India

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This article is about the Republic of India. For other uses, see India (disambiguation).
Republic of India
*
Bhrat Gaarjya


Flag Emblem

Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
(Devangar)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"
[1]

Anthem:



Jana Gana Mana
Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people
[2]

National Song
[4]




Vande Mataram
I bow to thee, Mother
[3]


Area controlled by India in dark green;
Claimed but uncontrolled territories in light green
Capital
New Delhi
2836.8N 7712.5E28.6133N
77.2083E
Largest city Mumbai
Official language(s)
Hindi, English[show]

Recognised regional 8th Schedule:[show]
languages
National languages
None defined by the
Constitution
[6]

Demonym Indian
Government
Federal parliamentary
constitutional republic
[7]

- President Pratibha Patil
- Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (INC)
- Speaker of the House Meira Kumar (INC)
- Chief Justice S. H. Kapadia
Legislature Sansad
- Upper House Rajya Sabha
- Lower House Lok Sabha
Independence from the United Kingdom
- Declared 15 August 1947
- Republic 26 January 1950
Area
-

3,287,263 km
2

(7th)
1,269,219 sq mi
- Water (%) 9.56
Population
- 2011 census 1,210,193,422
[8]
(2nd)
- Density
365/km
2
(31st)
945.5/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2011 estimate
- Total $4.447 trillion
[9]
(3rd)
- Per capita $3,608
[9]

GDP (nominal) 2011 estimate
- Total $1.704 trillion
[9]
(10th)
- Per capita $1,382
[9]

Gini (2004) 36.8
[10]
(79th)
HDI (2010) 0.519
[11]
(medium) (119th)
Currency Indian rupee ( ) (INR)
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
- Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+5:30)
Date formats dd/mm/yyyy (AD)
Drives on the left
ISO 3166 code IN
Internet TLD
.in
International TLDs[show]

Calling code 91
Non-numbered Footnotes:[show]

India (
i
/ndi/), officially the Republic of India (Hindi: Bhrat Gaarjya; see also official names of India), is a country in
South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most
populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the
southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the northeast; and Bangladesh
and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar
Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilization and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with
its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.
[13]
Four of the world's major religionsHinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and
Sikhismoriginated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's
diverse culture.
[14]
Gradually annexed by the British East India Company from the early 18th century and colonized by the United Kingdom from
the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence which was marked by non-violent resistance
led by Mahatma Gandhi.
The Indian economy is the world's tenth largest economy by nominal GDP and fourth largest economy by purchasing power parity. Following
market-based economic reforms in 1991, India has become one of the fastest growing major economies, and is considered a newly industrialized
country; however, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, illiteracy, corruption and inadequate public health. A nuclear weapons state and
a regional power, it has the third-largest standing army in the world and ranks tenth in military expenditure among nations.
India is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 28 states and 7 union territories. It is one of the 5
BRICS nations. India is a pluralistic, multilingual, and multiethnic society. It is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected
habitats.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 History
o 2.1 Ancient India
o 2.2 Medieval India
o 2.3 Early modern India
o 2.4 Modern India
3 Geography
4 Biodiversity
5 Politics
o 5.1 Government
o 5.2 Administrative divisions
6 Foreign relations and military
7 Economy
8 Demographics
9 Culture
o 9.1 Society and traditions
o 9.2 Music, dance, theatre and cinema
o 9.3 Festivals
o 9.4 Sport
10 See also
11 Notes
12 Cited References
13 External links
Etymology
Main article: Names of India
The name India is derived from Indus, which is derived from the Old Persian word Hindu, from Sanskrit Sindhu, the historic local
appellation for the Indus River.
[15]
The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi (), the people of the Indus.
[16]
The Constitution of
India and usage in many Indian languages also recognises Bharat (pronounced [b'a:rt] ( listen)) as an official name of equal status.
[17]
The
name Bharat is derived from the name of the legendary king Bharata in Hindu scriptures. Hindustan ([hnd usta:n] ( listen)), originally a
Persian word for Land of the Hindus referring to northern India and Pakistan before 1947, is also occasionally used as a synonym for all of
India.
[18]

History
Main articles: History of India and History of the Republic of India
Ancient India
The earliest anatomically modern human remains found in South Asia are from approximately 30,000 years ago.
[19]
Near contemporaneous
Mesolithic rock art sites have been found in many parts of the Indian subcontinent, including at the Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya
Pradesh.
[20]
Around 7000 BCE, the first known neolithic settlements appeared on the subcontinent in Mehrgarh and other sites in western
Pakistan.
[21]
These gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilisation,
[22]
the first urban culture in South Asia,
[23]
which flourished during
25001900 BCE in Pakistan and western India.
[24]
Centred around cities such as Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Dholavira, and Kalibangan, and
relying on varied forms of subsistence, the civilisation engaged robustly in crafts production and wide-ranging trade.
[23]

During the period 2000 BCE500 BCE, many regions of the subcontinent evolved from copper age to iron age cultures.
[25]
The Vedas, the oldest
scriptures of Hinduism,
[26]
were composed during this period, and historians have analyzed these to posit a Vedic culture in the Punjab region
and the upper Ganges Plain.
[25]
Most historians also consider this period to have encompassed several waves of Indo-Aryan migration into the
subcontinent from the northwest.
[26]
The caste system, creating a social hierarchy, appeared during this period.
[27]
In the Deccan, archaeological
evidence from this period suggests the existence of a chiefdom stage of political organization.
[25]
In South India, the large number of megalithic
monuments found from this period,
[28]
and nearby evidence of agriculture, irrigation tanks, and craft traditions suggest progression to sedentary
life.
[28]



Paintings at the Ajanta Caves in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, sixth century
By the fifth century BCE, the small chiefdoms of the Ganges Plain and the northwest regions had consolidated into sixteen major oligarchies and
monarchies called Mahajanapadas.
[29]
The emerging urbanization as well as the orthodoxies of the late Vedic age created the religious reform
movements of Buddhism and Jainism.
[30]
Buddhism, based on the teachings of India's first historical figure, Gautam Buddha, attracted followers
from all social classes;
[31]
Jainism came into prominence around the same time during the life of its exemplar, Mahavira.
[32]
In an age of
increasing urban wealth, both religions held up renunciation as an ideal,
[33]
and both established long-lasting monasteries.
[34]
Politically, by the
3rd century BCE, the kingdom of Magadha had annexed or reduced other states to emerge as the Mauryan Empire.
[34]
The empire was once
thought to have controlled most of the subcontinent excepting the far south, but its core regions are now thought to have been separated by large
autonomous areas.
[35]
The Maurya kings are known as much for their empire building and determined management of public life as for Ashoka
the Great's renunciation of militarism and his far flung advocacy of the Buddhist dhamma.
[36]

The Sangam literature of the Tamil language reveals that during the period 200 BCE200 CE, the southern peninsula was being ruled by the
Cheras, the Cholas and the Pandyas, dynasties that traded extensively with the Roman Empire and with west and south-east Asia.
[37]
In north
India during the same time, Hinduism asserted patriarchal control within the family.
[38]
By the fourth and fifth centuries CE, the Gupta Empire
had created a complex administrative and taxation system in the greater Ganges Plain that became a model for later Indian kingdoms.
[39]
Under
the Guptas, a renewed Hinduism based on devotion rather than the management of ritual began to assert itself
[40]
and was reflected in a flowering
of sculpture and architecture, which found patrons among an urban elite.
[41]
Classical Sanskrit literature flowered as well, and Indian science,
astronomy, medicine, and mathematics made significant advances,
[41]

Medieval India
The Indian early medieval age (600 CE to 1200 CE) is defined by regional kingdoms and cultural diversity.
[42]
When Harsha of Kannauj, who
ruled much of the Ganges plain from 606 to 647 CE, attempted to expand southwards, he was defeated by the Chalukya ruler of the Deccan.
[43]

When his successor attempted to expand eastwards, he was defeated by the Pala king of Bengal.
[43]
When the Chalukyas attempted to expand
southwards, they were defeated by the Pallavas from farther south, who in turn were opposed by the Pandyas and the Cholas from still farther
south.
[43]
No ruler of this period was able to create an empire and consistently control lands much beyond his core region.
[42]
During this time,
pastoral peoples whose land had been cleared to make way for the growing agriculture economy were accommodated within caste society, as
were new non-traditional ruling classes.
[44]
The caste system consequently began to show regional differences.
[44]



The Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, in the state of Tamil Nadu, was built by the Cholas in 1010 CE.
In the sixth and seventh centuries CE, the first devotional hymns were created in the Tamil language.
[45]
These were imitated all over India and
led both to the resurgence of Hinduism and to the development of all the modern languages of the subcontinent.
[45]
Indian royalty, big and small,
and the temples they patronized drew citizens in great numbers to the capital cities, which became economic hubs as well.
[46]
Temple towns of
various sizes began to appear everywhere as India underwent another urbanisation.
[46]
By the eight and ninth centuries, the effects were evident
elsewhere as well as South Indian culture and political systems were being exported to Southeast Asia, in particular to what today are Thailand,
Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Java.
[47]
Indian merchants, scholars, and sometimes armies were involved in this transmission, and
south-east Asians took the initiative as well with many sojourning in Indian seminaries and translating Buddhist and Hindu texts into their
languages.
[47]

After the tenth century, Muslim Central Asian nomadic clans, using swift horse cavalry and raising vast armies united by ethnicity and religion,
repeatedly overran South Asia's north-western plains, and led eventually to the establishment of the Islamic Delhi Sultanate in 1206.
[48]
The
Sultanate was to control much of North India, and to make many forays into South India. Although at first disruptive for the Indian elites, the
Sultanate largely left its vast non-Muslim subject population to its own laws and customs.
[49]
By repeatedly repulsing the Mongol raiders in the
thirteenth century, the Sultanate saved India from the destruction seen in west and central Asia, and set the scene for centuries of migration of
fleeing soldiers, learned men, mystics, traders, artists, and artisans from that region into India, thereby creating a syncretic Indo-Islamic culture
in the north.
[50]
The Sultanate's raiding and weakening of the regional kingdoms of South India, paved the way for the indigenous Vijayanagara
Empire.
[51]
Embracing a strong Shaivite tradition and building upon the military technology of the Sultanate, the empire came to control much of
peninsular India,
[52]
and to influence the society and culture of South India for long afterwards.
[51]

Early modern India


Scribes and artists in the Mughal court, 15901595.
In the early sixteenth century, northern India, being ruled then mainly by Muslim rulers,
[53]
fell again to the superior mobility and firepower of a
new generation of Central Asian warriors.
[54]
The Mughal empire, which resulted, did not stamp out the local societies it came to rule, but rather
balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices,
[55]
and diverse and inclusive ruling elites,
[56]
leading to more systematic,
centralized and uniform rule.
[57]
Eschewing tribal bonds and Islamic identity, especially under Akbar, the Mughals united their far flung realms
through loyalty, expressed through a Persianized culture, to an emperor who had near divine status.
[56]
The Mughal state's economic policies,
deriving most revenues from agriculture,
[58]
and mandating that taxes be paid in the well-regulated silver currency,
[59]
caused peasants and
artisans to enter larger markets.
[57]
The relative peace maintained by the empire during much of the seventeenth century was a factor in India's
economic expansion,
[57]
and resulted in greater patronage of painting, literary forms, textiles, and architecture.
[60]
Newly coherent social groups
in northern and western India, such as the Marathas, the Rajputs, and the Sikhs gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule,
which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience.
[61]
Expanding commerce during Mughal rule
gave rise to new Indian commercial and political elites in the southern and eastern coastal India.
[61]
As the empire disintegrated, many among
these elites were able to seek and control their own affairs.
[62]

By the early 18th century, with the lines between commercial and political dominance being increasingly blurred, a number of European trading
companies, including the English East India Company, had established outposts on the coast of India.
[63]
The East India Company's control of
the seas, its greater resources, and its army's more advanced training methods and technology, led it to increasingly flex its military muscle and
caused it to become attractive to a portion of the Indian elite; both these factors were crucial in the Company becoming the ruler of the Bengal
region by 1765, and sidelining the other European companies.
[64]
Its further access to the riches of Bengal and the subsequent increased strength
and size of its army enabled it to annex or subdue most of India by the 1820s.
[65]
India was now no longer exporting manufactured goods as it
long had, but was instead supplying the British empire with raw materials, and most historians consider this to be the true onset of India's
colonial period.
[66]
By this time also, with its economic power severely curtailed by the British parliament and effectively now an arm of British
administration, the Company began to more consciously enter non-economic arenas such as education, social reform, and culture.
[67]

Modern India


British Indian Empire, 1909
Depending upon the historian, India's modern age begins variously in 1848, when with the appointment of Lord Dalhousie as Governor General
of the Company rule in India, changes essential to a modern state, including the consolidation and demarcation of sovereignty, the surveillance
of the population, and the education of citizens, were put in place, and technological changes, among them, railways, canals, and telegraph were
introduced not long after being introduced in Europe;
[68]
1857, when disaffection with the Company's rule, set off by diverse resentments, which
included British social reforms, harshness of land taxes, and the humiliation of landed and princely aristocracy, led to the Indian rebellion of
1857 in many parts of northern India;
[69]
1858, when after the suppression of the rebellion, the British government took over the direct
administration of India, and proclaimed a unitary state, which on the one hand envisaged a limited and gradual British-style parliamentary
system, but on the other hand protected India's princes and large landlords as a feudal safeguard;
[70]
and 1885, when the founding of the Indian
National Congress marked the beginning of a period in which public life emerged at an all-India level.
[71]



Jawaharlal Nehru (left) became India's first prime minister in 1947. Mahatma Gandhi (right) was a political and ideological leader during the
Indian Independence Movement.
Although the rush of technology and the commercialization of agriculture in the second half of the 19th century was marked by economic
setbacksmany small farmers became dependent on the whims of far away markets,
[72]
there was an increase in the number of large-scale
famines,
[73]
and, despite the Indian taxpayers enduring the risks of infrastructure development, little industrial employment was generated for
Indians,
[74]
there were also salutary effects: commercial cropping, especially in the newly canalled Punjab, increased food production for
internal consumption,
[75]
the railway network provided critical famine relief,
[76]
reduced notably the cost of moving goods,
[76]
and helped the
nascent Indian owned industry.
[75]
After the first world war, in which some one million Indians served,
[77]
a new period began, which was
marked by British reforms, but also repressive legislation, by more strident Indian calls for self-rule, and by the beginnings of a nonviolent
movement of non-cooperation, of which Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi would become the leader and enduring symbol.
[78]
During the 1930s,
slow legislative reform was enacted by the British and the Indian National Congress won victories in the resulting elections.
[79]
However, the
next decade would be beset with crises, which included, the second world war, the Congress's final push of non-cooperation, and the upsurge of
Muslim nationalismall capped by the independence of India in 1947, but tempered by the bloody partition of the subcontinent into two
states.
[80]

Vital to India's self-image as an independent nation was its constitution, completed in 1950, which put in place a sovereign, secular, democratic
republic.
[81]
In the 60 years since, India has had a mixed bag of successes and failures.
[82]
On the positive side, it has remained a democracy with
many civil liberties, an activist Supreme Court, and an independent press;
[82]
economic liberalization in the 1990s, has created a large urban
middle-class, transformed India into one of the fastest-growing economies in the world,
[83]
and increased its global clout; and Indian movies,
new music, and spiritual teachings, have increasingly contributed to global culture.
[82]
However, on the negative side, India has been weighed
down with seemingly unyielding poverty, both rural and urban;
[82]
by religious and caste-related violence,
[84]
by the insurgencies of Maoist
inspired Naxalites,
[85]
and separatists in Jammu and Kashmir;
[86]
India has unresolved territorial disputes with the People's Republic of China,
which escalated into the Sino-Indian War of 1962,
[87]
with Pakistan which resulted in wars in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999,
[88]
and nuclear rivalry
which came to a head in 1998.
[89]
India's sustained democratic freedoms, for over 60 years, are unique among the world's new nations; however,
in spite of its recent economic successes, freedom from want for its disadvantaged population, remains a goal yet to be achieved.
[90]

Geography
Main article: Geography of India
See also: Geology of India


Topographic map of India.
India, the major portion of the Indian subcontinent, lies atop the Indian tectonic plate, a minor plate within the Indo-Australian Plate.
[91]
India's
defining geological processes commenced seventy-five million years ago when the Indian subcontinent, then part of the southern supercontinent
Gondwana, began a northeastwards driftlasting fifty million yearsacross the then unformed Indian Ocean.
[91]
The subcontinent's subsequent
collision with the Eurasian Plate and subduction under it gave rise to the Himalayas, the planet's highest mountains, which abut India in the north
and the north-east.
[91]
In the former seabed immediately south of the emerging Himalayas, plate movement created a vast trough which, having
gradually been filled with river-borne sediment,
[92]
now forms the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
[93]
To the west lies the Thar Desert, which is cut off by
the Aravalli Range.
[94]

The original Indian plate survives as peninsular India, the oldest and geologically most stable part of India and extends as far north as the
Satpura and Vindhya ranges in central India. These parallel ranges run from the Arabian Sea coast in Gujarat in the west to the coal-rich Chota
Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand in the east.
[95]
To the south the remaining peninsular landmass, the Deccan Plateau, is flanked on the west and east
by the coastal ranges, Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats respectively;
[96]
the plateau contains the oldest rock formations in India, some over one
billion years old. Constituted in such fashion, India lies to the north of the equator between 644' and 3530' north latitude
[97]
and 687' and
9725' east longitude.
[98]



The Himalayas form the mountainous landscape of northern India. Seen here is the Kedar range behind the Kedarnath Temple, an area of
religious and cultural significance.
India's coast is 7,517 kilometres (4,700 mi) long; of this distance, 5,423 kilometres (3,400 mi) belong to peninsular India and 2,094 kilometres
(1,300 mi) to the Andaman, Nicobar, and Lakshadweep Islands.
[99]
According to the Indian naval hydrographic charts, the mainland coast
consists of the following: 43% sandy beaches, 11% rocky coast including cliffs, and 46% mudflats or marshy coast.
[99]

Major Himalayan-origin rivers that substantially flow through India include the Ganges (Ganga) and the Brahmaputra, both of which drain into
the Bay of Bengal.
[100]
Important tributaries of the Ganges include the Yamuna and the Kosi; the latter's extremely low gradient causes disastrous
floods every year. Major peninsular rivers, whose steeper gradients prevent their waters from flooding, include the Godavari, the Mahanadi, the
Kaveri, and the Krishna, which also drain into the Bay of Bengal;
[101]
and the Narmada and the Tapti, which drain into the Arabian Sea.
[102]

Among notable coastal features of India are the marshy Rann of Kutch in western India, and the alluvial Sundarbans delta, which India shares
with Bangladesh.
[103]
India has two archipelagos: the Lakshadweep, coral atolls off India's south-western coast; and the Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, a volcanic chain in the Andaman Sea.
[104]

India's climate is strongly influenced by the Himalayas and the Thar Desert, both of which drive the monsoons.
[105]
The Himalayas prevent cold
Central Asian katabatic winds from blowing in, keeping the bulk of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations at similar
latitudes.
[106][107]
The Thar Desert plays a crucial role in attracting the moisture-laden southwest summer monsoon winds that, between June and
October, provide the majority of India's rainfall.
[105]
Four major climatic groupings predominate in India: tropical wet, tropical dry, subtropical
humid, and montane.
[108]

Biodiversity
Main article: Wildlife of India
See also: List of ecoregions in India


The Indian peacock is India's national bird and is found in moist and dry-deciduous forests, cultivation, and precincts of villages of India.
[109]

Lying within the Indomalaya ecozone with three hotspots located within its area, India displays significant biodiversity.
[110]
As one of the
seventeen megadiverse countries, it is home to 7.6% of all mammalian, 12.6% of all avian, 6.2% of all reptilian, 4.4% of all amphibian, 11.7% of
all fish, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species.
[111]
Many ecoregions such as the shola forests exhibit high rates of endemism; overall, 33% of
Indian plant species are endemic.
[112]
India's forest cover ranges from the tropical rainforest of the Andaman Islands, Western Ghats, and
northeastern India to the coniferous forest of the Himalaya. Between these extremes lie the sal-dominated moist deciduous forest of eastern
India; the teak-dominated dry deciduous forest of central and southern India; and the babul-dominated thorn forest of the central Deccan and
western Gangetic plain.
[113]
Under 12% of India's landmass is covered by dense forests.
[114]
Important Indian trees include the medicinal neem,
widely used in rural Indian herbal remedies. The pipal fig tree, shown on the seals of Mohenjo-daro, shaded Gautama Buddha as he sought
enlightenment.
Many Indian species are descendants of taxa originating in Gondwana, from which the Indian plate separated a long time ago. Peninsular India's
subsequent movement towards and collision with the Laurasian landmass set off a mass exchange of species. However, volcanism and climatic
changes 20 million years ago caused the extinction of many endemic Indian forms.
[115]
Soon thereafter, mammals entered India from Asia
through two zoogeographical passes on either side of the emerging Himalaya.
[113]
Consequently, among Indian species only 12.6% of mammals
and 4.5% of birds are endemic, contrasting with 45.8% of reptiles and 55.8% of amphibians.
[111]
Notable endemics are the Nilgiri leaf monkey
and Beddome's toad of the Western Ghats. India contains 172, or 2.9%, of IUCN-designated threatened species.
[116]
These include the Asiatic
Lion, the Bengal Tiger, and the Indian white-rumped vulture, which nearly became extinct by ingesting the carrion of diclofenac-treated cattle.
In recent decades, human encroachment has posed a threat to India's wildlife; in response, the system of national parks and protected areas, first
established in 1935, was substantially expanded. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act
[117]
and Project Tiger to safeguard crucial
habitat; in addition, the Forest Conservation Act was enacted in 1980 and amendments added in 1988.
[118]
Along with more than five hundred
wildlife sanctuaries, India hosts thirteen biosphere reserves,
[119]
four of which are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves; twenty-five
wetlands are registered under the Ramsar Convention.
[120]

Politics
Main article: Politics of India


The Secretariat Building, in New Delhi, houses key government offices.
India is the most populous democracy in the world.
[121][122]
A parliamentary republic with a multi-party system,
[123]
it has six recognised national
parties, including the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and more than 40 regional parties.
[124]
The Congress is
considered centre-left or "liberal" in Indian political culture, and the BJP centre-right or "conservative". For most of the period between 1950
when India first became a republic and the late 1980s, the Congress held a majority in the parliament. Since then, however, it has increasingly
shared the political stage with the BJP,
[125]
as well as with powerful regional parties which have often forced the creation of multi-party
coalitions at the Centre.
[126]

In the Republic of India's first three general elections, in 1951, 1957 and 1962, the Jawaharlal Nehru-led Congress won easy victories. On
Nehru's death in 1964, Lal Bahadur Shastri briefly became prime minister; he was succeeded, after his own unexpected death in 1966, by Indira
Gandhi, who went on to lead the Congress to election victories in 1967 and 1971. Following public discontent with the state of emergency she
declared in 1975, the Congress was voted out of power in 1977, and a new party, the Janata Party which had opposed the emergency was voted
in. Its government proved short-lived, lasting just over three years. Back in power in 1980, the Congress saw a change in leadership in 1984,
when Indira Gandhi was assassinated and succeeded by her son Rajiv Gandhi, who won an easy victory in the general elections later that year.
The Congress was voted out again in 1989 when a National Front coalition, led by the newly formed Janata Dal in alliance with the Left Front,
won the elections; that government too proved short-lived lasting just under two years.
[127]
Elections were held again in 1991 in which no party
won an absolute majority, but the Congress as the largest single party was able to form a minority government, led by P.V. Narasimha Rao.
[128]

The two years after the general election of 1996 were years of political turmoil, with several short-lived alliances sharing power at the centre.
The BJP formed a government briefly in 1996; it was followed by two relatively longer-lasting United Front coalitions, which depended on
external support. In 1998, the BJP was able to form a successful coalition, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), which under the leadership
of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, became the first non-Congress government to complete a full five-year term.
[129]
In the 2004 Indian general elections,
again no party won an absolute majority, but the Congress emerged as the largest single party, forming a successful coalition, the United
Progressive Alliance (UPA), with the support of left-leaning parties and MPs opposed to the BJP. The UPA coalition was returned to power in
the 2009 general election, with increased numbers that ensured it no longer required external support from India's Communist parties.
[130]
That
year, Manmohan Singh became the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru in 1957 and 1962 to be re-elected to a second consecutive five-
year term.
[131]

Government
Main articles: Government of India, Constitution of India, and Elections in India
India is a federation with a parliamentary system governed under the Constitution of India.
[134]

It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy, in which "majority rule is
tempered by minority rights protected by law." Federalism in India defines the power
distribution between the federal government and the states. The government is regulated by
checks and balances defined by Indian Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme
legal document. The Constitution of India, which came into effect on 26 January 1950,
[135]

states in its preamble that India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.
[136]

India's form of government, traditionally described as 'quasi-federal' with a strong centre and
weak states,
[137]
has grown increasingly federal since the late 1990s as a result of political,
economic and social changes.
[138]

The federal government is composed of three branches:
Executive: The President of India is the head of state
[139]
elected indirectly by an electoral
college
[140]
for a five-year term.
[141][142]
The Prime Minister of India is the head of
government and exercises most executive power.
[139]
Appointed by the president,
[143]
the
prime minister is by convention supported by the party or political alliance holding the
majority of seats in the lower house of parliament.
[139]
The executive branch of the Indian
government consists of the president, the vice-president, and the council of ministers (the
cabinet being its executive committee) headed by the prime minister. Any minister
holding a portfolio must be a member of one of the houses of parliament. In the Indian
parliamentary system, the executive is subordinate to the legislature, with the prime
minister and his council directly responsible to the lower house of the parliament.
[144]

Legislative: The legislature of India is the bicameral parliament, operating under a Westminster-style parliamentary system, and comprising
the upper house called the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the lower called the Lok Sabha (House of People).
[145]
The Rajya Sabha, a
permanent body, has 245 members serving staggered six year terms.
[146]
Most are elected indirectly by the state and territorial legislatures,
National Symbols of India
[132][133]

Flag Tricolour
Emblem Sarnath Lion Capital
Anthem Jana Gana Mana
Song Vande Mataram
Animal Royal Bengal Tiger
Bird Indian Peacock
Aquatic animal Dolphin
Flower Lotus

Tree Banyan

Fruit Mango

Game Field hockey

Calendar Saka

River Ganges

their numbers in proportion to their state's population.
[146]
All but two of the Lok Sabha's 545 members are directly elected by popular vote
to represent individual constituencies for five-year terms.
[146]
The remaining two members are nominated by the president from among the
Anglo-Indian community, in case the president decides that the community is not adequately represented.
[146]

Judicial: India has a unitary three-tier judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Court, headed by the Chief Justice of India, 21 High Courts, and a
large number of trial courts.
[147]
The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over cases involving fundamental rights and over disputes
between states and the Centre and appellate jurisdiction over the High Courts.
[148]
It is judicially independent
[147]
and has the power both to
declare the law and to strike down union or state laws which contravene the constitution.
[149]
The Supreme Court is also the ultimate
interpreter of the constitution.
[150]

Administrative divisions
Main article: Administrative divisions of India
India is a federation composed of 28 states and 7 union territories.
[151]
All states, as well as the union territories of Puducherry and the National
Capital Territory of Delhi, have elected legislatures and governments, both patterned on the Westminster model. The remaining five union
territories are directly ruled by the Centre through appointed administrators. In 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, states were
reorganised on a linguistic basis.
[152]
Since then, their structure has remained largely unchanged. Each state or union territory is further divided
into administrative districts.
[153]
The districts in turn are further divided into tehsils and ultimately into villages.


The 28 states and 7 union territories of India
States:
1. Andhra Pradesh
2. Arunachal Pradesh
3. Assam
4. Bihar
5. Chhattisgarh
6. Goa
7. Gujarat
8. Haryana
9. Himachal Pradesh
10. Jammu and Kashmir
11. Jharkhand
12. Karnataka
13. Kerala
14. Madhya Pradesh
15. Maharashtra
16. Manipur
17. Meghalaya
18. Mizoram
19. Nagaland
20. Orissa
21. Punjab
22. Rajasthan
23. Sikkim
24. Tamil Nadu
25. Tripura
26. Uttar Pradesh
27. Uttarakhand
28. West Bengal
Union Territories:
A. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
B. Chandigarh
C. Dadra and Nagar Haveli
D. Daman and Diu
E. Lakshadweep
F. National Capital Territory of Delhi
G. Puducherry

Foreign relations and military
Main articles: Foreign relations of India and Indian Armed Forces


India and Russia share an extensive economic, defence and technological relationship.
[154]
Shown here is PM Manmohan Singh with President
Dmitry Medvedev at the 34th G8 Summit.
Since its independence in 1947, India has maintained cordial relations with most nations. In the 1950s, it strongly supported the independence of
European colonies in Africa and Asia and played a pioneering role in the Non-Aligned Movement.
[155]
In the late 1980s, India made two brief
military interventions at the invitation of neighbouring countries, one by the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka and the other, Operation
Cactus, in the Maldives. However, India has had a tense relationship with neighbouring Pakistan, and the two countries have gone to war four
times, in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999. The Kashmir dispute was the predominant cause of these wars, except in 1971 which followed the civil
unrest in erstwhile East Pakistan.
[156]
After the India-China War of 1962 and the 1965 war with Pakistan, India proceeded to develop close
military and economic ties with the Soviet Union; by late 1960s, the Soviet Union had emerged as India's largest arms supplier.
[157]

Today, in addition to the continuing strategic relations with Russia, India has wide ranging defence relations with Israel and France. In recent
years, India has played an influential role in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and the World Trade Organization.
[158]
The
nation has provided 100,000 military and police personnel to serve in thirty-five UN peacekeeping operations across four continents.
[159]
India is
also an active participant in various multilateral forums, most notably the East Asia Summit and the G8+5.
[160][161]
In the economic sphere, India
has close relationships with the developing nations of South America, Asia and Africa. For about a decade now, India has also pursued a "Look
East" policy which has helped it strengthen its partnerships with the ASEAN nations, Japan and South Korea on a wide range of issues but
especially economic investment and regional security.
[162][163]



The HAL Tejas.
[164]

China's nuclear test of 1964 as well as its repeated threats to intervene in support of Pakistan in the 1965 war convinced India to develop nuclear
weapons of its own.
[165]
India conducted its first nuclear weapons test in 1974 and carried out further underground testing in 1998. Despite
criticism and military sanctions, India has signed neither the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) nor the NPT, considering both to
be flawed and discriminatory.
[166]
India maintains a "no first use" nuclear policy and is developing a nuclear triad capability as a part of its
"minimum credible deterrence" doctrine.
[167][168]
It is also developing a ballistic missile defence shield and, in collaboration with Russia, a fifth
generation fighter jet.
[169][170]
Other major indigenous military development projects include Vikrant class aircraft carriers and Arihant class
nuclear submarines.
[171][172]

Recently, India has also increased its economic, strategic and military cooperation with the United States and the European Union.
[173]
In 2008, a
civilian nuclear agreement was signed between India and the United States. Although India possessed nuclear weapons at the time and was not
party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), it received waivers from the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Nuclear
Suppliers Group (NSG), ending earlier restrictions on India's nuclear technology and commerce. As a consequence, India has become the world's
sixth de facto nuclear weapons state.
[174]
Following the NSG waiver, India was also able to sign civilian nuclear energy cooperation agreements
with other nations, including Russia,
[175]
France,
[176]
the United Kingdom,
[177]
and Canada.
[178]

With 1.3 million active troops, the Indian military is the third largest in the world.
[179]
India's armed forces consists of an Indian Army, Navy, Air
Force, and auxiliary forces such as the Paramilitary Forces, the Coast Guard, and the Strategic Forces Command.
[180]
The President of India is
the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The official Indian defence budget for 2011 stands at US$36.03 billion (or 1.83% of
GDP).
[181]
According to a 2008 SIPRI report, India's annual military expenditure in terms of purchasing power stood at US$72.7 billion,
[182]
In
2011 the annual defence budget increased by 11.6 per cent,
[183]
although this does not include money that goes to the military through other
branches of government.
[184]
India has become the world's largest arms importer, receiving 9% of all international arms transfers during the
period from 2006 to 2010.
[185]
Much of the military expenditure is focused on defence against Pakistan and countering growing Chinese
influence in the Indian Ocean.
[183]

Economy
Main article: Economy of India
See also: Economic history of India, Economic development in India, and Transport in India


The Bombay Stock Exchange is Asia's oldest and India's largest stock exchange by market capitalisation.
According to the International Monetary Fund, India's nominal GDP for 2010 was US$1.538 trillion and its estimated GDP for 2011 is US$1.7
trillion, making it the tenth-largest economy in the world.
[186]
In terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), India's economy is the fourth largest in
the world at US$4.06 trillion.
[186]
With its average annual GDP growing at 5.8% for the past two decades, and at 10.4% during 2010,
[187]
India is
also one of the fastest growing economies in the world.
[188]
However, India's per capita income at current prices for 2009 was US$1,058; its
estimated per capita incomes at current prices for 2010 and 2011 are US$1,265, and US$1,382, respectively; and its estimated per capita income
at purchasing power parity (PPP) for 2010 is US$3,339.
[186]
India ranks 138th in nominal GDP per capita and 129th in GDP per capita at PPP
among all countries of the world.
Until 1991, all Indian governments followed protectionist policies that were influenced by socialist economics. Widespread state intervention
and regulation
[189]
caused the Indian economy to be largely closed to the outside world. After an acute balance of payments crisis in 1991, the
nation liberalised its economy and has since continued to move towards a free-market system,
[190][191]
emphasizing both foreign trade and
investment.
[192]
Consequently, India's economic model is now being described overall as capitalist.
[191]

With 467 million workers, India has the world's second largest labour force.
[193]
The service sector makes up 54% of the GDP, the agricultural
sector 28%, and the industrial sector 18%. Major agricultural products include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, and potatoes.
[151]

Major industries include textiles, telecommunications, chemicals, food processing, steel, transport equipment, cement, mining, petroleum,
machinery and software.
[151]
By 2006, India's external trade had reached a relatively moderate proportion of GDP at 24%, up from 6% in
1985.
[190]
In 2008, India's share of world trade was 1.68%;
[194]
India was the world's fifteenth largest importer in 2009 and the eighteenth largest
exporter.
[195]
Major exports include petroleum products, textile goods, jewelry, software, engineering goods, chemicals, and leather
manufactures.
[151]
Major imports include crude oil, machinery, gems, fertiliser, chemicals.
[151]



Tata Nano, the world's cheapest car.
[196]
India is the world's number one producer of basic cars.
[197]

Averaging an economic growth rate of 7.5% during the last few years,
[190]
India has more than doubled its hourly wage rates during the last
decade.
[198]
Moreover, since 1985, India has moved 431 million of its citizens out of poverty, and by 2030, India's middle class numbers will
grow to more than 580 million.
[199]
Although ranking 51st in global competitiveness, India ranks 17th in financial market sophistication, 24th in
the banking sector, 44th in business sophistication and 39th in innovation, ahead of several advanced economies.
[200]
With 7 of the world's top 15
technology outsourcing companies based in India, the country is viewed as the second most favourable outsourcing destination after the United
States.
[201]
India's consumer market, currently the world's thirteenth largest, is expected to become fifth largest by 2030.
[199]
Its
telecommunication industry, the world's fastest growing, added 227 million subscribers during 201011.
[202]
Its automobile industry, the world's
second-fastest growing, increased domestic sales by 26% during 200910,
[203]
and exports by 36% during 200809.
[204]

Despite impressive economic growth during recent decades, India continues to face socio-economic challenges. India contains the largest
concentration of people living below the World Bank's international poverty line of $1.25/day,
[205]
the proportion having decreased from 60% in
1981 to 42% in 2005.
[206]
Half of the children in India are underweight,
[207]
and 46% of children under the age of three suffer from
malnutrition.
[205]
Since 1991, economic inequality between India's states has consistently grown: the per capita net state domestic product of the
richest states in 2007 was 3.2 times that of the poorest.
[208]
Corruption in India is perceived to have increased significantly,
[209]
with one report
estimating the illegal capital flows since independence to be US$462 billion.
[210]
Driven by growth, India's nominal GDP per capita has steadily
increased from U$329 in 1991, when economic liberalization began, to US$1,265 in 2010, and is estimated to increase to US$2,110 by 2016;
however, it has always remained lower than those of other Asian developing countries such as Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka,
and Thailand, and is expected to remain so in the near future.
[211]

According to a 2011 PwC report, India's GDP at purchasing power parity will overtake Japan's during 2011 and the United States by 2045.
[212]

Moreover, during the next four decades, India's economy is expected to grow at an average of 8%, making the nation potentially the world's
fastest growing major economy until 2050.
[212]
The report also highlights some of the key factors behind high economic growth a young and
rapidly growing working age population; the growth of the manufacturing sector due to rising levels of education and engineering skills; and
sustained growth of the consumer market because of a rapidly growing middle class.
[212]
However, the World Bank cautions that for India to
achieve its economic potential, it must continue to focus on public sector reform, transport infrastructure, agricultural and rural development,
removal of labour regulations, education, energy security, and public health and nutrition.
[213]

Demographics
Main article: Demographics of India
See also: Ethnic groups of South Asia and List of most populous metropolitan areas in India


Population density map of India.
With 1,210,193,422 citizens reported in the 2011 provisional Census,
[8]
India is the world's second most populous country. India's population
grew at 1.76% per annum during the last decade,
[8]
down from 2.13% per annum in the previous decade (19912001).
[214]
The human sex ratio in
India, according to the 2011 census, is 940 females per 1,000 males,
[8]
the lowest since independence. India's median age was 24.9 in the 2001
census.
[180]
Medical advances of the last 50 years as well increased agricultural productivity brought about by the "green revolution" have caused
India's population to grow rapidly.
[215][216]
The percentage of Indian population living in urban areas has grown as well, increasing by 31.2%
from 1991 to 2001.
[217]
Despite this, in 2001 over 70% of India's population continued to live in rural areas.
[218][219]
According to the 2001
census, there are 27 million-plus cities in India,
[217]
with Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata being the largest.
India's overall literacy rate in 2011 is 74.04%, its female literacy rate standing at 65.46% and its male at 82.14%.
[8]
The state of Kerala has the
highest literacy rate, whereas Bihar has the lowest.
[220][221]
India continues to face several public health-related challenges.
[222][223]
According to
the World Health Organization, 900,000 Indians die each year from drinking contaminated water or breathing polluted air.
[224]
There are about
60 physicians per 100,000 people in India.
[225]

The Indian Constitution recognises 212 scheduled tribal groups which together constitute about 7.5% of the country's population.
[226]
The 2001
census reported the religion in India with the largest number of followers was Hinduism, with over 800 million (80.5%) of the population
recording it as their religion. Other religious groups include Muslims (13.4%), Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.9%), Buddhists (0.8%), Jains (0.4%),
Jews, Zoroastrians and Bah's.
[227]
India has the world's third-largest Muslim population and the largest Muslim population for a non-Muslim
majority country.
India is home to two major language families: Indo-Aryan (spoken by about 74% of the population) and Dravidian (spoken by about 24%).
Other languages spoken in India come from the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman language families. India has no national language.
[228]
Hindi,
with the largest number of speakers,
[229]
is the official language of the union.
[230]
English is used extensively in business and administration and
has the status of a 'subsidiary official language;'
[231]
it is also important in education, especially as a medium of higher education. Every state and
union territory has its own official languages, and the constitution recognises in particular 21 "scheduled languages".
Culture
Main article: Culture of India


The Taj Mahal in Agra was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as a memorial to his deceased wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is a UNESCO World
Heritage Site considered to be of "outstanding universal value".
[232]

Formative in India's 4,500 years old culture
[233]
is the Vedic age in which were laid the foundation of Hindu philosophy, mythology, literary
traditions, beliefs and practices, such as dhrma, krma, yga and moka;
[234]
distinctive in this culture are its diverse religions, which include
Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam, Christianity and Jainism.
[235]
The predominant religion, Hinduism, has been shaped by the various schools of thought
including those of the Upanishads,
[236]
the Yoga Sutras, the Bhakti movement,
[235]
and by Buddhist philosophy
[237]

Indian architecture represents the diversity of Indian culture. Much of it, including notable monuments such as the Taj Mahal and other examples
of Mughal architecture and South Indian architecture, comprises a blend of ancient and varied local traditions from several parts of the country
and abroad.
[238]
Vernacular architecture also displays notable regional variation.
Indian cuisine is best known for its delicate use of herbs and spices and for its tandoori grilling techniques. The tandoor, a clay oven in use for
almost 5,000 years in India, is known for its ability to grill meats to an 'uncommon succulence' and for the puffy flatbread known as the naan.
[239]

The staple foods in the region are rice (especially in the south and the east), wheat (predominantly in the north)
[240]
and lentils.
[241]
Many spices
which are consumed world wide are originally native to the Indian subcontinent. Chili pepper which was introduced by the Portuguese is widely
used in Indian cuisine.
[242]

The earliest literary writings in India, composed between 1,400 BCE and 1,200 AD, were in the Sanskrit language.
[243][244]
Prominent works of
this Sanskrit literature include epics such as Mahbhrata and Ramayana, the dramas of Kalidasa such as the Abhijnakuntalam (The
Recognition of akuntal), and poetry such as the Mahkvya.
[245]
Developed between 600 BCE and 300 AD in Southern India, the Sangam
literature consisting of 2,381 poems is regarded as a predecessor of Tamil literature.
[246][247][248]
From the 14th century AD to 18th century AD,
India's literary traditions went through a period of drastic change because of the emergence of devotional poets such as Kabr, Tulsds and Guru
Nnak. This period was characterised by varied and wide spectrum of thought and expression and as a consequence, medieval Indian literary
works differed significantly from classical traditions.
[249]
In the 19th century, Indian writers took a new interest in social questions and
psychological descriptions. During the 20th century, Indian literature was heavily influenced by the works of universally acclaimed Bengali poet
and novelist Rabindranath Tagore.
[250]

Society and traditions


The Swaminarayan movement is closely associated with the culture and the linguistic traditions of the Gujarati people.
[251]
Shown here is the
Swaminarayan Akshardham in Delhi, the world's largest Hindu temple complex.
[252]

Traditional Indian society is defined by relatively strict social hierarchy. The Indian caste system describes the social stratification and social
restrictions in the Indian subcontinent, in which social classes are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed as jtis
or castes.
[253]
Several influential social reform movements, such as the Brahmo Samaj, the Arya Samaj and the Ramakrishna Mission, have
played a pivotal role in the emancipation of Dalits (or "untouchables") and other lower-caste communities in India.
[254]
However, the majority of
Dalits continue to live in segregation and are often persecuted and discriminated against.
[255]

Traditional Indian family values are highly valued, and multi-generational patriarchal joint families have been the norm in India, though nuclear
families are becoming common in urban areas.
[256]
An overwhelming majority of Indians, with their consent, have their marriages arranged by
their parents or other family members.
[257]
Marriage is thought to be for life,
[257]
and the divorce rate is extremely low.
[258]
Child marriage is still
a common practice, more so in rural India, with more than half of women in India marrying before the legal age of 18.
[259]

Many Indian festivals are religious in origin. The best known include Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi, Thai Pongal, Holi, Durga Puja, Eid ul-Fitr,
Bakr-Id, Christmas, and Vaisakhi.
[260][261]
India has three national holidays which are observed in all states and union territories Republic Day,
Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti. Other sets of holidays, varying between nine and twelve, are officially observed in individual states.
Traditional Indian dress varies across the regions in its colours and styles and depends on various factors, including climate. Popular styles of
dress include draped garments such as sari for women and dhoti or lungi for men; in addition, stitched clothes such as salwar kameez for women
and kurta-pyjama and European-style trousers and shirts for men, are also popular.
[262]
The wearing of delicate jewellery, modelled on real
flowers worn in ancient India, is part of a tradition dating back some 5,000 years; gemstones are also worn in India as talismans.
[263]

Music, dance, theatre and cinema
Indian music covers a wide range of traditions and regional styles. Classical music largely encompasses the two genres North Indian
Hindustani, South Indian Carnatic traditions and their various offshoots in the form of regional folk music.
[264]
Regionalised forms of popular
music include filmi and folk music; the syncretic tradition of the bauls is a well-known form of the latter.
Indian dance too has diverse folk and classical forms. Among the well-known folk dances are the bhangra of the Punjab, the bihu of Assam, the
chhau of West Bengal, Jharkhand, sambalpuri of Orissa, the ghoomar of Rajasthan and the Lavani of Maharashtra. Eight dance forms, many
with narrative forms and mythological elements, have been accorded classical dance status by India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and
Drama. These are: bharatanatyam of the state of Tamil Nadu, kathak of Uttar Pradesh, kathakali and mohiniyattam of Kerala, kuchipudi of
Andhra Pradesh, manipuri of Manipur, odissi of Orissa and the sattriya of Assam.
[265]

Theatre in India often incorporates music, dance, and improvised or written dialogue.
[266]
Often based on Hindu mythology, but also borrowing
from medieval romances, and news of social and political events, Indian theatre includes the bhavai of state of Gujarat, the jatra of West Bengal,
the nautanki and ramlila of North India, the tamasha of Maharashtra, the burrakatha of Andhra Pradesh, the terukkuttu of Tamil Nadu, and the
yakshagana of Karnataka.
[267]
The Indian film industry is the most watched film industry in the world.
[268][269]
Established traditions exist in
Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Tamil, and Telugu language cinemas.
[270]
South India's cinema industries
account for more than 75% of total film revenues.
[271]

Festivals
((Main|Festival in India)) India, being a culturally and religiously diverse society, celebrates various holidays and festivals. There are three
national holidays in India: states and regions have local festivals depending on prevalent religious and linguistic demographics. Popular religious
festivals include the Hindu festivals of Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi, Holi, Dussehra, Islamic festivals of Eid ul-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Mawlid an-Nab
and Christian festivals of Christmas and days of observances such as Good Friday are observed throughout the country. Muharram, mourning for
the Prophet Muhammad's grandson is observed by some sects of Islam. In addition, the Sikh festivals such as Guru Nanak Jayanti, the Christian
festivals such as Christmas, Good Friday and Jain festivals like Mahavir Jayanti, Paryushan are celebrated in certain areas where these religions
have a significant following.The annual holidays are widely observed by state and local governments; however, they may alter the dates of
observance or add or subtract holidays according to local custom.
Sport
Main article: Sport in India
India's official national sport is field hockey, administered by Hockey India. The Indian hockey team won the 1975 Hockey World Cup and 8
gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze medals at the Olympic games, making it one of the world's most successful national hockey teams ever. Cricket,
however, is by far the most popular sport;
[272]
the India cricket team won the 1983 and the 2011 World Cups, 2007 ICC World Twenty20, and
shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka. Cricket in India is administered by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)
and domestic competitions include the Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the Irani Trophy and the NKP Salve Challenger
Trophy. In addition, BCCI conducts the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 competition.


A 2008 Indian Premier League Twenty20 cricket match being played between the Chennai Super Kings and Kolkata Knight Riders
India is home to several traditional sports which originated in the country and continue to remain fairly popular. These include kabaddi, kho kho,
pehlwani and gilli-danda. Some of the earliest forms of Asian martial arts, such as Kalarippayattu, Yuddha, Silambam and Varma Kalai,
originated in India. The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and the Arjuna Award are India's highest awards for achievements in sports, while the
Dronacharya Award is awarded for excellence in coaching.
Chess, commonly held to have originated in India, is regaining widespread popularity with the rise in the number of Indian Grandmasters.
[273]

Tennis has also become increasingly popular, owing to the victories of the India Davis Cup team and the success of Indian tennis players.
[274]

India has a strong presence in shooting sports, winning several medals at the Olympics, the World Shooting Championships and the
Commonwealth Games.
[275][276]
Other sports in which Indian sports-persons have won numerous awards or medals at international sporting
events include badminton,
[277]
boxing
[278]
and wrestling.
[279][280]
Football is a popular sport in northeastern India, West Bengal, Goa, Tamil Nadu
and Kerala.
[281]

India has hosted or co-hosted several international sporting events, such as the 1951 and the 1982 Asian Games, the 1987, 1996, 2011 Cricket
World Cups, the 2003 Afro-Asian Games, the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy, the 2010 Hockey World Cup and the 2010 Commonwealth Games.
Major international sporting events annually held in India include the Chennai Open, Mumbai Marathon, Delhi Half Marathon and the Indian
Masters.
See also

India portal

Book: India
Wikipedia Books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or
ordered in print.
Main articles: Outline of India and Index of India-related articles
Index of India-related articles
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to India or Indian culture include:

List of India-related topics
Contents: Top 09 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
People are listed by their first names.
[edit] 123
1 SGM - 3 STR - 2002 Gujarat violence - 2005 in India (previous years) - 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake in India - 2005 Mumbai floods - 2010
Commonwealth Games - 9th Lancers - 2006 Varanasi bombings
[edit] B
B. Mallapuram - B. Meenakshipuram - Babai, Madhya Pradesh - Babar Pur - Babarpur Ajitmal - Babhulgaon - Babiyal - Bablari Dewanganj -
Babrala - Babri Mosque - Babua Kalan - Babugarh - Babur - Baburnama - Bachhraon - Bachhrawan - Bada Malhera - Badagaon - Badagoan -
Badami Bagh - Badami Cave Temples - Badarpur - Badarpur Railway Town - Badarwas - Badawada - Bade Bacheli - Badepalle - Badgam -
Badhagachhi - Badharghat - Badhni Kalan - Badkuhi - Badmash.org - Badnagar - Badnawar - Badod - Badoda - Badra - Badrinathpuri - Baduria
- Bagaha - Bagalkot - Bagalkot District - Bagasara - Bagbahara - Bagbera - Bagelkhand - Bagepalli - Bagnan - Bagru - Bah - Bahadur Shah II -
Bahadur Shah of Gujarat - Bahmani Sultanate - Bahadurganj - Bahadurgarh - Bahbari Gaon - Baheri - Bahirgram - Bahjoi - Bahraich - Bahraich
District - Bahsuma - Bahula - Bahuwa - Baidyabati - Baihar - Baikunthpur, Koriya - Baikunthpur, Rewa - Bail Hongal - Bairabi - Bairat -
Bairatisal - Bairgania - Bajala - Baji Rao I - Baji Rao II - Bajna - Bajpur - Bajva - Bakani - Bakewar - Bakhtiarpur - Bakiabad - Bakloh - Bal
Gangadhar Tilak - Bal Thackeray - Balachaur - Balaghat - Balaghat District - Balagoda (Bolani) - Balakrishnampatti - Balakrishnapuram -
Balangir - Balangir District - Balapallam - Balapur - Balaram Pota - Balarampur - Balasamudram - Balasinor - Balasore - Balasore District -
Baldeo - Baldeogarh - Baliari - Balichak - Balimela - Balkundra - Ballarpur - Ballavpur - Ballia - Ballia District - Balod - Baloda - Baloda Bazar
- Balugaon - Bambolim - Bamhani - Bamor - Bamora - Bamun Sualkuchi - Bamunari - Banapur - Banarhat Tea Garden - Banarsi - Banas River -
Banaur - Banbasa - Banda - Banda District - Bandarulanka - Bandhavgarh National Park - Bandhgora - Bandia - Bandikui - Bandipore -
Bandipur National Park - Bandra - Bangalore - Bangalore Rural - Banganapalle - Bangarapet - Bangarmau - Bangawan - Bangladesh -
Bangramanjeshwar - Bangura - Banihal - Bank of India - Bank of Madras - Bankapura - Banki - Bankner - Bankra - Banmankhi Bazar - Bannur
- Bansatar Kheda - Bansberia - Bansdih - Bansgaon - Banshra - Bansi - Banswara - Bantwa - Banupur - Bara Bamonia - Barabazar - Baragaon -
Barahiya - Baraily - Barajamda - Barapali - Barauli - Barauni IOC Township - Barbari (AMC Area) - Barbigha - Barbil - Bardhaman -
Bardhaman District - Bareilly - Bareilly District - Barela - Bargarh - Bargarh District - Barghat - Bargur - Barhalganj - Barhani Bazar - Barhi -
Bari Brahmana - Bari Sadri - Barigarh - Barijhati - Bariwala - Barjora - Barkakana - Barkhera - Barkot - Barmer - Barmer District - Barnala -
Barpathar - Barpeta Road - Barrackpur Cantonment - Barua Sagar - Barughutu - Baruihuda - Baruipur - Barwadih - Barwaha - Barwala -
Barwani - Barwani District - Barwar - Basar - Basaria - Basavakalyan - Basavana Bagevadi - Basava Premanand - Bashkali - Bashohli - Basna -
Basni Belima - Basoda - Bassi Pathana - Bastar - Bastar District - Bastar Division - Basudebpur - Basugaon - Basukinath - Bathinda -
Batlagundu - Batote - Battle of Buxar - Battle of Saragarhi - Baudhgarh - Bavla - Bawal - Bawana - Bawani Khera - Bay of Bengal - Beas - Beas
River - Beed - Beed District - Beejoliya Kalan - Begamganj - Begampur - Begowal - Begum Pur - Begumabad Budhana - Begun - Begusarai -
Behat - Behea - Behror - Behta Hajipur - Bela Pratapgarh - Belagachhia - Beldanga - Beldubi - Belebathan - Belgaum - Belgaum Cantonment -
Belgaum District - Beliatore - Bellaguntha - Bellampalli - Bellary - Bellary District - Belonia - Belpahar - Belsand - Beltangadi - Belthara Road -
Belur - Belvata - Bemetra - Bengal - Bengali language - Bengali poetry - Bengali script - Beniganj - Benot de Boigne - Beohari - Berach River -
Berar - Berasia - Bermo - Bertrand-Franois Mah de La Bourdonnais - Bestavaripeta - Beswan - Betel nut - Bethamcheria - Betma - Betul -
Betul-Bazar - Betul District - Betwa River - Bewar - Bhabat - Bhabhi - Bhadarsa - Bhadaur - Bhadohi - Bhadrak - Bhadrak District - Bhadreswar
- Bhagatdih - Bhagavad Gita - Bhagirathi River - Bhagur - Bhagwant Nagar - Bhainsa - Bhainsdehi - Bhalariya - Bhalki - Bhalswa Jahangir Pur -
Bhamodi - Bhandara - Bhandara District - Bhandardaha - Bhander - Bhangar Raghunathpur - Bhangi - Bhangra - Bhangri Pratham Khanda -
Bhanjanagar - Bhankharpur - Bhanowara - Bhanpura - Bhanpuri - Bhanvad - Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited Ranipur - Bharat Ratna - Bharata -
Bharatanatyam - Bharatganj - Bharathapuzha River - Bharatiya Janata Party - Bharatpur - Bharatpur District - Bhargain - Bharoli Kalan -
Bharthana - Bharuch INA - Bharuhana - Bharveli - Bharwari - Bhatapara - Bhatni Bazar - Bhatpar Rani - Bhaurasa - Bhavani - Bhavani River -
Bhavani, Tamil Nadu - Bhilwara - Bhavanisagar - Bhavra - Bhawan Bahadur Nagar - Bhawani Mandi - Bhawanigarh - Bhayavadar - Bhedaghat
- Bheemavaram - Bheemunipatnam - Bhikangaon - Bhikhi - Bhikhiwind - Bhilai Charoda - Bhilai Nagar - Bhilakhedi - Bhima River -
Bhimarayanagudi - Bhimashankar - Bhind - Bhind District - Bhinder - Bhinga - Bhisiana - Bhitarwar - Bhiwadi - Bhogadi - Bhogaon - Bhogpur
- Bhoj - Bhoj Wetland - Bhojpur Dharampur - Bhojpuri language - Bhojudih - Bhokardan - Bhokarhedi - Bholar Dabri - Bhonsle - Bhopal -
Bhopal Agency - Bhopal Disaster - Bhopal District - Bhopal Division - Bhopal state - Bhopawar Agency - Bhota - Bhowali - Bhowrah - Bhuban
- Bhubaneswar - Bhucho Mandi - Bhulath - Bhulepur - Bhuli - Bhum - Bhuntar - Bhusawar - Bhutan - Biaora - Biate - Bidar - Bidar District -
Bidasar - Bidhuna - Bighapur - Bihar - Bihari languages - Bihpuria - Bijapur, Karnataka - Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh - Bijapur district,
Karnataka - Bijbehara - Bijeypur - Bijni - Bijpur - Bijuri - Bikaner - Bikaner District - Bikapur - Bikihakola - Bikketti - Bikramganj - Bilandapur
- Bilara - Bilariaganj - Bilasipara - Bilaspur - Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh - Bilaspur District, Himachal Pradesh -
Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh - Bilaua - Bilgram - Bilhaur - Biligirirangan Hills - Bilimora - Billawar - Biloli - Bilpahari - Bilpura - Bilram -
Bilsanda - Bilsi - Bimal Jalan - Bina Etawa - Bina Railway Colony - Bindki - Binika - Bipra Noapara - Biramitrapur - Birbal - Birgaon - Birlapur
- Birnagar - Birsinghpur - Birur - Birwadi - Bisalpur - Bisanda Buzurg - Bisauli - Bishama Katek - Bisharatganj - Bishna - Bisokhar - Biswan -
Biswanath Chariali - Black Hole of Calcutta - BMS College of Engineering - Bodeli - Bodh Gaya - Bodhi tree - Bodinayakkanur - Bodri -
Bofors Scandal - Bohari - Bokajan - Bokakhat - Bokaro Steel City - Bollywood - Bombay - Bombay Hospital - Bombay Presidency - Bombay
State - Bombay Stock Exchange - Bombay Talkies - Bombooflat - Bommanahalli - Bommasandra - Bongaigaon - Boothapandi - Boothipuram -
Borgolai Grant No.11 - Bori Wildlife Sanctuary - Boriavi - Borivali - Botad - Boudh - Boudh District - Bowali - Brahma - Brahmakulam -
Brahmana Periya-Agraharam - Brahmani River - Brahmapuri - Brahmaputra River - Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests - Brahmic
family - Brajarajnagar - Brihadeshvara Temple - British East India Company - British Empire - British India - Buckingham Canal - Buddhism -
Buddhism in India - Budha - Budha Theh - Budhana - Budhgaon - Budhlada - Budhpura - Bugganipalle - Bugrasi - Buguda - Bugyal - Buldhana
- Bundela - Bundeli - Bundelkhand - Bundi - Bundi District - Bundu - Burdak - Burhanpur - Burhanpur District - Burari - Burhar - Buria - Buxar
- Buxar District - Buxwaha - Byadgi - Byasanagar - Byatarayanapura - Bhai Rupa
[edit] C
Calapor - Calcutta - Cambay - Canacona - Canada India Institute-Industry Link Project - Carapur - Carnatic music - Carnatic region - Cart Road
- caste system - Central Delhi - Central India Agency - Central Provinces and Berar - Central Railway - Chabua - Chachanda - Chachaura-
Binaganj - Chak Bankola - Chak Bansberia - Chak Enayetnagar - Chak Imam Ali - Chak Kashipur - Chakapara - Chakdaha - Chakeri - Chakghat
- Chaklasi - Chaksu - Chakulia - Chalala - Chalisgaon - Chaliyar River - Chalthan - Chalukya - Chamarajanagar - Chamarajanagar District -
Chambal Division - Chambal River - Chamoli - Chamoli District - Chamoli Gopeshwar - Champdani - Champua - Chamrail - Chanasma -
Chandameta-Butaria - Chandannagar - Chandapur - Chandaur - Chandela - Chandia - Chandigarh - Chandil - Chandili - Chandkheda - Chandla -
Chandlodiya - Chandpur - Chandra Taal - Chandrababu Naidu - Chandragupta Maurya - Chandrakona - Chandrapur - Chandrapur Bagicha -
Chandrapur District - Chandrapura - Chandur - Chandurbazar - Channagiri - Channarayapattana - Chanod - Chanpatia - Chapari - Chapui - Char
Brahmanagar - Char Maijdia - Charari Sharief - Charibatia - Charthaval - Chas - Chata Kalikapur - Chatakonda - Chatra - Chaudhari Devi Lal -
Chauhan - Chaul - Chaumuhan - Chaupal - Chaurai Khas - Chavakkad - Chechakhata - Chechat - Cheeka - Chekonidhara - Chelad - Chelora -
Chembakur -Chemmumiahpet - Chenab River - Chenani - Chengam - Chengamanad - Chennai - Chennai Central - Chennai Egmore - Chennai
Port - Chennasamudram - Chennimalai - Cheppad - Cheppad Mar Dionysios IV of the East - Chera Dynasty - Cheranallur - Cheranmadevi -
Chermanangad - Cherrapunji - Cheruthazham - Cheruvannur - Chess - Chetpet - Chettiarpatti - Chettinad - Chettipalayam - Chettithangal -
Chevvoor - Cheyyar - Cheyyar River - Chhabra - Chhachhrauli - Chhapar - Chhaprabhatha - Chhaprauli - Chharchha - Chharra Rafatpur -
Chhata - Chhatari - Chhatatanr - Chhath - Chhatarpur - Chhatarpur District - Chhatral INA - Chhattisgarh - Chhattisgarhi language - Chhawla -
Chhaya - Chhibramau - Chhindwara - Chhindwara District - Chhipabarod - Chhora - Chhota Chhindwara (Gotegaon) - Chhota Gobindpur -
Chhota Udaipur - Chhotaputki - Chhoti Sadri - Chhuikhadan - Chhutmalpur - Chicalim - Chichli - Chicholi - Chicken's Neck - Chidambaram -
Chidambaram Temple - Chik Ballapur - Chikhli, Maharashtra - Chikiti - Chikkamagaluru - Chikkamagaluru District - Chiknayakanhalli -
Chikodi - Chikrand - Chilakaluripet - Chilka Lake - Chilkana Sultanpur - Chilla Saroda Bangar - Chiloda(Naroda) - Chimbel - Chinchani -
Chinchinim - Chincholi - Chingleput - Chinna Anuppanadi - Chinnachowk - Chinnakkampalayam - Chinnalapatti - Chinnamanur -
Chinnampalayam - Chinnasalem - Chinnasekkadu - Chinnavedampatti - Chintalavalasa - Chintamani - Chirgaon - Chiria - Chirkunda - Chirmiri
- Chitapur - Chitbara Gaon - Chitgoppa - Chithode - Chitradurga - Chitradurga District - Chitrakoot Dham (Karwi) - Chittagong - Chittoor -
Chittoor District - Chittorgarh - Chittorgarh District - Chittur-Thathamangalam - Chockli - Chohal - Chola dynasty - Chola Nadu - Cholapuram -
Chomu - Choornikkara - Chopan - Chopda - Chorvad - Chota Nagpur Plateau - Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forest - Choto Haibor - Choudhary
Charan Singh - Choutuppal - Chowwara - Christian Friedrich Schwarz - Christianity - Chuari Khas - Chunchupalle - Church of North India -
Church of South India - Churhat - Churi - Churk Ghurma - Churu - Churu District - Chutney - Cilappatikaram - Cinema of India - Cis-Sutlej
states - Civilian Honors: Bharat Ratna, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri, Padma Vibhushan - Clement Town - Coastal Andhra - Cochin Jews -
Coimbatore - Coimbatore district - Coleroon River - Colgong - Colin Mackenzie - Colonelganj - Colvale - Communications in India - Company
rule in India - Congress (I) Party - Constitution of India - Cooper's Camp - Coromandel Coast - Courtallam - Cricket in India - Crime in Mumbai
- Crore - Cuddalore - Cuddalore District - Cuddapah - Culture of India - Curchorem Cacora - Curti - Cuttack - Cuttack District - C. V. Raman -
Cyber Crime Investigation Cell
[edit] D
Dabbawala - Daboh - Dadasaheb Phalke Award - Dadhapatna - Dadra and Nagar Haveli - Dadri - Dafahat - Dagshai - Dahegam - Dahod -
Dahod District - Dainhat - Daitari - Dakshin Baguan - Dakshin Jhapardaha - Dakshin Rajyadharpur - Dakshina Kannada - Dalavaipatti - Daler
Mehndi - Dalit theology - Dalkhola - Dalli-Rajhara - Dallo Pura - Dalmau - Dalsinghsarai - Dalurband - Daman and Diu - Daman Ganga River -
Damnagar - Damodar River - Damoh - Damoh District - Damua - Danguwapasi - Danish East India Company - Danish India - Dankaur - Dapoli
Camp - Dappaankuthu - Darappur - Dargajogihalli - Dariyabad - Darjeeling - Darlawn - Daroha - Darwha - Daryapur Banosa - Dasarahalli -
Dasna - Dasnapur - Dasua - Dataganj - Datia - Dattapur Dhamangaon - Datia District - Daudnagar - Daulatabad, Maharashtra - Doulatabad,
Mahbubnagar - Doultabad, Medak - Daulatpur - Daurala - Davanagere - Davanagere District - Davlameti - Davorlim - Dayal Pur - Dayalbagh -
Dayanidhi Maran - Debagarh - Debagarh District - Debipur - Deccan - Deccan States Agency - Deccan sultanates - Deccan thorn scrub forests -
Deccan Traps - Deeg - Deesa - Deglur - Dehri - Dehu Road - Delhi - Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System - Delhi Municipal Corporation - Delhi
Sultanate - Demographics of India - Demographics of Nepal - Denkanikottai - Deobandi - Deogarh - Deodara - Deogarh, Madhya Pradesh -
Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh - Deoghar - Deolali Pravara - Deoli - Deomali - Deoranian - Deori - Deoria - Deorikalan - Depalpur - Dera Baba Nanak -
Dera Bassi - Dera Gopipur - Deracolliery Township - Dergaon - Desaiganj - Desert National Park - Desh - Desi - Desur - Deulgaon Raja - Deuli
- Dev Anand - Dev Prayag - Devadanapatti - Devanagari - Devanangurichi - Devanhalli - Devarshola - Devendranagar - Devgadbaria - Devgarh
- Devgarh, Maharashtra - Devgarh, Rajasthan - Devhara - Devsar - Dewas - Dewas District - Dewhadi - Dhalavoipuram - Dhali - Dhaliyur -
Dhaluwala - Dhamanagar - Dhamdha - Dhamnod - Dhampur - Dhana - Dhanauha - Dhanauli - Dhanaura - Dhandadihi - Dhandera - Dhandhuka
- Dhanera - Dhangar - Dhanpuri - Dhanyakuria - Dhar - Dhar District - Dharamjaigarh - Dharamkot - Dharampuri - Dharamsala - Dharangaon -
Dharapadavedu - Dharapur - Dharapuram - Dharasuram - Dharchula Dehat - Dhariawad - Dharma - Dharmabad - Dharmadom - Dharmanagar -
Dharmapur - Dharmapuri - Dharmapuri District - Dharoti Khurd - Dharuhera - Dharur - Dharwad - Dharwad District - Dhatau - Dhatrigram -
Dhaunsar - Dhaura Tanda - Dhaurehra - Dhebar Lake - Dhekiajuli - Dhenkanal - Dhenkanal District - Dhilwan - Dhing - Dhola - Dholka -
Dholpur - Dholpur District - Dhoraji - Dhrol - Dhruva - Dhuilya - Dhule - Dhule District - Dhulian - Dhundhar - Dhupguri - Dhusaripara - Dibai
- Dibiyapur - Didihat - Digapahandi - Digboi Oil Town - Digdoh - Dighawani - Dighwara - Dignala - Digras - Digvijaygram - Diken -
Dildarnagar Fatehpur Bazar - Dilip Kumar - Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge - Dilwara Temples - Dimaruguri - Dina Nagar - Dinapur
Cantonment - Dinapur Nizamat - Dindigul - Dindigul district - Dindori District - Dineshpur - Dinhata - Dipka - Dirba - Direct Action Day -
Districts of Andhra Pradesh - Districts of Assam - Districts of Bihar - Districts of Chhattisgarh - Districts of Delhi - Districts of Gujarat -
Districts of India - Districts of Karnataka - Districts of Kerala - Districts of Madhya Pradesh - Districts of Maharashtra - Districts of Orissa -
Districts of Punjab (India) - Districts of Rajasthan - Districts of Tamil Nadu - Districts of Uttar Pradesh - Districts of West Bengal - Divisions of
Bihar - Diwali - Dnyaneshwar - Do Bigha Zameen - Doab - Doboka - Doctrine of lapse - Dod Ballapur - Dogadda - Doghat - Dohrighat -
Doiwala - Dokmoka - Dombivli - Domjur - Dommara Nandyal - Dondaicha-Warwade - Dongar Parasia - Dongargaon - Dongragarh - Donimalai
Township - Donkamokam - Doom Dooma - Doordarshan - Dosa - Dostpur - Dowleswaram - Dravidian languages - Dravidian mural painting -
Dravidian race - Dubrajpur - Dudhani - Dudhi - Dugda - Dulhipur - Duliajan No.1 - Duliajan Oil Town - Dum Dum - Dumar Kachhar -
Dumarkunda - Dumraon - Dundahera - Dungamal - Dungargarh - Dungarpur - Dungarpur District - Dungra - Durga Nagar Part-V - Durllabhganj
- Duru-Verinag - Dusi - Dutch East India Company - Dwarahat - Dwarka - Dyane
[edit] E
East Calcutta Wetlands - East Deccan dry evergreen forests - East Delhi - East Godavari - East India Company - East Pakistan - Eastern Coastal
Plains - Eastern Ghats - Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests - Eastern States Agency - Economy of India - Ecoregions of India -
Edaganasalai - Edaikodu - Edakalinadu - Edappadi - Edathala - Eddumailaram - Education in India - Egarkunr - Egra - EID Parry - Ekambara
kuppam - Ekdil - Eklahare - Eklingji - Eksara - Elamo-Dravidian languages - Elampillai - Elathur - Elayavoor - Elayirampannai - Election
Commission of India - Electricity in India - Elephant - Elephanta Caves - Elephanta Island - Ellenabad - Ellora Caves - Elumalai - Emblem of
India - Emperor of India - English language television - Eral - Erandol - Eravinalloor - Erich (town) - Eriodu - Ernakulam - Ernakulam District -
Erode - Erode District - Erramala - Erumaipatti - Eruvadi - Ethapur - Etmadpur - Ettayapuram - Ettimadai - European colonies in India - Eve
teasing - Ezhudesam-
[edit] F
Fakir Mohan Senapati- Family names - Fareed Zakaria - Faizganj - Faizpur - Falakata - Farakhpur - Faridnagar - Fariha - Farooqnagar - Farrakka
Barrage Township - Farrukhnagar - Fatehganj Pashchimi - Fatehganj Purvi - Fatehgarh - Fatehgarh Churian - Fatehnagar - Fatehpur - Fatehpur
Chaurasi - Fatehpur Sikri - Fatellapur - Fauna and flora of India - Fazilka - Ferozepur Jhirka - Fertilizer Corporation of India Township -
Firozpur - Firozpur Cantonment - First Anglo-Maratha War - First Anglo-Mysore War - First Anglo-Sikh War - First battle of Panipat - First
Battle of Tarain - Flag of India - Forbesganj - Foreign relations of India - Foreign relations of Oman - Fourth Anglo-Mysore War - Freelandgunj
- French East India Company - French India - French Institute of Pondicherry - Frezarpur - FRI and College Area
[edit] G
G. Udayagiri - Gabberia - Gadag-Betigeri - Gadag District - Gadarpur - Gadarwara - Gadchiroli - Gadchiroli District - Gaddi annaram - Gadhada
- Gadhinglaj - Gadhra - Gadwal - Gaekwad - Gagret - Gahadvala - Gairatganj - Gairkata - Gajapathinagaram - Gajendragarh - Gajraula -
Gajsinghpur - Gajularega - Gakulnagar - Ganapathipuram - Ganaur - Gandai - Ganderbal - Gandevi - Gandhara - Gandhi - Gandhi (film) -
Gandhi-Irwin Pact - Gandhinagar - Gandhigram - Gandhinagar District - Gandhinagar, Tamil Nadu - Ganesha - Ganeshpur - Gangaghat -
Gangaikondan - Gangakhed - Gangapur - Gangapur City - Gangarampur - Gangavalli - Gangawati - Ganges River - Gangoh - Gangtok -
Ganguvarpatti - Ganj Dundawara - Ganj Muradabad - Garacharma - Garalgachha - Garautha - Gardhiwala - Garhakota - Garhi Pukhta - Garhi-
Malhara - Garhmukteshwar - Garhshanker - Garhwal Division - Gariadhar - Garoth - Garshyamnagar - Garulia - Gaur - Gaur, West Bengal -
Gaura Barhaj - Gaurella - Gauri Bazar - Gauribidanur - Gauripur - Gausganj - Gautama Buddha - Gavi Gangadhareshwara Temple - Gawan -
Gayespur - Geedam - Geography of India - Geography of Nepal - Geography of Pakistan - Georai - George Everest - Gerard Lake, 1st Viscount
Lake - Ghagga - Ghaggar River - Ghanaur - Ghanshyam Das Birla - Ghansor - Ghantapada - Gharaunda - Gharghoda - Gharoli - Gharonda
Neemka Bangar - Ghat - Ghatam - Ghatampur - Ghatanji - Ghatkeser - Ghatlodiya - Ghatshila - Ghazipur - Ghaznavid Empire - ghee - Gheora -
Ghiraur - Ghitorni - Gho Manhasan - Ghoga - Ghogha - Ghoghardiha - Ghorabandha - Ghorawal - Ghorsala - Ghosi - Ghosia Bazar - Ghoti
Budruk - Ghughuli - Ghugus - Ghulewadi - Ghumarwin - Ghuwara - Gidderbaha - Gidi - Gird - Girnar - Goa - Goaljan - Goasafat - Gobindgarh
- Gobindpur - Gobranawapara - Gochar - Godavari-Krishna mangroves - Godavari River - Godhar - Godoli - Godwar - Gogaon - Gogapur -
Gogri Jamalpur - Gohad - Gohana - Gohand - Gohpur - Gokal Pur - Gokhivare - Gola Gokarannath - Golconda - Golokganj - Gomoh - Gondi
people - Gondi language - Gondi people - Gondia - Gondia District - Gondwana (region) - Gondwana (ancient continent) - Gopabandhu Das -
Goniana - Gonikoppal - Gopalasamudram - Gopalpur - Gopamau - Gopiganj - Gopinathpur, West Bengal - Gora Bazar - Gorah Salathian -
Gorakhpur - Goraya - Goredi Chancha - Gormi - Gosainganj - Gossaigaon - Gottikere - Goundampalayam - Government of India - Government
Museum - Governor-General of India - Great Nicobar - Greater Mumbai - Greco-Buddhism - GSFC Complex INA - Gua - Gubbi - Gudibanda -
Guindy National Park - Guirim - Gujarat - Gujarati language - Gulabpura - Gulaothi - Gularia Bhindara - Gulariya - Gulbarga - Gulbarga District
- Guledgudda - Gulf of Cambay - Gulf of Kutch - Gulf of Mannar - Gulzarilal Nanda - Guma - Gumia - Gummidipoondi - Gun Carriage Factory
Jabalpur - Guma, India - Guna - Guna, India - Guna District - Gundlupet - Gunnaur - Guntur - Guntur District - Gunupur - Gupta script - Gupta
dynasty - Gupta Empire - Gurgaon - Gurgaon District - Gurgaon Rural - Guriahati - Gurmatkal - Gurmukhi - Guru Har Sahai - Gursahaiganj -
Gursarai - Guru Nanak - Gurukul - Guskara - Gutka - Gwalior - Gwalior District - Gwalior Division - Gwalior Residency - Gwalior State
[edit] H
H. D. Deve Gowda - Habibpur - Hadgaon - Hadoti - Hafizpur - Haidergarh - Haileymandi - Hajan - Hajira INA - Hajo (India) - Haldaur - Haldia
- Haldibari - Haldighati - Halebidu - Haliyal - Halol - Haludbani - Halvad - Hampi - Hamren - Handia - Handiaya - Handwara - Hangal -
Hanuman - Hanumangarh - Hanumanthampatti - Haora - Harda - Harda District - Harduaganj - Hargaon - Harharia Chak - Haridwar - Haridwar
district - Hari Singh - Hariharpur - Harij - Harish-Chandra - Harishpur - Harit Pradesh - Harpalpur - Harpanahalli - Harrai - Harraiya - Harsawa -
Harsha - Harshad Mehta - Harsud - Harur - Harveypatti - Haryana - Hashish - Hasanpur - Hasayan - Hassan - Hassan District - Hassanpur -
Hastsal - Hatgachha - Hathin - Hatibandha - Hatkachora - Hatod - Hatpipalya - Hatsimla - Hatti Gold Mines - Haveri - Haveri District - Hazrat
Mahal - Hebbagodi - Hebbalu - Heggadadevanakote - Hemant Kumar - Henry Thomas Colebrooke - Hephthalite - Herbert Benjamin Edwardes -
Herbertpur - Heriok - Herohalli - Hesla - Hidimba Devi Temple - Hijra (India) - Hijuli - Hill station - Himachal Pradesh - Himalaya - Himalayan
subtropical pine forests - Himalayan Tahr - Hindalgi - Hindi - Hindoria - Hindu Kush - Hinduism - Hinduja brothers - Hindupur - Hindustan
Lever Limited - Hindustan Paper Corporation Ltd. Township Area Panchgram - Hindustani language - Hindustani Music - - Hindusthan Cables
Town - Hindutva - Hindu Rashtra - Hinglish - Hinjilicut - Hiranagar - Hirapur - Hirekerur - History of Bangladesh - History of Goa - History of
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- Holidays in India - Holkar - Homnabad - Honnali - Homosexuality in India - Hooghly District - Hooghly River - Hoovina Hadagalli -
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society - Howli - Howraghat - Hoysala architecture - Hoysala Empire - Hubbathala - Hubli-Dharwad - Hukeri - Huligal - Humayun - Hunas -
Hunasamaranahalli - Hunsur - Hupari - Hussainabad (Jharkhand) - Hussainpur - Hyder Ali - Hyderabad, India - Hyderabad State
[edit] I
I. K. Gujral - Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali - Ibrahimpur - Ichalkaranji - Ichchapuram - Ichchhapor - Ichhapur Defence Estate - Ichhawar -
Idikarai - Idukki - Idukki District - Idukki Township - Iglas - Ikauna - Iklehra - Ilanji - Ilayaraaja - Ilkal - Iltifatganj Bazar - Iluppaiyurani -
Iluppur - Immadihalli -Inam Karur - Indapur - Indergarh - India - India Today - India Unbound - Indian Administrative Service - Indian Air
Force - Indian Airlines - Indian architecture - Indian citizenship - Indian City Statistics - Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Indian cuisine
- Indian cricket team - Indian English - Indian family name - Indian film - Indian general elections, 2004 - Indian geostrategy - Indian Institute of
Planning and Management - Indian Institute of Science - Indian Institutes of Management - Indian Institutes of Technology - Indian
independence movement - Indian Institute of Astrophysics - Indian National Army - Indian National Congress - Indian natural history - Indian
numbering system - Indian numerals - Indian Ocean - Indian Oil Corporation - Indian Orthodox Church - Indian Police Service - Indian
Railways - Indian Rhinoceros - Indian science - Indian Space Research Organisation - Indian subcontinent - Indian Telecommunications Service
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute - Indian writing in English - Indic scripts - Indi-pop - Indira Gandhi - Indira Gandhi International Airport -
Indira Gandhi National Park - Indo-Aryan languages - Indo-European languages - Indo-Fijian - Indo-Gangetic plain - Indo-Greek Kingdom -
Indo-Iranian languages - Indo-Pakistani Wars - Indomalaya - Indore - Indore District - Indore Division - Indragarh - Indranagar - Indus River -
Indus Valley Civilization - Infanticide - Infosys - Injambakkam - INRegistry - INS Vikrant - Iringaprom - Iriveri - Irugur - Islam - Islamic
Empires in India - Islamnagar - Isnapur - Isri - Itarsi - Itaunja - Iyengar - Iyer - India Internet Exchange - Izzatnagar
[edit] J
J. R. D. Tata - Jabalpur - Jabalpur Cantonment - Jabalpur District - Jabalpur Division - Jadavpur University - Jadugora - Jafarpur - Jaffrabad -
Jafrabad - Jagadanandapur -Jagadish Mohanty-Jagadishpur - Jagalur - Jagathala - Jagdish Chandra Bose - Jagdishpur - Jaggayyapeta - Jagir -
Jagiroad - Jagner - Jagtaj - Jahangirabad - Jahazpur - Jai Singh II - Jainagar - Jainism - Jaipur - Jaipur District - Jaipur Division - Jairampur - Jais
- Jaisinghnagar - Jaitaran - Jaithara - Jaithari - Jaitu - Jaitwara - Jajapur - Jajpur District - Jakhal Mandi - Jala Kendua - Jalakandapuram - Jalali -
Jalalpore - Jalalpur - Jalandhar - Jalandhar Cantonment - Jalandhar District - Jalaun - Jalaun District - Jalda - Jalesar - Jaleswar - Jalgaon -
Jalgaon (Jamod) - Jalgaon District - Jalladiampet - Jallaram Kamanpur - Jalor - Jalor District - Jam Jodhpur - Jamadoba - Jamai - Jambai -
Jambusar - James Tod - Jamhaur - Jammu (city) - Jammu - Jammu and Kashmir - Jammu Cantonment - Jammu District - Jamnagar - Jamnagar
District - Jamnalal Bajaj - Jamshila - Jamtara - Jamuria - Janakpur Road - Jandiala - Jangaon - Jangladesh - Jansath - Jaridih Bazar - Jarjapupeta -
Jarwal - Jasdan - Jashpur Nagar - Jasidih - Jaspur - Jasrana - Jaswantnagar - Jat people - Jat (Sangli) - Jata Chhapar - Jatani - Jatara - Jatari - Jti -
Jatinga - Jatropha incentives in India - Jaunpur - Jaunpur District - Jawad - Jawaharlal Nehru - Jawaharnagar (Gujarat Refinery) - Jawai -
Jawalamukhi - Jawar - Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur - Jayalalithaa Jayaram - Jayanagar - Jayankondam - Jayaprakash Narayan - Jaygaon -
Jaynagar Mazilpur - Jaysingpur - Jean-Baptiste Tavernier - Jejuri - Jemari - Jemari (J.K. Nagar Township) - Jeron Khalsa - Jetia - Jetpur
Navagadh - Jevargi - Jewar - Jews in India - Jeypur - Jhabrera - Jhabua - Jhabua District - Jhagrakhand - Jhajha - Jhalawar - Jhalawar District -
Jhalda - Jhalu - Jhansi - Jhansi District - Jhansi Division - Jhansi Railway Settlement - Jharia - Jharia Khas - Jharkhand - Jharoda Majra Burari -
Jhinjhak - Jhinjhana - Jhinkpani - Jhorhat - Jhumpa Lahiri - Jhumpura - Jhundpura - Jhunjhunu - Jhunjhunu District - Jhusi - Jhusi Kohna -
Jiaganj Azimganj - Jijabai - Jim Corbett National Park - Jintur - Jiran - Jirapur - Jiribam - Jiwan Pur alias Johri Pur - Jiyanpur - Jobner - Joda -
Jodhpur - Jodhpur District - Jodhpur Division - Jogbani - Jogendranagar - Jogindarnagar - Jolarpet - Jona Pur - Jonai Bazar - Jorapokhar - Joseph
Franois Dupleix - Joshipura - Jot Kamal - Joura - Jourian - Jubbal - Jugial - Jugsalai - Junagadh - Justice Party (India) - Jutogh - Jyotiraditya
Scindia - Jyoti Khuria - Jyotirling - Jyotia
[edit] K
Kabaddi - Kabibara Radhanath Ray-Kabini River - Kabir Bedi - Kabnur - Kabrai - Kachhauna Patseni - Kachhla - Kachhwa - Kachnal Gosain -
Kachu Pukur - Kachwaha - Kadachira - Kadamakkudy - Kadamba Dynasty - Kadamba script - Kadamba tree - Kadambur - Kadathur - Kadaura -
Kadayal - Kadayampatti - Kadipur - Kadodara - Kadungalloor - Kaghaznagar - Kailaras - Kailashpur - Kailudih - Kairana - Kaithoon - Kajol -
Kajora - Kakarhati - Kakatiya dynasty - Kakching Khunou - Kakdihi - Kakgaina - Kakod - Kakrala - Kaladungi - Kalahandi - Kalakkad -
Kalambe Turf Thane - Kalambur - Kalameshwar - Kalamnuri - Kalan Wali - Kalapatti - Kalappanaickenpatti - Kalara - Kalaripayattu - Kalavad -
Kalavai - Kalayat - Kalghatgi - Kali - Kali Chhapar - Kali Sindh River - Kali Yuga - Kaliaganj - Kalidasa - Kalikapur - Kalimpong - Kalinagar -
Kalinjar - Kalinjur - Kaliveli Lake - Kaliyakkavilai - Kalki - Kalladaikurichi - Kallakkurichi - Kallakudi - Kallanai - Kalliasseri - Kallukuttam -
Kalol - Kalol INA - Kalpana Chawla - Kalpi - Kalugumalai - Kalundre - Kalyan - Kalyan-Dombivali - Kalyani - Kalyani, West Bengal - Kamala
Nehru Park - Kama Sutra - Kamakshyanagar - Kamal Haasan - Kamal Heer - Kamalganj - Kamalpur - Kaman - Kamaraj - Kamayagoundanpatti
- Kambainallur - Kambam - Kampli - Kampur Town - Kamuthi - Kanadukathan - Kanaipur - Kanakkampalayam - Kanakpur Part-II - Kanam -
Kanapaka - Kanara - Kanauji language - Kanchipuram - Kanchipuram district - Kanchrapara - Kandali - Kandanur - Kandari - Kandhamal -
Kandesh - Kanhoji Angre - Kandla - Kandhar - Kandhla - Kandra - Kandri - Kandukur - Kandwa - Kangayampalayam - Kangeyam -
Kangeyanallur - Kangra, Himachal Pradesh - Kangra district - Kangrali (BK) - Kangrali (KH) - Kanhan (Pipri) - Kanhirode - Kanjhawala -
Kanjikkuzhi - Kanjikoil - Kanker - Kankuria - Kannad - Kannada language - Kannadendal - Kannadiparamba - Kannagi - Kannamangalam -
Kannampalayam - Kannankurichi - Kannapuram - Kannauj - Kannauj District - Kannivadi - Kannod - Kannur - Kannur district - Kannur
Cantonment - Kanodar - Kanpur - Kanpur Dehat District - Kanpur District - Kanpur Division - Kansepur - Kantabamsuguda - Kantabanji -
Kantaphod - Kanth - Kanti - Kantilo - Kantlia - Kanuru - Kanva dynasty - Kanyakumari - Kanyakumari district - Kanyanagar - Kapadvanj -
Kapas Hera - Kapasan - Kapil Dev - Kapurthala - Kappiyarai - Kaprain - Kaptanganj - Karachiya - Karaikal - Karaikudi - Karamadai -
Karambakkam - Karambakkudi - Karanja - Karanje Turf Satara - Karanjia - Karanpur - Karari - Karauli - Karauli District - Karawal Nagar -
Kardhan - Kareena Kapoor - Kareli - Karera - Karhal - Kariamangalam - Kariapatti - Karikala Chola - Karimganj - Karimganj District -
Karimnagar - Karimnagar District - Karimpur - Karivali - Karjan - Karmala - Karn Prayag - Karnaphuli River - Karnataka - Karnawad -
Karnawal - Karoran - Karrapur - Karugampattur - Karumandi Chellipalayam - Karumathampatti - Karungal - Karunguzhi - Karuppur - Karur -
Karur District - Karuvanthuruthy - Kasara Budruk - Kasaragod Town - Kasaragod District - Kasganj - Kashinagara - Kashirampur - Kashmir -
Kashmiri language - Kasim Bazar - Kasipalayam (E) - Kasipalayam (G) - Kasrawad - Katai - Kataiya - Katangi - Katariya - Katghar Lalganj -
Katghora - Kathakali - Kathera - Kathiarbar-Gir dry deciduous forests - Kathiawar - Kathujuganapalli - Katkar - Katpar - Katra Medniganj -
Katras - Kattivakkam - Kattumannarkoil - Kattuputhur - Kaugachhi - Kauriaganj - Kaveri River - Kaveripakkam - Kaveripattinam -
Kavisuryanagar - Kavitrayam - Kawardha - Kayalpattinam - Kayamkulam - Kayatharu - Kaziranga National Park - Kedarnath - Kedla -
Keelakarai - Keeranur - Keeripatti - Keezhapavur - Kegaon - Kekri - Kela Khera - Kelamangalam - Kelhauri(chachai) - Kembainaickenpalayam
- Kenda - Kendra Khottamdi - Kendrapara - Kendrapara District - Kendua - Kenduadih - Kendujhar - Kendujhar District - Kengeri - Kerakat -
Keoladeo National Park - Kerala - Kerala Backwaters - Kerur - Kesabpur - Keshod - Keshoraipatan - Kesinga - Kesrisinghpur - Kethi -
Kevadiya - Khachrod - Khadda - Khadkale - Khaga - Khagaul - Khagrabari - Khailar - Khair - Khairabad - Khairagarh - Khairthal - Khajoori
Khas - Khajuraho - Khaki - Khalia - Khaliapali - Khalikote - Khalor - Khamanon - Khamaria - Khambhalia - Khamhria - Khammam -
Khammam District - Khanapur - Khanauri - Khand (Bansagar) - Khandapada - Khandela - Khandra - Khandwa - Khandwa District -
Khaniyadhana - Khantora - Khapa - Kharagpur Railway Settlement - Kharar, Mohali - Kharela - Khargapur - Khargone - Khargone District -
Khargupur - Khariar - Khariar Road - Kharijapikon - Kharimala Khagrabari - Khariya - Kharkhari - Kharkhoda - Kharod - Kharsarai - Kharsia -
Kharupatia - Khatauli - Khatauli Rural - Khategaon - Khatiguda - Khatima - Khatushyamji - Khawhai - Khawzawl - Kheda - Kheda District -
Khedbrahma - Khekada - Khelari - Khem Karan - Khera Khurd - Kheragarh - Kheralu - Kherdi - Kherli - Kherliganj - Kherwara Chhaoni -
Kheta Sarai - Khetia - Khilji dynasty - Khirkiya - Khodarampur - Khongapani - Khongman - Khordha - Khordha District - Khour - Khrew -
Khudaganj - Khujner - Khurai - Khusrupur - Khutar - Khyber Pass - Kichha - Kilampadi - Kilkulam - Kilkunda - Killiyur - Killlai - Kilpennathur
- Kilvelur - Kinathukadavu - King Cobra - Kingdom of Mysore - Kinwat - Kiran Bedi - Kirandul - Kiranipura - Kiraoli - Kirari Suleman Nagar -
Kiratpur - Kiriburu - Kirtinagar - Kishan Lal Passi - Kishangarh Renwal - Kishni - Kishtwar - Kishunpur - Kithaur - Knanaya - Koath - Kochi -
Kochinda - Kochpara - Kodagu - Kodaikanal - Kodala - Kodalia - Kodarma - Kodava - Kodava Takk - Kodavasal - Kodigenahalli - Kodinar -
Kodiyal - Kodoli - Kodumudi - Koeripur - Koh-i-Noor diamond - Koilwar - Kokkamangalam - Kokkothamangalam - Kokrebellur - Kolachal -
Kolappalur - Kolar - Kolar District - Kolaras - Kolathupalayam - Kolathur - Kolazhy - Kolhapur - Kolkata - Kolkata Mirror - Kollam - Kollam
District - Kollankodu - Kollankoil - Kolleru Lake - Kollywood - Kolvi Mandi Rajendra pura - Komalapuram - Komaralingam - Konanakunte -
Konardihi - Konark - Konavattam - Konch - Kondagaon - Kondalampatti - Kondli - Kondumal - Konganapuram - Kongu Nadu - Konkan -
Konkan Railway - Konkani language - Konnagar - Konnur - Kooraikundu - Koothappar - Kopaganj - Kopharad - Koppal - Koppal District -
Kora Jahanabad - Koradacheri - Koraon - Koraput - Koraput District - Koratagere - Koratla - Koratty - Korochi - Kosamba - Kosi Kalan - Kot
Fatta - Kot Kapura - Kota, Rajasthan - Kota District - Kottapadi -Kottayam - Kottayam-Malabar - Kotdwara - Kotekara - Kothavalasa -
Kothinallur - Kothnur - Kotkhai - Kotma - Kotpad - Kotputli - Kottaiyur - Kottakuppam - Kottaram - Kottivakkam - Kottuvally - Kotwa -
Kouthanallur - Kovurpalle - Kozhikode - Kozhikode District - Krishna - Krishna district - Krishna Raja Sagara - Krishna River - Krishnagiri -
Krishnagiri District - Krishnarajanagar - Krishnarajapura - Krishnarajasagara - Krishnarajpet - Krishnarayapuram - Krishnasamudram - K R
Narayanan - Kshatriya - Kshidirpur - Kshirpai - Kuchaman City - Kuchanur - Kuchera - Kud - Kudchi - Kudligi - Kudlu - Kuhalur - Kuju -
Kukernag - Kukke Subrahmanya Temple - Kukshi - Kul Pahar - Kulasekhara - Kulasekarapuram - Kulgam - Kulihanda - Kulithalai - Kulti -
Kumar Kaibarta Gaon - Kumaon - Kumarakom - Kumarapalayam - Kumarapuram - Kumarghat - Kumbakonam - Kumbh Mela - Kumbhalgarh -
Kunjali Marakkar - Kumbhkot - Kumbhraj - Kumhari - Kundalwadi - Kundarki - Kundgol - Kundrathur - Kunigal - Kuniyamuthur - Kunjaban -
Kunnathur (Kerala) - Kunustara - Kunwargaon - Kunzer - Kupwara - Kurali - Kuraoli - Kurduvadi - Kureekkad - Kurgunta - Kurichi -
Kurinjipadi - Kurnool - Kurnool District - Kurpania - Kursath - Kurthi Jafarpur - Kurud - Kurudampalayam - Kurumbalur - Kurumbapet -
Kurundvad - Kurwai - Kusgaon Budruk - Kushan Empire - Kushtagi - Kusmara - Kustai - Kutch District - Kuthalam - Kuvempu University -
Kwakta - Kyathampalle - Kymore
[edit] L
Labbaikudikadu - Lachhmangarh - Ladakh - Ladakhi language - Ladnu - Ladrawan - Ladwa - Lagaan - Laharpur - Lakarka - Lakh - Lakhenpur -
Lakheri - Lakhna - Lakhnadon - Lakkampatti - Laksar - Lakshadweep - Lakshman Rekha - Lakshmeshwar - Lal Bahadur Shastri - Lal Gopalganj
Nindaura - Lalganj - Lalgudi - Lalitpur - Lalitpur District - Lalkuan - Laloo Prasad Yadav - Lalpet - Lalsot - Lamai - Lambha - Lamjaotongba -
Lamshang - Landaura - Languages of India - Lanja - Lapanga - Lasalgaon - Lateri - Lattikata - Laundi - Lauria NandanGarh - Lauthaha - Lawar
NP - Leander Paes - Ledwa Mahua - Lehragaga - Lengpui - Libas Pur - Licence plates - Lidhorakhas - Lido Tikok - Lido Town - Lilong (Imphal
West) - Lilong (Thoubal) - Limla - Lingiyadih - Lingsugur - Lipu-Lekh pass - List of cities in India - List of firsts in India - List of Gujarati
language television channels - List of Hindus - List of Indian Americans - List of Indian companies - List of Indian composers - List of Indian
districts - List of Indian movie actresses - List of Indian television stations - List of Indians - List of Indians by state - List of islands of India -
List of Mughal emperors - List of people by India state - List of office-holders in India - List of political parties in India - List of political party
symbols in India - List of regions in India - List of rivers in India - List of rivers in Kerala - List of states and territories of India by population -
List of universities in India - Llayangudi - Lodi dynasty - Lodhian Khas - Lodhikheda - Loha - Lohaghat - Loharda - Lohta - Lok Sabha - Loktak
Lake - Lonar crater - Londa - Lormi - Losal - Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests - Loyabad - Lucknow - Ludo - Lumbini - Lumding
Railway Colony - Lungi - Luni River
[edit] M
M. Night Shyamalan - Machalpur - Macherla - Machhiwara - Machhlishahr - Machilipatnam - Madambakkam - Madanpur - Madanrting -
Madaram - Madathukulam - Madavaram - Maddur - Madhav National Park - Madhavnagar - Madhavrao Scindia - Madhoganj - Madhogarh -
Madhugiri - Madhupur - Madhuri Dixit - Madhusudanpur - Madhya Bharat - Madhya Pradesh - Madhya Pradesh cricket team - Madhya Pradesh
High Court - Madhya Pradesh Stock Exchange - Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress - Madhu Sudan - Madippakkam - Madras (cloth) - Madras
(city) - Madras bashai - Madras Presidency - Madukkarai - Madurai - Madurai District - Maduranthakam - Magadha - Magadhi language -
Magadi - Magam - Mahabalipuram - Mahaban - Mahabharata - Mahadevapura - Mahadji Sindhia - Mahadula - Mahakali River - Mahalingpur -
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis - Maham - Mahanadi River - Mahananda River - Maharaja - Maharajganj - Mahar - Maharashtra - Maharashtra
Housing and Development Authority - Mahatma Gandhi - Mahbubnagar - Mahemdavad - Maheshtala - Mahi Kantha - Mahi River - Mahiari -
Mahilpur - Mahira - Mahmud of Ghazni - Mahnar Bazar - Mahoba - Maholi - Mahona - Mahrajganj - Mahroni - Mahu Kalan - Mahua Dabra
Haripura - Mahua Kheraganj - Mahudha - Mahuri - Mahuva - Mahuvar - Mahwa - Maibong - Maidan (Karnataka) - Maidan (Kolkata) -
Mainaguri - Maindargi - Mairang - Mairwa - Maithili language - Maithon - Maitraka - Majgaon - Majhara Pipar Ehatmali - Majhauli Raj -
Majholi - Majitha - Majuli - Makarba - Makardaha - Makhdumpur - Makhu - Makronia - Maksi - Maktampur - Makum - Makundapur - Malabar
region - Malabar Coast - Malabar Coast moist forests - Malabar District - Malabar Hill - Malabars - Malaj Khand - Malankara Syrian Orthodox
Church - Malappuram - Malappuram District - Malavalli - Malayalam calendar - Malayalam cinema - Malayalam language - Malayalam
literature - Malhargarh - Malihabad - Malkangiri - Malkangiri District - Malkapur - Malkera - Malibu Hindu Temple - Mallamooppampatti -
Mallankinaru - Mallar - Mallasamudram - Mallawan - Mallur - Malnad - Malwa - Maloud - Malout - Malpura - Malwan - Mamit -
Manachanallur - Manadur - Manalmedu - Manalurpet - Manamadurai - Manapakkam - Manapparai - Manas National Park - Manavalakurichi -
Manawar - Mancherial - Mandaikadu - Mandala - Mandalgarh - Mandamarri - Mandapam - Mandapeta - Mandarbani - Mandav - Mandawar -
Mandi Dabwali - Mandideep - Mandla - Mandla District - Mandovi River - Mandsaur - Mandsaur District - Mandu - Mandya - Mandya District -
Manegaon - Maneka Gandhi - Maner - Mangalampet - Mangaldoi - Mangalore - Mangalvedhe - Mangawan - Manglaur - Manglaya Sadak -
Mango - Mangrol - Mangrulpir - Manihari - Manikpur - Manikpur Sarhat - Manimutharu - Manipur - Maniyar - Manjhanpur - Manjula
Ghattamaneni - Manjula Vijayakumar - Manmohan Singh - Manmohan Waris - Manoj Das- Manipal Institute of Technology - Manjlegaon -
Mankachar - Mankapur - Manohar Thana - Mansar - Mansinhapur - Mant Khas - Manugur - Manwath - Mappilaiurani - Maradu -
Maraimalainagar - Marakkanam - Maramangalathupatti - Marandahalli - Marathakkara - Marathi language - Marathi television - Marathwada -
Marehra - Marhaura - Mariahu - Mariani - Markayankottai - Maruadih Railway Settlement - Marudur - Maruti Udyog - Marwar - Marwar
Junction - Marwari language - Marwaris - Masaurhi - Maslandapur - Master of Computer Applications - Masulipatnam - Mathura - Maswasi -
Mataundh - Mathabhanga - Mathigiri - Mathura District - Mattan - Mau Aima - Maudaha - Mauganj - Maunath Bhanjan - Maur - Maurawan -
Mauryan dynasty - Mausimaa Temple - Mavilayi - Mavoor - Mawana - Mawlai - Mawsynram - Mayang Imphal - Mayiladuthurai - Mayurbhanj
- Mecheri - Media of India - Meenakshi - Meena Kumari - Meenas - Meerpet - Meerut - Meerut District - Meerut Division - Meghahatuburu
Forest village - Meghalaya - Meghalaya subtropical forests - Meghna River - Meghnagar - Meghraj - Mehara Gaon - Mehatpur Basdehra -
Mehdawal - Meher Baba - Mehgaon - Mehmand - Mehnagar - Mekliganj - Melacheval - Melachokkanathapuram - Melagaram - Melamadai -
Melamaiyur - Melathiruppanthuruthi - Melattur, Kerala - Melpattampakkam - Melvisharam - Memnagar - Memon people -Memunda- Mendu -
Merta City - Metrication in India - Mettupalayam - Mewar - Mewat - Mhasla - Mhaswad - Mhow - Mhowgaon - Middle kingdoms of India -
Midnight's Children - Mihijam - Mihona - Milak - Military of India - Minjur - Mira-Bhayandar - Mira Nair - Miranpur - Mirganj - Mirpur Turk -
miryalaguda Mirza Ghalib - Mirzapur-cum-Vindhyachal - Misrikh-cum-Neemsar - Miss India - Mithapur - Mithe Pur - Mithila - Mitra (Vedic) -
Mizoram - Modakurichi - Mogra Badshahpur - Mogravadi - Mohali - Mohammadabad - Mohammadi - Mohanpur - Mohanpur Mohammadpur -
Mohanur - Mohgaon - Mohiniaattam - Mohiuddinagar - Mohiuddinpur - Mohpa - Mohpada Alias Wasambe - Mokameh - Molakalmuru - Molar
Band - Monoharpur - Monsoon - Moolakaraipatti - Moonak - Moovarasampettai - Mopperipalayam - Moragudi - Moran Town - Moranhat -
Morar Cantonment - Morarji Desai - Morena, India - Morena District - Morshi - Mother India - Mother Teresa - Motipur - Mount Abu - Mount
Everest - Mowa - Mowad - Mowgli - Mrigala - Mudalgi - Mudbidri - Muddebihal - Mudgal - Mudigere - Mudkhed - Mudukulathur -
Mudushedde - Mughal architecture - Mughal Empire - Mughalsarai Railway Settlement - Mugma - Muhajir (Pakistan) - Muhajir Urdu -
Muhamma - Muhammad Ali Jinnah - Muhammad of Ghor - Muhammadabad - Mukandgarh - Mukasipidariyur - Mukerian - Mukhiguda -
Mukkudal - Mukrampur Khema - Muktsar - Mulagumudu - Mulanur - Mulavukad - Mulayam Singh Yadav - Mulgund - Mulk Raj Anand -
Mulki - Mullanpur Dakha - Mullanpur- Garibdas - Multai - Mulur - Mumbai - Mumbai Police - Mumbai Suburban District - Mumbai University
Institute of Chemical Technology - Mumtaz Mahal - Munda languages - Mundargi - Mundera Bazar - Munderi - Mundgod - Mundi - Mundia -
Mundka - Mundra - Mundwa - Mungaoli - Mungeli - Muni Ki Reti - Munirabad Project Area - Munnur - Munsiyari - Murli Manohar Joshi -
Muradnagar - Muragachha - Murbad - Murgathaul - Murgud - Murliganj - Murtijapur - Muruganpalayam - Murum - Murwara (Katni) -
Musabani - Musafirkhana - Musi River - Music of India - Musiri - Muslim - Mussoori - Mustafabad - Muthupet - Muthur - Muttayyapuram -
Muzaffarid dynasty - Mysore - Mysore District - Mysore Division - Mysore (region) - Mysore Kingdom - Mysore state
[edit] N
Nabadwip - Nabagram - Nabagram Colony - Nabarangpur - Nabarangpur District - Nabgram - Nabinagar - Nachane - Nachhratpur Katabari -
Nadathara - Nadaun - Nadigaon - Nadir Shah - Naduvattam - Naga people - Nagabhata II - Nagai Chaudhry - Nagaland - Nagamangala -
Nagapattinam - Nagapattinam District - Nagapur - Nagardeole - Nagarjuna - Nagavakulam - Nagercoil - Nagla - Nagojanahalli - Nagothana -
Nagpur - Nagpur District - Nagpur Division - Nagpur kingdom - Nagpur Province - Nagram - Nagri - Nagri Kalan - Nagrota Bagwan -
Naharkatiya - Nai Bazar - Nai Garhi - Naila Janjgir - Nainana Jat - Nainital - Nainpur - Nainwa - Nakashi art - Nalanda - Nalkheda - Nallampatti
- Naluvedapathy - Namagiripettai - Namakkal - Namakkal District - Nambiyur - Nambol - Namli - Namna Kalan - Namsai - Nanakvada -
Nanauta - Nand Prayag - Nanda - Nanda dynasty - Nanded District - Nanded-Waghala - Nandej - Nandesari - Nandesari INA - Nandi Awards -
Nandi (bull) - Nandigram violence - Nandi Hills, India - Nandivaram-Guduvancheri - Nandura - Nandurbar - Nandurbar District - Nangal Dewat
- Nangal Thakran - Nangavalli - Nangavaram - Nangloi Jat - Nanguneri - Nanjikottai - Nannilam - Nanpara - Naoriya Pakhanglakpa -
Naraingarh - Naraini - Naranammalpuram - Naranapuram - Narasaraopet - Narasimhanaickenpalayam - Narasimharajapura - Narasingapuram -
Narath - Narauli - Naraura - Naravarikuppam - Narayan Wamanrao Tilak - Narayanavanam - Naregal - Narendra Nagar - Nargund -
Narkatiaganj - Narkhed - Narmada River - Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests - Narnaul - Narnaund - Narsinghpur - Narsinghpur District -
Narsingi - Narsipatnam - Narwana - Naseeruddin Shah - Nasiyanur - Nashik - Nashik District - Nashik Division - Naspur - Nasrani -
Nasrullaganj - Natham - Nathampannai - Natibpur - National Centre for Software Technology - National Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuary -
National parks of India - Nathdwara - Nathuram Godse - Nathuram Mirdha - National Democratic Alliance (NDI) - National Human Rights
Commission of India - Natrampalli - Nattapettai - Nattarasankottai - Naubaisa Gaon - Naudhia - Naugachhia - Naugawan Sadat - Naupala -
NavagamGhed - Navalgund - Navalpattu - Navghar-Manikpur - Navi Mumbai - Nawab - Nawalgarh - Nawapur - Naxalite - Naya Baradwar -
Nayabazar - Nayagarh - Nayagarh District - Nayak dynasty - Nazerath - Nazira - Nebadhai Duttapukur - Needamangalam - Neelagiri -
Neelankarai - Neem-Ka-Thana - Neemuch - Neemuch District - Nehon - Nehra - Jawaharlal Nehru - Nehtaur - Neikkarapatti - Neiyyur -
Nellikuppam - Nellimaria - Nelliyalam - Nellore - Nelmangala - Nemili - Nenmenikkara - Neo-Buddhism - Nepal - Nepali language - Nepanagar
- Neripperichal - Nerkunram - Nerkuppai - Nerunjipettai - Nethravathi River -Neuton Chikhli Kalan - New Barrackpur - New Bongaigaon
Railway Colony - New Delhi - New Delhi Municipal Council - New Mahe - Newa Talai - Neykkarappatti - Neyveli - Nibra - Nichlaul - Nicobar
Islands - Nicobarese languages - Nidadavole - Nidhauli Kalan - Nightingale of India - Nilagiri - Nilakkottai - Nilanga - Nildoh - Nilgiri
Biosphere Reserve - Nilgiri Hills - Nilgiri tahr - Nimapada - Nimar - Nirad C. Chaudhuri - Nissim Ezekiel - NIIT - Niwai - Niwari - Nizam
Shahi - Nizampatnam - Nobel laureates of India - Nohar - Nokha - Nimbahera - Nimbhore Budruk - Ningthoukhong - Nipani - Nirmal - Nirmali
- Nirsa - Nokpul - Non-violence - non-resident Indian - Nongmynsong - Nongthymmai - Noor Mahal - Noorpur - North Delhi - North Dumdum -
North East Delhi - North Guwahati - North Kawnpui - North Lakhimpur - North 24 Parganas district - North Vanlaiphai - North West Delhi -
North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests - North Western Ghats montane rain forests - Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests - North
Barrackpur - Northern Circars - Northern dry deciduous forests - Northern Railway Colony - Northwestern thorn scrub forests - Nowgaon -
Nowrozabad (Khodargama) - Nowshehra - Nuapada - Nuapada District - Nuapatna - Numaligarh Refinery Township - Nurpur - Nutan - Nyoria
Husainpur - Nyotini
[edit] O
Obedullaganj - OCL Industrial Township - Odaipatti - Odaiyakulam - Odissi - Odugathur - Oel Dhakwa - Oggiyamduraipakkam - - Oil and
Natural Gas Corporation - Oinam - Okha port - Okni NO.II - Olagadam - Olavanna - Old Maldah - Om Parvat - Omerkhan Daira - Ondal -
Ongole - Opium - Orachha - Orathanadu (Mukthambalpuram) - Ordnance Factories Organisation - Ordnance Factory Itarsi - Ordnance Factory
Khamaria - Ordnance Factory Muradnagar - Oriental and India Office Collections - Orientalism - Orissa - Orissa semi-evergreen forests - Oriya
- Orla - Othakadai - Othakalmandapam - Ottapparai - Out of India theory - O' Valley - Ozar - Ozhukarai- Osho
[edit] P
P. J. Cholapuram - P. L. Deshpande - P. Mettupalayam - P. N. Patti - P. Sainath - P. V. Narasimha Rao - Pachgaon - Pachmarhi - Pachmarhi
Biosphere Preserve - Pachora - Pachore - Pachperwa - Pacode - Padagha - Padaiveedu - Padampur - Paddhari - Padianallur - Padirikuppam -
Padma Bhushan - Padma Shri - Padma Vibhushan - Padmapur - Padrauna - Paduvilayi - Pahalgam - Pahari languages - Pahasu - Paintepur -
Pairagachha - Pakaur - Pakhal - Pakistan - Pal Chourai - Pala Empire - Palacole - Palaganangudy - Palakkad - Palakkad Gap - Palakkappillil -
Palakkodu - Palakurthi - Palamedu - Palani Chettipatti - Palar River - Palasa-Kasibugga - Palasbari - Palashban - Palavakkam - Palavansathu -
Palawa - Palayad - Palayam - Palda - Palej - Palera - Pli - Pali District - Pali, Rajasthan - Palia Kalan - Palissery - Palk Strait - Palladam -
Pallapalayam - Pallapatti - Pallathur - Pallava - Pallikaranai - Pallikkunnu - Pallikonda - Pallipalayam - Pallipalayam Agraharam - Pallipattu -
Palni Hills - Paluvai - Palwancha - Pampore - Pamur - Panagar - Panagudi - Panaimarathupatti - Panapakkam - Panara - Panboli - Panchachuli -
Panchappathis - Panchet - Panchkula Urban Estate - Panchla - Panchmahal - Panchpara - Pandamangalam - Pandariya - Pandavapura - Pandhana
- Pandharkaoda - Pandhurna - Pandya - Pandya Nadu - Pangachhiya (B) - Paniara - Panipat Taraf Ansar - Panipat Taraf Rajputan - Panipat Taraf
Makhdum Zadgan - Panna - Panna District - Pannaikadu - Pannaipuram - Panniyannur - Panoor - Panposh - Pansemal - Panth-Piploda -
Pantheeramkavu - Panuhat - Panvel - Papampeta - Papanasam - Pappankurichi - Papparapatti - Pappinisseri - Pappireddipatti - Par Beliya -
Paramathi - Paranda - Parangipettai - Parashkol - Parasi - Parasia - Paratdih - Paravai - Parbatsar - Parbbatipur - Parcem - Parichha -
Parikshitgarh - Parlakhemundi - Parnera - Parsadepur - Partition of India - Partur - Parvat - Parvathipuram - Parwanoo - Pasan - Paschim Jitpur -
Paschim Punropara - A Passage to India - Pasthal - Patala - Patan, Gujarat - Patan District - Patancheru - Patanjali - Pathalgaon - Pathamadai -
Pathardi - Pathardih - Patharia - Pathiriyad - Pathri - Pathsala - Patiala - Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) - Patiala District -
Patiyali - Patna - Patnagarh - Patratu - Pattadakal - Pattamundai - Pattanagere - Pattinam - Pattiom - Pattiveeranpatti - Pattran - Pattukkottai -
Patuli - Patulia - Patur - Pauni - Pavagada - Pawai - Payal - Pazhugal - Pedana - Peerkankaranai - Pehlad Pur Bangar - Pehowa - Penner River -
Pendra - Penha-de-Franca - Pennadam - Pennagaram - Pennathur - Peraiyur - Perakam - Peralam - Peralasseri - Perambalur - Perambalur District
- Peranamallur - Peravurani - Peringathur - Periya Negamam - Periyakodiveri - Periyakulam - Periyanaickenpalayam - Periyapatti - Periyar
River - Periyasemur - Pernampattu - Persian Empire - Perumagalur - Perumandi - Perumbaikad - Perumuchi - Perungalathur - Perungulam -
Perur - Peshwa - Peth Umri - Pethampalayam - Pethanaickenpalayam - Petlad - Petlawad - Petro Chemical Complex INA - Phalauda - Phalna -
Phalodi - Phaphund - Phek - Phulabani - Phulera - Phulia - Phulpur - Phulwari Sharif - Phulwaria - Phunderdihari - Phuphkalan - Phusro -
Pichhore - Pihani - Pilibanga - Pilibhit - Pilkhana - Pilkhuwa - Pillanallur - Pimpri Chinchwad - Pinahat - Pinarayi - Pindari - Pinjore - Pipalsana
Chaudhari - Piparcity - Pipariya - Pipiganj - Pipili - Piplya Mandi - Pipraich - Pipri - Pirawa - Piriyapatna - Pitapuram - Pithora - Pithoragarh -
Piploda - Podara - Point Calimere - Pokaran - Poladpur - Polasara - Polay Kalan - Polichalur - Politics of India - Polur - Pondar Kanali -
Ponnaiyar River - Ponnamaravathi - Ponnampatti - Ponneri - Ponnur - Ponwar - Poolambadi - Poolampatti - Pooluvapatti - Pooth Kalan - Pooth
Khurd - Porbandar - Porbandar District - Porompat - Porsa - Pothanur - Pothatturpettai - Pottore - Powayan - Prantij - Pratapgarh - Pratapgarh
District - Pratapgarh, Rajasthan - Pratapgarh, Tripura - Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh - Pratapsasan - Pratihara - Pratitnagar - Pravin Togadia -
Prayagpur - President of India - Prime Minister of India - Prince of Wales Museum - Princely state - Prithviraj III - Prithvipur - Puducherry -
Pudukadai - Pudukkottai - Pudukkottai District - Pudupalaiyam Aghraharam - Pudupalayam - Pudupatti - Pudupattinam - Pudur (S) - Pujali -
Pukhrayan - Pul Pehlad - Pulicat - Pulicat Lake - Pulgaon - Puliyankudi - Puliyur - Pullampadi - Punahana - Pune - Pune District - Pune Division
- Punganur - Punjab region - Punjab state - Punjabi language - Punjai Thottakurichi - Punjaipugalur - Punjaipuliampatti - Puranattukara -
Puranpur - Purba Tajpur - Puri (food) - Puri, Orissa - Puri District - Purdilnagar - Purna - Purquazi - Purushottamnagar - Purusottampur -
Purvanchal - Purwa - Puthalam - Puthukkad - Puvalur - Puzhal - Puzhathi - Puzhithivakkam (Ullagaram) - Pynthorumkhrah
[edit] Q
Qasimpur Power House Colony - Qazigund - Quammruddin Nagar - Quepem - Queula - Qutb complex - Qutub Minar - Qutb Shahi dynasty -
Qutb-ud-din Aybak - Quthbullapur
[edit] R
R. Pudupatti - R. S. Mangalam - Rabindranath Tagore - Rabkavi Banhatti - Rabupura - Radaur - Radhakund - Rafiganj - Rafiq Zakaria - Raga -
Raghogarh-Vijaypur - Raghudebbati - Raghunathchak - Raghunathpur - Raghunathpur (PS-Dankuni) - Raghunathpur (PS-Magra) - Rahatgarh -
Rahimatpur - Rahon - Rahta Pimplas - Rahul Dravid - Rahuri - Raichur - Raichur Doab - Raigachhi - Raigarh - Raigad District - Raikot -
Railway Settlement Roza - Raipur Rani - Raisen - Raisen District - Raisinghnagar - Raj Kapoor - Raja - Raja Ka Rampur - Raja Ravi Varma -
Rajagangapur - Rajahmundry - Rajakhedi - Rajakhera - Rajaldesar - Rajapur - Rajarhat Gopalpur - Rajasansi - Rajasthan - Rajasthani languages
- Rajauri - Rajbar - Rajdhani Express - Rajendranagar - Rajgamar - Rajgarh - Rajgarh District - Rajgurunagar (Khed) - Rajiv Gandhi - Rajmata
Vijayraje Scindia - Rajneesh - Rajokri - Rajpramukh - Rajpur - Rajpur Sonarpur - Rajpura - Rajput - Rajputana - Rajsamand - Rajula - Rajur -
Rajura - Rajya Sabha - Rakesh Sharma - Ralam Glacier - Ram Garh - Ram Mohan Roy - Rama - Rama's Bridge - Ramachandrapuram -
Ramachandrapuram (Bhel Township) - Ramakrishna - Ramanathapuram - Ramanathapuram District - Ramanattukara - Ramanayyapeta -
Ramanujganj - Ramappa Temple - Ramapuram, Andhra Pradesh - Ramayana - Ramchandrapur - Ramdass - Ramesh Chandra Lahoti -
Rameswaram - Ramganj Mandi - Ramgarh, Jharkhand - Ramgarh Cantonment - Ramjibanpur - Ramkola - Ramnagar, Uttarakhand - Ramnagar,
Agartala - Ramnagar, Madhya Pradesh - Ramnagar, Uttar Pradesh - Ramol - Rampachodavaram - Rampur Baghelan - Rampur Bhawanipur -
Rampur Karkhana - Rampur Maniharan - Rampur Naikin - Rampura Phul - Ramtek - Ranapur - Ranavav - Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited -
Ranbir Singh Pora - Rangapara - Rangareddy District - Rangavalli - Rana Sangha - Ranakpur - Raniganj - Ranip - Ranipettai - Ranipur, Uttar
Pradesh - Ranirbazar - Rani Lakshmi Bai - Rann of Kutch - Ranoli - Rapar - Rashidpur Garhi - Rashtrakuta - Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh -
Rasra - Rasulabad - Ratangarh - Ratannagar - Ratanpur - Rathore - Ratia - Ratibati - Ratlam - Ratlam District - Ratlam Railway Colony -
Ratnagiri - Ratnagiri District - Raurkela Industrial Township - Ravi - Ravi River - Ravi Shankar - Rawalsar - Rawatbhata - Rawatsar - Raxaul
Bazar - Rau - Rayachoti - Rayadurg - Rayagada - Rayagada District - Rayagiri - Rayalaseema - Raybag - Rayya - Reasi - Reddy - Redhakhol -
Reengus - Reethapuram - Rehambal - Rehli - Rehti - Reis Magos - Reliance Industries Limited - Religara - Religion in India - Religions of
Kerala - Religious pluralism - Remuna - Rengali Dam Projectship - Renigunta - Renukoot - Reoti - Repalle - Reserve Bank of India -
Resubelpara - Revelganj - Rewa - Rewa District - Rewa Division - Rewa Kantha - Rewari (Rural) - Richha - Rickshaw - Rikhabdeo - Rishra -
Risia Bazar - Risod - Rithora - Ritwik Ghatak - R.K. Narayan - Robert Caldwell - Robert Clive - Robertson Pet - Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka -
Roha Ashtami - Rohilkhand - Rohinton Mistry - Rohraband - Rohru - Roing - Roja - Rosalpatti - Rosera - Roshan Pura - Rourkela - Royal
Asiatic Society - Rudauli - Rudayan - Rudra Prayag - Rudrapur - Rudravathi - Rudyard Kipling - Marine archaeology in the Gulf of Cambay -
Ruiya - Ruma Pal - Runji Gautampura - Rura - Rurki Kasba - Rustamnagar Sahaspur
[edit] S
Sabalgarh - Sabarmati River - Sabathu - Sabeer Bhatia - Sachin Tendulkar - Sagar - Sagar Cantonment - Sagar District - Sagar Division - Sathya
Sai Baba - Sai Baba of Shirdi - SAIL - Saint Thomas Christians - Salem - Salem District - Salman Rushdie - Sam Browne - Sambalpur -
Sambalpur District - Sambhaji - Sandalwood - Sangli - Sangli District - Sandhi - Sania Mirza - Sanjay Gandhi National Park - Sankaracharya -
Sansad - Sanskrit - Santaldih - Santali language - Saraswati River - Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel - Sari - Sarkar (film) - Sarojini Naidu -Sarojini
Sahoo- Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan - Sasthamkotta Lake - Satara - Satara District - Satem - Sathya Sai Baba - Sathyamangalam - Sati - Satna -
Satna District - Satpura National Park - Satpura Range - Satyajit Ray - Satyendra Bose - Saugor and Nerbudda Territories - Saurashtra - Saur
valley - Sawai Madhopur - Sayyid dynasty - Scindia - SEBI - Search Engines - Second Anglo-Maratha War - Second Anglo-Mysore War -
Second Anglo-Sikh War - Second Battle of Panipat - Second Battle of Tarain - Sehore - Sehore District - Seoni - Seoni District - Sesha - Sesodia
- Sex-selective infanticide - Shah Jahan - Shahdol - Shahdol District - Shahi - Shajapur - Shajapur District - Sharad Pawar - Shastra - Sheila
Dikshit - Shekhawati - Sheopur - Sheopur District - Sher Shah Suri - Shilparatna - Shimoga - Shimoga District - Shipra River - Shishunaga
dynasty - Shiva - Shivaji - Shivpuri - Shivpuri District - Shiv Sena - Shobhana - Shola - siddham - Sidhi District - Sikar - Sikh Gurus - Sikhism -
Sikkim - Silhara dynasty - Sindh - Sindh River - Sindhudurg - Sindhudurg District - Sino-Indian War - Sino-Tibetan languages - Sirohi - Sirohi
District - Sivaganga - Sivaganga District - Six Acres and a Third -Slave dynasty - Smiling Buddha - Sohra - Solanki - Solapur - Solapur District -
Soma - Somnath - Son River - Sonbhadra - Sonepur - Sonepur District - Sonia Gandhi - South Asia - South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous
forests - South Delhi - South Dumdum - South India - South Kannanur - South Kodikulam - South Nallur - South West Delhi - South Western
Ghats moist deciduous forests - South Western Ghats montane rain forests - Sport in India - Sports in Delhi - Sri Lanka - Sri Sri Ravi Shankar -
Srikakulam - Srirangapatna - Srisailam - Stamps and postal history of India - Star World - State Bank of India - State terrorism - States and
territories of India - Students Islamic Movement of India - Subcontinent - Subramanya (village) - Sundarbans - Sundarbans freshwater swamp
forests - Sundergarh - Sundergarh District - Sunga dynasty - Sunil Gavaskar - Supreme Court of India - Suraiya - Surat - Surat District - Sushruta
- sutra - Swami Dayananda - Swami Keshwanand - Swamithoppepathi - Swami Vivekananda - Swathi Thirunal - Swayamvara - Swastika -
Syrian Christian - Syro-Malabar Church - Syrian Malabar Nasrani - Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
[edit] S (unsorted)
Sabroom - Sachin INA - Sadabad - Sadalgi - Sadasivpet - Sadat Pur Gujran - Sadaura - Sadpur - Sadri - Sadulshahar - Safidon - Safipur -
Sagwara - Sahajadpur - Sahanpur - Sahapur - Sahaspur - Sahaswan - Sahatwar - Sahawar - Sahibabad Daulat Pur - Sahjanwa - Sahnewal -
Sahnidih - Sahpau NP - Saidul Ajaib - Saiha - Sailu - Sainthal - Sainthia - Sairang - Saitual - Saiyad Raja - Sakhanu - Sakit - Sakleshpur -
Salakati - Salangapalayam - Salap - Salarpur Khadar - Salaya - Salempur, Bihar - Saligao - Salumbar - Salur - Samalapuram - Samalkha -
Samalkota - Samathur - Sambavar Vadagarai - Sambhal - Sambhalka - Samdhan - Samrala - Samthar - Samurou - Sanaur - Sanawad - Sancoale -
Sandi - Sandila - Sangamner - Sangli-Miraj & Kupwad - Sangod - Sangole - Sangtar - Sankaramanallur - Sankarapuram - Sankari - Sankarnagar
- Sankarpur - Sankeshwar - Sankhol - Sankrail - Sanoth - Sanquelim - Sansarpur - Santipur - Santokhgarh - Santrampur - Sanvordem - Sao Jose-
de-Areal - Sapatgram - Sarai Aquil - Sarai Mir - Saraidhela - Saraipali - Sarangarh - Sarangpur, Madhya Pradesh - Sarapaka - Saravanampatti -
Sarbhog - Sarcarsamakulam - Sardarshahar - Sardulgarh - Sarenga - Sarigam INA - Sarila - Sarjamda - Sarkaghat - Sarkhej-Okaf - Sarni -
Sarsawan - Sarthebari - Sarupathar - Sarupathar Bengali - Sarwar - Sasauli - Sasni - Sasti - Sasvad - Satalkheri - Sathankulam -
Sathiyavijayanagaram - Sathuvachari - Sathyamangala - Satigachha - Satrikh - Sattenapalle - Satwas - Saunda - Saundatti-Yellamma - Saunkh -
Saurikh - Sausar - Savarkundla - Savda - Savita Bhabhi - Savner - Sawari Jawharnagar - Sawer - Sayalgudi - Sayapuram - Sedam - Seerapalli -
Seevur - Seithur - Sekmai Bazar - Semaria - Sembakkam -Sembukudipatti- Semmipalayam - Senchoa Gaon - Sendhwa - Senthamangalam -
Sentharapatti - Senur - Seohara - Seondha - Seoni Malwa - Serchhip - Serpur - Sethia - Sethiathoppu - Sevilimedu - Sevugampatti - Sewai -
Sewalkhas - Sewarhi - Shahabad ACC - Shahapur - Shahbad - Shahganj - Shahgarh - Shahkot - Shaktigarh - Shaktinagar, Uttar Pradesh -
Shamchaurasi - Shamgarh - Shamli - Shamsabad, Agra - Shankargarh - Shankhanagar - Shekhpura - Shelar - Shenbakkam - Shendurjana -
Shenkottai - Shergarh - Sherkot - Shiggaon - Shikohabad - Shillong Cantonment - Shirhatti - Shirpur-Warwade - Shirur (Maharashtra) - Shirwal
- Shishgarh - Shivatkar (Nira) - Shivli - Shivrajpur - Shivrinarayan - Shohratgarh - Sholavandan - Sholinganallur - Sholur - Shorapur - Shorea
robusta - Shrirampur - Shrirampur(Rural) - Shrirangapattana - Shrivardhan - Shujalpur - Shupiyan - Siana - Siddapur - Siddhaur - Sidhauli -
Sidhpura - Sidlaghatta - Siduli - Sihor - Sihora - Sijhua - Sijua - Sikanderpur, Punjab - Sikandra - Sikandra Rao - Sikandrabad - Sikhong Sekmai
- Sikkarayapuram - Silapathar - Silchar Part-X - Sillewada - Simga - Sindgi - Sindi Turf Hindnagar - Sindkhed Raja - Sinduria - Singahi
Bhiraura - Singampuneri - Singaperumalkoil - Singarayakonda - Singarva - Singnapur - Singoli - Singtam - Singur - Sinhasa - Siolim -
Siralkoppa - Siras Pur - Sirathu - Sirauli - Sirgiti - Sirgora - Sirhind -Fategarh - Sirka - Sirkali - Sirsaganj - Sirsha - Sirsilla - Sirugamani -
Siruguppa - Sisauli - Sitarganj - Sithayankottai - Sithurajapuram - Siuliban - Sivanthipuram - Siwani - Sobhaganj - Socorro (Serula) - Sogariya -
Sohagpur - Sohna - Sojat - Sojat Road - Someshwar - Sompeta - Sonamukhi - Sonamura - Sonari - Sonatikiri - Sonegaon (Nipani) - Songadh -
Sonkatch - Sonpeth - Sorab - Soron - Soyagaon - Soyatkalan - Sri Hargobindpur - Sri Madhopur - Srikalahasti - Srikantabati - Srimushnam -
Srinivaspur - Sriramapuram - Sriramnagar - Srirampur - Srisailam Project (RFC) Township - Srisailamgudem Devasthanam - Srivaikuntam -
Srivilliputhur - St.Thomas Mount-cum-Pallavaram - Sualkuchi - Suchindram - Sugauli - Sugnu - Suhagi - Sujanpur - Sukdal - Suket -
Sukhmalpur Nizamabad - Sukhrali - Suleeswaranpatti - Sultan Pur - Sultan Pur Majra - Sultanganj - Sultanpur Lodhi - Sulur - Sulya - Sunam -
Sundarapandiam - Sundarapandiapuram - Sundarnagar - Sunderbani - Surada - Surajgarh - Surajkaradi - Surampatti - Surandai - Suratgarh -
Suratkal - Surendranagar Dudhrej - Surgana - Suriyampalayam - Suriyawan - Suryaraopeta - Susner - Suthaliya - Swamibagh
[edit] U
Uchana - Uchgaon - UCO Bank - Udaipur - Udaipur, Tripura - Udaipur District - Udaipur Division - Udaipura - Udaipurwati - Udalguri -
Udayarpalayam - Udma - Udpura - Udumalaipettai - Udupi - Udupi District - Ugu - Ujhani - Ujhari - Ujjain - Ujjain District - Ujjain Division -
Ukai - Ukhra - Uklanamandi - Ukwa - Ulhas River - Ulhasnagar - Ullur - Uluberia - Ulundurpettai - Uma Bharati - Umarga - Umaria - Umaria
District - Umarkhed - Umarkote - Umarsara - Umbar Pada Nandade - Umbergaon - Umbergaon INA - Umrangso - Umred - Umri - Umri Kalan -
Umri Pragane Balapur - Uncha Siwana - Unchahar - Unchehara - Unhel - Uniara - United Provinces of Agra and Oudh - University of Mumbai -
University of Patna - Unjalaur - Unjha - Unnamalaikadai - Upleta - Uppal Kalan - Upper Sileru Project Site Camp - Upper Tadong -
Uppidamangalam - Uppiliapuram - Uran Islampur - Urapakkam - Uravakonda - Urmar Tanda - Upper Bagh Devi Temple - Upper Gangetic
Plains moist deciduous forests - Urdu language - Usawan - Usehat - Usilampatti - Utekhol - Uthamapalayam - Uthangarai - Uthayendram -
Uthiramerur - Uthukkottai - Uthukuli - Utran - Uttar Bagdogra - Uttar Durgapur - Uttar Goara - Uttar Kalas - Uttar Kamakhyaguri - Uttar
Krishnapur Part-I - Uttar Latabari - Uttar Mahammadpur - Uttar Pirpur - Uttar Pradesh - Uttar Raypur - Uttara Kannada - Uttarahalli -
Uttarakhand - Uttarpara Kotrung
[edit] V
V. P. Singh - V. Pudur - V.S. Naipaul - Vaastu Shastra - Vadakarai Keezhpadugai - Vadakkanandal - Vadakkuvalliyur - Vadalur - Vadamadurai
- Vadavalli - Vadgaon - Vadgaon Kasba - Vadia - Vadipatti - Vadnagar - Vadugapatti - Vadodara - Vagad - Vaghela - Vaghodia INA - Vaigai
River - Vaijapur - Vaikunta Ekadasi - Vaitheeswarankoil - Vajpayee, Atal Behari - Vajrayana - Valangaiman - Valasaravakkam - Valavanur -
Vallachira - Vallam - Valley of Flowers - Valluvar Kottam - Valparai - Valpoi - Valsad INA - Valvaithankoshtam - Van Rawats - Vanasthali -
Vanavasi - Vandalur - Vandiyur - Vaigai Dam - Vaniputhur - Vanthali - Vanvadi (Sadashivgad) - Vaparala - Vapi INA - Varadarajanpettai -
Varam - Varappuzha - Varca - Varghese Palakkappillil - Vartej - Vasai-Virar - Vasantnagar - Vasco da Gama - Vasco da Gama, Goa - Vashind -
Vasna Borsad INA - Vastral - Vastrapur - Vasudevanallur - Vasundhara Raje Scindia - Vathirairuppu - Vazhapadi - Vedanta - Vedapatti -
Vedapureeswarar temple - Vedaranyam - Vedas - Vedasandur - Vedavathi River - Vedic Civilization - Vedic Saraswati River - Veeraganur -
Veerakeralam - Veerakkalpudur - Veerapandi - Veerappan - Veerappanchatram - Veeravanallur - Veerbhadra - Vehicle Fac. Jabalpur - Vejalpur
- Velampalayam - Vellakinar - Vellakoil - Vellalur - Vellimalai - Vellore - Vellore district - Vellottamparappu - Velur - Vembanad Lake -
Vengampudur - Vengathur - Venkarai - Venkatagiri - Venkatapura - Venmanad - Vennanthur - Vepagunta - Veppathur - Verkilambi -
Vetapalem - Vettavalam - Vicarabad - Viceroy of India - Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute - Vidarbha - Vidisha - Vidisha District - Vijaigarh -
Vijainagar - Vijalpor - Vijapur - Vijay Pur - Vijayanagara - Vijayanagara empire - Vijayapura - Vijayapuri - Vijayapuri (North) - Vijayawada -
Vijayraghavgarh - Vikasnagar - Vikram Seth - Vikramshila - Vikramasingapuram - Vikravandi - Vilangudi - Vilankurichi - Vilapakkam -
Vilavur - Villiappally - Villukuri - Viluppuram - Viluppuram District - Vindhya Pradesh - Vindhya Range - Vinod Khosla - Vinukonda -
Viramgam - Virasaivism - Virudhachalam - Virudhunagar - Virudhunagar District - - Virupakshipuram - Visakhapatnam - Visakhapatnam
District - Visavadar - Vishwa Hindu Parishad - Vishrampur - Visnagar - Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum - Viswanatham -
Vitthal Udyognagar INA - Vyara
[edit] W
Wadgaon Road - Wadi ACC - Waghapur - Wainganga River - Wajegaon - Walajabad - Walani - Waliv - Walluvanad - Wanadongri -
Wanaparthi - Wangoi - Wankaner - Wara Seoni - Warangal - Wardha River - Warhapur - Warisaliganj - Warud - Wayanad - Wazirganj - West
Banas River - West Bengal - West Delhi - Western Railway - Wipro - Wodeyar
[edit] X

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[edit] Y
Yadava Dynasty - Yairipok - Yakshagana - Yavatmal - Yavatmal District - Yawal - Yelbarga - Yellapur - Yenagudde - Yeola - Yerkheda -
Yerraguntla - Yoga - Yuvraj Singh
[edit] Z
Zalod - Zamania - Zamin Uthukuli - Zamorin - Zanskar - Zawlnuam - Zee TV - Zero - Ziauddin Pur - Zirakpur - Zoroastrianism - Zubin Mehta
[edit] See also

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