaning of the above passage? (A) Thorough regimentation was the main reason for the efficiency of the Ro man legions even in adversecircumstances. (B) The legions were treated inhumanly as if the men were an imals (C) Discip line was the armies' inheritance fro m their seniors (D) The harsh discipline to which the leg ions were subjected to led to the odds and conditions being against them. Ans wer : (A) 62. Raju has 14 currency notes in his pocket consisting of only Rs. 20 notes and Rs. 10 notes. The total money value of the notes is Rs. 230. The nu mber of Rs. 10 notes that Raju has is (A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 10 Ans wer : (A) Exp :Let the no. Of Rs.20 notes be X and the no. Of Rs.10 notes be Y. Now, 20X + 10Y = 230 X+Y=14 Solving these two simu ltaneous equations, we will get X=9 , Y=5 63. There are eight bags of rice looking alike, seven of which have equal weight and one is slightly heavier. The weighing balance is of unlimited capacity. Using this balance, the min imu m nu mber o f weighings required to identify the heavier bag is (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 8 Ans wer : (A) Exp :First divide the eight bags in two groups of four bags each. Weigh them and you will get the heavier group. Now divide the heavier group of four bags in two groups of two bags each. Weigh this group and you will again get the

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ECE

GATE 2012

heavier group of them. No w weigh the two bags of this heavier group and you will ge t the heavier bag. So in 3 weighing, you can identify the heavier bag. 64. The data given in the following table summarizes the monthly budget of an average household. Category Amount (Rs.) Food 4000 Clothing 1200 Rent 2000 Savings 1500 Other expenses 1800 The approximate percentage of the monthly budget NOT spent on savings is (A) 10% (B) 14% (C) 81% Ans wer : (B ) Exp :Total monthly budget = 10500 Savings = 1500 Not spend on savings= 10500-1500=9000 Approximate Percentage not spend on savings = 9000/10500 X 100 = 86% 65. A and B are friends. They decide to meet between 1 PM and 2 PM on a given day. There is a condition that whoever arrives first will not wait for the other for mo re than 15 minutes. The p robability that they will meet on that day is (A) (B) 1/16 (C) 7/16 (D) 9/16 Ans wer : (C) Exp :The time gap between their arrivals could be anything within an hour. But for them to meet, the time gap should not b e more than 15minutes. So the probability that they will meet = 15/ 60 =

(D) 86%

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