Construct Validity Definition: Construct validity is the extent to which a test measures the concept or construct that it is intended

to measure. Construct Validity Example: There are many possible examples of construct validity. For example, imagine that you were interested in developing a measure of perceived meaning in life. You could develop a questionnaire with questions that are intended to measure perceived meaning in life. If your measure of perceived meaning in life has high construct validity then higher scores on the measure should reflect greater perceived meaning in life. In order

to demonstrate construct validity, you may collect evidence that your measure of perceived meaning in life is highly correlated other measures of the same concept or construct. Moreover, people who peceive their lives as highly meaningful should score higher on your measure than people who perceive their lives as low in meaning.
criterion-related validity:
the degree of effectiveness with which performance on a test or procedure predicts performance in a real-life situation; e.g., a good correlation between a score on an intelligence test such as the Scholastic Aptitude Test and one's 4-year college grade point averag
Criterion-related Validity: A test is said to have criterion-related validity when the test has demonstrated its effectiveness in predicting criterion or indicators of a construct. There are two different types of criterion validity: Concurrent Validity occurs when the criterion measures are obtained at the same time as the test scores. This indicates the extent to which the test scores accurately estimate an individuals current state with regards to the criterion. For example, on a test that measures levels of depression, the test would be said to have concurrent validity if it measured the current levels of depression experienced by the test taker.

Predictive Validity occurs when the criterion measures are obtained at a time

after the test. Examples of test with predictive validity are career or aptitude tests, which are helpful in determining who is likely to succeed or fail in certain subjects or occupations. Construct Validity: A test has construct validity if it demonstrates an association between the test scores and the prediction of a theoretical trait. Intelligence tests are one example of measurement instruments that should have construct validity.

Reliability: consistency of a measure a test is considered reliable if get the same results repeatedly. Internal consistency reliability:

Ability to produce similar results using different samples to measure a phenomenon during the same time period.
Test-Retest Reliability To gauge test-retest reliability, the test is administered twice at two different points in time. This kind of reliability is used to assess the consistency of a test across time. This type of reliability assumes that there will be no change in the quality or construct being measured. Test-retest reliability is best used for things that are stable over time, such as intelligence. Generally, reliability will be higher when little time has passed between tests.