HYDRODYNAMICS LAB NSTL ROY THOMAS 1012009021

DAY 1

Model prep Unconventional hull forms High Speed Towing Tank(HSTT) Tests in HSTT

Towing test of a PLANING CRAFT

Double-flap wave-maker

Open Water Test for Propeller DAY 2

PES using results of the towing test Towing Test of Displacement Vessel Wind Tunnel

 Cavitation Tunnel
DAY 1-19 Sep. 2011
1.

Model preparation Models are made using FRP (fibre reinforced plastic).First, a model of the exact dimensions is made out of hard foam with the help of a CNC machine. Then an FRP mould is made on top of the model which finally becomes the mould for the actual model. The final FRP model is laid inside the obtained mould.

2.

Unconventional hull forms

Models of naval vessels

a.

A trip wire at 5% of the length along with studs is placed near the fore end of the ship. This is provided to introduce turbulence in a flow which tends to be laminar.

b. The sonar dome is a bow mounted dome instead of a midship sonar dome as in conventional ships; this does the dual job of a bulbous bow as well as a sonar dome. Hydrofoils These hydrofoils impart a lift force on the ship as the ship moves through the water. This upthrust causes the ship to rise up and hence considerably reduces resistance as the wetted surface area is reduced. These hydrofoils can be placed in various formations based on the lift required. SECAT The SEACAT stands for SURFACE EFFECT CATAMARAN. The craft relies for its lift on the air cushion which is created between the hull and the water. Unlike a

hovercraft even if it does not hover above the water the cushion is very much present below the water due to the high speed air gushing through the keel of the hull via specially provided air channels.

3.

High Speed Towing Tank

The High Speed Towing Tank (HSTT) is the only one of its kind in India. Given below are the Specifications of the Tank: Dimension: 500m x 8m x 8m. Max. Towing Speed: 20m/s with an accuracy of 0.1%. Min. Towing Speed: 0.2 m/s. Max. Reverse Speed: 4 m/s Tests conducted in the HSTT.

4.

Resistance Test Self-Propulsion Test Open water Propeller Efficiency Test Wake Test Captive Sea keeping Test/ Motion Test (Response Amplitude Test) Flow Visualization Test / Paint Flow Test This test is done by applying a coat of carbon and linseed oil at particular stations throughout the length of the model. It helps us visualize the flow of water over the hull surface . Equipments: Towing Carriage Vertical Planner Motion Mechanism Large Amplitude Horizontal Planner Motion Mechanism 5. Dual Flap Wavemaker The tank also has a dual flap wavemaker which can generate waves of various amplitudes and can also create interference patterns. The dual flap is

to generate interference patterns and faster generation of waves. It is at the other end of towing tank and is used conducting seakeeping tests.

6.

Towing test of PLANNING CRAFT

Following were the observations made during the test:

a. b.

The water was kept calm and undisturbed. When the model was run at corresponding design speed, the aft end of the model (transom) was dry by which we can assume it to be perfectly planning. The fore end of the model eventually came out of the water a particular speed.

c.

7. Open Water Test of a Propeller A propeller is run at various rpm & torque and corresponding thrust developed by the propeller are noted.

DAY 2-20 Sep. 2011

1. Towing Test Of a Displacement Vessel, Results & Calculation Ship Particulars: Res ult LBP LWL Breadth 138 138.7 7 16.10 8 m 1 m 2 m 3 Resist Veloc ance Heave ity (N) (mm) 1.00 4 6.653 1.745 1.20 8 9.894 2.47 1.40 13.80 9 9 3.065 Trim( deg) 0.022 0.012 0.019

T(aft) T(fore) Displacement Wetted Surface Area Projected Area abov WL Cb Temp of tank Density of Tank water kinematic Vicosity () Temp in sea Density of sea water kinematic Vicosity () in sea Roughness Allowance*1000 Air Resistance allowance *1000 Cf(1+k)

5.15 5.15 6242. 2 2486. 8 250 0.497

m 4 m 5 cu.m 6 sq.m 7 sq.m 8 9 1.81 2.01 2 2.21 5 2.41 6 2.61 4 2.86 8 3.01 8 3.12 7 1.61

18.57 1 24.44 9 32.05 9 42.03 49.38 5 59.56 8 82.78 3 99.37 6 112.6 54

4.438 5.396 6.501 8.719 8.64 12.65 15.31 7 16.93 1 16.77 3

0.034 0.073 0.106 0.001 0.078 0.011 0.295 0.476 0.633

29 995.9 0.819 3 30 1021. 7 0.849 3 0.438 0.101 1.09

deg 10 kg/cu.m 11 sq.m/se c deg kg/cu.m sq.m/se c 12

CALCULATIONS VS Fn

SCALE RATIO, 1000*CtM 3.6413546 3.7406831 3.8375418 3.9527233 4.1173409 4.36925 4.7263383 4.6678198 4.8096639 5.5525918 6.0194377

26.135 1000*CfM 3.239441 3.133922 3.050003 2.979989 2.920482 2.868232 2.821968 2.781118 2.744837 2.703025 2.680445 1000*Cr 1000*CfS 0.40191 4 0.60676 1 0.78753 9 0.972734 1.196859 1.50101 8 1.90437 1.88670 1 2.06482 7 2.84956 7 3.338993 1.706594 1.667657 1.636264 1.609777 1.587046 1.566918 1.548962 1.533 1.518738 1.5022 1.493224 1000*CtS 2.108508 2.274417 2.423803 2.582511 2.783905 3.067936 3.453332 3.419701 3.583565 4.351767 4.832216 RtS(kN) PES (kW) 70.56664 362.1966 110.1947 159.763 680.517 1150.796

5.132689 0.139498943 6.17558 6 7.20314 6 8.23070 7 9.253155 0.16784335 0.19577092 8 0.22369850 5 0.25148713 9 0.279553659

222.2546 1829.312 302.8087 2801.935 412.3434 4241.293 562.5259 6369.825 662.7333 8185.533 812.9862 10864.26 1188.449 17424.93 1461.307 22546.13

10.2858 3 11.32361 0.307759123 12.35117 13.3634 14.6619 15.4287 4 0.3356867

0.363197448 0.39848901 4 0.419330489

15.9859 8

0.434475295

6.3562904

2.664897

3.691394

1.487024

5.178417

1681.162 26875.01

2. Towing Test of a Displacement Vessel A displacement vessel is run in the towing tank. The following observations are made Kelvin wave pattern is observed. Two sets of diverging waves are observed due to the presence of sonar dome Transverse waves are not remarkable as shoulders are not prominent. There is a climb at the bow due to the speed and angle of the bow.

3. WIND TUNNEL A wind tunnel to study the aerodynamic characteristics of surface and submerged platforms and underwater weapons has been set up with a test section of 1.5 x 1.5 x 4 m. A maximum speed of 55 m/sec can be produced with a 125 kW fan in this wind tunnel. This is an open circuit type tunnel with a blockage of 10% and velocity less than 0.3 Mach. The detailed features are given below. Test Section size Plenum Chamber Contraction Nozzle Diffuser Fan Size Drive Motor Maximum Speed at Test Section 1.5 x 1.5 x 4.0 m long 4.3 x 4.3 x 4.0 m long Varying from 4.3m x 4.3 m square to 1.5 x 1.5 m square Varying from 1.5 x 1.5 m square to 3.5 m dia; 7.8 m long 3.04 m dia made of CFRP 125 kW DC motor at 750 rpm 55 m/s

The Wind Tunnel is equipped with projection manometers, differential pressure transducers, velocity measuring probes, vertical catheto-meters, hot film anemometers, 48 port Scanivalve traversing gear as well as PC based data acquisition system and analysis software packages. Tests in Wind Tunnel

Flow visualization and boundary layer studies for underwater vehicles. Pressure and velocity distribution over axisymmetric bodies Estimation of forces and moments on control surfaces of a submerged body, etc. The flow visualization test is similar to the paint flow test done in the towing tank. The paint is replaced by woollen tufts or dot matrix paper coated with Methyl salicylate (GSM60 Paper) Modern techniques use laser Doppler /PIC method. 4. CAVITATION TUNNEL

This is used for study of cavitation inception of body profile and propellers. It is also used for the study of Acoustic measurements due to cavitation of propellers. This facility can provide a water flow speed of 15 m/sec and create cavitation numbers 0.03 to 10. In order to design highly efficient propellers for applications to naval ships and platforms it is essential to carry out tests on these propeller models in the cavitation tunnel. 1.0 x 1.0 x 6.0 m long with an acoustic through positioned below the test section housing 8 in no. B&K hydro-phone array (PULSE) for recording noise signals generated by the radiating hull and propeller in the test section Thyristor controlled 700 kW DC electric motor driving 2.1 m dia fixed pitch 7 bladed axial flow impeller with 9 stator blades. 15 m/s 10-300 kPa (absolute) 0.03 + 10/v2, where v is the flow velocity in test section. 90 dB ref 1mPa in 1-100 kHz band, 1/3 Octave scale.

Test Section size,

Drive System Maximum Velocity in Test Section Pressure Range Minimum Cavitation Back ground noise

The tunnel is equipped with an Automatic Control System (ACS) for its operation and control; Data Acquisition & Analysis System (DAAS) for conduct of tests, acquisition of test data, analysis and prediction of results. It is also provided with a stand-alone Acoustic Measurement System (AMS) for acoustic measurements, analysis and extrapolation to full scale results. Various types of towing and propulsion dynamometers, component balances, wake rake, hydro-phones pressure transducers, photographic and video recording systems and stroboscopes are also available to conduct model tests. The tunnel is constructed vertically in-order to avoid noise interference between the impeller and the propeller and also to drain water from the test section with ease. Honeycombs and aerofoils are provided throughout the tunnel to make the flow uniform.

Tests in Cavitation Tunnel

Propeller tests in open water to measure performance characteristics. Cavitation number of a propeller in-order to assess it statically Measurement of forces and moments on surface ships and submerged bodies including their control surfaces. Cavitation tests. Inception and decay Flow visualisation. Wake survey. Measurement of hull pressure fluctuations induced by propeller and cavitation. Measurement of acoustic radiation and noise caused by propellers.