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fall review part b

Answer Section

SHORT ANSWER

1. ANS:
swimming, track, soccer, speed skating, ski jump
2. ANS:
SI
3. ANS:
60ºC
4. ANS:
line graph
5. ANS:
353 K
6. ANS:
2, 3, 1, 5, 4
7. ANS:
The two cars drove in different directions.
8. ANS:
Yes, the skater could be changing directions. No, any change in speed will change the velocity.
9. ANS:
The two cars are traveling in different directions.
10. ANS:
Yes, it could have constant speed. No, a change in velocity is always an acceleration.
11. ANS:
Velocity is the rate of change of position. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
12. ANS:
The car is slowing down at the rate of 5 m/s every second.
13. ANS:
an unbalanced force is acting on it
14. ANS:
0, 0
15. ANS:
Yes, the object could be moving at a constant velocity (not changing its motion).
16. ANS:
An object in motion stays in motion unless an unbalanced force acts on it. An object at rest stays
at rest unless an unbalanced force acts on it.
17. ANS:
Your foot stops, but the inertia of the rest of your body keeps it going forward.
18. ANS:
A seat belt helps to minimize injury from the inertia that keeps your body moving forward.
19. ANS:
4
20. ANS:
1
21. ANS:
They are the same.
22. ANS:
Object 2 has greater mass than object 1 and the same velocity.
23. ANS:
its greater velocity
24. ANS:
The rock supplies an upward reaction force on Sally equal to her weight.
25. ANS:
0.5 kg × m/s
26. ANS:
Crumple the paper into a ball to reduce the air resistance.
27. ANS:
All objects would fall at the same rate, but the flatter object has a greater air resistance and will
not fall as fast, so it hits the ground last.
28. ANS:
They will hit at the same time. Vertically, they travel the same distance under the influence of the
same force, gravity; horizontal motion doesn't count.
29. ANS:
Mass measures the amount of matter; weight measures the force of gravity on the matter.
30. ANS:
Your mass is the same because you didn't change the amount of matter, but the gravitational force
decreased, decreasing your weight.
31. ANS:
hot gases are the action force, accelerating rocket is the reaction force
32. ANS:
the gravitational force exerted on an object
33. ANS:
After the chute opens, it increases the air resistance. This slows the sky diver to a terminal
velocity where air resistance to the chute and diver are balancing the force of gravity.
34. ANS:
ball loses momentum, pins gain momentum lost by ball
35. ANS:
It decreases because the shuttle is farther from Earth.
36. ANS:
D
37. ANS:
C
38. ANS:
Kinetic energy is based on mass and velocity. Given equal velocity, the dump truck has the most
mass, so it has the most kinetic energy. The sports car would be next, and the bicycle last.
39. ANS:
No, his machine would have an efficiency of 108 percent. No machine can have an efficiency
greater than 100 percent.
40. ANS:
Adding oil decreases friction, decreases work lost to heat, increases work output, and increases
efficiency.
41. ANS:
Divide the radius of the effort gear by the radius of the resistance gear.
42. ANS:
Sally; Sally does the same amount of work in less time, so she is more powerful.
43. ANS:
Ideal mechanical advantage doesn't take energy lost to friction into account.
44. ANS:
It has NO UNITS; they divide out.
45. ANS:
B, A, C
46. ANS:
It is determined by the density of the medium at the compressions.
47. ANS:
frequency increases; wavelength decreases
48. ANS:
wavelength, frequency, and speed remain the same; amplitude increases
49. ANS:
As the ripples move away from the original disturbance, they lose energy.
50. ANS:
It means that one wave crest passes a given point every second.
51. ANS:
When the hiker shouted, the sound waves traveled to the cliff and were reflected back to the
listener's ears.
52. ANS:
Both cause waves to bend. Refraction occurs when waves change speed when changing media.
Diffraction occurs when waves bend around a barrier.
53. ANS:
At the node, destructive interference takes place. At the crest (antinode), constructive interference
takes place.

PROBLEM

54. ANS:
volume = 22 mL – 18 mL = 4 mL
55. ANS:
d = 240 g/200 mL = 1.2 g/mL = 1.2 g/cm3
56. ANS:
d = s x y = 227 km/h × (2.00 h) = 454 km
57. ANS:
vf – vi/t = (96 m/s – 32 m/s)/ 8.0 s = 8.0 m/s2
58. ANS:
250 kg m/s
p = mv = 10 kg 25 m/s = 250 kg m/s
59. ANS:
48 N
F = ma = 12 kg 4 m/s2 = 48 kg m/s2 = 48 N
60. ANS:
1/2 mv2 = 1/2 (18 + 62)(7)2 = 1,960 J
61. ANS:
1/2 mv2 = 1/2 (20 + 50)(8)2 = 2,290 J
62. ANS:
(m)(9.8)(h) = (70)(9.8)(3) = 2,058 J
63. ANS:
(m)(9.8)(h) = (90)(9.8)(4) = 3,528 J
64. ANS:
IMA = Le/Lr = 4.0 m/1.0 m = 4
65. ANS:
IMA = Le/Lr = 2.0 m/1.0 m = 2
66. ANS:
IMA = l/h = 12 m/4 m = 3
67. ANS:
MA = R/F; R = MA F = 3 70 N = 210 N
68. ANS:
W = F d = 70 N 12 m = 840 N/m = 840 J
69. ANS:
1,680 J
Work = F × d; F = 2 × 70 N = 140 N; W = 140 N × 12 m =
1,680 N·m =1680 J
70. ANS:
210 N
dr = de' Eff. = Fr/Fe;·Fe = Fr/E = 210 N/100% = 210 N
71. ANS:
IMA = Le/Lr = 4.5 m/1.5 m = 3
72. ANS:
IMA = Le/Lr = 24 cm/0.5 cm = 48
73. ANS:
See figure 7-8 in the student text.
74. ANS:
V = d/t = 4.4 m/2.0 s = 2.2 m/s
75. ANS:
v = λf = 2.0 Hz × 10 m = 20 m/s

COMPLETION

76. ANS: velocity


77. ANS: speed
78. ANS: speed
79. ANS: speed, direction
80. ANS: negative
81. ANS: acceleration
82. ANS: initial, final
83. ANS: balanced
84. ANS: inertia (mass)
85. ANS: acceleration
86. ANS: Static
87. ANS: rolling
88. ANS: different
89. ANS: change
90. ANS: four
91. ANS: potential
92. ANS: thermal
93. ANS: mechanical
94. ANS: form
95. ANS: kinetic
96. ANS: calorie
97. ANS: joules
98. ANS: smaller or less
99. ANS: resistance
100. ANS: multiplies
101. ANS: wheel and axle
102. ANS: Efficiency
103. ANS: flow
104. ANS: insulators
105. ANS: energy
106. ANS: Thermal energy
107. ANS: energy
108. ANS: radiation
109. ANS: convection
110. ANS: conduction
111. ANS: conduction
112. ANS: waves
113. ANS: energy
114. ANS: transverse, compressional
115. ANS: transverse
116. ANS: Seismic
117. ANS: rarefaction
118. ANS: crests
119. ANS: wavelength
120. ANS: wavelength
121. ANS: normal
122. ANS: diffraction
123. ANS: trough
124. ANS: natural frequency

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