ESS

TS CHAPTER 8

UNDERSTANDING INTERNET WORLD

Introduction

Suppose you want some information on the first president of Uni States, and you do not have enough information available in you library. What feeling will be developed if you are able to have an access to many libraries in US and other countries and get the di of the required information on your computer screen? Really, it w be an amazing and wonderful job. But, it is possible only due to Internet.

The Internet is a world-wide collection of computers network. It provides access to communication services and information reso to millions of users around the globe. It has changed the way of millions of peoples business and work. Internet is a terrific revol in the field of science and information technology. Today, where you go, you can interact with the term Internet and see its vario uses such as talking or chatting with other people around the, w buying and selling of goods, sending e-mails etc. Internet is also called, the Network of Networks .
Origin of Internet

Initially, the concept of Internet arised in the mind of Americas defence department called "Advance Research Project Agency" i year 1960. It was the time when the USA and the USSR (at that were busy in cold war. At that time, US needed to send some urg messages to their Army, Navy and Airforce. Hence, to establish t communication gap - they used the medium of Electronic Texts based on Internet. Slowly and slowly, the fame of Internet sprea over the world and it took little time to attract many educational

institutions, business organizations and scientific research agenc situated all over the world. In 1969, the" first version of network built and it connected four universities together under the name Arpanet.
What you can do on Internet

Internet is the cheap and fastest means of communication and b exchange of information you can get information, provide inform and compile information in quick time. The Internet offers acces data, graphics, sound, text and people through a variety of servi and tools for communication and data exchange. The E-mail is on the services provided on the Internet. It is nothing but an electro means of mail. Through E-mail, you can send letters and other fi other Internet users. There is a newsgroup, where the various u take part in group discussion on a particular Topic. You can also with other users on the Internet who may be living in US or UK. this chat program, written messages are displayed On-line. You also play games with other users On-line. In the business world, can sell and buy the products over the Internet. It is treated as a Global market because the whole world is able to access with yo You can find and choose jobs on the Internet. So, there are endle uses of Internet today.

One of the very popular feature of the internet is the world wide (w.w.w). the web (as it is commonly called ) is a collection of locations (called web sites or home pages ) that offers an attract and easy-to-use interface.
Connecting to Internet

Essential Requirements: To access the Internet, the essential components required are -

computer, a telephone Connection and a Modem. Modem is a transmitting device which helps in transferring analog signals in digital signals and vice-versa. The computer uses or understands digital signals whereas in telephone wires analog signals are pas So, a modem allows your computer to connect with other compu around the world through telephone lines.

These are the hardware requirements for the Internet connectio But the user also needs a communication software such as Telex PC Plus to access the Internet Service Provider (lSP). In India, t Internet Service Providers are VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Lim Satyam, Glide, Mantra, MTNL etc. The Internet Service Provider o helps a user to access the Internet address site.

The proper access to the Internet depends on two things, namel users interface connection and the installed browsers. Browsers the client softwares that allow the users to display and interact w Internet documents. Different networks provide different kinds o services and connections the type of connection chosen by the u depends on the purpose for which the user intends to use the Internet.

A dedicated connection allows the users computer to remain connected to the Internet 24 hours a day. Dedicated access is th direct link to the Internet. Another is Dial-up access to the Inter when the user needs to access the Internet through service prov The user can have two kinds of accounts - SLIP accounts and PP accounts-which is collectively known as IP accounts. A service provider has direct access to the Internet and provides Internet services to other users. The service providers assign addresses t users.

BROWSERS

A browser is a client based software that acts as an interface bet the user and the inner workings of the Internet; specifically the Wide Web. A browser helps in following ways: 1. It contacts the Web servers and sends a request for informati

2. It receives the information and then displays it on the users computer. World Wide Web is a services of servers that are interconnected through hypertext. A hypertext is a method of presenting information in which certain text is highlighted, when selected, displays more information on the particular topic. Thes highlighted "items are called hyperlinks and allow the users to m from one document to another that may be located on different servers.

There are two most important browsers which are popularly own Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. The Internet Explorer the creation of Microsoft Company whereas Navigator is made by Netscape. A browser can be of two types, namely, graphics-base text-based. Most of the Internet browsers are graphics-based.
Microsoft Internet Explorer

This is based on National Center for Super-computing Application (NCSA) and is distributed under a licensing agreement with Spyg Inc. This is a shareware software and can be downloaded from t Internet. As soon as you click the Internet Explorer icon on your desktop, you can get an opening screen of it. In this software th are various things which are as under:

Title bar: It is a long horizontal bar displaying the name of softw and document being used. It also holds at its right side the minim

and close buttons.

Menu Bar: It displays all the menus of Internet Explorer such as Edit, View, Favorites, Tools and Help. With the help of these men you can do browser settings, open a file, save a file and print we pages.

Tool Bar: It is a horizontal bar which contains all the control butt with which you can navigate on the Internet. Some of them are Forward, Back, Stop, Refresh controls. There is also a Search con button which searches for the specified web site.

Links Bar: It is also a horizontal shaped bar which enables you to up a link to Your window. You can also link to other windows thr this bar.

Scroll Bar: The scroll bar is seen. at the right and bottom of the window. You can use this scroll bar to navigate through the web pages on the windows screen.
Web Sites

Web sites are the informative pages of World Wide Web. You can access a web site via any web browser. Web sites provide the resources attached to a network on your PC. For example, if you to start a business over the Net, you can set up your web site providing full details of the products and services offered by you

There are various web sites which provide different kinds of faci and informations like an e-mail, chat rooms, c1assifieds, jobs, entertainments, news etc. For example,

1. www.hotmail.comis a web site which provides free e-mail faci

2. www.thetimesofIndia.comis a web site of popular newspaper The Times of India which provides full details of news on the Internet.

Search engines are the web sites which provide the user to searc keyword or combination of keywords, for example, yahoo. com. The latest software packages used to develop a web site are Frontpage2000, HTML, DHTML, JAVA etc.
Web Address

The addressing on the Internet is a systematic way to identify pe computers and Internet resources. Whenever you want to conne another computer on the network or transfer some information t that computer, your first requirement will be to know the compu address where you want to connect.

It is done by IP address system which identifies for a particular machine on a particular network. Web addresses are always uniq and no two different systems can have the same web address. It known as Uniform Resource Locator or URL, as:

1. http://www.microsoft.comis a web address of Microsoft Comp

2. http://www.hindumarriage.comis a web address for matrimo 3. http://www.tspbooks.com is a web address of three star publication (P) Ltd., Delhi.
Web Pages

Web pages are the informative pages on the web sites which giv information about various topics. Web pages reside in. web serv

Today, there are many web pages which are Multimedia. Enabled of sound, pictures, video clippings and interactiyity.
Hyperlink & Hypertext

A link in a web document can be used to open other documents. the web pages, you can see some of the words highlighted and underlined. These highlighted text on the web pages are called hyperlinks and allow the user to navigate from one document to another that may be located on different servers. This highlighte text contains various types of informations in it. The method of presenting the information in which certain text is highlighted is called hypertext.

The hypertext is actually drill-down text. When you click on this, information about the related topic is displayed.When you place mouse pointer on the hypertext, the shape of pointer changes fr arrow to hand.
Home Page

It is the first hypertext document displayed when the user first connects to any web site on the web server. It is generally an ind page of any organization or information resource.

The Home pages have the various link text which take the user t further levels of information within the same topic.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

It is such an encoding scheme which is basically used to create a document on the web servers. It is a versatile computer languag used in the field of Internet technology to create and design a w page.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

It is such a protocol used on the web to transfer hypertext docum

Web Servers

It is a place where the web pages reside. It is such programs wh respond to requests from the web browsers to access the desire sites or web pages. Internet Information Server (IIS) is a popula web server designed by Microsoft Company.
How to type a Web Address

As discussed above, a web address is the location of other comp on the web server. If you want to connect your computer to som other computers on the Internet, then a web address is needed t typed in the address window of the screen. When you type the address in the address box, Just press the Enter key. The mentio address site will be loaded on your screen. If it is not coming on screen after some time then click the Refresh button and then it load the mentioned site. In the web address, if a single characte becomes mismatch then it will not connect to the destination computer. So, always type the exact web site address in the add box.
Whats Surfing?

The term surfing means exploring the web on the Internet. Unt recently, surfing was a typical approach for finding information o web. Surfing is a unstructured and random browsing. Suppose y are in search for some information on the web. While searching, found some interesting information and now you started searchi this current interest. This is known as surfing. So, surfing starts a particular web page following links from page to page guessing right choices and expecting to reach the desired place sooner or

Generally, the surfing is done in the interested areas of user. Sur is the browsing without tools. One of the most important part of surfing is that while surfing the web pages you may come across about various interesting things which you can bookmark for the future use.
E-Mail

Like you have postal address so that letters can be delivered at y place, you have e-mail address so that anybody sending a mail c specify this e-mail address. An e-mail address is responsible for getting your mail. Some of the e-mail addresses and their pronunciations are given below: jobro22@hotmail.com - jobro22 at hotmail dot com tspbooks@bol.net.in - tspbooks at bol dot net dot in

sunny2001@mantraonline.com - sunny2001 at mantraonline dot

Remember@ is pronounced as at and all the alphabets are in sma case.

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