List of muscles of the human body

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Skeletal muscles homo sapiens Muscles of the human body: Overview Head | Neck | Torso | Upper limbs | Lower limbs This is a table of muscles of the human anatomy. There are approximately 640 skeletal muscles within the typical human, and almost every muscle constitutes one part of a pair of identical bilateral muscles, found on both sides, resulting in approximately 320 pairs of muscles, as presented in this article. Nevertheless, the exact number is difficult to define because different sources group muscles differently, e.g. regarding what is defined as different parts of a single muscle or as several muscles. Examples range from 640 to 850.[1] The muscles of the human body can be categorized into a number of groups which include muscles relating to the head and neck, muscles of the torso or trunk, muscles of the upper limbs, and muscles of the lower limbs. The action refers to the action of each muscle from the standard anatomical position. In other positions, other actions may be performed.

Contents
[hide] 1 Muscles of head and neck: the head o 1.1 Scalp/Eyelid o 1.2 Extraocular muscles o 1.3 Intraocular o 1.4 Ear o 1.5 Nose o 1.6 Mouth o 1.7 Mastication o 1.8 Tongue 1.8.1 Extrinsic 1.8.2 Intrinsic o 1.9 Soft palate o 1.10 Pharynx o 1.11 Larynx 2 Muscles of head and neck: the neck o 2.1 Cervical o 2.2 Suprahyoid o 2.3 Infrahyoid/Strap o 2.4 Vertebral 2.4.1 Anterior 2.4.2 Lateral 3 Muscles of torso o 3.1 Back o 3.2 Suboccipital o 3.3 Chest o 3.4 Abdomen o 3.5 Pelvis o 3.6 Perineum 4 Muscles of upper limbs o 4.1 Vertebral column o 4.2 Thoracic walls o 4.3 Shoulder o 4.4 Arm

4.4.1 Anterior compartment 4.4.2 Posterior compartment o 4.5 Forearm 4.5.1 Anterior compartment 4.5.1.1 Superficial 4.5.1.2 Deep 4.5.2 Posterior compartment 4.5.2.1 Superficial 4.5.2.2 Deep o 4.6 Hand 4.6.1 Lateral volar 4.6.1.1 Thenar 4.6.2 Medial volar 4.6.3 Intermediate 5 Muscles of lower limb o 5.1 Iliac region o 5.2 Buttocks o 5.3 Thigh 5.3.1 anterior compartment 5.3.2 posterior compartment/hamstring 5.3.3 medial compartment o 5.4 Leg 5.4.1 anterior compartment 5.4.2 posterior compartment 5.4.2.1 Superficial 5.4.2.2 Deep 5.4.3 lateral compartment o 5.5 Foot 5.5.1 Dorsal 5.5.2 Plantar 5.5.2.1 1st layer 5.5.2.2 2nd layer 5.5.2.3 3rd layer 5.5.2.4 4th layer 6 Innervation overview 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links

[edit] Muscles of head and neck: the head

[edit] Scalp/Eyelid
Muscle occipitofrontalis depressor supercilii Origin 2 occipital bellies and 2 frontal bellies. Medial orbital rim Insertion galea aponeurotica Medial aspect of bony orbit Artery Nerve facial nerve facial nerve Action raises the eyebrows Depression of eyebrow Antagonis t corrugator supercilii superciliary arches forehead skin, near eyebrow facial nerve wrinkles forehead

[edit] Extraocular muscles

Muscle superior tarsal Rectus: Muscle Origin

Origin

Insertion tarsal plate, upper eyelid

Artery

Nerve

Action

Antagonist

levator palpebrae superioris sphenoid bone

ophthalmic artery oculomotor nerve

retracts//elevates eyelid orbicularis oculi muscle

underside of levator palpebrae superioris superior tarsal plate of the eyelid ophthalmic artery sympathetic nervous system raise the upper eyelid Insertion 7.5 mm superior to the corneal limbus 6.5 mm inferior to the corneal limbus 5.5 mm medial to the corneal limbus 7 mm temporal to the corneal limbus Insertion Outer posterior quadrant of the eyeball Artery Nerve oculomotor nerve inferior branch of oculomotor nerve inferior division of the oculomotor nerve abducens nerve Artery lateral muscular branch of the ophthalmic artery Nerve trochlear nerve oculomotor nerve Action accommodation pupil dilation constricts pupil Nerve facial nerve Action (Wiggle ears) iris sphincter muscle iris dilator muscle Antagonist Action elevates, adducts, and rotates medially the eye depression and adduction adducts the eyeball abducts the eyeball Action primary: intorsion. secondary:abduct (laterally rotate) and depress the eyeball extorsion, elevation, abduction

Anta

superior annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex inferior medial lateral Oblique: Muscle Origin superior inferior annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex, medial to optic canal annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex annulus of Zinn at the orbital apex

Anta

orbital surface of the maxilla, lateral laterally onto the eyeball, deep to the lateral to the lacrimal groove rectus, by a short flat tendon Origin Insertion Artery Nerve oculomotor nerve (parasympathetics) superior cervical ganglion (sympathetics) short ciliary nerves Origin galeal aponeurosis Auriculares muscles Insertion front of the helix, cranial surface of the pinna galea aponeurotica neck of stapes Eustachian tube handle of the malleus superior tympanic artery Artery Nerve facial nerve Artery

[edit] Intraocular
Muscle ciliary iris dilator iris sphincter Antagonist

[edit] Ear
Muscle auriculares temporoparietalis stapedius tensor tympani

control the amplitude of sound waves to the inner ear

medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular tensing the tympanic membrane nerve Action Antagonist

[edit] Nose
Muscle Origin procerus nasalis Muscle Insertion From fascia over the lower skin of the lower part of the of the nasal bone forehead between the eyebrows Maxilla Origin Nasal bone Temporal and Lower Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve, Draws down the medial angle of the eyebrow (a Buccal branch has also been described) giving expressions of frowning Buccal branch of the facial nerve Insertion skin near the margin of the nostril Artery Nerve Buccal branch of the facial nerve Compresses bridge, depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils Action Dilation of nostrils Antagonist

dilatator naris margin of the nasal notch of the maxilla, greater and lesser alar cartilages

Muscle depressor septi nasi levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Origin incisive fossa of the maxilla maxilla

Insertion nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle nostril and upper lip

Artery Nerve

Action

Antagonist

Buccal branch of the facial Depression of nasal septum nerve buccal branch of the facial dilates the nostril; elevates the upper lip and wing nerve of the nose

[edit] Mouth
Muscle levator anguli oris depressor anguli oris Muscle levator labii superioris depressor labii inferioris Zygomaticus: Muscle major minor Muscle mentalis buccinator orbicularis oris risorius Origin Medial infra-orbital margin oblique line of the mandible, between the symphysis and the mental foramen Origin anterior of zygomatic zygomatic bone Origin anterior mandible alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe Maxilla and mandible parotid fascia Insertion modiolus of mouth skin of the upper lip Origin maxilla tubercle of mandible Insertion modiolus of mouth modiolus of mouth Artery facial artery facial artery Insertion Skin and muscle of the upper lip (labii superioris) integument of the lower lip, Orbicularis oris fibers, its fellow of the opposite side Artery facial artery facial artery Insertion chin in the fibres of the orbicularis oris Skin around the lips modiolus facial artery Nerve masseteric nerve (V3) third branch (mandibular nerve) of the trigeminal nerve Nerve external pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve mandibular nerve via nerve to medial pterygoid buccal artery Nerve buccal branch of the facial nerve facial nerve, buccal branch Artery Nerve mandibular branch of facial nerve Action draws angle of mouth upward and laterally elevates upper lip Action elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip Antagonist Nerve facial nerve mandibular branch of facial nerve Artery facial artery Action smile (elevates angle of mouth) depresses angle of mouth Nerve buccal branch of the facial nerve facial nerve Action Elevates the upper lip depress the lower lip Antagonist Antagonist

Antagon

buccal branch of the facial compress the cheeks against the teeth nerve (blowing), mastication. buccal branch of the facial pucker the lips nerve Buccal branch of the facial draw back angle of mouth nerve Action elevation (as in closing of the mouth) and retraction of mandible elevation and retraction of mandible Antagonist Platysma muscle Platysma muscle

[edit] Mastication
Muscle masseter temporalis Pterygoid: Muscle Origin lateral Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate Insertion Condyle of mandible Artery pterygoid branches of maxillary artery Action depresses mandible elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoids in moving the jaw from side to side Origin zygomatic arch and maxilla temporal lines on the parietal bone of the skull Insertion Artery coronoid process and ramus of masseteric mandible artery coronoid process of the mandible deep temporal

Anta

deep head: medial side of lateral pterygoid medial angle of the pterygoid branches of medial plate behind the upper teeth mandible maxillary artery superficial head: pyramidal process of palatine

bone and maxillary tuberosity

[edit] Tongue
[edit] Extrinsic
Muscle genioglossus hyoglossus chondroglossus styloglossus Origin Superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti) hyoid Insertion Artery Nerve hypoglossal nerve hypoglossal nerve hypoglossal nerve Hypoglossal nerve Action Complex - Inferior fibers protrude the tongue, middle fibers depress the tongue, and its superior fibers draw the tip back and down depresses tongue depresses tongue (some consider this muscle to be part of hyoglossus) elevates and retracts tongue inferior and middle fibers of genioglossus Artery Nerve hypoglossal nerve hypoglossal nerve Hypoglossal nerve Nerve vagus nerve medial pterygoid of mandibular nerve pharyngeal plexus vagus nerve and cranial accessory raising the back part of the nerve tongue Facial artery vagus nerve and cranial accessory pulls pharynx and larynx nerve Action elevates soft palate tension of the soft palate Antagonist Action Antagonist Antagonist Dorsum of tongue and Lingual body of hyoid artery side of the tongue

lesser cornu and body of the hyoid intrinsic muscular bone fibers of the tongue Styloid process of temporal bone tongue

[edit] Intrinsic
Muscle superior longitudinal transversus inferior longitudinal Origin close to the epiglottis, from the median fibrous septum median fibrous septum root of the tongue Origin temporal bone, Eustachian tube medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone hard palate palatine aponeurosis palatine aponeurosis and hard palate Insertion palatine aponeurosis palatine aponeurosis palatine aponeurosis tongue Upper border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictor fibers) Insertion edges of the tongue sides of the tongue apex of the tongue Artery facial artery

[edit] Soft palate

Muscle levator veli palatini tensor veli palatini musculus uvulae palatoglossus palatopharyngeus

[edit] Pharynx
Pharyngeal constrictor: Muscle inferior middle Muscle stylopharyngeus salpingopharyngeus Origin cricoid and thyroid cartilage hyoid bone Origin Styloid process (temporal) cartilage of the Eustachian tube Insertion thyroid cartilage (pharynx) posterior fasciculus of the pharyngopalatinus muscle Insertion pharyngeal raphe pharyngeal raphe pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle Artery Nerve glossopharyngeal nerve vagus nerve and cranial accessory nerve Artery Nerve external laryngeal branch of the vagus Vagus nerve Vagus nerve Action elevate the larynx, elevate the pharynx, swallowing raise the nasopharynx Action Swallowing Swallowing Swallowing Antagonist

Antag

superior medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raph, alveolar process

[edit] Larynx
Muscle cricothyroid Origin Insertion Inferior cornu and lamina of the thyroid cartilage Insertion muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage Insertion Arytenoid cartilage on opposite side Anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage Artery Nerve recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus Artery Nerve recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus Artery Nerve external laryngeal branch of the vagus Action abducts and laterally rotates the cartilage, pulling the vocal ligaments away from the midline and forward and so opening the rima glottidis adduct and medially rotate the cartilage, pulling the vocal ligaments towards the midline and backwards and so closing off the rima glottidis Action approximate the arytenoid cartilages (close rima glottidis) thickens the vocal folds and decreases length; also helps helps to adduct the vocal folds during speech Antagonist Action tension and elongation of the vocal folds (has minor adductory effect) Antagonist Antagonist Anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage Cricoarytenoid: Muscle Origin posterior lateral Muscle arytenoid thyroarytenoid posterior part of the cricoid lateral part of the arch of the cricoid Origin Arytenoid cartilage on one side Inner surface of the thyroid cartilage (anterior aspect)

Lateral cricoary muscle

[edit] Muscles of head and neck: the neck

[edit] Cervical
Muscle platysma Origin inferior clavicle and fascia of chest Insertion mandible mastoid process of the temporal bone, superior nuchal line occipital artery and the superior thyroid artery Artery Nerve Action Antagonist Draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and widens it (as in cervical branch of the Masseter, expressions of sadness and fright). Also draws the skin of the neck facial nerve (CN VII) Temporalis superiorly when teeth are clenched motor: accessory nerve sensory: cervical plexus Nerve Acting alone, tilts head to its own side and rotates it so the face is turned towards the opposite side. Acting together, flexes the neck, raises the sternum and assists in forced inspiration. || Action

manubrium sterni, sternocleidomastoid medial portion of the clavicle

[edit] Suprahyoid
Muscle digastric Origin anterior belly - digastric fossa (mandible); posterior belly - mastoid process of temporal bone Insertion Intermediate tendon (hyoid bone) greater cornu of hyoid bone Median raph hyoid bone mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery Artery Antagonist anterior belly - mandibular division of the trigeminal Opens the jaw when the (CN V) via the mylohyoid nerve; posterior belly - facial masseter and the temporalis are nerve (CN VII) relaxed. facial nerve (CN VII) mylohyoid nerve, from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve [V3] C1 via hypoglossal nerve Elevate the hyoid during swallowing Raises oral cavity floor, elevates hyoid, depresses mandible carry hyoid bone and the tongue upward during deglutition Antagonist

stylohyoid styloid process (temporal) mylohyoid Mylohyoid line (mandible) geniohyoid Symphysis menti

[edit] Infrahyoid/Strap
Muscle sternohyoid Origin manubrium of sternum Insertion hyoid bone Artery Nerve ansa cervicalis Action depress hyoid bone

sternothyroid thyrohyoid omohyoid

manubrium thyroid cartilage Upper border of the scapula

thyroid cartilage hyoid bone Hyoid bone

Ansa cervicalis first cervical nerve Ansa cervicalis

Elevates larynx, may slightly depress hyoid bone depress hyoid bone Depresses the larynx and hyoid bone. Carries hyoid bone backward and to the side

[edit] Vertebral
[edit] Anterior
Muscle longus colli longus capitis rectus capitis anterior rectus capitis lateralis Origin Transverse processes of C-3 - C-6 anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae atlas upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas Insertion Inferior surface of the occipital bone basilar part of the occipital bone occipital bone under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone Nerve cervical nerves (C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 Action Nerve ventral ramus of C5, C6 Ventral rami of the third to eighth cervical spinal nerves C6, C7, C8 Elevate 1st rib, rotate the neck to the opposite side Elevate 2nd rib, tilt the neck to the same side Artery Nerve C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 C1, C2, C3/C4 C1 C1 Action Flexes the neck and head flexion of neck at atlantooccipital joint flexion of neck at atlantooccipital joint Sidebend at atlanto-occipital joint Action elevation of ribs I&II Antagonist Antagonist

[edit] Lateral
Muscle Origin scalene cervical vertebrae (C2-C7) Muscle Origin anterior C3-C6 medius posterior C2-C6 Insertion first and second ribs Artery Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery)

Insertion Artery first rib first rib Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery) Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery) Ascending cervical artery, superficial cervical artery

Anta

transverse processes of C4 2nd rib - C6

[edit] Muscles of torso

[edit] Back
splenius: Muscle capitis cervicis Muscle erector spinae Origin Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T6 spinous processes of T3-T6 Insertion Insertion Mastoid process of temporal and occipital bone transverse processes of C1, C2, C3 Artery lateral sacral artery Artery Lateral Sacral Artery posterior branch of spinal nerve posterior branch of spinal nerve Nerve Action lateral sacral artery Nerve Artery Nerve C3, C4 C5, C6 Action Antagonist Rectus abdominis muscle posterior branch of spinal extends the vertebral nerve column Nerve Action Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head

Antag

Origin

on the spines of the last four thoracic both the spines of the most cranial thoracic vertebrae and the vertebr cervical vertebrae Muscle iliocostalis spinalis Origin Sacrum/Illiac Crest/Spinous Processes of lower lumbar/thoracic vertebrae spinous process Origin Insertion Insertion Ribs

Action Antagonist

longissimus transverse process Muscle

transverse process lateral sacral artery spinous process Artery

Rectus abdominis m Antagonist

Rectus abdominis m

latissimus dorsi

spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, floor of intertubercular groove iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs of the humerus spinous process Insertion

subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery

thoracodorsal nerve posterior branches

pulls the forelimb dorsally deltoid, and caudally trapezius

transversospinales transverse process Muscle semispinalis dorsi semispinalis cervicis Semispinalis capitis multifidus rotatores Muscle interspinales intertransversarii Origin transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebr transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebr Transversal process of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna

Artery Nerve

Action

Anta

spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth Area between superior and inferior nuchal line Greater occipital nerve Posterior branches posterior branch Action Extension, flexion and rotation of vertebral column. Lateral flexion of trunk Antagonist Extend the head Stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column

Sacrum, Erector spinae Aponeurosis, PSIS, and spinous process Iliac crest transverse process Origin Spinous process Transverse process Insertion Spinous process Transverse process above spinous process Artery Nerve Posterior rami of spinal nerves Anterior rami of spinal nerves

[edit] Suboccipital
Rectus capitis posterior: Muscle Origin major minor obliquus capitis: Muscle inferior superior Origin spinous process of the axis lateral mass of atlas Origin ribs 1-11 Origin rib - inferior border Origin inner surface of one rib Muscle external internal innermost Muscle subcostales Insertion inner surface of the second or third rib above, near its angle rib - superior border Insertion ribs 2-12 Insertion Insertion lateral mass of atlas lateral half of the inferior nuchal line Artery intercostal arteries Artery intercostal arteries intercostal arteries intercostal arteries Artery Nerve intercostal nerves Nerve intercostal nerves Nerve intercostal nerves intercostal nerves intercostal nerves Action Antagonist Action Inhalation hold ribs steady Antagonist internal external Artery Nerve suboccipital nerve suboccipital nerve Action Antagonist Action Antagonist Spinous process of the axis (C2) Insertion Inferior nucheal line of the occipital bone Artery Nerve Dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve) a branch of the dorsal primary division of the suboccipital nerve extends the head at the neck, but is now considered to be more of a sensory organ than a muscle Action

Anta

the tubercle on the the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital posterior arch of the atlas bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum

[edit] Chest
Muscle intercostales

transversus thoracis

costal cartilages of last 3-4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process

ribs/costal cartilages 2-6 Superior surfaces of the ribs immediately inferior to the preceding vertebrae Insertion

intercostal arteries

intercostal nerves dorsal rami - C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11 Artery intercostal arteries intercostal arteries Nerve Nerve intercostal nerves 2nd through 5th intercostal nerves

depresses ribs Assists in elevation of the thoracic rib cage Action depress the lower ribs, aiding in expiration elevate the ribs which aids in inspiration Action respiration Antagonist

levatores Transverse processes of C7 to T12 costarum vertebrae serratus anterior: Muscle Origin inferior vertebrae T11 - L3 superior Muscle diaphragm

Anta

the inferior borders of the 9th through 12th ribs

nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and the spinous processes of the upper borders of the 2nd the vertebrae C7 through T3 through 5th ribs Insertion Artery Pericardiacophrenic artery, Musculophrenic artery, Inferior phrenic arteries

Origin

phrenic and lower intercostal nerves

[edit] Abdomen
obliques:oblique]] || Lower 8 costae || Crista iliaca, ligamentum inguinale || || intercostal nerves T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12) || Rotates torso || |- | internal oblique || Inguinal ligament, Iliac crest and the Lumbodorsal fascia || Linea alba, Xiphoid process and the inferior ribs. || || intercostal nerves T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve || Compresses abdomen and rotates vertebral column. || ||} Muscle transversus abdominis rectus abdominis pyramidalis cremaster quadratus lumborum Origin ribs and the iliac crest pubis pubic symphysis and pubic crest inguinal ligament iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae Insertion inserts into the pubic tubercle via the conjoint tendon, also known as the falx inguinalis Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process of sternum linea alba Cremasteric artery Lumbar arteries, Iliolumbar artery inferior epigastric artery Artery Nerve intercostal nerves T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, subcostal nerve (T12), iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, genitofemoral nerve Action compress the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability Erector spinae Antagonist

segmentally by thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7, T8, T9, flexion of trunk/lumbar vertebrae T10, T11, T12) Subcostal nerve (T12) genital branch of genitofemoral nerve Anterior branches of T12, L1, L2, L3, L4[2] tensing the linea alba raise and lower the scrotum Alone, lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together, depression of thoracic rib cage

[edit] Pelvis
levator ani: Muscle iliococcygeus pubococcygeus puborectalis Muscle coccygeus Origin Sacrospinous ligament Origin Insertion Artery Nerve levator ani nerve (S4) inferior rectal nerve from pudendal nerve (S3, S4) coccygeal plexus[3] Action supports the viscera in pelvic cavity controls urine flow and contracts during orgasm inhibit defecation Antagonist

Antag t

ischial spine and from the posterior part of the tendinous coccyx and anococcygeal arch of the pelvic fascia raphe back of the pubis and from the anterior part of the obturator fascia lower part of the pubic symphysis Insertion Artery Nerve sacral nerves: S4, S5
[3][5]

coccyx and sacrum

S3, S4. levator ani nerve[4] Action or S3-S4

[6]

closing in the back part of the outlet of the pelvis

[edit] Perineum
sphincter ani: Muscle externus internus superficial perineal pouch: Muscle bulbospongiosus ischiocavernosus deep perineal pouch: Muscle transversus perinei profundus sphincter urethrae membranaceae Origin inferior rami of the ischium junction of the inferior rami of the pubis and ischium to the extent of 1.25 to 2 cm., and from the neighboring fasci Origin Median raph Origin Insertion Artery Nerve S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve pudendal nerve Insertion central point of perineum Artery Action keep the anal canal and anus closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces keep the anal canal and anus closed, aids in the expulsion of the feces Nerve pudendal nerve Perineal artery pudendal nerve in males, empties the urethra; in females, clenches the vagina Perineal artery pudendal nerve assists the bulbospongiosus muscle Insertion its fellow of the opposite side its fellow of the opposite side Artery pudendal nerve perineal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4) Constricts urethra, maintain urinary continence Nerve Action Action

Antag

Anta

transversus perinei superficialis anterior part of ischial tuberosity

Anta

[edit] Muscles of upper limbs

[edit] Vertebral column
Muscle Origin down the midline, from the external occipital protuberance, the nuchal ligament, the medial part of the superior nuchal line, and the spinous processes of the vertebrae C7-T12 Insertion Artery Nerve Action Antagonist at the shoulders, into the lateral third of the clavicle, the transverse acromion process and into the cervical artery spine of the scapula subscapular artery, dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular artery Descending (superior) part elevates; ascending major nerve supply is the cranial (inferior) part depresses; and middle part (or all Serratus nerve XI. Cervical nerves C3 parts together) retracts scapula; descending and anterior and C4 receive information ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid muscle about pain in this muscle cavity superiorly thoracodorsal nerve (C6 to C8) dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) Nerve dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5) pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally deltoid, trapezius

trapezius

latissimus dorsi rhomboids

spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, floor of intertubercular groove thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior of the humerus 3 or 4 ribs nuchal ligaments, spinous processes of C7T5 vertebrae Origin spinous processes of the T2 to T5 vertebrae nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7- to T1 vertebrae medial border of the scapula Insertion

Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the Serratus glenoid cavity. fixes the scapula to the thoracic anterior wall. muscle Action Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall. Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall. Action Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

Muscle rhomboid major rhomboid minor Muscle levator scapulae Origin

Artery

Antagonis

dorsal medial border of the scapula, inferior to the scapular insertion of rhomboid minor muscle artery medial border of the scapula, superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle Insertion Artery dorsal scapular artery dorsal scapular artery Nerve

Serratus an muscle

Serratus an muscle Antagonist

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes Superior part of medial of C1 - C4 vertebrae border of scapula

cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

[edit] Thoracic walls

Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve Clavicular head: C5 and C6 Sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1 Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1) nerve to subclavius Action Clavicular head: flexes the humerus Sternocostal head: extends the humerus As a whole, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall depression of clavicle Antagonist anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. intertubercular groove of the Sternocostal head: anterior humerus surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages 3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages first rib

pectoralis major

pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

pectoralis minor subclavius serratus anterior

medial border and superior Pectoral branch of the surface of the coracoid process thoracoacromial trunk of the scapula subclavian groove of clavicle thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch lateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part) Artery primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery

fleshy slips from the outer surface costal aspect of medial margin of upper 8 or 9 ribs of the scapula

long thoracic nerve (from Rhomboid major, protract and stabilize scapula, assists in roots of brachial plexus C5, Rhomboid minor, upward rotation C6, C7) Trapezius Nerve Axillary nerve Lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6) Action shoulder abduction, flexion and extension Antagonist Latissimus dorsi

[edit] Shoulder
Muscle deltoid teres major Rotator cuff: Muscle supraspinatus Origin Insertion clavicle, acromion, spine deltoid tuberosity of humerus of the scapula posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula Various aspects of scapula Origin supraspinous fossa of scapula

Subscapular and medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the circumflex scapular humerus arteries greater tubercle of humerus, except subscapularis, which inserts on lesser tubercle of humerus. Insertion superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus Artery suprascapular artery suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries posterior circumflex humeral artery and the circumflex scapular artery subscapular artery Nerve

Internal rotation of the humerus lateral rotation (infraspinatus & teres minor), medial rotation (subscapularis), abduction (supraspinatus)[7] Action abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus Lateral rotation of arm & Adduction of arm and stabilizes humerus laterally rotates and adducts the arm rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder Antagonist infraspinatus, teres minor, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi subscapularis, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi subscapularis, pectoralis major, and latissimus dorsi infraspinatus and teres minor

suprascapular nerve

infraspinatus teres minor

infraspinous fossa of middle facet of greater the scapula tubercle of the humerus lateral border of the scapula inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus lesser tubercle of humerus

suprascapular nerve axillary nerve upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

subscapularis subscapular fossa

[edit] Arm
[edit] Anterior compartment
Muscle Origin Insertion medial humerus Artery brachial artery Nerve musculocutaneous nerve Action flexes & adducts Antagonist coracobrachialis coracoid process of scapula

humerus biceps brachii brachialis short head: coracoid process of the scapula. long head: supraglenoid tubercle anterior surface of the humerus, particularly the distal half of this bone Origin long head: scapula lateral head: posterior humerus medial head: posterior humerus Lateral epicondyle of the humerus Insertion radial tuberosity coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna Artery brachial artery radial recurrent artery Nerve Musculocutaneous nerve (Lateral cord: C5, C6, C7) musculocutaneous nerve flexes elbow and supinates forearm flexion at elbow joint Triceps brachii muscle

[edit] Posterior compartment

Muscle triceps brachii Action Antagonist Biceps brachii muscle

olecranon process of ulna

Profunda brachii

radial nerve

extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder

anconeus

lateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna

radial nerve Profunda brachii, recurrent (C7, C8, and interosseous artery T1)

partly blended in with the triceps, which it assists in extension of the forearm. Stabilises the elbow and abducts the ulna during pronation.

[edit] Forearm
[edit] Anterior compartment
[edit] Superficial Muscle Origin pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis [edit] Deep Muscle pronator quadratus flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus Insertion Artery Nerve Action pronation of forearm, flexes elbow Flexion and abduction at wrist wrist flexor Antagonist Supinator muscle Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Extensor digitorum muscle

humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) radius ulnar head: coronoid process of the ulna medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon) medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon), as well as parts of the radius and ulna. Origin medial, anterior surface of the ulna Bases of second and third metacarpal bones palmar aponeurosis pisiform phalanges

ulnar artery and median nerve radial artery ulnar artery ulnar artery ulnar artery ulnar artery Median nerve median nerve

muscular branches flexion and adduction of wrist of ulnar nerve median nerve flexor of fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints)

Insertion

Artery

Nerve median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) median (anterior interosseous), muscular branches of ulnar Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve) (C8, T1)

Action

Antagonist

anterior lateral, anterior interosseous surface of the radius artery distal phalanges anterior interosseous artery

pronates the forearm Supinator muscle flex hand, interphalangeal joints Flexion of the thumb

ulna

Extensor digitorum muscle Extensor pollicis longus muscle, Extensor pollicis brevis muscle

The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent The base of the Anterior interosseus membrane. (Also occasionally a small origin slightly distal phalanx of the interosseous on the medial epicondyle of the humerus.) thumb artery

[edit] Posterior compartment

[edit] Superficial mobile wad: Muscle brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis Muscle extensor digitorum Origin lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon) Origin Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus lateral supracondylar ridge humerus at the anterior of lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon) Insertion 2nd through 5th phalanges extensor expansion, located at the base of the proximal phalanx of the finger on the dorsal side 5th metacarpal Insertion Distal radius (Radial styloid process) 2nd metacarpal Artery radial recurrent artery radial artery Nerve radial nerve radial nerve deep branch of the radial nerve Nerve posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) Action Flexion of forearm extensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist extensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint Action Antagonist Antagonist

Flexor carpi ra muscle

base of the 3rd metacarpal radial artery Artery interosseous recurrent artery and posterior interosseous artery

Flexor carpi ra muscle

Flexor digitorum superficialis extension of muscle, Flexor digitorum hand and fingers profundus muscle extends the little finger at all Flexor digiti minimi brevis joints extends and Flexor carpi ulnaris adducts the wrist

the anterior portion of the lateral extensor epicondyle of the humerus digiti minimi (common extensor tendon) extensor Common extensor tendon (lateral carpi ulnaris epicondyle), ulna [edit] Deep Muscle supinator Origin

posterior interosseous artery which originates posterior from the common interosseous artery and interosseous nerve more proximally, the ulnar artery (C7, C8) ulnar artery posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) Artery Nerve

Insertion

Action supinates forearm

Antagonist Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus Antagonist Adductor pollicis muscle

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament anatomical snuff box: Muscle abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus Origin Insertion Artery ulna, radial styloid first metacarpal process radius ulna Insertion index finger (extensor hood) thumb, proximal phalanx thumb, distal phalanx Artery

Lateral proximal radial radial recurrent shaft artery Nerve Action

posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)

posterior interosseous posterior interosseous nerve abduction, extension of thumb artery (C7, C8) posterior interosseous posterior interosseous nerve extension of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint artery (C7, C8)

Flexor pollicis longus muscle, Flex pollicis brevis muscle

posterior interosseous nerve extension of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal and Flexor pollicis longus muscle, Flex (C7, C8) interphalangeal) pollicis brevis muscle Nerve posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8) Action extends index finger, wrist Antagonist

Muscle extensor indicis

Origin ulna

[edit] Hand
[edit] Lateral volar
[edit] Thenar Muscle opponens pollicis Origin trapezium and transverse carpal ligament Insertion metacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side thumb, proximal phalanx Artery Nerve median nerve median nerve, deep Action Opposition of the thumb Flexion of thumb Extensor pollicis longus muscle, Antagonist

flexor pollicis trapezoid, flexor retinaculum

brevis abductor Transverse carpal ligament, the scaphoid and pollicis brevis trapezium adductor pollicis Radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors

branch of ulnar nerve (medial head) Median nerve Abduction of thumb

Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Adductor pollicis muscle

Transverse head: anterior body of the third metacarpal medial side of the base of the proximal Oblique head: bases of the second and the third phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar metacarpals and the adjacent trapezoid and sesamoid capitate bones Origin flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis Origin pisiform hamate bone Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum Insertion extensor expansion proximal phalanges proximal phalange Insertion base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on the ulnar or medial side little finger Medial border of 5th metacarpal Insertion palm Artery ulnar artery ulnar artery ulnar artery Artery

deep branch of ulnar nerve adducts the thumb at the (T1) carpometacarpal joint

Abductor pollicis longus muscle, Abductor pollicis brevis muscle

[edit] Medial volar

Muscle palmaris brevis Hypothenar : Muscle abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis opponens digiti minimi Nerve superficial branch of ulnar nerve Nerve deep branch of ulnar nerve deep branch of ulnar nerve deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) Nerve deep branch of ulnar nerve, median nerve Action Abduction of little finger flexes little finger Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb Action flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints Palmar interossei muscles Antagonist Action wrinkle skin of palm Antagonist Antagonist

Extensor digit minimi muscl

[edit] Intermediate
Muscle lumbrical dorsal interossei palmar interossei Origin flexor digitorum profundus metacarpals metacarpals Artery superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital artery Dorsal metacarpal artery and palmar metacarpal artery

deep branch of ulnar nerve abduct finger deep branch of ulnar nerve adduction

[edit] Muscles of lower limb

[edit] Iliac region
Muscle Origin Insertion Artery Nerve femoral nerve, Lumbar nerves L1, L2 Nerve Lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1, L2, L3[2] L1 medial femoral circumflex artery, Iliolumbar artery femoral nerve (L2, L3[2]) Action flexion of hip (psoas major/minor, iliacus), spine rotation (psoas major/minor) Action flexes and rotates laterally thigh Weak trunk flexor flexes and rotates laterally thigh Antagonist Gluteus maximus, posterior compartment of thigh iliac fossa (iliacus, sacrum (iliacus), spine Iliopsoas (T12, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5) & intervertebral discs (psoas major, psoas minor)[8] Muscle psoas major psoas minor iliacus Origin lower spine Side of T12+L1 and IV Disc between iliac fossa femur - lesser trochanter (psoas major/minor), medial femoral shaft below lesser trochanter (iliacus), tendon of circumflex artery, psoas major & femur (iliacus)[8] iliolumbar artery Insertion in the lesser trochanter of the femur Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence lesser trochanter of femur Artery Iliolumbar artery

Antagon

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus maximus

[edit] Buttocks
Muscle gluteus maximus muscle gluteus medius muscle gluteus minimus muscle Origin Gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament Action Antagonist external rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh. Iliacus, Psoas major, Psoas minor lateral rotator group Gluteal tuberosity of the superior and inferior gluteal inferior gluteal nerve (L5, femur, iliotibial tract arteries S1, S2 nerve roots) superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots) superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)

Gluteal surface of ilium, under Greater trochanter of the superior gluteal artery gluteus maximus femur Gluteal surface of ilium, under Greater trochanter of the superior gluteal artery gluteus medius. femur iliotibial tract on or near the greater trochanter of the femur greater trochanter medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur

Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial lateral rotator group rotation of thigh.

tensor fasciae iliac crest latae lateral rotator at or below the acetabulum of group: the ilium piriformis obturator externus obturator internus inferior gemellus superior gemellus quadratus femoris sacrum obturator foramen and obturatory membrane

primarily lateral circumflex Superior gluteal nerve (L4, Thigh - flexion, medial rotation. Trunk femoral artery, Superior L5) stabilization. gluteal artery Inferior gluteal artery, Lateral sacral artery, Superior gluteal artery Inferior gluteal artery, Lateral sacral artery, Superior gluteal artery obturator artery Obturator nerve, nerve to the Piriformis, nerve to quadratus femoris nerve to the Piriformis (S1 and S2 nerve roots)[3] posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3, L4) lateral rotation of hip Gluteus minimus muscle, Gluteus medius muscle

rotate laterally (outward) the thigh adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh

Ischiopubic ramus & obturator medial aspect of the membrane Greater trochanter Ischial tuberosity spine of the ischium Ischial tuberosity Obturator internus tendon Obturator internus tendon Intertrochanteric crest Inferior gluteal artery

Nerve to obturator internus Abducts & rotates laterally thigh, and stabiliser of (L5, S1, S2) the hip during walking Nerve to Quadratus femoris Rotates laterally thigh (L4, L5, S1) Sacral plexus (S1, S2, S3) Rotates laterally thigh

Nerve to quadratus femoris lateral rotation of thigh (L4, L5, -S1)

[edit] Thigh
[edit] anterior compartment
Muscle sartorius quadriceps femoris Muscle rectus femoris Origin Insertion Artery femoral artery femoral artery Insertion Nerve femoral nerve Femoral nerve Action flexion, lateral rotation and abduction of thigh; flexion and medial rotation of leg Knee extension; Hip flexion (R.Fem. only) Artery Nerve femoral nerve femoral nerve Action knee extension; hip flexion Extends and stabilizes knee Hamstring Antagonist Hamstring Hamstring Antagonist superior to the anterior superior iliac medial side of the upper tibia in the pes spine anserinus combined rectus femoris and vastus Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the muscles Patellar ligament Origin anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the acetabulum

Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the femoral Patellar ligament artery Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the femoral Patellar ligament artery

vastus lateralis Greater trochanter, Intertrochanteric line, and Linea aspera of the Femur

vastus intermedius

antero/ lateral femur

Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the femoral Patellar ligament artery Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the femoral Patellar ligament artery suprapatellar bursa femoral artery Nerve

femoral nerve femoral nerve femoral nerve Action

extends knee extends knee Pulling the suprapatellar bursa during extension of the knee.

Hamstring Hamstring

vastus medialis femur articularis genu femur

[edit] posterior compartment/hamstring

Muscle biceps femoris semitendinosus Origin tuberosity of the ischium, linea aspera, femur tuberosity of the ischium Insertion Artery Antagonist the head of the fibula which inferior gluteal artery, long head: tibial nerve, short flexes knee joint, laterally rotates knee joint Quadriceps articulates with the back of the lateral perforating arteries, popliteal head: common peroneal (when knee is flexed), extends hip joint (long muscle tibial condyle artery nerve head only) pes anserinus Medial surface of tibia inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries profunda femoris, gluteal artery Insertion femur, tibia Insertion tibia (pes anserinus) Lesser trochanter, linea aspera the lesser trochanter and linea aspera of the femur middle third of linea aspera femur Artery medial femoral circumflex artery Obturator artery Obturator artery obturator artery Obturator artery Artery sciatic (tibial, L5, S1, S2) sciatic nerve flex knee, extend hip joint Hip extension, Knee flexion Quadriceps muscle Quadriceps muscle Antagonist Action flexes hip, knee Thigh - flexion, adduction, medial rotation adduction of hip adduction of thigh adduction of hip

semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity

[edit] medial compartment

Muscle adductor muscles of the hip Muscle gracilis pectineus adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus Origin ischiopubic ramus pubis - superior pubic ramus anterior surface of the inferior ramus and body of the pubis pubic body just below the pubic crest pubis, tuberosity of the ischium Origin pubis Nerve obturator nerve Nerve anterior branch of obturator nerve Femoral nerve, sometimes obturator nerve obturator nerve anterior branch of obturator nerve posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and sciatic nerve (hamstring)[9] Action adduction of hip

Anta

[edit] Leg
[edit] anterior compartment
Muscle Origin Insertion medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot Artery Nerve Action dorsiflex and invert the foot Extends the big toe and assists in dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle. Also is a weak invertor extension of toes and ankle Antagonist Fibularis longus, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor hallucis brevis Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor digitorum brevis tibialis anterior body of tibia extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus middle portion of the fibula on the anterior surface and the interosseous membrane Lateral Condyle of tibia and superior of interosseous membrane anterior Deep Fibular tibial artery (peroneal) nerve

dorsal side of the base of the anterior peroneal nerve distal phalanx of the Hallux tibial artery Middle and Distal phalanges anterior peroneal nerve of lateral four digits tibial artery dorsal surface of metatarsal anterior

fibularis tertius distal anterior surface of the fibula

deep fibular nerve dorsi flexes and everts foot

tibial artery

[edit] posterior compartment

[edit] Superficial Muscle triceps surae Muscle Origin Origin Insertion achilles tendon, calcaneus Insertion calcaneus tendo calcaneus Artery sural arteries sural arteries Artery posterior tibial artery Nerve Nerve tibial nerve Action plantarflexion Action Antagonist Antagonist

gastrocnemius femur soleus plantaris fibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line)

tibial nerve from the sciatic, specifically, nerve roots S1, plantarflexion, flexion of knee S2 (minor) tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots L5S2 tibial nerve Nerve plantarflexion

Tibialis anterior muscle

Tibialis anterior muscle

Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius [edit] Deep Muscle Origin popliteus middle facet of the lateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle tarsal tunnel: Muscle flexor hallucis longus Origin Insertion

Tendo calcaneus (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius sural tendon) arteries Insertion posterior tibia under the tibial condyles Artery Artery

Plantar flexes foot and flexes Tibialis anterior knee muscle Action Antagonist

popliteal artery tibial nerve Medial rotation and flexion of knee Action Antagonist

Nerve

fibula, posterior aspect base of distal phalanx of Peroneal artery (peroneal branch of of upper 1/3 hallux the posterior tibial artery distal phalanges of lateral four digits navicular, medial cuneiform posterior tibial artery posterior tibial artery

tibial nerve, S1, S2 flexes all joints of the Hallux, plantar nerve roots flexion of the ankle joint Tibial nerve tibial nerve Primary action is Flex digits

Extensor hallucis longus mu Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor digitorum brevis

flexor digitorum medial tibia longus tibialis posterior tibia, fibula

inversion of the foot, plantar flexion of Tibialis anterior muscle the foot at the ankle

[edit] lateral compartment

Peroneus muscles (Fibularis muscles): Muscle Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Origin fibula fibula Insertion first metatarsal, medial cuneiform fifth metatarsal Artery fibular (peroneal) artery fibular (peroneal) artery Nerve superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Action plantarflexion, eversion plantarflexion, eversion Antagonist Tibialis anterior muscle

[edit] Foot
[edit] Dorsal
Muscle extensor digitorum brevis extensor hallucis brevis Origin calcaneus calcaneus Insertion toes base of proximal phalanx of hallux Artery Nerve deep peroneal nerve deep peroneal nerve Action extends digits 2, 3, and 4 Extension of hallux Antagonist Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor digitorum brevis Flexor hallucis brevis muscle

[edit] Plantar
[edit] 1st layer Muscle abductor hallucis flexor digitorum Origin medial process of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis medial process of calcaneus, plantar Insertion medial side of base of proximal phalanx of first digit middle phalanges of digits 2-5 Artery Nerve plantar nerve
needed ] [disambiguation

Action abducts hallux flexes lateral four

Antagonist Adductor hallucis muscle Extensor digitorum longus, Extensor

plantar nerve [disambiguation

brevis

aponeurosis, intermuscular septa Fifth toe or Phalanges lateral plantar artery Artery Nerve

needed

toes

digitorum brevis

abductor digiti Plantar aponeurosis minimi [edit] 2nd layer Muscle Origin quadratus plantae lumbrical muscle [edit] 3rd layer Muscle flexor hallucis brevis adductor hallucis flexor digiti minimi brevis [edit] 4th layer Muscle dorsal interossei plantar interossei metatarsals Origin Calcaneus

lateral plantar nerve (S1, flex and abduct the Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle S2) fifth toe Action Assists Flexor Digitorum Longus in flexion of DIP joints flex proximal phalanges and extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits Action flex hallux
] ]

Insertion Tendons of Flexor Digitorum Longus

Antagonist

lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2) plantar nerve [disambiguation

needed ]

tendons of flexor digitorum medial aspect of extensor expansion over longus lateral four digits Origin Insertion Artery

Nerve medial plantar nerve plantar nerve

[disambiguation needed [disambiguation needed

Antagonist Extensor hallucis longus muscle Abductor hallucis muscle Abductor digiti minimi muscle Antagonist Plantar interossei muscles Dorsal interossei of the foot

adducts hallux flex and adduct the fifth toe Action

fifth metatarsal bone Insertion

phalanx of the fifth toe Artery

plantar nerve Nerve plantar nerve

[disambiguation needed [disambiguation needed

] ]

abduct toes adduct toes

proximal phalanges

plantar nerve

[edit] Innervation overview

Mind Map showing a summary of Upper Limb Muscle Innervation

Mind Map Showing a summary of Lower Limb Muscle innervation

[edit] Notes
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ^ Enotes ^ a b c Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 193 ^ a b c Essential Clinical Anatomy. K.L. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 217 ^ Wallner C, Maas C, Dabhoiwala N, Lamers W, Deruiter M (2006). "Evidence for the innervation of the puborectalis muscle by the levator ani nerve.". Neurogastroenterol Motil 18 (12): 11212. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00846.x. PMID 17109696. ^ LUC coc ^ "uams.edu". http://anatomy.uams.edu/AnatomyHTML/muscles_pelvis&perineum.html. Retrieved 2007-12-09. ^ List of major muscles of the human body ^ a b exrx.net ^ Mnemonic at medicalmnemonics.com 255 http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/dissector/muscles/muscles.html http://www.ptcentral.com/muscles/ http://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas2/ [1] Tutorial & Quizzes on Skeletal Muscular Anatomy [show] v t e

[edit] References [edit] External links

Muscular system (TA A04.0, GA 4.361)

M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) [show] v t e

List of muscles of head and neck: the head (TA A04.1, GA 4.378)
Ear auricular (anterior, superior, posterior) temporoparietalis occipitofrontalis (occipitalis, frontalis) orbicularis oculi (depressor supercilii) corrugator supercilii Scalp/eyelid fascia: Galea aponeurotica Nose procerus nasalis (dilatator naris) depressor septi nasi levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Mouth

levator anguli oris levator labii superioris zygomaticus (major, minor) orbicularis oris risorius buccinator depressor anguli oris depressor labii inferioris mentalis

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist

noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug (M1A/3) [show] v t e

List of muscles of head and neck: the neck (TA A04.2, GA 4.387)
M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) [show] v t e

List of muscles of thorax and back (TA A04.34, GA 4.397)

M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) [show] v t e

List of muscles of abdominopelvic cavity (TA A04.5, GA 4.408)

Abdominal external oblique Transversus abdominis/Conjoint tendon Rectus sheath (rectus abdominis, pyramidalis) Arcuate line Tendinous intersection Cremaster Abdominal internal oblique Anterior/ Fascia/abdominal fascia: panniculus adiposus (Fascia of Camper) stratum membranosum (Fascia of Scarpa) Transversalis fascia (Interfoveolar ligament) lateral Linea alba Linea semilunaris Inguinal triangle Fascia Inguinal canal (Deep inguinal ring, Superficial inguinal ring, Intercrural fibers, Crura of superficial inguinal ring) Inguinal ligament (Pectineal ligament, Lacunar ligament, Reflected ligament) Muscle Muscle quadratus lumborum psoas major/psoas minor iliacus Posterior Muscle levator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis) coccygeus fascia/pelvic fascia visceral (Rectovaginal fascia, Rectoprostatic fascia) parietal (Obturator fascia/Tendinous arch, Piriformis fascia) Fascia floor/diaphragm: Superior fascia of pelvic diaphragm (Pubovesical ligament, Puboprostatic ligament) Inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm Anococcygeal body M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) [show] v t e Fascia iliopsoas fascia (Iliac fascia/Iliopectineal arch)

List of muscles of upper limbs (TA A04.6, GA 4.432)

Anterior coracobrachialis biceps brachii brachialis Posterior triceps brachii anconeus Articularis cubiti Fascia Axillary sheath Axillary fascia Brachial fascia intermuscular septa (Lateral, Medial) Other spaces (Quadrangular space, Triangular space, Triangular interval) Anterior superficial: pronator teres palmaris longus flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis deep: pronator quadratus flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus

superficial: mobile wad (brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis) extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris Posterior deep: supinator anatomical snuff box (abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus) extensor indicis

 Fascia Bicipital aponeurosis common tendons (Extensor, Flexor) Antebrachial fascia Other Cubital tunnel Lateral volar thenar (opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis) adductor pollicis

Medial volar hypothenar (opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi) palmaris brevis Intermediate lumbrical interossei (dorsal, palmar) posterior: Extensor retinaculum Extensor expansion anterior: Flexor retinaculum Palmar aponeurosis anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3) [show] v t e

Fascia

M: MUS, DF+DRCT

List of muscles of lower limbs (TA A04.7, GA 4.465)

Anterior sartorius quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis) articularis genu Posterior/hamstring biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus Medial pectineus obturator externus gracilis adductor (longus, brevis, magnus, minimus) Femoral sheath (Femoral canal) Femoral ring Adductor canal Adductor hiatus fascia lata (Iliotibial tract, Lateral intermuscular septum of thigh, Medial intermuscular septum of thigh, Fascia cribrosa/Saphenous opening) Muscular lacuna

Fascia

Anterior tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus fibularis tertius superficial triceps surae (gastrocnemius, soleus, accessory soleus, Achilles tendon) plantaris Posterior deep tarsal tunnel (flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior) popliteus Lateral fibularis muscles (longus, brevis)

Lateral fibularis muscles (longus, brevis) Pes anserinus Fascia crural fascia (Anterior crural intermuscular septum, Posterior crural intermuscular septum, Transverse intermuscular septum) Dorsal extensor hallucis brevis extensor digitorum brevis 1st layer (abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi) 2nd layer (quadratus plantae, lumbrical muscle) 3rd layer (flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti Plantar minimi brevis) 4th layer (dorsal interossei, plantar interossei) Plantar fascia Fascia retinacula (Fibular, Inferior extensor, Superior extensor, Flexor) M: MUS, DF+DRCT anat (h/n, u, t/d, a/p, l)/phys/devp/hist noco(m, s, c)/cong(d)/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, drug (M1A/3)