Homework on Chapter 8_ 2012 See Extra Credit at the End Questions from this HW will be on HW Quiz Monday April

16. 1) How did Tycho distinguish that the nova he saw was a star and not a comet? How did Tycho's level of accuracy compare to Hipparchus accuracy? Could Tycho measure the annual parallax of the stars? 412 2) How do we know that comets belong to the heavens and not the atmosphere? 418 3) How did Tycho's level of accuracy compare to Hipparchus accuracy? 416 By a factor of 10 416 4) How did Keplers laws make the description of the universe more elegant? 428-429 5) How would you draw an ellipse with pencil, paper, string and thumb tacks? 434 6) From the semi-major axis (radius) of the orbit of Io, and the period of each of the other four satellites of Jupiter, calculate the radius of the orbit of Europa and Ganymede in the units of 1000 km. Be careful with units Satellites of Jupiter Radius of Orbit (103 km) 422 671 1070 Period

Io Europa Ganymede

1.77 earth days 3.55 days 7.15 days

7) What ancient observations show that the all planetary orbits lie approximately in one plane? What observations about planetary motion support the idea that the solar system formed from a rotating cloud of interstellar gas? 8) Besides using ellipses, how did Keplers new model depart from Copernicuss sun-centric system? Why was Kepler still unsatisfied with the success of the elliptical construction for the planetary system? 9) Why do all planets revolve around the sun in the one direction, and also rotate around their axes in that same direction? 10) Why does the sun not collapse due to gravity? Why does the sun not blow up from the many nuclear fusion explosions? 11) Which of the following play a role in the formation of a star? interstellar clouds, fission of the uranium nucleus, fusion of hydrogen nuclei into helium nucleus, unity of space and time, equivalence of mass and energy, gravitation, rotation

12) Where did the elements from the periodic table come from? 13) If 60 billion neutrinos rain down on every square cm of the surface of the earth from the sun fusion reactions, determine how many neutrinos must leave the sun per second. You will need the earth-sun distance and the surface area of the earth (5.10072 10^13 square centimeters)

More about calculator. Extra Credit 5% NO COLLABORATIONS. DUPLICATES IN HAND-IN WILL GET NO EXTRA CREDIT Hand in hard copy in Lecture by May 1st. (no extensions)
Go to the Hubble Space Telescope Site http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/the_universe/titles/true/ Look at the pictures from the solar system, nebulae and other entities from our galaxy and from the extra galactic universe. Find examples of the following not shown in lecture. Print out a color picture. Do not show artist versions. Show real Hubble telescope pictures. Name the object. Write one or two sentences about the object. Include information about the location. (a) Close-up of any planet in our solar system (b) Close-up of a moon of one of our planets (c) Close-up of an asteroid (d) Comets core (e) Interstellar dust cloud (f) Proto-Planetary disk (g) Red-giant star (h) Nebula surrounding a star which has past the stage of burning H into He. (i) White dwarf star (j) Supernova remnant (k) Supernova remnant with neutron star (l) Galaxy with supernova (m) Galaxy farther than 100 M Light Years (n) Browse through the collection, pick any object you like and include its picture and description (o) Write a paragraph of personal reflections on the pictures. Has the space telescope been a worthy investment for our nation?