SIMULINK POWER SYSTEM BLOCKSET

TRONG TH NGHIM TRUYN NG IN

KHI NG SIMULINK
khi ng Simulink trc ht cn khi ng MATLAB. Ca s chnh MATLAB c th hin hnh 1.1, tip theo ta nhp chut trn biu tng Simulink

, hoc vit lnh Simulink.

s i m u l i n k

1. Hnh 1.1: Ca s chnh ca MATLAB

CCH TO M HNH TRONG SIMULINK.

to m hnh m phng trong mi trng Simulink cn phi thc hin trnh t cc bc:

To mi m hnh
File/New/Model, hoc nhn

trn thanh cng c.

Hnh 1.2: Mn hnh son tho m hnh

To khi trong m hnh

t cc khi vo mn hnh son tho ca m hnh bng cc khi c sn trong th vin Simulink. lm c vic ny ta phi ch con tr vo khi cn chn, nhp chut tri v chn Add To hoc gi nguyn chut phi chuyn qua ca s m hnh.

Lu :

Hnh 1.3: M hnh c cha cc khi

xo khi cn phi chn khi v nhn Delete. thay i kch thc ca khi ta t con tr vo gc ca khi (con tr
c dng mi tn hai au) v thay i n tu mun. Thit lp thng s

thay i thng s ca khi, ta nhp hai ln, la chn Block Parameter v nhp OK.

2.4. Kt ni cc khi

Hnh 1.4: Khi hm truyn v thng s Sau khi a ht cc khi cn thit ln s ta cn phi kt ni chng li. Dng con tr ni ng ra ca khi ng vo ca khi tip theo. Nu kt ni ng th mi tn thay i mu.

Lu :

Hnh 1.5: M hnh m phng hon chnh

Mun xo ng kt ni : chn n v nhn Delete. Ghi nh m hnh File/Save As

CU TRC MN HNH SON THO M HNH

Mn hnh son tho m hnh c cha nhng thnh phn sau: Tn ca mn hnh Trnh n vi cc lnh File, Edit, View Phn to m hnh Trng thi ca m hnh Trnh n c ch

cc lnh son tho, hiu chnh iu khin qu trnh m phng, tnh ton v lm vic vi cc file

File Lm vic vi cc file ca th vin Edit Son tho hiu chnh View Hin th Help Tr gip Simulation t thng s m phng Format Thay i hnh dng ca khi v m hnh Tools Cng c thc hin m phng

Hnh 1.6: Thanh cng c trong m hnh

Thanh cng c ca s m hnh

bao gm: 1-New Model To m hnh mi 2- Open Model M m hnh c sn 3- Save Model Lu m hnh

4- Print Model In m hnh 5- Cut Ct xn 6- Copy Sao chp 7Paste Dn 8- Undo Khng thc thi lnh (thao tc) gn nht 9- Redo Phc hi Library Browser M th vin

Toggle Model Browse Viewer M trnh duyt m hnh Go to parent system Chuyn ln h thng cao hn (khi c
h con) 13-Debug Sa chng trnh Start/Pause/Continue Simulation Khi ng m phng m hnh/ tm dng/ tip tuc

 Stop Kt thc qu trnh m phng Normal/Accelerator Phng php tnh ton Bnh thng/Tng tc (Khi c ci t Simulink Performance Tool) NHNG THAO TC C BN KHI TO V CHNH SA M HNH . To ghi ch
Ghi ch, ch thch: dng con tr ch n ni cn thit, nhp kp chut tri, khi s xuat hin hnh ch nht v ta c th ghi ch vo .

4.2. La chn khi

Hnh 1.7: Ch thch cho s la chn khi, ng kt ni hay phn ghi ch ta phi dng chut nhp vo phn t cn la chn. Nu mun la chn nhm nhiu khi ta nhp tri chut v gi nguyn ri r chut khoanh vng nhm ri nh chut, hoc dng Edit/Select All la chn tt c phn t ca m hnh.

4.3

Hnh 1.8: La chn khi, nhm khi Sao chp v di chuyn cc phn t

Copy: Mun sao chp ta s dng lnh Edit/Copy hoc biu tng
c

trn thanh cng

Cut: Mun ct cc phn t trc ht ta phi la chn chng sau s dng lnh
Edit/Cut hoc biu tng trn thanh cng c.

di chuyn phn t no ta la chn n v gi chut phi chuyn ra v tr cn t. Paste: Mun

dn phn t ta dng lnh Edit/Paste hay biu tng

trn thanh cng c

Delete: Mun xo phn t trc ht phi la chn phn t cn xo sau thc

hin lnh Edit/Clear hay lnh Delete.

Kt ni cc khi

Trc ht ta t con tr ln ng ra ca khi con tr s c hnh ch thp, gi nguyn chut tri chuyn n n ng vo ca khi cn kt ni v th chut tri.

Hnh 1.9: Bt u kt ni

Hnh 1.10: Kt ni hon tt

To ng lin kt kiu vng : ta la chn lin kt bng con tr phi v di

chuyn n n khi t c hnh dng cn thit.

Hnh 1.11: To ng lin kt kiu vng

Thay i kch thc cc khi: a con tr vo gc ca khi cn thay i, con tr s c dng mi tn kp gi nguyn chut tri v ko.

Hnh 1.12: Thay i kch thc cc khi

nh dng cc khi
Dng Format trn thanh cng c vi nhng lnh sau:

Chnh sa tn ca khi: Font nh dng ch Text alignment cn v tr ca phn text Flip name di chuyn tn ca khi

 Show/Hide name hin th hay khng hin th tn ca khi Thay i mu ca cc khi: Foreground color la chn mu cho ng vin ca khi Back ground color la chn mu cho c khi (mu nn) Screen color la chn mu cho ca s m hnh Thay i v tr ca cc khi: Flip block quay ngc khi Rotate block quay khi mt gc 90 theo chiu kim ng h Show drop shadow hin th khi c bng m Show port labels hin th nhn hiu ca cng THIT LP CC THNG S M

PHNG thay i cc thng s m phng ta s dng Simulation/Parameters.

Hnh 1.13: Thng s m phng

Thanh cng c quy nh thng s m phng. Solver Phng php tnh Data Import/Export Xut nhp d liu Diagnostics chun on Advanced Phn m rng
Thit lp cc thng s tnh ton cho m hnh m phng

Simulation time Thi gian Start time- thi gian bt u m phng Stop time thi gian kt thc m phng Solver options phn la chn phng php tnh

Khi la chn nhng thng s ny cn phi bit phng php m hnh ho v phng php tnh ton Fixed-step c chn cho h thng ri rc. Variable-step cho h thng lin tc. Bc tnh c th

chn hoc thit lp t ng nu s dng ch auto.

Hnh 1.14: Thng s tnh ton vi ch Fixed-step

Khi chn Fixed-step cn phi chn ch tnh ton - Mode MultiTasking: ch x l nhiu h thng SingleTasking: ch x l mt h thng Auto : t ng Khi chn Variable-step phi quy nh cc thng
s sau:

Max step size Bc tnh ln nht Min step size - Bc tnh nh nht Initial step size bc tnh thi im ban u Relative tolerance sai s tng i Absolute tolerance sai s tuyt i Thit lp truy xut d liu :

Hnh 1.15: Truy xut d liu (Data Import/Export)

Load from Workspace: np d liu t Workspace (tng t b nh m) Initial State: trng thi u Save to Workspace lu d liu vo Workspace Save options : Lu cc ty chn
Diagnostics Chun on: La chn thng s chun on - Diagnostics- cho php thay i nhng thng bo khi m phng.

None b qua li m hnh Warning bo li v tip tc m phng Error bo li v dng m phng.

5.4

Hnh 1.16: Chun on (Diagnostics) Khi ng qu trnh m phng:

S dng Simulation/Start, hoc nhp Simulation/Pause tm dng.

S dng Simulation/Stop hoc nhp Simulation/Continue - tip tc.

trn thanh cng c trn thanh cng c

 bt u qu trnh m phng. dng qu trnh m phng 1.1.6. KT THC M PHNG Lu m hnh vo file, ng ca s m hnh v ca s chnh MATLAB.

CU TRC TH VIN SIMULINK

Hnh 1.17: Th vin Simulink

Th vin Simulink bao gm cc phn chnh nh sau: Continuous Khi tn hiu lin tc Discretes Khi tn hiu ri rc Functions & Tables Hm s v bng

 Math Khi cc cng c ton hc Nonlinear Khi phi tuyn Signals & Systems Khi tn hiu v h thng Sinks Khi hin th v lu tr Sources Khi ngun v cc b to tn hiu Subsystems Khi h con Sources Khi ngun v tn hiu
tc ng

Hnh 1.18: Th vin khi ngun sources

Khi hng s Constant.

Khi Constant to nn _oat hng s (khng ph thuc thi gian) thc hoc phc. Hng s c th l i lng v hng (scalar), vc-t hay ma trn, tu theo cch khai bo tham s Constant Value v Interpret vc-t parameters as 1-D c c chn hay khng. Nu c chn, ta c th khai bo tham s Constant Value l vc-t hng hay _oat vi kch c [ 1 x n ] hay [ n x 1 ] di dng ma trn. Nu khng c chn, cc vc-t hng hay _oat ch c s dng nh vc-t vi chiu di n, tc l tn hiu 1-D. Khi hm nc - Step.

Nh khi Step ta c th to nn cc tn hiu dng hm nc (bc thang), dng kch xung cho cc m hnh trong Simulink. Trong hp thoi Block Parameters ca khi Step ta c th khai bo gi tr u, gi tr cui v c thi im bt u ca tn hiu Step.

Khi to sng tn hiu - Signal generator : to ra cc dng sng tn hiu khc nhau
(nh l: hnh sin, rng ca), trong khi

Khi to tn hiu xung -Pulse Generator to chui xung hnh ch nht. Bin v tn s c th khai bo theo yu cu. i vi Pulse Generator cn c th chn rng xung (tnh bng % so vi chu k).

Khi hin th v lu tr d liu- Sink

Khi Scope.

Hnh 1.19: Th vin khi Sink Scope, Floating Scope, Signal Viewer Scope Chc nng: Hin th cc tn hiu pht ra trong sut thi gian m phng Library Sinks (cc khi xut) Description m t.

Khi Scope hin th chnh dng tn hiu nhp vo tng ng, theo thi gian m phng. Khi Scope c th c nhiu trc (trn mt cng); tt c c trc c chung mt bin (mc) thi gian v c lp vi trc y. Scope ny cho php bn iu chnh lng thi gian v bin ca gi tr nhp vo c hin th. Bn c th di chuyn v thay i kch thc ca ca s khi Scope v bn c th thay i dng gi tr thng s ca khi Scope trong sut thi gian m phng. Khi bn bt u m phng, Simulink khng m nhng ca s Scope, tuy nhin n lm cng vic l ghi d liu c kt ni ti khi Scope. Nh vy, nu bn m mt scope sau khi m phng, tn hiu nhp vo ca khi Scope hay cc tn hiu s c hin th.

Nu tn hiu ang tip tip tc v, khi Scope cho kt qu v th l tng im n im (v tng im). Nu tn hiu l ri rc (gin on), Scope s cho kt qu th hnh bc thang. Khi Scope cung cp nhng nt trn thanh cng c th cho php bn: phng to (zoom in) trn d liu c hin th, hin th tt c cc d liu vo khi Scope, lu gi s ci t cc trc t mt ln m phng cho ln k tip, gii hn d liu hin th, v lu d liu vo workspace. Nhng nt trn thanh cng c c ghi nhn trong hnh minh ho, ci m c biu din trn ca s Scope nh lc n xut hin khi bn m mt khi Scope.

Ch :Khng s dng khi Scope bn trong nhng khi th vin do chnh bn to ra. thay th, hy cung cp nhng khi th vin vi nhng cng ra scopes c th c kt ni hin th d liu bn trong. Displaying Multiple Signals on a Single Axis -Hin th nhiu tn hiu trn cng mt trc Khi Simulink Scope v Scope viewer khc nhau kh nng ca chung trong vic hin th nhng tn hiu a chiu (nhiu th nguyn) trn cng mt trc. Khi Scope ch c th hin th mt tn hiu trn trn trc. Nu tn hiu l mt dy (mng), khi Scope hin th mi thnh phn bng mt vch m mu ring bit nhn ra chng t nhng thnh phn khc. The Scope viewer c th hin th nhiu tn hiu trn cng mt trc. The Scope viewer hin th mi tn hiu vi m mu ring. The viewer gn mt mu cho mi vch theo th t sau: blue (mu lam), red(), magenta( thm), cyan (xanh da tri), yellow(mu vng), green(mu lc, xanh l cy). Nu mt tn hiu cha nhiu thnh phn, the viewer hin th mi thnh phn nh vch ring c mu c gn cho tn hiu. Trong trng hp ny, the viewer s dng kiu ng khc phn bit cc thnh phn. Displaying Signal Arrays- Hin th tn hiu chui Khi hin th mt tn hiu l mt vector hay ma trn trn cng mt trc, khi Scope gn cc mu v Scope viewer gn nhng kiu ng cho mi thnh phn tn hiu:

Signal Element Scope Block Scope Viewer

yellow

T he linked image cannot be display ed. T he file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. V erify that the link points to the correct file and location.

magenta

T he linked image cannot be display ed. T he file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. V erify that the link points to the correct file and location.

cyan

T he linked image cannot be display ed. T he file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. V erify that the link points to the correct file and location.

red

T he linked image cannot be display ed. T he file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. V erify that the link points to the correct file and location.

green

T he linked image cannot be display ed. T he file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. V erify that the link points to the correct file and location.

dark blue

T he linked image cannot be display ed. T he file may hav e been mov ed, renamed, or deleted. V erify that the link points to the correct file and location.

Nu tn hiu cha nhiu thnh phn hn kh nng ca nhng mu sc v nhng kiu ng, khi Scope v viewer s lp vng cho ring tng ci gm c mu v kiu ng. Y Axis Limits Bn ci gii hn trc y bng cch kch chut phi ln trc v chn Axes Properties. Hp thoi xut hin nh sau :

Y min Nhp gi tr nh nht cho trc y. Y max Nhp gi tr ln nht cho trc y. Title Nhp ta cho th. Bn c th gp c mt ci nhn tn hiu trong ci title bng cch nh %<SignalLabel> nh mt phn ca chui ta ( %<SignalLabel> th c thay th bi nhn tn hiu ).

Time Offset - lch thi gian. Hnh minh hoi ny biu din khi Scope ang hin th vic xut d liu ca m hnh vdp. s m phng c chy trong 40 giy. Ch rng scope ny hin th s m phng thi im kt thc 20 giy. The Time offset field hin th thi gian tng ng theo hng t 0 trn trc nm ngang. Do , bn phi b sung thm lch offset hiu chnh gi tr mc thi gian trn truc x c c thi gian thc.

Autoscaling the Scope Axes -T ng co gin cc trc khi Scope Hnh minh hoi ny biu din tn hiu u ra nh nhau khi bn kch vo nt Autoscale trn thanh cng c, ci m t ng nh t l c hai trc hin th tt c d liu m phng lu tr. Trong trng hp ny , trc y th khng nh t l v n thit lp nhng gii hn tng thch ri.

Nu bn kch vo nt Autoscale trong khi s m phng ang chy, cc trc th c t ng nh t l da trn d liu hin th trn mn hnh hin ti v t ng co gin

nhng gii hn th c lu nh nhng kiu mc nh. iu ny cho php bn s dng nhng gii hn nh nhau cho ln m phng khc. Note Simulink khng lm vng m d liu cho vic n hin th trn mt ci scope ng (floating Scope). Thnh ra, n c th inh c nhng ni dung ca ch mt floating Scope khi d liu ang c hin th,i.e.,khi mt s m phng ang chy. Khi mt s m phng khng ang chy, Simulink tt (nhng mu xm) ci nt Zoom trn thanh cng c (toolbar) ca mt floating Scope chng minh rng n khng th nh c ni dung ca n. Z o o m i n g Bn c th zoom in (phng to) trn d liu trn c trc x v y cng mt thi im, hoc thm ch l nhng hng ring bit . c trng ca Zoom l khng hot ng trong khi s m phng ang chy. phng to trn d liu c hai trc cng thi im, hy chc chn bn chn nt Zoom cc tri trn thanh cng c, sau xc nh vng phng to s dng hp gii hn. Khi bn nh nt chut, Scope hin th d liu vng . Bn cng c th kch vo mt im trong ci vng m bn mun phng to ln. Nu Scope c nhiu trc y, v bn phng to trn mt b ca trc x-y, gii hn trc x trn tt c cc b ca trc x-y b thay i m kt ni vi nhau, bi v hai trc x-y chia s chung(dng chung) c s thi gian (trc x). Hnh ny biu din mt vng ca vic hin th d liu c bc kn trong khong mt hp gii hn.

Hnh ny biu din vng c phng to, ci m xut hin sau khi bn nh nt ca chut.

 phng to d liu ch theo hng x, click vo nt Zoom gia trn thanh cng c. xc nh vng cn phng to bng cch con tr chut mt ch cui ca vng, nhn xung v gi cht nt chut, sau di con tr n cui vng khc. Hnh ny Scope sau khi bn xc nh vng phng to, nhng trc khi bn th(nh) ci nt nhn ca con chut.

Khi ban th nt nhn chut, Scope hin th vng c phng i. Bn cng c th click mt im trn ci vng m bn mun phng to ln. Vic phng to trn trc y cch lm cng ltng t, ch khc l bn click nt Zoom bn cc phi trn thanh cng c trc khi xc nh vng phng to. Nhc li, bn cng c th click mt im trn vng m bn phng to ln. Note: Simulink khng lm vng m d liu cho vic n hin th trn mt ci floating Scope. Thnh ra, n c th inh c nhng ni dung ca ch mt floating Scope. chng minh, Simulink tt (nhng mu xm) ci nt Zoom trn thanh cng c ca mt floating Scope Saving the Axes Settings (Lu li s ci t cc trc) Nt Save axes settings trn thanh cng c cho php bn lu nhng ci t cho trc x v y hin hnh v th bn c th s dng chng chng cho ln m phng k tip. Nu bn chn nt Save axes settings trn thanh cng c ca khi hin th Scope

khi ch r gii hn trc y hin hnh ca n nh l gi tr ca thng s Ymin v Y max (xem Y Axis Limits). Tng t, khi ch r gii hn trc x hin hnh nh l gi tr ca thng s Time range (xem General Parameters Pane). Scope Parameters (Cc thng s Scope) Hp thoi Scope Parameters cho php bn thay i nhng gii hn ca trc, ci t s trc, time range, tick labels, sampling parameters, v lu nhng la chn. hin th hp thoi, chn nt Parameters trn thanh cng c ca khi hin th Scope

hoc bng cch double-clicking trn hin th ca khi Scope viewer. S xut hin ca hp thoi ph thuc vo scope l mt khi Scope hay mt Scope viewer c to bi tn hiu v Scope Manager. Nu the scope l mt khi Scope, hp thoi ny xut hin.

Hp thoi c 2 ci ca s (hai ci th): General v Data history. Xem ch tip theo c thng tin v vung thng s General. Xem Data History Parameters Pane c thng tin v vung thng s Data history. Nu the scope l mt Scope viewer, hp thoi ny xut hin.

Hp thoi ny c ba ci pane: General, History,v Performance. Xem ch tip theo c thng tin v thng s General. Xem History pane c thng tin v thng s History. Xem Performance Parameters Pane v thng tin ca thng s Performance. General Parameters Pane ( thng s chung) Bn c th ci thng s ca trc, time range, v tick labels trong General. Number of axes (s trc) t s trc y trong trng d liu ny. Vi vic loi tr floating scope ra th th khng c gii hn s trc y m khi Scope c th cha c. Tt c cc trc chia s chung c s thi gian (trc x), nhng c cc trc y c lp vi nhau. Ch rng s trc l tng ca s cng tn hiu vo. Ti me ran ge (bin thi gian)

Thay i gii hn trc x bng cch nhp mt s hay auto trong trng Time range. Nhp tip con s th hai bi v mi mn hnh hin th lng d liu th tng ng vi con s th hai . Nhp auto t trc x trong khong thi gian ca s m phng. Khng nhp nhng tn thay i trong nhng trng ny

Tick labels (nh du cc nhn) Ghi r nh du nhn ca cc trc. The option l: All : Nhn nh du bn ngoi trn tt c cc trc

inside : Ni nh du cc nhn bn trong tt c cc trc (ch cho php trn scope viewer) bottom-axis : Ni nh du cc nhn bn ngoi phn cui cng (hay ch) cc only none : trc Khng n du nhn (ch cho php trn cc khi Scope)

Note: Ci chn la th ba ch xut hin dnh cho hp thoi ca mt Scope viewer. S c r o l l Khi ci option ny c chn, the scope lin tc cun nhng tn hiu hin th v bn tri gi chng trong tm quan st nh l lp ci mn hnh bt c mt thi im no. Khi ci option ny khng c chn, the scope v mt trang mn hnh d liu t tri qua phi cho n khi ci mn hnh y, ty ci mn hnh v v trang mn hnh tip theo ca d liu, v vn vn, cho n khi kt thc thi gian m phng. Ch rng hiu ng ca ci option ny th ch c th nhn thy r khi vic v l chm, v d, khi m hnh l rt ln hay c nhiu kch thc bc rt nh. Data Mark ers (nhng du mc tn hiu) Hin th mt du mc ti mi im tn hiu trn mn hnh scope viewer.

Le ge nd s (ch th ch ) Hin th mt ch thch (ch gii) trn scope ch ra rng kiu ng s dng hin th mi tn hiu.

Floating scope -Scope ng. Ci option ny ch xut hin trn thng s General ca khi Scope S chn ci option ny s bin i khi Scope v dng mt khi floating scope. Mt floating scope l mt khi Scope m c th hin th tn hiu c mang theo (truyn tn hiu) trn mt hay nhiu ng. bn c th to mt khi Floating Scope trong mi (mt) m hnh bng cch sao chp mt khi Scope t th vin Sinks ca Simulink vo trong mt m hnh hoc, n gin hn, bng cch chp khi Floating Scope t th vin Sinks vo trong ca s m hnh. Khi Floating Scope c cc thng s c la chn bi tu nh. s dng mt floating scope trong trong lc m phng, u tin m khi scope. hin th tn hiu mang trn mt ng, chn the line. n gi phm Shift trong khi o clicking ng tn hiu khc la chn nhiu ng. N c th cn thit click vo nt Autoscale data trn thanh cng c ca floating scope tm tn hiu v iu chnh s chiu ti gi tr tn hiu vo. Hoc bn c th s dng b chn tn hiu ca floating scope (xem The Signal Selector trong ti liu Simulink trc tuyn) chn nhng tn hiu cho hin th. hin th mt b chn tn hiu ca floating scope, u tin bt u m phng ci m hnh ca bn floating scope ang m. Sau right-click chut ca bn vo floating scope v chn Signal Selection xut hin t ci menu bc ln(pop-up menu). Bn c th c nhiu hn mt floating scope trong mt m hnh, nhng ch c mt tp hp cc trc trong mt scope c th hot ng mt thi gian cho. Floating scope hot ng biu din nhng trc hot ng bng cch lm cho chng c mu xanh. Vic chn hay loi b cc ng ch lm nh hng n hot ng floating scope . Cc floating scope khc tip tc hin th cc tn hiu m bn chn khi chng ang hot ng. Ni cch khc, nhng khi floating scope khng hot ng th b kho, bi v tn hiu ca chng hin th khng th thay i c. nh r hin th ca mt tn hiu trn mt trc ca cc trc ca mt floating scope a trc, click axis. Simulink v mt ng bao mu xanh xung quanh trc .

Sau click ci tn hiu bn mun hin th trong biu khi hay b chn tn hiu. Khi bn chy m hnh, tn hiu c la chn xut hin trong mt trc c chn.

Nu bn c nh s dng mt floating scope trong khong thi gian m phng, bn nn chc nng s dng li tn hiu lu tr. Xem Signal storage reuse trong Optimization Pane c thm thng tin. S a m p li n g xc nh r mt h s thp phn, nhp mt con s trong trng d liu pha bn tay phi ca Decimation c chn. hin th d liu mt khong ly mu, chn ci chn la Sample time v nhp mt con s trong trng d liu. Data History Parameters Pane thng s Data History ch xut hin trn hp thoi Parameters vi khi Scope. Ci vung xut hin nh sau:

Ci vung ny cho php bn iu khin lng d liu m Scope lu tr v hin th. Bn cng c th chn lu d liu vo workspace trong ci vung ny. Bn gn (nh) vo nhng thng s hin hnh v cc option bng cch nhp vo nt Apply hay OK. Nhng gi trm xut hin trong nhng trng ny l gi tr m c s dng trong ln m phng k tip. Limit data points to last Bn c th gii hn s im d liu lu tr vo workspace bng cch chn hp chn (check box) v nhp mt gi tr trong trng d liu ca n. Khi Scope da vo d liu history (nhng bn ghi) ca n cho s hot ng zooming v autoscaling ( s phng to thu nh v

t ng co gin). Neeus s im d liu b gii hn ti 1,000 v s m phng pht ra 2,000 im d liu, th ch 1,000 im cui cng l c kh nng cho vic ti hin th. Save data workspace to

Bn c th t ng lu d liu thu thp c bi khi Scope cui mt cuc m phng bng cch chn ci hp chn Save data to workspace. Nu bn chn ci option ny, trng Variable name v Format tr nn hot ng. Variab le name Nhp mt tn bin trong trng Variable name. Tn danh nh phi l duy nht gia tt c bin d liu (m ta) ghi vo ang c s dng trong m hnh. Nhng bin d liu ghi vo khc c xc

nh bi khi Scope khc, nhng khi To Workspace, v s phn hi ca cc bin m phng nh l time(thi gian), states (trng thi), and outputs(cc u ra). Tn ti kh nng lu d liu khi Scope vo workspace c ngha l tht khng cn thit gi dng d liu nh nhau ti c khi Scope v khi To Workspace. F o r m a t D liu c th c lu mt trong ba nh dng sau: Array, Structure,hay Structure with time. Ch s dng Array cho mt Scope vi mt s ci t ca cc trc. V phn khi Scope vi hn mt s ci t cho cc trc, s dng Structure nu bn khng mun lu d liu thi gian v s dng Structure with time nu bn mun lu d liu thi gian. Performance Parameters Pane Ci vung thng s Performance ch xut hin trn hp thoi Parameters i vi Scope viewer. Ci xut hin nh sau:

Ci ny cho php bn iu khin Simulink thng xuyn refresh (lm ti) ci Scope viewer bao nhiu ln. Gim mc refresh c th tng tc m phng trong mt vi trng hp. Ci cha nhng iu khin nh sau. Refres h Period Ci list ny iu khin cho php bn chn nhng n v trong thi gian refresh c biu din (biu th). Options l mi giy hoc nhng cu trc y mt cu trc l b rng ca mn hnh scope th hai, i.e., n bng gi tr ca thng s Time range ca scope. Refres h Slider Ko nt trt v bn phi lm tng thi gian refresh v do lm gim tc refresh. Freez e Butto n Click ci nt ng bng (stop refreshing) hoc g b ng bng khi Scope viewer. Hist ory Pane thng s History ch xut hin trn hp thoi Parameters i vi khi Scope viewer.

Limit data points to last Bn c th gii hn s im d liu lu tr vo workspace bng cch chn hp chn (check box) v nhp mt gi tr trong trng d liu ca n. Khi Scope da vo d liu history (nhng bn ghi) ca n cho s hot ng zooming v autoscaling ( s phng to thu nh v t ng co gin). Neeus s im d liu b gii hn ti 1,000 v s m phng pht ra 2,000 im d liu, th ch 1,000 im cui cng l c kh nng cho vic ti hin th. Save to model logging object signal

Check (nh du) ci option ny lu d liu hin th trn khi scope viewer cui s m phng. Simulink lu d liu trong i tng Simulink.ModelDataLogs thng ghi d liu cho m hnh (xem Logging Signals c thm thng tin). ci option ny c hiu lc, bn cng phi cho php tn hiu ghi cho m hnh nh mt tng, i.e., bn phi check Signal logging option trn vung Import/Export ca hp thoi Configuration Parameters ca m hnh. Loggin g Name nh r tn bn di lu d liu ca khi viewer trong i tng Simulink.ModelDataLogs ca m hnh. Ci tn phi khc t vic nh r tn ghi bi nhng tn hiu viewer khc hay cho nhng tn hiu khc, cc h thng con, hay cc m hnh chun ghi vo i tng Simulink.ModelDataLogs ca m hnh. Printing the Contents of a Scope Window

 in nhng ni dung ca mt ca s Scope, m hp thoi Print bng cch click ln ci biu tng in, biu tng pha cc tri trn thanh cng c khi Scope.

Creating an Editable Figure from a Scope Block to ci hnh trng ging vi ca s Scope nhng c ghi th ch thch vic s dng Plot Editing Tools, s dng lnh simplot. Ch nhng khi Scope m lu d liu workspace ca MATLAB t Data history mi tng thch vi lnh ny. V d, trn Data history i vi khi Scope trong

vdp.mdl, check the Save data to workspace option v chn Structure with time t Format list. Sau khi chy m phng,mt hnh c th c to thnh vi lnh simplot (ScopeData) Data Type Support Khi Scope chp nhn nhng tn hiu thc ca bt k kiu d liu no h tr bi Simulink, bao gm nhng kiu d liu fixed-point (du chm tnh). Khi chp nhn cc vector ng nht. V phn tho lun v nhng kiu d liu c h tr bi Simulink, xem Data Types Supported by Simulink trong ti liu Simulink. Characteristics Sample Time States Inherited from driving block or can be set 0

Multidimensionalized Yes

Nh khi Scope, ta c th hin th cc tn hiu ca qu trnh m phng. Nu m ca s c sn trc khi bt u m phng, ta c th theo di trc tip din bin theo thi gian ca tn hiu. ngha ca cc nt trn ca s c minh ho nh H.1.20.

I n (print) Nut properties (cac at tnh) Zoom theo h ng x

va y Zoom theo h ng x

Zoom theo h ng T on g dan o th Cat tham so at cua truc y

Hnh 1.20: Ca s Scope sau khi m

Khi Display: cho php hin th s cc dng format khc nhau: short, long short_e , long_e , bank, hex, binary, decimal (Stored Integer), octal (Stored Integer)

Hnh 1.21: Khi Display sau khi m

Khi s l tn hiu Signal Routing

Hnh 1.22: Th vin cc khi thng s l tn hiu

Khi hp tn hiu - Mux .

Khi Mux c tc dng ging nh mt b dn knh (multiplexer), c tc dng chp cc tn hiu 1-D ring l thnh mt tn hiu mi. Ti tham s Number of inputs ta c th khai bo tn, s lng tn hiu ng vo.

Khi phn tn hiu- Demux

Khi Demux (phn knh) c tc dng ngc vi Mux: Tch tn hiu c chp thnh nhiu tn hiu ring r tr li.

Khi chuyn mch -Switch

Khi Switch c tc dng chuyn mch, a tn hiu t ng vo 1 hoc 3 ti ng ra. Tn hiu iu khin chuyn mch c a ti ng vo 2 ( ng vo gia). Ngng gi tr iu khin chuyn mch c khai bo bng tham s Threshold. Khi tn hiu iu khin Threshold, ng ra c ni vi ng vo 1. Khi tn hiu iu khin Threshold, ng ra c ni vi ng vo 3.

Khi cc php ton Math Operations

Hnh 1.22 Khi cc php tnh

Khi tng - Sum.

Ng ra ca Sum l tng ca cc tn hiu ng vo. Nu ng vo c dng tn hiu hn hp, Sum tnh tng tng phn t. Nu ng vo dng vc-t, khi y cc phn t ca vc-t s c cng theo v hng (scalar). Ti List of signs ta c th khai bo cc tnh v s lng ng vo bng cch vit chui du + v -.

Khi khuch i Gain:

Khuch i ng vo bng hng s. Ng vo hay h s khuch i c th l hng s, c th l vector, ma trn hay v hng

Khi tn hiu lin tc-Continuous

Hnh 1.23: Th vin khi tn hiu lin tc Continuous

Khi tn hiu gin on-Discontinuities

Hit Crossing.

Hnh 1.24: Th vin khi tn hiu gin on Discontinuities

Khi Hit Crossing c tc dng pht hin tn hiu ng vo i qua gi tr khai bo ti Hit Crossing offset theo hng khai bo ti Hit Crossing direction. Nu ta chn Show output port, ti thi im Crossing ng ra s nhn gi tr 1, cn li l 0. Mt v d ng dng khi ny l pht hin thi im ct 0 ca tn hiu. Relay (R le)

Tu theo tn hiu ng vo (tn hiu iu khin), khi Relay c tc dng chuyn trng thi tn hiu ng ra gia hai gi tr Output When On v Output When Off. Relay s ng mch (trng thi on), nu tn hiu vo u Switch-on point, v tn hiu ng ra s l y= Output When On. Relay s lt trng thi, nu tn hiu vo u Switch-Off Point, v tn hiu ng ra s l y = Output When Off.Gi tr Switch-On Point lun phi c chn ln hn hoc bng gi tr Switch-Off Point. Khi Switch- on point > Switch-off point, khi Relay m phng ng c tnh Hysteresis (Mch tr). Khi Switch-on point = Switch-off point, khi Relay m phng cng tc chuyn mch.

Khi ri rc-Discrete

Hnh 1.25: Th vin khi ri rc Discrete

TH VIN SIMPOWER SYSTEM BLOCKSETS GII THIU V SIMPOWER SYSTEM

BLOCKSETS Simpowersystem l mt trong nhng th vin c bit nhm m phng thit b c th. Simpowersystem bao gm cc khi dng m phng thit b k thut in nh m hnh cc ngun in, ng c, my bin p, ng dy truyn ti, v c phn ring m phng thit b in t cng sut v h thng iu khin chng. S dng cc kh nng ng dng ca Simulink v Simpowersystem ta c th m phng khng ch qu trnh lm vic ca thit b m cn phn tch cc dng khc nhau ca thit b . Ngoi ra ta cn c th tnh ton ch n nh ca h thng xoay chiu, tnh in tr ca tng on mch, quan st dng sng, xc nh c tnh tn s, phn tch n nh ca dng in v in p. Mch ng lc ca b bin i cng sut c m phng bng cc khi trong Simpowersystem cn mch iu khin th c th s dng cc khi ca Simulink. iu gip cho s n gin i rt nhiu. Hn na, c th kt hp s dng cc th vin ca MATLAB to iu kin thun li trong viec m phng h thng in. Hin nay Simpowersystem c coi l mt trong cc th vin tt nht m phng thit b v h thng in. CU TRC TH VIN V NHNG C IM C BN

Th vin Simpowersystem
bao gm:

 Extras Library - Th vin m rng Aplication Libraries Th vin ng dng Electrical Sources Cc ngun in Machines My in Elements Cc thit b in Measurements Thit b o lng Power Electronics Cc linh kin in t cng sut Powergui Ch phn tch

Hnh 1.26: Th vin Simpowersystem

Th vin m rng -Extras Library: bao gm cc khi o lng tng t, o lng ri rc, khi iu khin tng t, khi iu khin ri rc, khi phn tch theo pha.

Hnh 1.27: Th vin m rng

Th vin cc khi ng dng: Bao gm cc th vin cc h truyn ng phc tp, h thng truyn ti, h thng nng lng gi.

Hnh 1.28: Th vin cc khi ng dng

Khi ngun in -Electrical Source

Hnh 1.29: Khi ngun in Electrical Source

7.2.3.1 DC Voltage Source - Ngun in p mt chiu l tng DC Voltage Source Ngun in p mt chiu l tng

K hiu

Chc nng: to ngun in p mt chiu l tng vi in p khng i vi in tr trong bng 0

Hp thoi v thng s

Amplitude : in p ngun DC (V) Measurements: Chn Voltage o in p ngun DC. hin th in p cn o

ta c th s dng khi Multimeter kt hp vi khi Scope, trong mc Available Measurements la chn i lng in p cn o. Thng s la chn None khng o lng Voltage o in p ng ra. V d: Trn m hnh DC_voltage_source.mdl biu din kt ni ngun in mt chiu vi ti RC.

Trn hnh 1.3 biu din kt ni ngun in mt chiu l tng in p 100V vi ti RC (R=10; C=50F). Mch c kt ni nh khi Breaker. Khi Breaker ng mch ti thi im t=0.002.

hin th in p trn khi Scope.

i ta s dng khi o lng in p Voltage Measurement VC kt hp vi

AC Voltage Source - Ngun in xoay chiu l tng AC Voltage Source K hiu Ngun in xoay chiu l tng

Chc nng: to ngun in p xoay chiu l tng theo phng trnh sau

Cho php nhp in p c gi tr m. Trng hp tn bng 0 th ngun AC tr

thnh ngun DC. Tn s khng th nhp gi tr m, trong trng hp ny chng trnh s bo li. Hp thoi v thng s

Peak amplitude Bin in p ca ngun (V).

Phase

Pha (). Frequency Tn s in p ngun AC (Hz). Sample time Thi gian ly mu (s) khi ngun ri rc. Mc nh thi gian ly mu bng 0 ngha l ch ngun lin tc. Measurements

Chn Voltage o in p ngun AC. hin th in p cn o ta c th s dng khi Multimeter kt hp vi khi Scope, trong mc Available Measurements la chn i lng in p cn o. Thng s la chn None khng o lng Voltage o in p ng ra. V d: Trn m hnh AC_voltage_source.mdl biu din kt ni ngun in xoay chiu vi ti RL.

Trn hnh 1.3 biu din kt ni ngun in p xoay chiu mt pha l tng c bin in p 100V tn s 50Hz vi ti RL (R=10; L=0.1H). . hin th in p trn ti ta s dng khi o lng in p Voltage Measurement VC kt hp vi khi Scope. AC Current Source - Ngun dng xoay chiu l tng AC Current Source Ngun dng xoay chiu l tng

K hiu

Chc nng: to ngun dng in xoay chiu l tng theo phng trnh sau

Cho php nhp dng in c gi tr m. Trng hp tn bng 0 th ngun dng AC

tr thnh ngun DC. Tn s khng th nhp gi tr m, trong trng hp ny chng trnh s bo li. Hp thoi v thng s

Peak amplitude Bin dng in ca ngun (A). Phase

Pha (). Frequency Tn s dng in ngun AC (Hz). Sample time Thi gian ly mu (s) khi ngun ri rc. Mc nh thi gian ly mu bng 0 ngha l ch ngun lin tc. Measurements Chn Current o dng in ngun AC. hin th dng in cn o ta c th s dng khi Multimeter kt hp vi khi Scope, trong mc Available Measurements la chn i lng dng in cn o. Thng s la chn None khng o lng Current o dong dien ng ra. V d: Trn m hnh AC_current_source.mdl kt ni ngun hai dng in xoay chiu vi ti R.

Trn hnh 1.3 biu din kt ni hai ngun dng in xoay chiu mt pha l tng c bin nh nhau (3A), nhng c tn s khc nhau. in p 100V tn s 50Hz

vi ti RL (R=10; L=0.1H). . hin th in p trn ti ta s dng khi o lng in p Voltage Measurement VC kt hp vi khi Scope. Controlled Voltage Source - Ngun p iu khin Controlled Voltage Source K hiu Ngun p iu khin

Chc nng: to ngun dng in iu khin c nh tn hiu Simulink Khi Controlled Voltage Source c th to in p l AC hoc DC. Nu mun
khi ng m hnh, u vo phi ni vi tn hiu khi ng Sin hay DC tng ng vi gi tr ban u. Hp thoi v thng s

Initialize

[Khi to]: nu la chn Initialize th khi Controlled Voltage Source s khi to vi cc gi tr ca khi to ca in p, tr pha v tn s Source type [Dng ngun]: xut hin dng ca ngun ta phi la chn Initialize. Chn AC th ta c ngun p AC, Chn DC th ta c ngun p DC. AC ngun p xoay chiu. DC ngun p mt chiu.

Initial voltage [p khi to]: bin in p ngun (A) Initial phase

[Tr pha khi to]: Thng s pha ban u ch xut hin khi dng ngun l AC () Initial frequency [Tn s khi to]: Thng s tn s ban u ch xut hin khi dng ngun l AC (Hz). Measurements Chn Voltage o in p ngun. hin th in p cn o ta c th s dng khi Multimeter kt hp vi khi Scope, trong mc Available Measurements la chn i lng dng in cn o.

Thng s la chn
None khng o lng Voltage o in p ng ra.

V d: Trn m hnh Voltage_control_source.mdl kt ni ngun p iu khin vi ti RL (R=0.5; L=0.005H). Ngun dng c iu khin bng tn hiu Pulse Generator.

 hin th in p v dng in trn ti ta s dng khi o lng in p Voltage Measurement v Current Measurement kt hp vi khi Scope.

K hiu

Controlled Current Source - Ngun dng iu khin. Ngun dng iu khin

Controlled Current Source

Chc nng: to ngun dng in iu khin c nh tn hiu Simulink

Khi Controlled Current Source c th to dng in iu khin l AC hoc DC.

Nu mun khi ng m hnh, u vo phi ni vi tn hiu khi ng Sin hay DC tng ng vi gi tr ban u. Hp thoi v thng s

Initialize [Khi to]: nu la chn Initialize th khi Controlled Current Source s khi to vi cc gi tr ca ban u ca dng in, tr pha v tn s Source type [Dng ngun]: xut hin dng ca ngun ta phi la chn Initialize. Chn AC th ta c ngun dng AC, Chn DC th ta c ngun dng DC. AC ngun dng xoay chiu. DC ngun dng mt chiu. Initial current [Dng khi to]: bin dng in ngun (A) Initial phase [Tr pha khi to]: Thng s tr pha khi to ch xut hin khi dng ngun l AC Initial frequency

[Tn s khi to]: Thng s tn s ban u ch xut hin khi dng ngun l AC (Hz). Measu rement s

Chn Current o dng in ngun. hin th dng in cn o ta c th s dng khi Multimeter kt hp vi khi Scope, trong mc Available Measurements la chn i lng dng in cn o. Thng s la chn None khng o lng Current o dng in ng ra.

V d: Trn m hnh Current_control_source.mdl kt ni ngun dng iu khin vi ti R (R=10). Ngun dng c iu khin bng tn hiu Simulink t hai ngun Sin tn s 60Hz v 5Hz

Trn m hnh Current_control_source_1.mdl kt ni ngun dng iu khin vi ti R (R=10). Ngun dng c iu khin bng tn hiu Simulink t hai ngun Sin tn s 50Hz v khi Pulse Generator

hin th in p v dng in trn ti ta s dng khi o lng in p Voltage Measurement v Current Measurement kt hp vi khi Scope.

Three Phase Source - Ngun xoay chiu 3 pha. Ngun xoay chiu 3 pha

Three Phase Source K hiu

Chc nng: to ngun in p xoay chiu 3 pha c in tr trong l R-L.

 Khi Three-Phase Source to ngun in p xoay chiu ba pha cn bng vi in

tr trong R-L. Ngun c ni hnh sao Y vi im trung tnh, im ny c th ni t hoc khng. Ta c th ci t gi tr in tr trong R-L ca ngun bng cch nhp t s in khng v in tr ngn mch X/R. Hp thoi v thng s

Phase-to-phase rms voltage [Tr hiu dng in p dy (V)] Phase angle of phase A [Tr pha pha A ()]: in p ba pha c to theo tun t dng, Nh vy pha B o o v pha C tr hn pha A ln lt l 120 v 240 . Frequency [Tn s ngun (Hz)] Internal connection [S u ni pha]: la chn mt trong cc kiu u ni:

Y Yn

u sao v im trung tnh h u sao vi dy trung tnh.

Yg

u sao vi dy trung tnh ni t .

Specify impedance using short-circuit level [La chn gi tr in tr trong s dng thng s ngn mch]: khi la chn thng s ny s xut hin trn ca s cho php nhp thng s ngn mch

phase short-circuit level at base voltage

[Cng sut ngn mch (VA) khi in p c bn]: dng tnh ton cun cm L. Thng s ny ch xut hin khi Specify impedance using short-circuit level c la. Cun cm L(H) c tnh t cng sut ngn mch Psc (VA) v in p c bn Vbase (tr hiu dng in p dy) v tn s ngun f(Hz) theo biu thc sau:

Base voltage [Tr hiu dng in p dy c bn (V)]: c dng xc nh cng sut ngn mch Thng s ny ch xut hin khi Specify impedance using short-circuit level c la chn X/R ratio [T s in khng v in tr]: t s in khng v in tr trong ca ngun X/R vi tn s ngun nh mc. Thng s ny ch xut hin khi Specify impedance using short-circuit level c la chn. in tr trong ca ngun R ( ) c xc nh t in khng trong X ( sau:

) bng biu thc

Source resistance [in tr trong ca ngun ( )] Thng s ny ch xut hin khi Specify impedance using short-circuit level khng c la chn. Source inductance [Cm khng trong ca ngun (H)] Thng s ny ch xut hin khi Specify impedance using short-circuit level khng c la . Lu : in tr hoc cm khng c

th t bng 0, nhng khng cng bng 0.

V d: Trn m hnh Three_phase_voltage_source.mdl kt ni ngun p ba pha vi ti RL 3 pha khng cn bng.

hin th dng in trn ti ta s dng khi Multimeter kt hp vi khi Scope Three Phase programmable Voltage Source - Ngun p xoay chiu 3 pha lp trnh. Three Phase programmable Voltage Source Ngun p xoay chiu 3 pha lp trnh K hiu

Chc nng: Khi Three-Phase Programmable Voltage Source c s dng to in

p 3 pha vi cc thng s thay i theo thi gian nh bin , tr pha, tn s, v thnh phn hi. Ngoi ra 2 thnh phn hi c th cng vo thnh phn hi c bn theo nguyn l xp chng Hp thoi v thng s

Positive-sequence [Tr hiu dng in p dy (V), tr pha (), tn s (Hz) ] Time variation of [Thay i theo thi gian]: Nhng thng s c th c la chn thay i theo thi gian

None Khng c thng s no c la chn Amplitude Bin . Phase - Tr pha. Frequency tn s.

Lu : nu Type of variation c chn l table of amplitude-pairs, th thng s ch chn trn pha A. Type of variation [Cch thay i]: thng s c la chn cch thay i theo thi gian.

Step dng bc. Ramp dng tuyn tnh. Modulation dng modun table of amplitude-pairs tra bng
Step magnitude [Bin bc]: thng s ny ch xut hin khi Type of Variation c la chn l Step. S

thay i ca in p, tr pha, tn s ln lt c tnh theo n v tng i (p.u), (), (Hz) Rate of change [Tc thay i]: thng s ny ch xut hin khi Type of Variation c la chn l Ramp. S thay i ca in p, tr pha, tn s ln lt c tnh theo n v tng i (p.u), (), (Hz). Amplitude of the modulation [Bin moun]: thng s ny ch xut hin khi Type of Variation c la chn l Modulation. S thay i ca in p, tr pha, tn s ln lt c tnh theo n v tng i (p.u), (), (Hz). Frequency of the modulation [Tn s moun]: thng s ny ch xut hin khi Type of Variation c la chn l Modulation Variation timing(s) [Thi gian thay i [bt u kt thc](s) ]: cho php la chn thi gian bt u v kt thc thay i di dng vector. Fundamental and/or Harmonic generation [Cng th t thun, th t nghch, th t khng hoc thnh phn hi]: Nu thng s ny c chn th hai thnh phn hi c th cng ln in p c bn theo nguyn l xp chng. A: [Order Amplitude Phase Seq] [Bc hi[n], bin , tr pha, th t (0,1,2)]: Thng s ny xut hin khi Fundamental and/or Harmonic generation c la chn. Theo th t bin , tr pha v th t (1=th t thun, 2=th t nghch, 0=th t 0) ca thnh phn hi c bn s c thm vo tn hiu chnh.

in p biu din trong n v tng i (p.u). in p ng ra l tng cc in p c chn trong Positive-sequence. Chn 1 cho bc hi v 0 hay 2 cho th t to in p khng cn bng khng c thnh phn hi. B: [Order Amplitude Phase Seq] [Bc hi[n], bin , tr pha, th t (0,1,2)]: tng t phn trn. Variation Timing(s) [Thi gian tc ng ca cc thnh phn hi (s) ]: Thng s ny xut hin khi Fundamental and/or Harmonic generation c la chn, cho php la chn thi gian bt u v thi gian kt t h c .

in tr trong ca Ngun p xoay chiu 3 pha lp trnh bng 0 V d: Trn m hnh Three_phase_prog.mdl kt ni Ngun p xoay chiu 3 pha lp trnh vi ti

3 pha thun tr cn bng. Trong khong thi gian t 0.02 n 0.06 ngun c to thm thnh phn hi bc 3 th t thun vi bin l 0.5(p.u)

Khi thit b in - Elements

Hnh 1.30: Th vin cc thit b in

Khi Tip a Ground: ni thit b hay h thng xung t 7.2.4.2 My bin p tuyn tnh - Linear Transformer K hiu

Khi My bin p tuyn tnh c m hnh ha t 3 cun dy trn cng moat li thp

Trong m hnh ny in tr cc cun dy l (R1 R2 R3) v cm khng ca chng l (L1 L2 L3), T tnh ca li thp c m hnh ha bng (Rm Lm) tuyn tnh Chuyn i n v tng i

d tnh ton ta phi quy i gi tr in tr v in khng v n v tng i: per unit (p.u.). Nhng gi tr ny c tnh ton da trn c s cng sut nh mc Pn (VA), tn s nh mc fn (Hz), v in p nh mc Vn (Vrms) ca cun dy tng ng. i vi tng cun dy:

Trong

i vi mch t ha in tr Rm v in khng Lm, quy i sang n v tng i ta da trn thng s nh mc ca cun s cp. V d

Thng s ca cun s cp R1 = 1.44 and L1 = 0.1528 H; th gi tr ca chng trong hp thoi l:

Nu dng t ha 0.2% dng nh mc th ta phi tnh ra gi tr tng i l 1/0.002 = 500 p.u. cho in tr v cm khng mch t ha. S dng gi tr c bn ta suy ra gi tr thc ca in tr v cm khng mch t ha Rm = 3.6e5=720.3*500 ohms and Lm = 955 = 1.91*500 (H) M hnh ha my bin p l tng

to my bin p l tng ta phi cho in tr v in khng cun dy bng 0. V in tr, cm khng mch t ha bng v cng ln Hp thoi v thng s

Hnh 1.31: Khi

my bin p tuyn tnh

Units xc nh dng n v tnh ton : SI v pu

Nominal power and frequency cng sut v tn s nh mc Pn (VA), fn(Hz) Winding 1 parameters thng s cun s cp: tr hiu dng in p V(V), in tr, cm khng Winding 2 parameters - thng s cun th cp: tr hiu dng in p V(V), in tr, cm khng Three windings transformer my bin p ba cun dy: ta c th la chn hai hoc ba cun dy Winding 3 parameters khi la chn 3 cun dy thng s cun th ba: tr hiu dng in p V(V), in tr, cm khng Magnetization resistance and reactance in tr v cm khng mch t ha, c m phng nh tn hao trong li thp. Khi la chn p.u. ta da vo cng sut nh mc ca cun s cp, v d xc nh 0.2% tn hao thnh phn tc dng v phn khng ca in p nh mc th Rm = 500 p.u. v Lm = 500 p.u. Rm phi c xc nh khi in khng cun s cp ln hn nhiu so vi 0 Measurements o lng: c th o in p hoc dng in ca cun dy v mch t ha hoc c hai bng khi Multimeter

7.2.4.3 K hiu

My bin p ba pha hai cun dy -

Three-Phase Transformer (Two Windings)

Khi my bin p ba pha hai cun dy s dng ba my bin p mt pha. T u dy ca cc cun dy:

Y - sao Y sao ni trung tnh. Grounded Y sao ni t Delta (D1), delta lagging Y by 30 degrees tam giac chm vi sao 30 Delta (D11), delta leading Y by 30 degrees tam gic nhanh vi sao 30
Hp thoi v thng s

Hnh 1.32Khi

my bin p ba pha 2 cun dy

Units - n v tnh ton: SI hay p.u Nominal power and frequency cng sut v in tn s nh mc Winding 1 (ABC) connection t u dy cun s cp Winding parameters thng s cun dy s cp: in p dy nh mc, in tr v cm khng Winding 2 (abc) connection -t u dy cun th cp Winding parameters -thng s cun dy th cp: in p dy nh mc, in tr v cm khng Saturable core: mch t bo ha, nu chn ta c my bin p bo ha. Magnetization resistance Rm in tr mch t ha Magnetization reactance Lm cm khng mch t ha Cc thng s Magnetization reactance Lm khng hin ln nu Saturable core c la chn Measurements: o dng in, in p, dng in t ha bng khi Multimeter

Nu cun s cp u Winding 1 ABC connection Y, Yn, or Yg, th cc i lng c o l . Measurement Label

in p cun s cp

Uan_w1:, Ubn_w1:, Ucn_w1: or Uag_w1:, Ubg_w1:, Ucg_w1:

Dng in cun s cp Ian_w1:, Ibn_w1:, Icn_w1: or Iag_w1:, Ibg_w1:, Icg_w1: T thng Dng in t ha Dng in kch t Flux_A:, Flux_B:, Flux_C: Imag_A:, Imag_B:, Imag_C: Iexc_A:, Iexc_B:, Iexc_C:

Nu cun s cp u Winding 1 ABC connection Delta (D11), Delta (D1) Measurement in p cun s cp Label Uab_w1:, Ubc_w1:, Uca_w1:

Dng in cun s cp Iab_w1:, Ibc_w1:, Ica_w1: T thng Dng in t ha Dng in kch t Flux_A:, Flux_B:, Flux_C: Imag_A:, Imag_B:, Imag_C: Iexc_A:, Iexc_B:, Iexc_C:

Hon ton tng t cho cun th cp ta ch vic thay s 1 thnh s 2

K hiu

Ti cng sut 3 pha RLC song song (Three-Phase Parallel RLC Load)

Ti cng sut ba pha c in tr khng i. Cng sut tc dng v phn khng t l vi bnh phng ca in. Hp thoi v thng s

S u ni

Hnh 1.33

Khi my ti cng sut 3 pha ni song song

Y(grounded) Neutral is grounded u sao vi trung tnh l t Y(floating) ni t Y(neutral) Delta Neutral is not accessible. u sao trung tnh khng Neutral is made accessible through a fourth connector. u sao c trung tnh ni qua dy thou t Three phases connected in delta u tam gic

Nominal phase-to-phase voltage Vn tr hiu dng in p dy nh mc Nominal frequency fn tn s nh mc(Hz). Active power P cng sut tc dng nh(W). Inductive reactive power QL cng sut phn khng mang tnh cm (var) Capacitive reactive power QC- cng sut phn khng mang tnh dung (var) Measurements: o lng dng in, in p qua ti bng khi Multimeter Measurement Label in p ti Y(grounded): Uag, Ubg, Ucg Uag: , Ubg: , Ucg: Y(floating): Uan, Ubn, Ucn Y(neutral): Uan, Ubn, Ucn Uan: , Ubn: , Ucn: Uan: , Ubn: , Ucn:

Delta: Uab, Ubc, Uca Dng in ti Y(grounded): Ia, Ib, Ic Y(floating): Ia, Ib, Ic Y(neutral): Ia, Ib, Ic Delta: Iab, Ibc, Ica

Uab: , Ubc: , Uca: Iag: , Ibg: , Icg: Ian: , Ibn: , Icn: Ian: , Ibn: , Icn: Iab: , Ibc: , Ica:

Ti cng sut 3 pha RLC ni tip Three-Phase Series RLC Load K hiu

Ti cng sut ba pha c in tr khng i. phng ca in. Hp thoi v thng s

Cng sut tc dng v phn khng

t l vi bnh

S u ni

Hnh 1.34Khi

my ti cng sut 3 pha ni ni tip

Y(grounded)

Neutral is grounded u sao vi trung tnh l t

Y(floating)

Neutral is not accessible. u sao trung tnh khng ni t

Y(neutral)

Neutral is made accessible through a fourth connector. u sao c trung tnh ni qua dy thou t

Delta

Three phases connected in delta u tam gic

Nominal phase-to-phase voltage Vn tr hiu dng in p dy nh mc Nominal frequency fn tn s nh mc(Hz). Active power P cng sut tc dng nh(W). Inductive reactive power QL cng sut phn khng mang tnh cm (var) Capacitive reactive power QC- cng sut phn khng mang tnh dung (var) Measurements: o lng dng in, in p qua ti bng khi Multimeter Measurement Label

Branch voltages Y(grounded): Uag, Ubg, Ucg Uag: , Ubg: , Ucg: Y(floating): Uan, Ubn, Ucn Y(neutral): Uan, Ubn, Ucn Delta: Uab, Ubc, Uca Branch currents Y(grounded): Ia, Ib, Ic Y(floating): Ia, Ib, Ic Y(neutral): Ia, Ib, Ic Delta: Iab, Ibc, Ica Uan: , Ubn: , Ucn: Uan: , Ubn: , Ucn: Uab: , Ubc: , Uca: Iag: , Ibg: , Icg: Ian: , Ibn: , Icn: Ian: , Ibn: , Icn: Iab: , Ibc: , Ica:

K h i u

Ti 3 pha RLC song song Three-Phase Parallel RLC Branch

L ti RLC ba pha cn bng, mi pha c in tr , cun khng v t in c kt ni song song. lai tr cc phn t th nhp cc gi tr sau cho chng, tng ng R, L l (inf), cn C l (0).C th nhp gi tr m cho in tr, cm khng v in dung Hp thoi v thng s

Dng ti: R, L,C

Hnh 1.35

Khi my ti RLC ni song song

Resistance R in tr ( ). Inductance L cm khng (H). Capacitance C in dung (F). Measurements:o lng dng in, in p qua ti bng khi Multimeter Measurement in p ti pha A, B, and C Label Ua: , Ub: , Uc:

Dng in ti pha A, B, and C Ia: , Ib: , Ic:

7.2.4.7 K hiu

Ti 3 pha RLC ni tip Three-Phase Series RLC Branch

L ti RLC ba pha cn bng, mi pha c in tr , cun khng v t in c kt ni ni tip. lai tr cc phn t th nhp cc gi tr sau cho chng, tng ng R, L l (inf), cn C l (0). C th nhp gi tr m cho in tr, cm khng v in dung Hp thoi v thng s

Dng ti: R, L,C Resistance R in tr (

).

Hnh 1.36Khi

my ti RLC ni ni tip

Inductance L cm khng (H). Capacitance C in dung (F). Measurements:o lng dng in, in p qua ti bng khi Multimeter Measurement in p ti pha A, B, and C Label Ua: , Ub: , Uc:

Dng in ti pha A, B, and C Ia: , Ib: , Ic:

Khi my in - Machines

Hnh 1.37Th

vin my in

ng c khng ng b - Asynchronous Machine

K hiu: ng c r to dy qun v r to lng sc

Khi ng c khng ng b c th vn hnh hai ch , ph thuc vo du ca m men c Tm :

Nu Tm mang du dng ng c ch ng c. Nu Tm mang du m ng c ch my pht.

Hnh 1.38

Khi ng c khng ng b

Preset model: thng s ng c c ci t trc nh cng sut nh mc (HP), in p dy(V), Tn s nh mc(Hz), tc nh mc(vng/pht) Mechanical input ng vo c kh Cho php la chn nhng dng ng vo khc nhau Chn Torque Tm ch nh m men l u vo, tc ca ng c c xc nh bng m men qun tnh J v hiu s gia m men ti v m men do ng c sinh ra. Du quy i: nu tc mang du dng, m men dng th hin ng c ch ng c, m men m th hin ch my pht La chn Speed w xc nh ng vo l tc ( rad/s). Tc ng c c ci thin v m men qun tnh c th b qua. Show detailed parameters nu chn ca s s hin ra thng s chi tit ca ng c. Rotor type dng r to

Reference frame: xc nh cu trc bin i in p ng vo sang cu trc dq v dng in ng ra (dq) sang dng (abc) Rotor (Park transformation)

Stationary (Clarke or Synchronous

transformation)

Nominal power, L-L volt, and freq cng sut nh mc Pn(VA), tr hiu dng in p dy dy Vn (V), tn s nh mc fn(Hz) Stator- in tr v cm khng cun stator Rotor - in tr v cm khng cun r to Mutual inductance cm khng mch t 2 Inertia, friction factor, and pairs of poles : m men qun tnh J (kg.m ), h s ma st F (N.m.s), s i cc p. M men ma st (Tf = F.w). Initial conditions trng thi ban u : trt , gc lch in, dng stator, gc pha [slip, th, ias, ibs, ics, phaseas, phasebs, phasecs] i vi r to dy qun [slip, th, ias, ibs, ics, phaseas, phasebs, phasecs, iar, ibr, icr, phasear, phasebr, phasecr]

ng DC Machine Implement a separately excited DC machine Lib rar y Mac hine s Des crip tion Hp thoi ng c DC

. KHI O LNG (Measurements Library)

Hnh 1.39Th

vin khi o lng

K hiu

Current Measurement thit b o dng in. Thit b o dng in

Current Measurement

Chc nng: dng o dng in tc thi trong mt thit b hoc dy dn. Ng ra ca n l tn hiu Simulink v vy c th s dng cho bt c khi Simulink no.

Hp thoi v thng s
Output signal

[Tn hiu ng ra]: dng ca tn hiu ng ra ch c la chn khi Powergui t ch tnh ton dng xoay chiu (Phasor simulation). Khi dng ca ng ra bao gm: Complex s tng hp

Magnitude bin Real-Imag - vector t hai thnh phn: s thc v s o Magnitude-Angle vector t hai thnh phn bin v gc.
Set to Complex to output the measured current as a complex value. The output is a complex signal. Set to Real-Imag to output the real and imaginary parts of the measured current. The output is a vector of two elements. Set to Magnitude-Angle to output the magnitude and angle of the measured current. The output is a vector of two elements. Set to Magnitude to output the magnitude of the measured current. The output is a scalar value.

V d: Trn m hnh Current_measurements.mdl biu din cch s dng khi Current Measurement o dng in trong hai nhnh khc nhau. Hai khi Scopes cho kt qu gin nhau.


K hiu

Voltage Measurement thit b o in p. Thit b o dng in

Voltage Measurement

Chc nng: dng o in p tc thi gia hai im, hai nt ca s . Ng ra ca n l tn hiu Simulink, v vy c th s dng cho bt c khi Simulink no.

Hp thoi v thng s

Output signal [Tn hiu ng ra]: dng ca tn hiu ng ra ch c la chn khi Powergui t ch tnh ton dng xoay chiu (Phasor simulation). Khi dng ca ng ra bao gm: Complex s tng hp

Magnitude bin Real-Imag - vector t hai thnh phn: s thc v s o Magnitude-Angle vector t hai thnh phn bin v gc.
V d: Trn m hnh Voltage_measurement.mdl biu din cch s dng khi Voltage Measurement o in p trn ti.

Impedance Measurement Thit b o in tr Thit b o in tr

Impedance Measurement K hiu

Chc nng: dng o tng tr gia hai nt trong mch in ph thuc vo tn s. Bao gm mt ngun dng Iz ni gia u vo v u th hai vi khi Impedance Measurement v in

p o c Vz gia hai u ca ngun dng. Tng tr c xc nh bng hm truyn H(s) t dng in v in p.

Tng tr (bin v gc) l hm s ca tn s c hin th bng khi Powergui khi s dng chc nng Impedance vs Frequency Measurement.

Hp thoi v thng s

Multiplication factor [H s t l]: Khi s dng Impedance Measurement cho mch 3 pha, c th s dng Multiplication factor thng s thay i t l cho tng tr cn o. V d, khi o tng tr th t thun gia hai pha ta phi t gi tr l 0.5. Kt qu s ng cho tng tr mt pha. Tng t o tng tr th t khng ca mch 3 pha ta c th ni Impedance Measurement gia t hoc im trung tnh v 3 pha cng

nhau. Trong trng hp ny ta phi nhn vi 3 c kt qu ng.

Hn ch: Ch c cc khi phi tuyn nh Breaker, Three-Phase Breaker, Three-Phase Fault, Ideal Switch, and Distributed Parameter Line c th s dng Impedance measurement, cn cc khi phi tuyn khc nh my in, hay cc linh kin in t cng sut khng th o bng Impedance measurement. Khi kt ni Impedance Measurement ni tip vi in khng v ngun dng hay phn t phi tuyn cn phi thm mt in tr ln u song song vi khi o gi tr ca in tr phi la chn sao cho s khng b nh hng, do Impedance Measurement c coi l ngun dng. Example See the Powergui block reference page for an example using the Impedance Measurement block. V d: Trn m hnh Impedance_Measurement.mdl biu din s kt ni Impedance Measurement vi mch dao ng v cch o in tr ca mch .


Multimeter K hiu

Multimeter ng h vn nng. ng h vn nng

Chc nng: dng o in p, dng in trong cc khi ca SimPowerSystems, khi trong hp thoi ca chng c la chn tham s Measurements o lng. Trong bng biu th nhng khi SimPowerSystems c th s dng chc nng ca Multimeter . Tn cc khi Tn cc khi AC Current Source AC Voltage Source Breaker Controlled Current Source Controlled Voltage Source DC Voltage Source Distributed Parameter Line PI Section Line Saturable Transformer Series RLC Branch Series RLC Load Surge Arrester Three-Level Bridge Three-Phase Harmonic Filter

Linear Transformer

Three-Phase Load (Series and Parallel)

Multi-Winding Transformer Mutual Inductance Parallel RLC Branch Parallel RLC Load

Three-Phase Branch (Series and Parallel) Three-Phase Transformer (Two and Three Windings) Universal Bridge Zigzag Phase-Shifting Transformer

Khi o dng in bng khi Current Measurement, du dng (+) xut hin u ca khi (dng in i t cc (+) n cc (). Tng t khi o in p bng khi Voltage Measurement, in p c o gia cc (+) n cc (). Tuy nhin in p, dng in trong cc khi ca SimPowerSystems khi o bng Multimeter khng xc nh c chiu. Khc vi Simulink tn hiu v cc cc vo, cc ra ca cc khi trong SimPowerSystems khng c hng. Cc tnh ca in p v dng in khng xc nh theo chiu ng dy m theo nh hng ca khi. xc nh c hng ca khi, ta nhp chut vo khi v nhp lnh sau vo ca s Matlab: get_param(gcb,'Orientation') Bng di y biu th cc tnh ca in p v dng in ca ti RLC (RLC branches or loads), thit b chng st (surge arresters) v my ct (breakers) c o bng khi Multimeter. Hng ca khi right left down up Positive Current Direction left --> right right --> left top --> bottom bottom --> top Measured Voltage Vleft - Vright Vright - Vleft Vtop - Vbottom Vbottom - Vtop

Hng mc nh ca cc khi l right cho cc khi nm ngang v down cho cc khi thng ng. i vi cc my bin p 1 pha cun dy ni t tri sang phi th chiu in p cun dy t trn xung di m khng ph thuc vo hng ca khi my bin p. Dng in trong cun dy bt u t cc pha trn. i vi my bin p 3 pha, cc tnh in p v chiu dng in c biu th bng nhn ca tn hiu trong khi Multimeter. V d Uan_w2 = in p pha A vi trung tnh khi u Y ca cun 2, Iab_w1 = dng t A n B trong cun 1 u tam gic. Hp thoi v i lng

Available Measurements [Nhng i lngc th o]: trong bng hin th in p, dng in ca cc khi trong s cn o, khi trong cc khi c ghi chc nng Measurements. S dng nt >> hin th thm cc i lng. cp nht ta s dng nt nhn Update. Selected Measurements [Nhng i lngc la chn o]: trong bng hin th in p dng in c a ra ng ra ca khi o Multimeter. iu khin th t, thm bt cc tn hiu c th s dng cc nt nhn Up, Down, Remove. o chiu tn hiu ta c th s dng nt (+/-) . Plot selected measurements [V th cc i lng la chn ]: nu la chn chc nng ny, cc i lng cn o s c hin th bng MATLAB figure khi qu trnh m phng kt thc. Output type [Tn hiu ng ra]: dng ca tn hiu ng ra ch c la chn khi Powergui t ch tnh ton dng xoay chiu (Phasor simulation). Khi dng ca ng ra bao gm: Complex s tng hp

Magnitude bin Real-Imag - vector t hai thnh phn: s thc v s o

 Magnitude-Angle vector t hai thnh phn bin v gc.

V d: Trn m hnh Multimeter_measurement.mdl biu din s b chnh lu cu 1 pha khng iu khin v cch s dng khi Multimeter Measurement o in p, dng in trn linh kin diode v trn ti.

K hiu

Three-Phase V-I Measurement Thit b o in p, dng in 3 pha Thit b o in p, dng in 3 pha

Three-Phase V-I Measurement

Chc nng:

dng o in p,

dng in trong mch

3 pha. Khi Three-Phase V-I Measurement c gn ni tip vi cc phn t 3 pha, hin th in p pha v in p dy v dng in. in p v dng in c th biu din n v tng i (pu) hoc n v c tn Vn(V), amper (A). Cng thc chuyn i nh sau:

Trong VbaseLL l tr hiu dng c bn in p dy dy (V) v Pbase cng sut c bn ba pha (VA). in p v dng in xc lp o bng khi Three-Phase V-I Measurement c th nhn c t khi Powergui bng cch la chn Steady-State Voltages and Currents. Bin hin th trong Powergui l gi tr nh hoc hiu dng nu tn hiu ng ra c chuyn i thnh n v tng i (p.u)

Hp thoi v thng s

Voltage measurement [o in p]: c th la chn cc chc nng sau:

No khng o in p Phase to- ground o in p pha. Phase to phase o in p dy

Use a label

[S dng nhn ]: nu la chn th in p o c chuyn n nhn tn hiu (Signal label ). S dng khi From c in p ny nh chc nng Goto tag tng ng vi nhn trong Signal label. Nu khng chn th in p s c hin th ng ra Vabc ca khi o. Signal label [Nhn

tn hiu]: Voltage s in p.u. [in p trong n v tng i p.u]: nu la chn th in p c o n v tng i (p.u), nu khng th n v vn (V). Base voltage (Vrms phase-phase) [in p c bn (tr hiu dng in p dy)]: tr hiu dng in p dy dng chuyn i in p sang n v c bn. Base voltage (Vrms phase-phase) ch xut hin khi Voltages in p.u c la chn. Current measurement [o dng in]: c th la chn cc chc nng o dng in 3 pha. Us e a lab el [S dng nhn ]: nu la chn th in p o c chuyn n nhn tn hiu (Signal label ). S dng khi From c dng in ny nh chc nng Goto tag tng ng vi nhn trong Signal label. Nu khng chn th dng in s c hin th ng ra Iabc ca khi o Signal label [Nhn tn hiu]: Current s in p.u. [in p trong n v tng i p.u]: nu la chn th dng in c o n v tng i (p.u), nu khng th n v amper (A). Base power (VA) [Cng sut c bn 3 pha]: cng sut dn c bn 3 pha dng chuyn i dng in sang n v c bn. Base power (VA) ch xut hin khi Currents in p.u c la chn. Outpu t signal [Tn hiu ng ra]: dng ca tn hiu ng ra ch c la chn khi Powergui t ch tnh ton dng xoay chiu (Phasor simulation). Khi dng ca ng ra bao gm:

 Complex s tng hp Magnitude bin Real-Imag - vector t hai thnh phn: s thc v s o Magnitude-Angle vector t hai thnh phn bin v gc.
V d: Trn m hnh Three_Phase_V_I_Measurement.mdl biu din s o in p v dng in 3 pha s dng khi Three-Phase V-I Measurement trn ti 3 pha.

Hnh 1.40Khi

o cng sut tc dng v phn khng ba pha

Khi th vin in t cng sut- Power Electronics Thit b in t cng

sut Diode Diode cng sut.

Diode K hiu

Diode cng sut

Diode l linh kin bn dn khng iu khin bng tn hiu m bng in p hai u cc Vak v dng in qua n Iak. Diode dn khi in p Vak ln hn in p ng ca diode Vf (Vak -Vf >0) v dng in chy qua linh kin. Diode ngt khi dng in Iak gim n 0. Khi Vak<0 diode trng thi ngt.

M hnh diode cu to t mch gn ni tip: in tr Ron, in khng Lon v in p DC Vf v kha SW. Kha ng ngt c hot ng v iu khin bng in p Vak v dng in Iak.

Diode c mch snubber Rs-Cs mc song song gia hai u cc A v K.

Hp thoi v thng s

Resista nce Ron [in tr ca diode khi dn Ron ()]: khng Lon nhp bng 0. Inducta nce Lon [Cm khng ca diode khi dn Lon(H)]: gi tr ny khng th nhp bng 0 khi Ron nhp bng 0. Forward voltage Vf [in p ng ca diode (V)] gi tr ny khng c nhp bng 0 khi cm

Initial current Ic [Dng in ban u ca diode(A)]: thng thng gi tr ny c nhp bng 0 c ngha diode trng thi ngt khi qu trnh m phng bt u. Nu gi tr ny dng c ngha diode trng thi ng khi qu trnh m phng bt u Snubber resistance Rs [in tr mch Snubber ()]: loi Rs khi mch Snubber ta nhp Rs=inf. Snubber capacitance Cs [in dung mch Snubber (F)]: loi Cs khi mch Snubber ta nhp Cs=0. Hoc Cs=inf c mch resistive snubber. Show measurement port

[port o lng]: nu la chn v kt hp vi khi Simulink cho ta kt qu dng in v in p.

Inputs and Outputs [Ng vo v ng ra]: Ng ra ca khi l dng vector gm hai tn hiu, chia hai tn hiu c th dng khi Bus Selector

Tn hiu Tn tn hiu 1 2

n v

Diode current A Diode voltage V

Khuyn co v hn ch: Khi Diode c m hnh ha m khng tnh n cu trc vt l cng nh nhng qu trnh phc tp xy ra trong diode thc. Dng r hay in p ngc qua diode khng c tnh n. Trong cc s dng ngc khng c xut trong c tnh ca linh kin.

Ph thuc vo gi tr ca Lon, diode c m phng nh ngun dng (Lon>0) hay s cu trc thay i (Lon=0). Diode khng th mc ni tip vi in cm, ngun dng hay mch h tr khi mch snubber c s dng. Phi s dng gii thut tnh ton m phng l ode23tb hay ode15s vi thng s mc nh s cho tc nhanh nht. Khi ta ri rc ha s th Lon c nhp bng 0.

V d: Trn m hnh Diode_electronica.mdl biu din s b chnh lu 1 xung vi khi Diode v ti RL ngun xoay chiu AC.

Kt qu qu trnh m phng.


Ideal switch device K hiu

Ideal switch device Kha ng ng t l t

ng

Kha ng ngt l tng

Ideal switch device khng l linh kin bn dn c thc. Khi s dng vi kha Logic thch hp, Ideal switch device c coi nh GTO hay MOSFET thm ch my ct cng sut. Ideal switch device c m phng nh mt mch ni tip ca: in tr khi dn Ron v kha SW iu khin bng tn hiu logic cng g.

Ideal Switch c iu khin hon ton bng tn hiu cng g (g > 0 or g = 0) vi nhng c tnh sau:

S b ngt c chiu thun v chiu nghch vi dng in bng 0 khi g=0 Dn c hai chiu dng in vi in p ri bng 0 khi g>0 Chuyn trng thi tc thi khi c tn hiu thay i dng tc thi.
Ideal Switch dn khi tn hiu cng g dng (g > 0) v ngt khi tn hiu cng g bng 0 (g = 0).

gim tn hao cng sut khi ng ngt, Ideal Switch mch snubber Rs-Cs ni tip .

mc song song vo hai u cc 1 v 2 vi

c tnh V-A ca IDEAL SWITCH

Hp thoi v thng s

Resistance Ron [in tr ca IDEAL SWITCH khi dn Ron ()]: gi tr ny lun phi khc 0

Internal resistance Ron The internal resistance of the switch device, in ohms ( resistance Ron parameter cannot be set to 0. Initial state [Trng thi ban u ca IDEAL SWITCH]: nu bng 0 th hin kha m, nu bng 1 kha ng Snubber resistance Rs [in tr mch Snubber ()]: loi Rs khi mch Snubber ta nhp Rs=inf. Snubber capacitance Cs [in dung mch Snubber (F)]: loi Cs khi mch Snubber ta nhp Cs=0. Hoc Cs=inf c mch resistive snubber. Show measurement port ). The Internal

[port o lng]: nu la chn v kt hp vi khi Simulink cho ta kt qu dng in v in p. Inputs and Outputs [Ng vo v ng ra]: Ng ra ca khi l dng vector gm hai tn hiu, chia hai tn hiu c th dng khi Bus Selector

Tn hiu Tn tn hiu 1 2

n v

IDEAL SWITCH DEVICEcurrent A IDEAL SWITCH DEVICEvoltage V

Khuyn co v hn ch: IDEAL SWITCH DEVICE c m hnh ha nh mt ngun dng v vy n khng c mc ni tip vi cun cm, ngun dng hay h mch tr khi s dng mch snubber. Gi tr in tr Ron lun phi khc 0. Phi s dng gii thut tnh ton m phng l ode23tb hay ode15s vi thng s mc nh s cho tc nhanh nht. V d-1: Trn m hnh Idial_switch_electronica.mdl biu din cch s dng khi IDEAL SWITCH vi ti RLC. Kha ng trng thi ban u, n c m ti thi im t=50ms (3 chu k) v sau ng li ti thi im t=138ms (8.25 chu k). Kha khng c mch snubber v in tr trong ca kha l Ron=0.01 .

Kt qu qu trnh m phng bao gm: dng qua ti, dng qua linh kin v in p qua t C. Lu n qu in p tn s cao to ra do trong dng khng ti v dng tc thi rt ln qua kha ng ngt l tng.

V d-2: Trn m hnh Idial_switch_electronica_2.mdl biu din cch s dng khi IDEAL SWITCH cho khi ng ng c khng ng b 3 pha. Ba kha m trng thi ban u, n c

m ti thi im t=0.3s. Kha c mch snubber Rs=0.1() v Cs=1e-8 (F)v in tr trong ca kha l Ron=0.01 .

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)

Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)

K hiu

IGBT l linh kin bn dn c iu khin bng tn hiu kch (gate signal). IGBT c m phng nh mt mch ni tip ca: in tr Ron, in cm Lon, in p DC Vf v kha SW iu khin bng tn hiu logic (g > 0 hoc g = 0).

IGBT dn khi in p collector-emitter dng ln hn Vf v tn hiu dng cng g (g > 0). IGBT ngt khi in p collector-emitter dng v tn hiu cng g bng 0 (g = 0).

IGBT trng thi ngt khi in p collector-emitter m.

Hu ht cc IGBT trong thc t khng c kha in p ngc do chng c u i song vi mt diode. gim tn hao cng sut khi ng ngt, IGBT c mc song song vo hai u cc C v E vi mch snubber Rs-Cs ni tip .

c tnh V-A ca IGBT

c tnh ng ngt ca IGBT chia lm hai vng. Khi tn hiu cng g gim v 0, dng collector gim t Imax n 0.1Imax trong khong thi gian gim Tf v sau t 0.1Imax n 0 trong khong thi gian Tt

 Hp thoi v thng s

Resistance Ron [in tr ca IGBT khi dn Ron ()]: gi tr ny khng c nhp bng 0 khi cm khng Lon nhp bng 0. Inductance Lon [Cm khng ca IGBT khi dn Lon(H)]: gi tr ny khng th nhp bng 0 khi Ron nhp bng 0. Forward voltage Vf [in p ri khi ca IGBT khi dn(V)] Current 10% fall time [Thi gian gim dng n 10% dng in khi ngt (s)]: Tf (s)

Current tail time

[Thi gian tr (s)]: Tt(s) trong khon thi gian ny dng in gim t 10% dng in khi ngt n 0. Initial current Ic [Dng in ban u ca IGBT(A)]: thng thng gi tr ny c nhp bng 0 c ngha IGBT trng thi ngt khi qu trnh m phng bt u. Nu gi tr ny dng c ngha IGBT trng thi ng khi qu trnh m phng bt u Snubber resistance Rs [in tr mch Snubber ()]: loi Rs khi mch Snubber ta nhp Rs=inf. Snubber capacitance Cs [in dung mch Snubber (F)]: loi Cs khi mch Snubber ta nhp Cs=0. Hoc Cs=inf c mch resistive snubber. Show measurement port [port o lng]: nu la chn v kt hp vi khi Simulink cho ta kt qu dng in v in p. Inputs and Outputs [Ng vo v ng ra]: Ng ra ca khi l dng vector gm hai tn hiu, chia hai tn hiu c th dng khi Bus Selector

Tn hiu Tn tn hiu 1 2

n v

IGBT current A IGBT voltage V

Khuyn co v hn ch:

Khi Diode c m hnh ha m khng tnh n cu trc vt l cng nh nhng qu trnh phc tp xy ra trong diode thc. IGBT c m hnh ha nh mt ngun dng v vy n khng c mc ni tip vi cun cm, ngun dng hay h mch tr khi s dng mch snubber. Gi tr in cm Lon lun phi khc 0. Khi IGBT ring bit khng cho php ri rc ha. Tuy nhin, c th ri rc ha m hnh khi s dng IGBT/Diode vi khi Universal Bridge v Three-Level Bridge. Phi s dng gii thut tnh ton m phng l ode23tb hay ode15s vi thng s mc nh s cho tc nhanh nht.

V d: Trn m hnh IGBT_electronica.mdl biu din s b chnh lu 1 xung vi khi IGBT v ti RL ngun xoay chiu AC.

Kt qu qu trnh m phng.

Metaloxide semiconductor fieldeffect transistor (MOSFET)

Metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) K hiu

Metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET)

MOSFET l linh kin bn dn c iu khin bng tn hiu kch (g>0), nu dng in Id>0. MOSFET c mc i

song vi diode trong,

v diode ny dn khi

c in p

ngc (Vds<0). MOSFET c m phng nh mt mch ni tip ca: in tr thay i Rt, in cm Lon, in p DC Vf v kha SW iu khin bng tn hiu logic (g > 0 hoc g = 0).

MOSFET dn khi in p drain-source dng ln hn Vf v tn hiu dng cng g (g > 0). MOSFET ngt khi in p drain-source dng v tn hiu cng g bng 0 (g = 0). Nu dng in Id m (Dng in ny s qua diode), MOSFET s b ngt khi dng Id=0. Cn lu in tr Rt ph thuc vo dng in Id: Rt=Ron nu Id>0, trong Ron l in tr khi dn ca MOSFET. Rt=Rd nu Id<0, trong Rd l in tr khi dn ca Diode. gim tn hao cng sut khi ng ngt, MOSFET c mc song song vo hai u cc D v S vi mch snubber Rs-Cs ni tip . c tnh V-A ca MOSFET

Hp thoi v thng s

Resistance Ron [in tr ca MOSFET khi dn Ron ()] Inductance Lon [Cm khng ca MOSFET khi dn Lon(H)]: gi tr ny khng th nhp bng 0. Internal diode resistance Rd [in tr trong ca Diode ()] Initial current Ic [Dng in ban u ca MOSFET(A)]: thng thng gi tr ny c nhp bng 0 c ngha MOSFET trng thi ngt khi qu trnh m phng bt u. Nu gi tr ny dng c ngha MOSFET trng thi ng khi qu trnh m phng bt u Snubber resistance Rs [in tr mch Snubber ()]: loi Rs khi mch Snubber ta nhp Rs=inf. Snubber capacitance Cs

[in dung mch Snubber (F)]: loi Cs khi mch Snubber ta nhp Cs=0. Hoc Cs=inf c mch resistive snubber.

Show measurement port [port o lng]: nu la chn v kt hp vi khi Simulink cho ta kt qu dng in v in p. Inputs and Outputs [Ng vo v ng ra]: Ng ra ca khi l dng vector gm hai tn hiu, chia hai tn hiu c th dng khi Bus Selector Tn hiu Tn tn hiu 1 2 n v

MOSFET current A MOSFET voltage V

Khuyn co v hn ch: Khi MOSFET c m hnh ha m khng tnh n cu trc vt l cng nh nhng qu trnh phc tp xy ra trong MOSFET thc. MOSFET c m hnh ha nh mt ngun dng v vy n khng c mc ni tip vi cun cm, ngun dng hay h mch tr khi s dng mch snubber. Gi tr in cm Lon lun phi khc 0. Khi MOSFET ring bit khng cho php ri rc ha. Tuy nhin, c th ri rc ha m hnh khi s dng MOSFET/Diode vi khi

Universal Bridge v Three-Level Bridge.

Phi s dng gii thut tnh ton m phng l ode23tb hay ode15s vi thng s mc nh s cho tc nhanh nht. V d_1: Trn m hnh MOSFET_electronica.mdl biu din cch s dng khi MOSFET trong b nghch lu cng hng. Trong dng in c to ra trong mch cng hng Lr-Cr qua MOSFET v Diode trong. Dng in m s chy qua diode cho n khi t gi 0 tr bng 0. Tn s ng ngt ca linh kin l 2MHz vi rng xung l 72 (t s thi gian ng l 20%)

Kt qu qu trnh m phng.

V d_2: Trn m hnh Mosfet_electronica_2.mdl biu din cch s dng khi MOSFET trong b nghch lu to in p ng ra tn s 50Hz. Trong c s dng khi PWM Generator vi tn s sng mang l 1024Hz to xung cho MOSFET.


Three-Level Bridge

ThreeLevel Bridge C u 3 b c.

Cu 3 bc

GTO-Diode bridge

IGBT-Diode bridge

MOSFET-Diode

Ideal Switch bridges

K hi Three-Level Bridge biu din b nghch lu 3 bc im trung tnh kp vi 1, 2, 3 nhnh. Mi nhnh c bn kha cng sut v diode ngc v hai diode kp.

Dng ca kha cng sut (IGBT, GTO, MOSFET, hay ideal switch) v s nhnh c la chn t hp thoi v thng s.

Hp thoi v thng s

Number of bridge arms [S nhnh trong cu]: Cu trc ca cu c th l 1,2 hoc 3 nhnh) Snubber resistance Rs [in tr mch Snubber ()]: loi Rs khi mch Snubber ta nhp Rs=inf. Snubber capacitance Cs [in dung mch Snubber (F)]: loi Cs khi mch Snubber ta nhp Cs=0. Hoc Cs=inf c mch resistive snubber. ri rc ha m hnh cn phi xc nh Rs v Cs cho cu diode v cu Thyristor. i vi cc kha cng sut ng ngt cng bc nh (GTO, IGBT, or MOSFET), mch cu hot ng bnh thng vi snubber thun tr cho n khi xut hin xung kch n cc kha cng sut. Nu xung kch b kha th cc diode i song s hot ng v cu tng qut tr thnh cu diode. Trong trng hp ny ta cng phi tnh li gi tr Rs v Cs cho ph hp. Khi ri rc ha h thng ta tnh Rs v Cs theo cc cng thc sau:

Trong : Pn = Cng sut nh mc ca b bin i cng sut (VA) Vn= Tr hiu dng in p dy dy. f = Tn s hi c bn (Hz) Ts = Thi gian ly mu (s) Nhng gi tr Rs v Cs c xc nh da theo cc iu kin sau: dng in nh mc.

Khi kha cng sut trng thi ngt, dng r tn s c bn khng ln hn 10%

Thi hng ca mch snubber ln hn 2 ln thi gian

ly mu Tuy nhin nhng gi tr Rs v Cs s khng p dng cho mch thc t. Power electronic device

[Dng kha cng sut]: La chn dng kha cng sut s dng trong cu.

GTO/Diode MOSFET/Diodes IGBT/Diodes Ideal Switchs

Ron [in tr trong ca kha cng sut ()] Forward voltage Vf [in p ng (V)]: Ch p dng cho Diode v Thyristor. N chnh l in p ri trn kha khi dn.

Forward voltages [Device Vf, Diode Vfd] [in p khi dn [Kha cng sut Vf, Diode Vfd] (V)]: Thng s ny xut hin khi la chn Power electronic device l GTO/Diodes hay IGBT/Diodes. Measurements Select All Device currents to measure the current flowing through all the components (switching devices and diodes). If the snubber devices are defined, the measured currents are those flowing through the power electronic devices only. Select Phase-to-neutral and DC voltages to measure the terminal voltage the ThreeLevel Bridge block.

(AC and DC) of Select All voltages and currents to measure all voltages and currents defined for the Three- Level Bridge block.

Place a Multimeter block in your model to display the selected measurements during the simulation. In the Available Measurement list box of the Multimeter block, the measurement is identified by a label followed by the block name. Measu rement s [o lng]: Cho php la chn nhng tham s cn o chuyn n Multimeter v th hin bng Scope:

None: Khng c tham s no c la chn. All Device currents: Dng in tng trn kha cng sut v diode. Nu snubber
c la chn th dng in o c cng ch l dng qua kha cng sut.

Phase-to-neutral and DC voltages: in p AC v DC ca cu 3 bc. All voltage and currents: Tt c cc in p v dng in ca cu cng sut.
hin th dng in cn o ta c th s dng khi Multimeter kt hp vi khi Scope, trong mc Available Measurements la chn i lng dng in cn o. Thng s cn o Tn tn hiu (GTO, IGBT, MOSFET Devices) IQ1a,IQ2a,IQ3a,IQ4a, IQ1b,IQ2b,IQ3b,IQ4b, IQ1c,IQ2c,IQ3c,IQ4c, ID1a,ID2a,ID3a,ID4a,ID5a,ID6a, ID1b,ID2b,ID3b,ID4b,ID5b,ID6b, ID1c,ID2c,ID3c,ID4c,ID5c,ID6c Uan:, Ubn:, Ucn:, Udc+:, Udc-:

Dng in qua kha cng sut

in p gia cc im ni

Thng s cn o

Tn tn hiu ( Ideal Switch Device)

Dng in qua kha cng sut

Isw1a,Isw2a,Isw3a,Isw1b,Isw2b,Isw3b,Isw1c,Is w2c,Isw3c Uan:, Ubn:, Ucn:, Udc+:, Udc-:

in p gia cc im ni

Inputs and Outputs [Ng vo v ng ra]: Ng vo l tn hiu iu khin cc kha cng sut. Chiu di ca tn hiu ny ph thuc vo s nhnh trong cu. Cu trc Vector xung ng vo g

Mt nhnh [Q1a,Q2a,Q3a,Q4a] Hai nhnh [Q1a,Q2a,Q3a,Q4a,Q1b,Q2b,Q3b,Q4b] Ba nhnh [Q1a,Q2a,Q3a,Q4a,Q1b,Q2b,Q3b,Q4b,Q1c,Q2c,Q3c,Q4c]

Lu : Nu l ideal switch th Q1 iu khin Sw1, Q4 -Sw2 v Logic AND ca Q2 v Q3 iu khin Sw3 Khuyn co v hn ch: Thi gian gim dng v thi gian tr (Fall time, Tail time) khng c m hnh ha trong Three- Level Bridge. V d-1: Trn m hnh Three_level_electronica.mdl s dng khi Three-Level Bridge trong b bin i AC/DC bao gm b bin tn ngun p 3 pha (VSC). iu khin theo phng php PWM to ra in p 500VDC (+/- 250 V). Trong th d ny tn s sng mang l 1620Hz v tn s li l 60Hz.

The VSC is controlled in a closed loop by two PI regulators in order to maintain a DC voltage of 500 V at the load while maintaining a unity input power factor for the AC supply

B bin tn ngun p (VSC) iu khin vng kn bng khu hiu chnh PI regulator theo in p DC 500V trn ti.

khi ng m hnh n trng thi xc lp, c s dng file power_3levelVSC_xinit.mat khi to thng s ca m hnh (File t ng chy khi m hnh c m ra). Chy m phng v quan st cc tn hiu sau:.

in p DC (Vdc Scope) in p v dng in s cp pha A ngun AC (VaIa Scope) Dng in kha cng sut nhnh A (Ia_Devices Scope block inside the
Measurements & Signals subsystem)

in p dy ca VSC (Vab_VSC Scope)

Ti thi im 50 ms, Ti 200 kW c ng vo. Nhn thy s phn ng ca khu hiu chnh DC regulator l ph hp khi ti tng t 200 kW n 400 kW: in p DC t 500 V sau 2 chu k. Ti thi im 100 ms, kha xung bng stop-pulsing . in p DC gim xung n 315 V. Khi dng in s cp cng thay i ln. Khi xung b kha th Three-Level Bridge hot ng nh cu diode 3 pha..


Diode bridge

Universal Bridge C u t ng qut

Universal Bridge

Cu tng qut

Thyristor bridge

GTO-Diode bridge

IGBT-Diode bridge

MOSFET-Diode

Ideal Switch bridges

Khi Universal Bridge biu din b bin i cng sut tng qut. Trong c 6 kha cng sut c mc hnh cu. Loi ca kha cng sut c la chn trong hp thoi thng s. Khi Universal Bridge cho php m phng linh kin in t cng sut dng chuyn mch t nhin (diodes, thyristors) cng nh chuyn mch cng bc (GTO, IGBT, MOSFET). Khi Universal Bridge l khi c bn xy dng b bin tn ngun p 2 bc (Two-level voltage- sourced converters -VSC).

Lu : Cc linh kin c nh s khc nhau trong cc b chuyn mch t nhin v cng bc: trong cc b chuyn mch t nhin c nh s theo th t chuyn mch

Hp thoi v thng s

Number of bridge arms [S nhnh trong cu]: Nhp 1 hoc 2 nu l mt pha (2 hoc 4 linh kin). Nhp l 3 nu l ba pha (6 linh kin) Snubber resistance Rs [in tr mch Snubber ()]: loi Rs khi mch Snubber ta nhp Rs=inf. Snubber capacitance Cs [in dung mch Snubber (F)]: loi Cs khi mch Snubber ta nhp Cs=0. Hoc Cs=inf c mch resistive snubber. ri rc ha m hnh cn phi xc nh Rs v Cs cho cu diode v cu Thyristor. i vi cc kha cng sut ng ngt cng bc nh (GTO, IGBT, or MOSFET), mch cu hot ng bnh thng vi snubber thun tr cho n khi xut hin xung kch n cc kha cng sut. Nu xung kch b kha th cc diode i song s hot ng v cu tng qut tr thnh cu diode. Trong trng hp ny ta cng phi tnh li gi tr Rs v Cs cho ph hp.

Khi ri rc ha h thng ta tnh Rs v Cs theo cc cng thc sau:

Trong : Pn = Cng sut nh mc ca b bin i cng sut (VA) Vn= Tr hiu dng in p dy dy. f = Tn s hi c bn (Hz) Ts = Thi gian ly mu (s) Nhng gi tr Rs v Cs c xc nh da theo cc iu kin sau:

Khi kha cng sut trng thi ngt, dng r tn s c bn khng ln hn 10% dng in nh mc. Thi hng ca mch snubber ln hn 2 ln thi gian
ly mu Tuy nhin nhng gi tr Rs v Cs s khng p dng cho mch thc t. Power electronic device [Dng kha cng sut]: La chn dng kha cng sut s dng trong cu.

Diodes Thyristor GTO/Diode MOSFET/Diodes IGBT/Diodes Ideal Switchs

Ron [in tr trong ca kha cng sut ()] Lon [in cm ca kha cng sut (H)]: p dng cho diode v Thyristor. Khi ri rc ha m hnh th phi nhp Lon=0

Forward voltage Vf [in p ng (V)]: Ch p dng cho Diode v Thyristor. N chnh l in p ri trn kha khi dn.

Forward voltages [Device Vf, Diode Vfd]

[in p khi dn [Kha cng sut Vf, Diode Vfd] (V)]: Thng s ny xut hin khi la chn Power electronic device l GTO/Diodes hay IGBT/Diodes. [Tf (s) Tt (s)] [Thi gian gim Tf (s), Thi gian tr Tt(s)]: p dng cho GTO hay IGBT. Measurements [o lng]: Cho php la chn nhng tham s cn o chuyn n Multimeter v th hin bng Scope:

None: Khng c tham s no c la chn. Device voltages: in p trn kha cng sut Device current: Dng in trn kha cng sut. Nu c s dng diode ngc th
dng in o c l dng in tng: Dng in dng chy qua kha cng sut ng ngt cng bc, dng in m qua diode ngc. Nu snubber c la chn th dng in o c cng ch l dng qua kha cng sut.

UAB UBC UCA UDC: in p gia cc im ni ca cu. All voltage and currents: Tt c cc in p v dng in ca cu cng sut.
hin th dng in cn o ta c th s dng khi Multimeter kt hp vi khi Scope, trong mc Available Measurements la chn i lng dng in cn o. . Thng s cn o in p trn kha cng sut Tn tn hiu Usw1:, Usw2:,Usw3:,Usw4:,Usw5:,Usw6:

Dng in qua kha cng sut Isw1:, Isw2:, Isw3:, Isw4:, Isw5:, Isw6: in p gia cc im ni Uab:, Ubc:, Uca:, Udc:

Khuyn co v hn ch: Universal Bridge c th c ri rc ha s dng trong m phng theo bc. Trong trng hp ny giao tip logic trong ca Universal Bridge s ni gia kha cng sut v diode trong nhnh ca cu. Lu : B bin i to t cc kha cng sut iu khin ng ngt cng bc ring l khng th ri rc ha.

V d-1: Trn m hnh Universal_bridges_electronica.mdl s dng hai khi Universal Bridge trong b bin tn AC/DC/AC bao gm b chnh lu, mch DC v b nghch lu IGBT. iu khin b bin tn theo iu ch rng xung pulse-width modulated (PWM) vi in p ng ra tn s 50Hz. Tn s ng ngt ca linh kin l 2000Hz.

B nghch lu IGBT 50 Hz) trn ti.

iu khin bng khu hiu chnh PI regulator theo in p 1p.u (380 Vrms,

Khi Multimeter dng hin th dng in trn diode 1 v 3 trong cu diodes v ca kha cng sut IGBT/Diodes 1 v 2 trong cu IGBT.

Khi ng m phng, sau khong 40 ms, h thng t trng thi n nh. Dng sng in p DC, in p ng ra b bin tn v in p ti c hin th Scope 1. Thnh phn hi trong p ti c lc bi LC filter. Bin in p ti l 537 V (Tr hiu dng p ti l 380 V).

Trong trng thi xc lp t s iu ch modulation index 780 V.

m = 0.77, v tr trung bnh in p DC l s

Vab = 780 V * 0.612 * 0.80 = 382 V RMS

V d-2: Trn m hnh Universal_bridges_electronica_2.mdl m phng b chnh lu cu 3 pha Thyristor lm vic hai ch chnh lu v nghch lu. Ban u b chnh lu lm 0 vic ch chnh lu vi gc iu khin l 15 , ti thi im t=0.06 tng gc iu 0 khin ln n 160 chuyn sang ch nghch lu (cng sut ti m P<0, mc d dng in ti khng i chiu)