Slide No. 1 Subject: Teaching Methods of Mathematics Objectives: 1.

Enable the teachers to use and understand teaching methods of Maths. 2. Enable the teachers convey the importance of these methods. Previous Knowledge: 1. In Pakistan how many methods is usually used in learning? 2. What is the most popular method of teaching in Pakistan? Announcement of the topic: Mathematics: mathematics in its nature is based on logic and facts. Due to its unique nature its methods of teaching are also specific and unique. By applying these methods we can develop the aptitude, mental abilities and skills of the student. Methods of teaching depends upon the nature of subject, contant and age levels. So we can divide these methods in two types. 1. Conventional traditional or old a. Inductive and deductive b. Rote learning. c. Exercises d. Analytic & synthetic e. Problem solving. f. Rational approach 2. New methods. a. Program assisted learning. b. Project method / activity method. c. CAL (Computer Assist Learning) / CAI (Computer Assist Instruction) Method Before using these methods we have another step of gauging the level of the students by open ended questions such as Where do you think we should start and what are the steps to working out this problem? Asking these questions will promote the child to think on their own and solve the problem. AV Aids: Mathematics is the complex subject to learn and should be approached with drawings and diagrams to promote understanding. Inductive and deductive methods: Through concrete examples we learn the abstract rules or formulas. Example: 2 3 Teaching methods of mathematics.

We want to measure area of rectangle we draw rectangle 3 inch length 2 inch width. Divide rectangle into squares we get 6 inch squares. By this method students will know the area of the rectangle. Area of rectangle = L x W =3X2=5

(x + a)(x + b) = x2+(a + b)x + ab To solve it we use the previous knowledge of Multiplication. Deductive: In this method we apply the abstract formulas to solve the specific example Eg: If two lines intersect at a point the adjacent angles are equal 2 1 L1= L3 L AOC = L BOD If L AOC = X2 then L BOD = x2 Analytical and synthetic method: If a=b=c then a=c So we start the things we have to prove and use the other things to prove the require result Synthetic methods: When we solve all parts of the problem through analytical methods and combine them then this is called synthetic method Eg: Length of the room=5m, Width of room 3m find floor repair 32 Rs. Per square meter. Area = 5 x 3 = 15m2 (analytic) Cost of 1 meter per square = 32 Rs. Total cost = 15 x 32 = 480Rs. (synthetic) Rote learning: This method is also known as drill and kill method. In traditional rote learning, is used to teach multiplication tables, definitions, formulas and other aspects of maths. Exercises: The reinforcement of mathematics skill by completing large number of exercise of a similar type, such as adding, fractions, or solving quadratic equations. Problem solving: the cultivation of maths creativity and heuristic thinking by setting students open ended, unusual and sometimes unsolved problems. Example: Word problems or International mathematical Olympiad. It is used as a mean to build new maths knowledge, typically building on students prior understandings. Rational Approach: Uses class topics to solve every day problems and relates the topics to current events. This approach focuses on many uses of maths and helps students understand why they need to know it. As well as helping them to apply maths to real world situation outside of the class room. and 4 3 L2 = L 4

New methods: Need of new methods: to fill the needs of the mixed ability class room new methods are introduced. Program assisted learning: For individual learning, it is very useful every student learns according to its own pace without any time limitations in teacher guidance. Activity and project method: It is the most useful method in mathematics. We provide different projects to the students and they have to complete them by applying different strategy of maths. Example: White wash of the walls of the class room. To complete this project the students will find the total area to be painted and then estimate the total cost. Tuck shop project. During the completion of this project they will understand budget making, commission, profit and loss, and business rules Gardening Projects: find the total area, volume of soil after digging rules of cultivation, drawing and different types of plants in different seasons. CAL: It is helpful in class room, program learning Helpful in mass education, time saving, money saving, and according to the mental approach of each student. Because many students are present in different rooms and only single teacher is present to convey the lecture