PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOSCIENCE, ENGINEERING & ADVANCED COMPUTING (ICNEAC-2011)

FUZZY-LOGIC BASED INFORMATION FUSION FOR IMAGE SEGMENTATION

NISCHALA SIMHADRI, RAM KUMAR# Shri Vishnu Engineering College For Women,Vishnupur,Bhimavaram, (A.P.), India # Department of Computer Science Engineering, Shri Vishnu Engineering College For Women,Vishnupur,Bhimavaram, (A.P.),India Email:nischala.simhadri@gmail.com &#jkcsvecw@gmail.com ABSTRACT
It is required to cluster the images for finding groups of data together in many fields such as Marketing, Biology, Libraries, Insurance, City-Planning. The project involves the implementation of Fuzzy based information fusion for image segmentation. Here we first perform image segmentation on different cues. The Fuzzy-c-means clustering algorithm is used for segmentation of each cue space. In any field, where finding a group of similar region in an image is the task then the clustering technique should be used for identifying the similar regions into single group. This will have different inputs, outputs and other parameters, which are dealt with in the coming section of the report. KEYWORDS: Image Segmentation, Fuzzy Clustering

I. INTRODUCTION The goal of image segmentation is to cluster pixels into salient image regions, i.e., regions corresponding to individual surfaces, objects, or natural parts of objects. Segmentation could be used for object recognition, occlusion boundary estimation within motion or stereo systems, image compression, image editing, or image database look-up. For intensity images (ie, those represented by point-wise intensity levels) four popular approaches are: threshold techniques, edge-based methods, region-based techniques, and connectivity-preserving relaxation methods. Threshold techniques, which make decisions based on local pixel information, are effective when the intensity levels of the objects fall squarely outside the range of levels in the background. Because spatial information is ignored, however, blurred region boundaries can create havoc.Edge-based methods center around contour detection: their weakness in connecting together broken contour lines make them, too, prone to failure in the presence of blurring. A region-based method usually proceeds as follows: the image is partitioned into connected regions by grouping neighboring pixels of similar intensity levels. Adjacent regions are then merged under some criterion involving perhaps homogeneity or sharpness of region boundaries. Overstringent criteria create fragmentation; lenient ones overlook blurred boundaries and over merge. Hybrid techniques using a mix of the methods above are also popular. A connectivitypreserving relaxation-based segmentation method, usually referred to as the active contour model, was proposed recently. The main idea is to start with some initial boundary shapes represented in the form of spline curves, and iteratively modify it by applying various shrink/expansion operations according to some energy function. Although the energy-minimizing model is not new, coupling it with the maintenance of an ``elastic'' 1

contour model gives it an interesting new twist. As usual with such methods, getting trapped into a local minimum is a risk against which one must guard; this is no easy task. .

II. FUZZY LOGIC

Fuzzy Logic was initiated in 1965 by Lotfi A. Zadeh, professor for computer science at the University of California in Berkeley. Basically, Fuzzy Logic (FL) is a multivalued logic that allows intermediate values to be defined between conventional evaluations like true/false, yes/no, high/low, etc. Notions like rather tall or very fast can be formulated mathematically and processed by computers, in order to apply a more human-like way of thinking in the programming of computers. Fuzzy systems are an alternative to traditional notions of set membership and logic that has its origins in ancient Greek philosophy. The precision of mathematics owes its success in large part to the efforts of Aristotle and the philosophers who preceded him. In their efforts to devise a concise theory of logic, and later mathematics, the so-called "Laws of Thought" were posited. One of these, the "Law of the Excluded Middle," states that every proposition must either be True or False. Even when Parminedes proposed the first version of this law there were strong and immediate objections: for example, Heraclitus proposed that things could be simultaneously true and not True. It was Plato who laid the foundation for what would become fuzzy logic, indicating that there was a third region (beyond True and False) where these opposites "tumbled about." Other, more modern philosophers echoed his sentiments, notably Hegel, Marx, and Engels. But it was Lukasiewicz who first proposed a systematic alternative to

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOSCIENCE, ENGINEERING & ADVANCED COMPUTING (ICNEAC-2011)

the bi-valued logic of Aristotle . Even in the present time some Greeks are still outstanding examples for fussiness and fuzziness. . System Design There are fundamentally two different approaches for software design. 1) Function Oriented Design. 2) Object Oriented Design. In our project we used function-oriented design Function Oriented Design: In this approach, a system is looked up on as something that performs a set of functions. Starting at this higher-level view of the system, each function is successively refined into more detailed function. The system state is centralized and shared among different functions. For representing various functions and calling sequence, we use the Data Flow Diagrams [DFD], which are also called as Bubble charts. DFD is a simple graphical notation that can be used to represent a system in terms of the input data to the system, various processing carried out on these data, and the output data generated by the system. A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and analyze movement of data through a system. These are the central tool and the basis from which the other components are developed. The transformation of data from input to output that is processed may be described logically and independently of physical components associated with the system. These are known as the logical data flow diagrams. The physical data flow diagrams show the actual implements and movement of data between people, departments and workstations. A full description of a system actually consists of a set of data flow diagrams. Using two familiar notations Yourdon, Gane and Sarson notation develops the data flow diagrams. Each component in a DFD is labeled with a descriptive name. Process is further identified with a number that will be used for identification purpose. The development of DFDs is done in several levels. Each process in lower level diagrams can be broken down into a more detailed DFD in the next level. The lop-level diagram is often called context diagram. It consists a single process bit, which plays vital role in studying the current system. The process in the context level diagram is exploded into other process at the first level DFD. The idea behind the explosion of a process into more process is that understanding at one level of detail is exploded into greater detail at the next level. This is done until further

explosion is necessary and an adequate amount of detail is described for analyst to understand the process.

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III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Query Image

The conception of this paper is implemented and different consequences are shown below

Extract the Pixels

Segment image based on each cue

Calculate the membership values of each cue.

Apply Fuzzy information fusion on the membership functions.

Apply merging of segment if over segmented.

Segmented Image

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IV. CONCLUSIONS & FUTURE SCOPE

In this approach, the segmentation of the images into meaningful regions is achieved by fusing the fuzzy clustering information extracted from color and texture cues. Initially a fuzzy clustering of each cue is preformed and corresponding membership functions are produced on the image corresponding space. The membership functions coming from different cues are fused using a fuzzy inference mechanism The complementary and the redundant information extracted from the different cues is exploited, in order to divide the image into meaningful regions without being over segmented. The aggregate membership functions, which derive from fusion,

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANOSCIENCE, ENGINEERING & ADVANCED COMPUTING (ICNEAC-2011)

represent objects, which bear the combination of the characteristics specified by the cues. The segmented image is produced after post-processing and defuzzification. Finally, a merging algorithm is proposed based on fuzzy rules, which are set by the user according to his intentions. In future we can go with any number of cues like static values and use many different clustering algorithm. Any information fusion method can be used. By having different combination of advanced clustering, cues and information fusion method we can have an good results of segmentation

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