Mid Semester Test.

SBB3023 BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION OF PROTISTA AND ANIMALIA
MID SEMESTER TEST SEMESTER 2 SESSION 2010/2011
1. a. b. c. d. e.
The evolution of a coelom allows for bilateral symmetry to develop cephalization to occur the development of a larger and longer digestive tract the expansion of gonads c and d
2.
Which of the following features in embryonic development of deuterostomes does not represent a revolutionary difference from protostomes?
a. b. c. d.
pattern of blastopore formation radial cleavage pattern for cell division spiral cleavage pattern for cell division the first cleavage divisions of the fertilized embryo produce identical daughter cells, and any single cell, if separated can develop into a complete organism
e.
the coelom is normally produced by an invagination of the archenteron
3.
Of the following combination of statements about protostomes and deuterostomes, which choice is correct?
a.
Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.
b.
Protostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore. The mouth of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth develops secondarily later in their development.
c.
Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of protostomes develops from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals
in which the mouth develops from the blastopore and the anus develops secondarily later in their development. d. Protostomes are animals in which the mouth or anus develops from the blastopore, depending on the species. Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth and anus develops from the blastopore, depending on the species.
4. a.
Select the incorrect statement about deuterostomes from the following choices. Deuterostomes demonstrate radial cleavage in their embryonic development.
b. Deuterostomes display indeterminate development. c. A deuterostome's coelom is produced by evagination of the archenteron. d. Examples of deuterostomes are echinoderms and chordates. e. From rRNA studies, it appears that deuterostomes gave rise to protostomes.
5. a. b. c. d. e.
Protostomes develop through spiral cleavage radial cleavage axial cleavage polar cleavage protocleavage
6. a. b. c.
In animals which display indeterminate development embryonic cells have a predetermined fate bilateral symmetry cannot develop early embryonic cells, if separated from the embryo, can develop into complete organisms
d. e.
embryonic cells show spiral cleavage the blastopore develops into the mouth
7.
A biologist discovered a new animal. Upon studying embryonic development, she observed radial cleavage with the blastopore developing into an anus. This animal was categorized as a
a. b. c. d. e.
parazoan radiata deuterstome protostome chordostome
8. a. b. c. d. e.
In which phylum of marine animals did symmetrical body plans first evolve? Radiata Ctenophora Cnidaria Echinodermata both b and c
9. a. b. c. d. e.
Bilateral symmetry in animals confers anterior and posterior areas to the body allows for greater efficiency in movement creates a body design of two mirror images allows for efficiency in seeking food and mates all of the above
10. Which of the following characteristics is not common to all animal species? a. b. c. d. heterotroph motility nervous system eukaryote
11. Which of the following describes the probable ancestral species of all animals? a. b. c. d. colonial cyanobacterium hollow, ball-shaped colony of protist cells yeast-like organism predatory amoeba
12. Which of the following species exhibits radial symmetry? a. b. c. d. jellyfish centipede human oyster
13. In animals, a body cavity is _______. a. b. c. d. a digestive tract or gut an area containing muscles a fluid-filled space in which internal organs are suspended an opening for the respiratory tract
14. In protostomes, the initial opening in the embryo develops into the _______. a. b. c. d. mouth anus schizocoelom enterocoelom
15. According to modern molecular analyses, which of the following groups belongs in the protostome lineage? a. b. c. d. Parazoa Radiata Lophotrochozoa Deuterostomia
16. Which group was not recognized as a major lineage using traditional analysis of morphology and embryology, before the application of molecular techniques? a. b. Parazoa Radiata
c. d.
Bilateria Ecdysozoa
17. All of the following features are characteristic of protists except _______. a. b. c. d. a true nucleus sexual reproduction complex developmental stages multiple, linear chromosomes
18. Protists include cells that _______. a. b. c. d. live independently form colonies make up multicellular organisms all of the choices
19. The contractile vacuole functions to _______. a. b. c. d. store energy-rich molecules propel the cell through water, mud, or bodily fluids digest prey expel water that enters through osmosis
20. Protists are least likely to be found in _______. a. b. c. d. the human body fresh water mud desert sand
21. Giardia lamblia is a protist that is a _______. a. b. parasite spread by fecal contamination of drinking water motile sexually transmitted organism
c. d.
motile photosynthetic heterotroph free-living nonmotile autotroph
22. Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African sleeping sickness, is classified with the _______. a. b. c. d. euglenoids kinetoplastids ciliates dinoflagellates
23. Which of the following events does not occur during conjugation of Paramecium? a. b. c. d. The two cells form a cytoplasmic bridge, and then each micronucleus undergoes meiosis. The macronucleus in each cell degenerates. Three micronuclei degenerate, and one micronucleus divides by mitosis. Partners disengage and divide to form daughter cells having three micronuclei and one macronucleus.
24. Amoebas with axopods and glassy internal cytoskeletons are _______. a. b. c. d. Radiolarians Foraminifera Chlorarachniophyta cellular slime molds
25. Which of the following statements about amoebas is true? a. b. c. d. Acanthamoeba lives in streams and ponds. Amoeba proteus causes amoebic dysentery, a severe diarrheal disease. Entamoeba histolytica creates resistant cells that hatch to release new amoebas. Amoebas undergo a conjugation process during which micronuclei are traded between cells.
26. All of the following features are characteristic of choanoflagellates except a _______. a. b. c. d. flagellum that pushes the cell similarity to amoebocyte cells of sponges collar of microvilli molecular sequence homology to animals
27. Land plants are thought to have evolved via a pathway of _______. a. primary endosymbiosis during which a prokaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic cyanobacterium b. secondary endosymbiosis during which a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a red algae c. primary endosymbiosis during which a eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthetic cyanobacterium d. secondary endosymbiosis during which a nonphotosynthetic eukaryote engulfed a green alga ancestor
28. Protists are characterized by a. b. c. d. e. division by binary fission. multicellular structures. complex digestive systems. peptidoglycan cell walls. organelles and reproduction by meiosis/mitosis.
29. Which of the following is not found among the protist groups? a. b. c. d. e. life cycles contractile vacuoles pellicles collagen pseudopodia
30. When Paramecium conjugate a. cytoplasmic division produces four daughter cells, each having two micronuclei and two macronuclei. b. one haploid micronucleus in each cell remains intact; the other three degenerate. The micronucleus of each cell divides once, producing two nuclei, and each cell exchanges one nucleus with the other cell. In each partner the two micronuclei fuse, forming a diploid zygote micronucleus in each cell. c. and the partners disengage, the micronucleus of each divides meiotically. Macronuclei divide again in each cell and the original micronucleus breaks down. Each cell has two haploid micronuclei; one of the macronuclei develops into a micronucleus. d. e. the mating cells join together at opposite sites of their oral depression. the micronucleus in each cell undergoes mitosis. When mitosis is complete there are four diploid macronuclei; the micronucleus then breaks down.
31. Plasmodium is transmitted to humans by the bite of a mosquito (Anopheles) and engages in a life cycle with infective spores, gametes, and cysts. This infective protist belongs to the group a. b. c. d. e. Apicomplexa. Heterokonts. Dinoflagellata. Oomycota. Ciliophora.
32. Phylum Porifera contains animals commonly called _______. a. b. c. d. comb jellies sea cucumbers sea anemones sponges
33. Which of the following animals does not belong to Phylum Cnidaria? a. b. c. d. jellyfish sea urchin sea anemones coral
34. Ctenophores feed by _______. a. b. c. d. filtering food particles in through pores and out through an osculum stinging prey with nematocysts capturing microscopic plankton with their sticky tentacles strangling prey in their tentacles
35. Which of the following characteristics is not typical of most animals? a. b. c. d. e. heterotrophic sessile bilaterally symmetrical multicellular motile at some stage of life cycle
36. A body cavity that separates the digestive system from the body wall but is not completely lined with mesoderm is called a a. b. c. d. e. schizocoelom. mesentery. peritoneum. pseudocoelom. hydrostatic skeleton.
37. Protostomes and deuterostomes typically differ in a. b. their patterns of body symmetry. the number of germ layers during development.
c. d. e.
their cleavage patterns. the size of their sperm. the size of their digestive systems.
38. The nematocysts of cnidarians are used primarily for a. b. c. d. e. capturing prey. detecting light and dark. courtship. sensing chemicals. gas exchange.
39. Multicellularity leads to larger body size because a. b. c. most metabolic exchanges occur within the cell building a mass with smaller units decreases the surface area for metabolic activities it is possible to maintain a workable surface-to-mass ratio by increasing the size of a single cell d. none of the above
40. The adaptive radiation of sponges is mainly due to a. b. c. d. an increase in body size cell differentiation for various functions a unique water current system none of the above
41. Compared to the sponges, the radial animals are much more advanced in their a. b. c. d. respiratory system. excretory system. nervous system. circulatory system.
42. A common characteristic of cnidarians is a. b. c. d. an osculum. dimorphism and often polymorphism. gills. choanocytes.
43. The class of cnidarians with the most conspicuous medusa stage is a. b. c. d. Hydrozoa. Scyphozoa. Anthozoa. Ctenophora.
44. The medusa of Obelia is the a. b. c. d. sexual jellyfish stage. sexual colonial stage. asexual jellyfish stage. asexual colonial stage.
45. Sea anemones and corals lack a. b. c. d. a sexual stage. an asexual stage. a polyp stage. a medusa stage.
46. Reef-building corals have mutualistic algal cells in their tissues called a. b. c. d. coralline algae. zooxanthellae. kelp. Euglena.
47. The ______________ are often bioluminescent.
a. b. c. d.
Anthozoans Ctenophores Hydrozoans Scyphozoans
ESSAY
1. Explain briefly main characteristics that are used in classifying animals. (10 marks) 2. Why are Poriferans, that may come in all sizes limited to feeding on microscopic particles? (5 marks) 3. List two Phyla that possess only one (single) opening. How is food processed within their digestive cavity? (5 marks) 4. How polyp is differ from medusa? How do they influence the animal of the Cnidarians? (10 marks)

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SBB3023 BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION OF PROTISTA AND ANIMALIA