Name______________________________

Class __________________

Chapter 39 Endocrine and Reproductive Systems

Date ______________

Chapter Test A

Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on
the line provided.
____ 1. The endocrine system
a. affects only the reproductive system.
b. releases hormones into the bloodstream.
c. competes with the nervous system.
d. is made up primarily of glands with ducts.
____ 2. Unlike endocrine glands, exocrine glands
a. have ducts.
b. release hormones.
c. release secretions directly into the
bloodstream.
d. are found throughout the body.
____ 3. A thermostat is a good example of a(an)
a. hormone-receptor complex.
b. feedback system.
c. prostaglandin.
d. exocrine gland.

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____ 4. Which structure in Figure 39-1 regulates the

level of calcium in the blood?
a. C
c. E
b. D
d. F

B
G
C
H
D

____ 5. Which gland produces epinephrine and

norepinephrine?
a. parathyroid
c. pituitary
b. hypothalamus
d. adrenal
____ 6. Which of the following secondary sex
characteristics is caused by testosterone?
a. deepening of the voice
b. widening of the hips
c. development of breasts
d. all of the above

Figure 39-1

____ 7. Which structure produces sperm?

a. scrotum
b. epididymis
c. seminiferous tubules
d. vas deferens

Chapter 39 Test A 477

Name______________________________

Class __________________

Date ______________

____ 8. When during the menstrual cycle does an egg have the best
chance of being fertilized?
a. during the follicular phase
b. just before menstruation
c. at the beginning of the luteal phase
d. on the day of ovulation
____ 9. Menstruation does not occur if the
a. uterine lining thickens.
b. estrogen level falls.
c. progesterone level falls.
d. egg is fertilized.
____10. A zygote is a
a. two-celled embryo.
b. solid ball of about 50 cells.
c. blastocyst.
d. fertilized egg.
____11. The chances of fertilization are very good if sperm are present
when a(an)
a. blastocyst is already present.
b. egg is in a Fallopian tube.
c. woman is menstruating.
d. all of the above
____12. Which of the following are required for fertilization to occur
inside the female body?
a. Sperm must swim into a Fallopian tube.
b. An egg must be present in the Fallopian tube.
c. The nucleus of a sperm must enter an egg cell.
d. all of the above

____14. Which of the following is a function of the placenta?

a. mixing the blood of the mother and the fetus
b. protecting the fetus from any drugs or alcohol in the
mothers body
c. providing nutrients to the fetus
d. cushioning and protecting the fetus
____15. Which of the following is characteristic of infancy?
a. Teeth appear.
b. Puberty begins.
c. The first signs of aging appear.
d. An individual reaches 70 percent of his or her height.
478

Chapter 39 Test A

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____13. What is the result of gastrulation?

a. a blastocyst
c. the amnion
b. a zygote
d. germ layers

Name______________________________

Class __________________

Date ______________

Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
16. The ___________________ system is made up of glands that release their products into
the ___________________ .
17. The shortest phase of the menstrual cycle is ___________________ .
18. The testes are contained in an external sac called the ___________________ .
19. During ___________________ , three germ layers form. They are called
___________________ , ectoderm, and mesoderm.
20. A problem with the ___________________ can disrupt an embryos respiration,
nourishment, and excretion.

Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided.
21. Compare endocrine glands and exocrine glands. Give an example
of each kind of gland.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

22. What are prostaglandins? How are they different from true
hormones?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

23. Give an example of how the endocrine system maintains

homeostasis.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

24. List the structures that sperm pass through from the time they are
produced until they are expelled from the male body.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 39 Test A 479

Name______________________________

Class __________________

Date ______________

25. Many sperm will take the same path toward fertilizing an egg.
What prevents more than one sperm from fertilizing an egg?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Using Science Skills

Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines
provided.
HYPOTHALAMUS

TRH
(releasing
hormone)

(inhibits)
High thyroxine level

(stimulates)
(inhibits)

ANTERIOR PITUITARY
TSH

Thyroxine

THYROID GLAND

(stimulates)

Thyroxine

Target cells in the body

Figure 39-2

26. Interpreting Graphics What does Figure 39-2 show?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

28. Inferring Based on Figure 39-2, which hormone directly stimulates

target cells in the body?
_________________________________________________________________________________

480

Chapter 39 Test A

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27. Interpreting Graphics Based on Figure 39-2, what happens as the

level of thyroxine increases in the blood?

Name______________________________

Class __________________

Date ______________

29. Predicting Give an example of how Figure 39-2 would change to

show a person who has hyperthyroidism. What are some
symptoms of this condition?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

30. Applying Concepts Look at Figure 39-2. How will the three
endocrine glands shown behave on a cold day when the body
needs a higher level of metabolic activity to stay warm?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Essay

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Write the answer to each question in the space provided.

31. Describe complementary hormone action and give an example.

Chapter 39 Test A 481

Name______________________________

Class __________________

Date ______________

32. Identify the functions of the hormones released by the pituitary

gland. What controls the release of these hormones?

33. Describe the action of nonsteroid hormones.

34. What is puberty?

482

Chapter 39 Test A

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35. What characteristics are produced in males and females by their

sex hormones?