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GATE 2012

Instrumentation Engineering
Q.1 - Q.25 Carry One Mark each. 1. If x = , then the value of is (A) (B) Ans wer : [A] Exp :

(C)

(D) 1

2.

With init ial condit ion x(1) = 0.5, the solution of the differential equation, T + x= t is (A) =t (B) = (C) = (D) =

Ans wer : (D) Exp :

3.

Two independent random variables X and Y are uniformly distributed in the interval [-1, 1]. The probability that max [x, Y] is less than is (A) (B) 9/16 (C) (D) 2/3

Ans wer : (B ) Distribution X, Y on [ -1, 1] ; f(x) = f(y) = P = 4. The unilateral Laplace transform of f(t) is (A) Ans wer : (D) Exp : If f(t) F(s), then t f(t) Thus if F (s) = Tf(t) 5. Given f(z) = (A) -2 (B) . The unilateral Laplace transform of t f(t) is (C) (D) =P

F(s)

if C is a counterclockwise path in the z-p lane such that |z+1| = 1, the value of (B) -1 (C) 1

dz is (D) 2

Ans wer : (C) Exp :

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GATE 2012

6.

The average power delivered to an impedance (4-j3) b y a current 5cos(100t+100)A us (A) 44.2W (B) 50W (C) 62.5W

(D) 125W

Ans wer : (B ) Exp :

7.

In the circuit shown below, the current through the inductor is

(A) (B)

A A

(C)

(D) 0 A

Ans wer : (C) Exp :

@ D current entering =

@ D current learning = So no current flo ws in path DB or DC VB = VC R & L are in 11d By current div ision rule

10 A 10 A

8.

In the following figure, C1 and C2 are ideal capacitors. C1 has been charged to 12V before the idial switch S is closed at t = 0. The current i(t) for all t is

(A) Zero (B) A step function Ans wer : (D) Exp : When the switch in closed at t = 0

(C) An exponentially decaying function (D) An impu lse function

Capacitor Ci will discharge and C2 will get charge since both Ci and C2 are i and there is no-resistance in the circuit charging and discharging time cons will be zero. Thus current will exist like an impulse function. I= = = rd = 500 Since diod'e will be forward biased voltage across diode will be 0.7V

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GATE 2012

I= = 9. The impedance looking into nodes 1 and 2 in the given circuit is

(A) 50?

(B) 100?

(C) 5k?

(D) 10.1k?

Ans wer : (A) Exp : The problem is of finding the Thevenins Resistance across terminal 1,2. So we connect a test current source of 1A and find the voltage developed across the current source.
C0b 1K A 9k 100 1 1A 2 99c
0 b

By Nodal analysis at Node A, ( VA / 10 k) + (VA / 100) 99ib 1 = 0 -----(1) Also ib = -( VA / 10 k) ----- (2) Using (2) in (1) we get VA = 50V. VA is the voltage developed across the test source of 1A. So R12 = ( VA / 1) = 50 oh ms [Option A] 10. The i.v. characteristic of the diode in the circu it in the circuit g iven below are I= The current in the circuit is
1k
i

+ 10V + V

(A) 10mA Ans wer : (D) Exp : L =

(B) 9.3mA

(C) 6.67mA

(D) 6.2mA

= 6.2 mA

11. A system with transfer function G(s) = Is excited by sin (t). The steady-state output of the system is zero at (A) = 1rad/s (B) = 3rad/s

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IN (C) = 2rad/s (D) = rad/s

GATE 2012

Ans wer : (C) Exp : Steady state output of system is y(t) = |G(j)|sin(t+ |G( j)]

for y(t) to be zero G(j) can be zero |G(j)| = |G(j)| = 0 thus y(t) = 0
12. The output Y o f a 2-b it co mparator is logic 1 whenever the 2-bit input A is greater than the 2-bit input B. The number of co mbinations for wh ich the output is logic 1, is (A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 10 Ans wer : (B ) Exp : Let A1 A0 be the bits of nu mber A and B1B0 be the bits of number B and let Y be the output A1 A0 B1 B0 Y 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 Fro m the truth table we see that the number of t imes Y becomes 1 is 6 [Option B] 13. In the sum of products function f(X, Y, Z ) = ), the prime imp licants are (A) Y, X (C) Y , (B) Y, X ,X Z (D) Y , Ans wer : (A) Exp :

YZ X Y Z, X

,X

Implicates are y , yz, x ,xy The prime imp licates are y and x 14. Consider the given circuit

In this circuit the race around (A) Does not occur (B) Occurs when CLK = 0 Ans wer : (A) Exp :

(C) Occurs when CLK = 1 and A =B =1 (D) Occurs when clk = 1 and A = B = 0

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Qnext = = A.CLK + Q next = A.CLK + If CLK = 1 and A and B = 1 then If CLK = 1 and A = B = 0 No race around Thus race around does not occur in the circuit
15. If x [n] = (A) (B) < < <3 < u[n], then the region of coveregence (ROC) of its Z-transform in the Z-plane will be (C) (D) < < <3

No race around

Ans wer : (C) Exp :

16. A capacitive motion transducer circuit is shown. The gap d between the parallel plates of the capacitor is varied as d(t) = 10-3[1+0.1 sin (1000t)]m. If the value of the capacitance is 2pF at t = 0 ms, the output voltage Vo at t = 2 ms is

(A) mV (B) mV Ans wer : (B ) 17. A psychrometric chart is used to determine (A) pH (B) Sound velocity in glasses Ans wer : (D)

(C) 2 mV (D) 4 mV

(C) CO2 concentration (D) Relat ive humidity

18. A strain gauge is attached on a cantilever beam as shown. If the base of the cantilever vib rates according to the equation x(t) = sin 1 t, where 2 rad/s 1, 2 < 3 rad/s, then the output of the strain gauge is proportional

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GATE 2012

(A) X (B)

(C) (D)

Ans wer : (C) 19. The transfer function of a Zero order Hold system with sampling interval T is (A) (B) (C) Ans wer : (A) Exp :

(D)

20. An LED emitting at 1 m with a spectral width of 50 n m is used in a Michelson interfero meter. To obtain a sustained interference, the maximu m optical path difference between the two arms of the interfero meter is (A) 200 m (C) 1 m (B) 20 m (D) 50mm Ans wer : (B ) Exp : H Odd TH Even TT H Odd T TT H Even So we see that Odds and Even have likely equal chances Hence it is 21. Light of wavelength 630 n m in vacuum, falling normally on a b iological specimen of thickness 10m, splits into two beams that are polarized at right angles. The refract ive index o f the tissue for the two polarizat ions are 1.32 and 1.333. When the two beams emerge, they are out of phase by (A) 0.1 (B) 74. (C) 90. (D) 128. Ans wer : (B ) 22. The responsivity of the PIN photodiode shown is 0.9 A/W. To obtain Vout of -1V for an incident optical power of 1mW, the value of R to be used is

(A) 0.9

(B) 1.1

(C) 0.9k

(D) 1.1k

Ans wer : (D) Exp : Given, responsively= 0.9 A/W. It can be considered as sensitivity because it a ratio of o/p to i/p

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By applying concept of virtual ground at node A. We have VA = Ov So, current will flow fro m VA to Vout as Vout is at = -1V

23. A periodic voltage waveform observed on an oscilloscope across a load is shown. A permanent magnet moving coil (PMM C) meter connected across the same load reads

(A) 4V (B) 5V

(C) 8V (D) 10V

Ans wer : (A) Exp : PMMC meter will read the average value of the applied waveform. Vavg = ( 1/time period) dt = (1/ 20) sin (t)+ sin (3t) and i (t) =

Solving and substituting the limits, we get the value of Vavg As 4V [Option (A)] 24. For the circuit shown in the figure, the voltage and current exp ressions are v(t) = sin + sin (3t- +) + sin (5t).

(A) (B) (C) (D) Ans wer : (C)

cos

25. The bridge method commonly used for finding mutual inductance is (A) Heav iside Campbell bridge (C) De sauty bridge (B) Schering bridge (D) Wien bridge

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Ans wer : (A) Q. 26 55 carry two marks each. 26. A fair coin is tossed till a head appears for the first time. The probability that the number of required tosses is odd, is (A) 1/3 (C) 2/3 (B) (D) Ans wer : (C) Exp : P (no of tosses is odd) = P (H) +P(TTH) +P(TTTH)+.

27. Given that A= (A) 15A + 12I (B) 19A + 30I Ans wer : (B ) Exp : Given : = A Characteristic equation of A is |A-I| = 0 =>
2

and I =

the value of

is (C) 17A + 15I (D) 17A + 21I

=0

(-5 - ) (-) + 6 = 0 => 5 + + 6 = 0 2 = -5 - 6 and 3 = -52 - 6 = -5 (-5 - 6) - 6 3 = 25, - 6 + 30 = 19 + 30 Every satisfies its characteristic equation; A 3 = 19A + 30I 28. The direction of vector A is radially outward fro m the origin, with |A | = k constant. The value of n for wh ich .A = 0 is (A) -2 (C) 1 (B) 2 (D) 0 Ans wer : (A) Exp : We Know that, . Now, , = = = k (n+2) for, . = , (n+2) = 0 n = -2 29. A maximu m value of f(x) = (A) 21 (B) 25 -9 +24x+5 in the interval [1, 6] is (C) 41 (D) 46 where = + + and k is a

Ans wer : (C) Exp : Given, f(x)= x3 -9x2 +24x + 5 f (x) = 0 for stationary values 3x2 -18x + 24 = 0 ^> x=2,4 f"(x)=6x-18; f"(2) = 12-18<0; f"(4) = 24-18 > 0 Hence f (x) has maximu m value at x=2 The maximu m value is 23 - 9x22 +24x2 + 5 = 25 But we have tofindthe maximu m valuein the interval [1, 6| f (6) = 63 - 9 x 62 + 24 x 6 + 5 = 41

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30. Consider the differential equation +2 + y(t) = (t) with y(t is (C) 0 (D) 1 = -2 and =0

The numerical value of (A) -2 (B) -1 Ans wer : (D) Exp : +y (t) = (t)

Converting to s- domain, s 2y(s)-sy(0)-y'(0) + 2[sy(s)-y(0)] + y(s) = l [s 2 +2s + l]y(s) + 2s + 4 = l Y(s) = Find inverse lapalce transform y(t) = [-2e-t -te-t ]u(t)

31. If

=6V, then

is

(A) -5V

(B) 2V

(C) 3V

(D) 6V

Ans wer : (A) Exp : After appling source transformation and simplify ing the given circuit beco mes like, Given, VA -VB = 6V, RAB = 2oh ms 3A. By Nodal analysis, At node A, -7.5 + (VA -VC)/(0.4R) 3 = 0 .(1) At node C, (VC - VD ) /1+2+7.5+(VC-VA ) /0.4R = -4.5A. Use the above result in (2), we get (VC -VD ) = -5V(Option A). 32. Assuming both the voltage sources are in phase, the value of R fo r wh ich maximu m power is transferred fro m circu it A to circu it B is

(A) 0.8

(B) 1.4

(C) 2

(D) 2.8

Ans wer : (A) Exp : Power transferred fro m circuit A to circu it A = VI= I=

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GATE 2012

70(R + 2)2 = (42 + 70R)2(R + 2); 5(R+2) = 2(3+ 5R) 5R + 10 = 6 + 10R; 4=5R; R=0.8 33. The voltage gain of the circu it shown below is

(A) |Av| 200 (B) |Av| 100

(C) |Av| 20 (D) |Av| 10

Ans wer : (D) Exp : By DC analysis, 13.7 12k*lE +100k *(lE /(+1)) +0.7 IE =1.007mA re 26mV/ (IE ) = 25.8 ohms AC Equivalent circuit o f the given amplifier By Nodal analysis, (Va-Vi)/ 10k +(Va-Vb)/100k+Va/re = 0 (1) (Vb-Va)/ 100k+(vB/12k) ib = 0 Vb = Vo Therefore we get, (Vo-Va)/100k+Vo (/12k)+ ib = 0 (2) Simp lify the above equation, find Va in terms of Vo and substitute in equation (1) we, Get, A = Vo/ Vi = -(412/46.15) = -8.9 Therefore |A| ~ = 10(option D). 34. The state variable description of an LTI system is given by = + u

Y = 100 Where y is the output and u is the input. The system is controllable for (A) a1 0, a2 = 0, a3 0 (C) a1 = 0, a2 0, a3 =0 (B) a1= 0, a2 0, a3 0 (D) a1 0, a2 0, a3 =0 Ans wer : (D) Exp : = A= = B= AB = B=

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S / M is controllable only if Rank [ ] = no. of state variable = 3 (here) 0 0 35. The state transition diagram for the logic circu it shown is

Ans wer : (D) Exp : State table A 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 Fro m State table D 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

A=O Q=O A=O A=1 A=1 Q=1

36. The fourier transform of a signal h(t) is H(j ) = (2cos ) I. The value of h(0) is (A) (B) (C) 1 Ans wer : (C) Exp :

(D) 2

37. Let y[n] denote the convolution of h[n] and g[n], where h[n] = (1/ 2

u [n] and g[n] is a causal sequne. If y

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IN [0] = 1 and y[1] , then g[1] equals (A) 0 (B) Ans wer : (A) Exp :

GATE 2012

(C) 1

(D) 3/2

38. The Feedback system shown below oscillates at 2rad/s when

(A) K=2 and a = 0.75 (B) K = 3 and, a =0.75 Ans wer : (A) Exp : l+G(S)H(S) = S3 +as 2 +(2 + k)s-l + k s3 1 (2 + k) s2 a (2 + k) s a(2 + k)-(2 + k)0 s (l + k)a For system to oscillatea(2+ k)-(1 + k) = 0 a= A.E=. as 2 +(l + k) = 0s= 2 + k = 4k = 2 Thus a = 0.75 39. The circu it shown is a

(C) K = 4 and a = 0.5 (D) K = 2 and a = 0.5

(A) Low pass filter with f3d B = (B) High pass filter with f3dB = (C) Lo w pass filter with f3dB = (D) High pass filter with f3dB = Ans wer : (B ) Exp : = = There is a Zero @ S = 0 and pole Q S =

rad/s rad/s rad/s rad/s

|a|

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it is HPF with 3d B frequency @

r, ad/s . The system is (C) Time invariant and not stable (D) Not t ime invariant and not stable

40. The input x(t) and output y(t) of a system are related as y(t) = (A) Time- invariant and stable (B) Stable and not time invariant Ans wer : (D) Exp :

Not Stable 41. A double convex lens is used to couple a laser beam of d iameter 5mm into an optical fiber with a numerical aperture of 0.5. The minimu m focal length of the lens that should be used in order to focus the entire beam into the fiber is (A) 1.44mm (B) 2.50mm (C) 4.33mm (D) 5.00mm Ans wer : (B ) 42. An analog voltmeter uses external mult iplier settings. With a multip lier setting of 20k, it reads 440 V and with a mu ltip lier setting of 80k , it reads 352 V. For a mult iplier setting of 40k, the volt meter reads (A) 971 V (B) 383V (C) 394V (D) 406V Ans wer : (D) 43. The open loop transfer function of a unity negative feedback control system is given by G(s) = . The gain margin o f the system is (A) 10.8 dB Ans wer : (C) Exp : G.M is evaluated @ = -90 ( )A + Taking tan on Both sides tan (A + B) = tan = 1 tan A tan B = 0 = 225 tan A tan B =1 = 15 r/s @ = 15 r/s G= G.M in d B = 20log = 34 d B (B) 22.3d B (C) 34.1d B (D) 45.6d B

( B =

)= -

@=

44. A dynamometer arm makes contact with the piezoelectric load cell as shown. The g -constant of the piezoelectric material is 50x Vm/N and the surface area of the load cell is 4c . If a forque = 20 Nm is applied to the dynamo meter, the output voltage of the load cell is

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(A) 4V Ans wer : (B )

(B) 5V

(C) 10V

(D) 16V

45. Water (density: 1000kg ) stored in a cylindrical dru m of diameter 1m is emptied through a horizontal pipe of diameter 0.05m. A pitot static tube is placed inside the pipe facing the flo w. At the time when the difference between the stagnation and static pressure measured by the pitot-static tube is 10kPa, the rate of reduction is water level in the dru m is, (A) (B) (C) (D) Ans wer : (D) 46. A U-tube manometer of tube diameter D is filled with a liquid of zero viscosity. If the volu me of the liquid filled is V, the natural frequency of oscillations in the liquid level about its mean position, due to small perturbations, is (A) Ans wer : (A) 47. The open loop transfer function of a unity gain negative feedback control system is given by G(s) = angle , at which the root locus approaches the zeros of the system, satisfies (A) = (C) = (B) = (D) = . The (B) (C) (D)

Ans wer : (D)

Common Data for Questions: 48 & 49 With 10V d.c. connected at port A in the linear nonreciprocal two -port network shown below, the following were observed: 1. loh m connected at port B draws a current of 3A 2. 2.5oh m connected at port B draws a current of 2A

48. With 10 V dc connected at port A, the current drawn by 7oh ms connected at port B is (A) 3/7 A (B) 5/7A (C) 1A Ans wer : (C)

(D) 9/7A

49. For the same network, with 6V dc connected at port A, 1ohms connected at port B draws 7/3 A. if 8V dc is connected to port A, the open circuit voltage at port B is (A) 6V (B) 7V (C) 8V (D) 9V Ans wer : (C) Common data for questions 50 and 51 : The deflection profile y(x) of a cantilever beam due to application of a point force F(in Newton), ads

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IN function of distance x fro m its base, is given by y(x) = 0.001 F

GATE 2012 m. The angular defo rmation at

the end of the cantilever is measured by reflecting a laser beam off a mirror M as shown in the figure.

50. The translation S of the spot of laser light on the photodetector when a force of F = 1 N is applied to the cantilever is (A) 1mm (B) 3mm (C) 6mm (D) 12mm Ans wer : (C) 51. If linear variable d ifferential transformers (LVDTs) are mounted at x = m and x = m on the cantilever to measure the effect of time varying forces, the ratio of their outputs is (A) 12/ 7 (C) 176/ 23 (B) 40/ 11 (D) 112/15 Ans wer : (B ) Exp : Output of LVDT is proportional to the displacement of the core. Therefore LVDT1/ LVDT2 = Disp 1 /Disp 2 Disp 1 (@x = 0.5m) = 5/ 24 ( Using the relation given in problem) . Disp 2 (@ =0.25m = 11/192. So Disp 1 Disp2 = 40 / 11 (Opt ion B) Linked Ans wer Questions : Statement for Li nked Answer Questions 52 and 53 : The transfer function of a co mpensator is given as Gs (s) =

52.

(s) is a lead co mpensator if (A) A = 1, b = 2 (B) A = 3, b = 2

(C) A = -3, b = -1 (D) A = 3, b = 1

Ans wer : (A) Exp : lead co mpensation

A is Zero B is Po le

Zero close origin Pole away fro m origin Fro m given options [Ans.] a = 1, b=2 53. The phase of the above lead compensator is maximu m at (A) rad/s (B) rad/s

(C) rad/s (D) 1/ rad/s

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IN Ans wer : (A) Exp : = =

GATE 2012

= -

For + = max

Statement for Li nked ans wer question 54 and 55: In the circuit shown, the three volt meter reading 220 V,

= 122 V,

= 136 V

54. The power factor of the load is (A) 0.45 (B) 0.50 Ans wer : (A) Exp : Pharor diagram = 220 = 122 V = 136V = +

(C) 0.55 (D) 0.60

I
By parallelogram law of addit ion of vectors = +2 cos by using options, cos = 0.45 55. If RL = 5 , the appro ximate power consumption in the load is (A) 700W (B) 750W Ans wer : (B ) Exp : = 5 = cos = 136 x 0.45 [Fro m = 61.2V = = 749 = 750

(C) 800W

(D) 850W

54]

General Aptitude (GA) Question (compulsory) 56 and 60 carry one mark each 56. Choose the most appropriate alternative fro m the option given below to co mplete the fo llo wing sentence : If the tired soldier wanted to lie down, he ___the mattress out on the balcony. (A) Should take (C) Should have taken (B) Shall take (D) Will have taken Ans wer : (C)

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IN 57. If (1.001 (A) 2.23 (B) 4.33 = 3.52 and (1.001 = 7.85, then (1.001)3321 = (C) 11.37 (D) 27.64

GATE 2012

Ans wer : (D) Exp : a ^ b X a ^ c = a ^ (b+c) 1.001 ^ 3321 = 1.001 ^ 1259 X 1.001 ^ 2062 = 3.52 X 7.85= 27.64 58. One of the parts (A, B, C, D) in the sentence given below contains an ERROR. Which one of the following is INCORRECT? I requested that he should be given the driving test today instead of tomorrow. (A) Requested that (C) The driving test (B) Should be given (D) Instead of tomorro w Ans wer : (B ) 59. Which one of the following options is the closest in meaning to the word given belo w? Latitude (A) Elig ivility (C) Coercion (B) Freedo m (D) Meticulousness Ans wer : (B ) 60. Choose the most appropriate word fro m the options given below to comp lete the following sentence: Given the seriousness of the situation that he had to face, his_ was impressive. (A) Beggary (C) Jealousy (B) No menclature (D) Nonchalance Ans wer : (D) 61 to 65 carry two marks each. 61. Raju has 14 currency notes in his pocket consisting of only Rs. 20 Notes Rs. 10 notes. The total money value of the notes is Rs. 230. The number of Rs. 10 Notes that Raju has is (A) 5 (C) 9 (B) 6 (D) 10 Ans wer : (A) Exp : Let the no. Of Rs.20 notes be X and the no. Of Rs.10 notes be Y. Now, 20X + 10Y = 230 X+Y=14 Solving these two simu ltaneous equations, we will get X=9 , Y=5 Hence the No of 10 rupees Notes one = 5 62. One of the legacies of the Ro man legions was discipline. In the legions, military law prevailed and discipline was brutal. Discip line on the battlefield kept units obedient, intact and fighting, even when the odds and conditions were against them. Which one of the following statements best sums up the meaning o f the above passage? (A) Thorough regimentation was the main reason for the efficiency of the Ro man legions even in adverse circu mstances. (B) The legions were treated inhumanly as if the men were an imals. (C) Discip line was the armies' inheritance fro m their seniors. (D) The harsh discipline to which the leg ions were subjected to led to the odds and conditions being against them. Ans wer : (A) 63. A and B are friends. They decide to meet between 1 PM and 2 PM on a given day. There is a condition that whoever arrives first will not wait for the other for more than 15 minutes. The probability that they will meet on that day is (A) 1/4 (C) 7/16 (B) 1/16 (D) 9/16

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Ans wer : (C) Exp :

OB is the line when both A and B arrive at same t ime. Total sample space = 60 x 60 = 3600 Favorable cases = Area of OA BC area of PQRS = 3600 2 x The required probability = 64. The data given in the follo wing table su mmarizes the monthly budget of an average household.

The approximate percentage of the monthly budget NOT spent on savings is (A) 10% (C) 81% (B) 14% (D) 86% Ans wer : (D) Exp : Total monthly budget = 10500 Savings = 1500 Not spend on savings= 10500-1500=9000 Approximate Percentage not spend on savings = 9000/10500 X 100 = 86% 65. There are eight bags of rice looking alike, seven of which have equal weight and one is slightly heavier. The weighing balance is of unlimited capacity. Using this balance, the min imu m nu mber of weighings required to identify the heavier bag is (A) 2 (C) 4 (B) 3 (D) 8 Ans wer : (A) Exp : weighing, you can identify the heavier bag. Let us categorize the bags in three groups as Ai A2A3 1st weighing A vs B Case -1 Case -2 A 1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2

Bi B2 B3

Ci C2

Case -1 Case -2 A1 A2 A3 = B1 B2 B3 A1 A2 A3 Bx B2 B3 Then either C1 or C2 is heavier Either A or B would be heavier(Say A >B) 2nd weighing Cx vs C2 If Ci > C2 , then Ci Aj vs A2 If A x = A2/ then A3

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If Ci < C2 , then C2 If Ax < A2 , then A2

If Ax > A2/ then Ai

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