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Operation and Control Strategy of

PV/WTG/EU Hybrid Electric Power System


Using Neural Networks

Faculty of Engineering, Elminia University,


Elminia, Egypt
Object of this paper

This paper introduces an application of an


artificial neural network on the operation
control of the PV/WTG/EU to improve
system efficiency and reliability.
This paper focus on a hybrid system consists of
PV/WTG interconnected with utility grid taking
into account the variation of solar radiation, Wind
speed and load demand during the day. Different
feed forward neural network architectures are trained
and tested with data containing a variety of operation
patterns. A simulation is carried out over one year
using the hourly data of the load demand, wind
speed, insolation and temperature at El'Zafranna
site, Egypt as a case study.
2- System Model

2-1 Modeling of PV/WTG


The design of PV/WTG HEPS interconnected to EU
depends on dividing the load into two parts between
photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine generator (WTG).
A typical modeling of PV/WTG HEPS, in a grid-
connected situation, is shown in the following Figure
.
.App. And Res

n
tio
S te p -u p

ia
T ra n sfo rm e r S 4

ad
R
17 Wind Speed
D C /D C D C /A C F ilte r

S te p -u p
T ra n sfo rm e r S 5
G . B . I .G . A C /D C D C /A C F ilte r

In p u t O u tp u t B us bar

N N fo r P V /W T G /E U S te p -d o w n S 3
T ra n sfo rm e r
~ S 1

E U S 2
B us bar

S te p -d o w n
T ra n sfo rm e r

L o ad

Fig. 1 Layout of PV/WTG interconnected with EU and control strategy


The /630
power generated by PV system and WTG at any
time, (t) can be expressed as the following

P (t) = Ppv (t) + PWTG (t)


gtotal

PL (t) =P (t) ± P (t)


gtotal g

The following operating strategy have employed as follows:


Mode S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 Generated power vs. Load demand
/730
Pgtotal > PL, Ppv(t)>0, PWTG(t)=0
ON OFF ON ON OFF PV DC voltage within limits
WTG DC voltage out of limits
1
Pgtotal < PL, Ppv(t)>0, PWTG(t)=0
ON ON OFF ON OFF PV DC voltage within limits
WTG DC voltage out of limits
Pgtotal > PL, Ppv(t)=0, PWTG(t)>0
ON OFF ON OFF ON PV DC voltage out of limits
WTG DC voltage within limits
2
Pgtotal < PL, Ppv(t)=0, PWTG(t)>0
ON ON OFF OFF ON PV DC voltage out of limits
WTG DC voltage within limits
Pgtotal > PL, Ppv(t)>0, PWTG(t)>0
ON OFF ON ON ON PV DC voltage within limits
WTG DC voltage within limits
3
Pgtotal < PL , Ppv(t)>0, PWTG(t)>0
ON ON OFF ON ON PV DC voltage within limits
WTG DC voltage within limits
Pgtotal =0, Ppv(t)=0, PWTG(t)=0
4 OFF ON OFF OFF OFF WTG DC voltage out of limits
PV DC voltage out of limits
The ANN will send an ON-trip signal to switch S4
only if the following condition is realized:

430 < V < 550


dcpv

Else, the switch state is OFF.

On the other hand, the ANN will send an ON-trip


signal to switch S5 only if the following condition is
realized:
850 < V < 1370
dcw
Else, the switch state is OFF.
2-2 Load Characteristics
It is assumed here that the
load demand varies
monthly. This means that
each month has daily load
curve different from other
months. Therefore, there
are twelve daily load
curves through the year.
Fig. 2 shows the daily load
curves for January, April,
July and October [6].
Fig. 2. The daily load curves for January, April, July and
October [6].
Application and Results Fig.1

Figure 1 shows an overview of the power circuit and


control circuit of the proposed PV/WTG HEPS
interconnected with EU. The power circuit has been
controlled by using the proposed three layers neural
network as shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 Structure of the proposed three layers ANN used to interconnect PV/WTG HEPS
X1, X2, X3, X4 and t are the Five-input training matrix which
represent DC output voltage from PV system, DC output
voltage from WTG system, AC voltage of electric utility
power, load demand, and time respectively. W(1) and W(2)
represents the weight matrices. The network consists of five
input layers, ten nodes in hidden layers and five nodes in
output layer which sigmoid transfer function. The network has
been found after a series of tests and modifications.
This Figure shows the DC voltages from WTG
/1230

Fig. 4 DC output voltage from WTG during March, June, September


and December
This Figure shows the DC voltage from PV system.

Fig. 5 DC output voltage from PV array during March, June,


September and December
This Figure shows the evaluation of the 5+10+5 ANN errors.
This Figure sows the optimal Operation of the PV/Wind HEPS
interconnected to EU to feed the load demand during December
17
From this Fig. 7 it can
be seen that the deficit
energy has been taken
from EU and surplus
energy has been
injected to EU
through the day,
which represents the
month of December.

Fig. 7 Optimal Operation of the PV/Wind HEPS interconnected to EU


to feed the load demand during December
Figure 8 shows the difference between output from ANN and the
desired output for the test data of 120 examples (Five months). These
differences are displayed for switches S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5. From
this Figure, it can be seen that the ANN of 5+10+5 operates with a
high accuracy.

Fig. 8 Relation between outputs and target for five months


Figure 9 displays the output of the proposed ANN of 5+10+5 for month
of December using test data. This output may be 1 or 0 for each switch.

15
5

Fig. 9 Outputs of Neural Network for month of December


From Figures 7 and 9 (December) it can be noticed that the trip signal
which produced from ANN sent to switch S1 at hours 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23. This means that
the PV/WTG feed the load demand at these hours. On the other hand,
switch S2 (for example) equal to 1 at hours 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23 and 24 This means that the EU should supply
the load demand at these hours. On the other hand, the power injected to
EU through switch S3 at hours 1, 2, 3, 13, 20 and 21. From switch S1
and S2 it can be noticed that the hybrid PV/WTG with EU feed the load
demand at hours 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 22 and 23.
The electric utility feed the load demand without PV/WTG HEPS at hour
24. From switch S4 it can be seen that the PV system feed the load
demand at hours 8, 9, 10,11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 which there is no
radiation at hours 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24. On
the other hand, the WTG feed the load demand at hours 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9,
10, 13, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23. Which there is no wind speed or the DC
output voltages not lay within acceptable limits of PCU at hours 8, 11,
12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and 24 as shown in switch S5.
Conclusions
This paper presents one possible application of intelligent
system. The ANN proposed shows the importance of
establishing an optimized control, both in terms of the
selection of the optimal strategy, and of the relationship
between the power generated by the PV system, wind system,
EU and load profile. From the results obtained above the
following conclusions can be drawn from this paper:

1. A novel technique based on ANN is proposed to achieve


the optimal operation control strategy of PV/WTG
HEPS. This ANN operates the PV/WTG HEPS to feed
the load demand.
3.2. TheANN
4.The
Using5+10+5 aANN
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this is theaccuracy
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switching OFF. control of PV/WTG
PV/WTG
Then, the HEPS of
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as the at in
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Thanks for your listening

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