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Muscles Highly vascularised Muscle fibers elongated cells 3 types of vert. Muscle Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muslce
Smooth Muscle
Smooth muscle Spindle shaped Central nucleus Tubular organs Circular + longitudinal Digestive system autonomic nervous system Contracts slowly Fatigues slowly
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac muscle Found in heart Does not fatigue autonomic nervous system
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle Attached to bones Locomotion Striated Btn 0.01 to 0.1 mm multinucleated voluntary nervous system fatigues quickly
Tendons
Skeletal muscle attached to skeleton by tendons Cartilage Continuous w/ muscle Fuses with periosteum At least two muscle involved in moment Antagonistic muscles
Lever systems
Flexor decreases angle btn 2 skeletal elements Extensor increases angle btn 2 skeletal elements Adductor limbs away from body axis Abductor limbs towards body axis Rotator allows for rotation of part or all of limb
Skeletal Muscle
Muscle fibres (MF) cylindrical parallel MF surrounded by Collagen Tendons Muscle Fibres Sarcolemma Myofibrils Sarcomere Myofilaments Myosin Actin
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Muscle striation
Light and dark bands I band light A bands dark Arrangement of myofilaments
Myofilaments
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Arrangement of myofilaments
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Muscle contraction
Initiated by action potential from motor neurons
Neuromuscular junction Axons highly branched 100s muscle fibres Motor unit Muscle fibres Activated by 1 motor neuron Simultaneous contraction
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'all-or-nothing' response
Muscle fibre stimulated by impulse Contraction occurs if stimulus = or above threshold level Response is maximal After contraction Absolute refractory no contraction Relative refractory period
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Muscle contraction
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Myofilaments - Actin
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Muscle contraction
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