UNIDAD I: SIMPLE PRESENT (PRESENTE SIMPLE) TO DO

USES (USOS) 1. El presente simple se utiliza para hablar de cosas que suceden habitualmente. A diferencia a espaol, no se usa el presente simple para hablar sobre algo que est pasando en el momento en el que hablamos. Ejemplos: I always talk to my mother on Sunday. (Siempre hablo con mi madre el domingo.) He never eats vegetables. (Nunca come las verduras.) They learn something new in class. They usually learn something new in class. (Normalmente aprenden algo nuevo en la clase.) Se suele utilizar el presente simple con adverbios de tiempo: Always (siempre), everyday (cada da), usually (normalmente), often (a menudo),sometimes (a veces), rarely (raramente), hardly ever (casi nunca), never (nunca)... Excepcin: Los adverbios de tiempo van delante del verbo, excepto el verbo "to be" (ser/estar). Cuando se usa "to be" el verbo va delante del adverbio. Ejemplos: I am always happy. (Siempre estoy contento.) He is often sick. (A menudo l est enfermo.) They are rarely late. (En raras ocasiones llegan tarde.) 2. Se utiliza para hablar de generalidades o hechos cientficos. Ejemplos: He does not [doesn't] eat vegetables. (l no come verduras.) She works in a hospital. (Ella trabaja en una hospital.) Do children like animals? (Les gustan a los nios los animales?) Adults do not [don't] know everything. (Los adultos no lo saben todo.) 3. Se usa para eventos programados en el futuro prximo. Ejemplos: The train leaves at 10:00. (El tren sale a las 10h.) The party is tonight. (La fiesta es esta noche.) Does the festival start tomorrow? (Empieza el festival maana?) The plane does not [doesn't] arrive today. (El avin no llega hoy.)

4. Se usa para instruciones (el imperativo). Ejemplos: Open the window. (Abre la ventana.) Eat the vegetables. (Come las verduras.) Don't cry. (No llores.) Do your homework. (Haz los deberes.) Call your mother. (Llama a tu madre.) (GRAMMATICAL RULES) REGLAS GRAMATICALES Form (Forma) Para conjugar el presente simple usamos el infinitivo para los sujetos "I", "you", "we" y "they" y para las terceras personas (he, she, it) aadimos "-s" al final del verbo. Para algunos verbos, hay que aadir -es o cambiar la terminacin del verbo. En la tabla se observan las reglas:

Structure (Estructura) Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas) Sujeto + Verbo Principal Ejemplos: I talk. (Yo hablo.) He eats. (l come.) They learn. (Ellos aprenden.) Negative Sentences (Frases negativas) Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to do") + auxiliar negativo ("not") + verbo principal. Ejemplos: I do not [don't] talk. (Yo no hablo.) He does not [doesn't] eat. (l no come.) They do not [don't] learn. (Ellos no aprenden.) Nota: En frases negativas, el verbo auxiliar ("to do") cambia y el verbo principal es en el infinitivo.

Interrogative Sentences (Frases interagotivas) Verbo auxiliar ("to do") + sujeto + verbo principal? Ejemplos: Do you talk? (Hablas t?) Does he eat? (Come l?) Do they learn? (Aprenden ellos?) Nota: Como en frases negativas, en frases interrogativas el verbo auxiliar ("to do") cambia y el verbo principal es en el infinitivo. En la tabla se muestra un ejemplo de conjugacin del verbo eat Affirmative I eat. You eat. He/She/It eats. We eat. You eat. They eat. Interrogative Do I eat? Do you eat? Does he/she/it eat? Do we eat? Do you eat? Do they eat? Negative I do not eat. You do not eat. He/She/It does not eat. We do not eat. You do not eat. They do not eat.

Exercises (Ejercicios) 1. Write a sentence in Simple Present using the key words. Pay attention to the third person form of the verb. Example: She/drive/car She drives a car. 1. He/clean/kitchen _________________________________. 2. She/sing/a song _________________________________. 3. We/speak/Italian _________________________________. 4. She/take/a shower _________________________________. 5. He/paint/a house _________________________________. 6. The dog/watch/TV _________________________________. 7. The milkman/deliver/milk _________________________________. 8. I/like/to play/soccer. _________________________________.

2. Transform the sentences in exercise 1 to the negative form. Pay attention to the declination in the verb for the third persons. Example: She drives a car > She doesnt drive a car. 1. _________________________________________. 2. _________________________________________. 3. _________________________________________. 4. _________________________________________. 5. _________________________________________. 6. _________________________________________. 7. _________________________________________. 8. _________________________________________. 3. Transform the sentences from exercise 1 to Questions. Pay attention to the third person form. Example: She drives a car. > Does she drive a car? 1. _________________________________________? 2. _________________________________________? 3. _________________________________________? 4. _________________________________________? 5. _________________________________________? 6. _________________________________________? 7. _________________________________________? 8. _________________________________________?

VERBO TO BE
USES (USOS) 1. Sirve para expresar la edad, en cuyo caso se traduce por 'tener':

Ejemplos: Mary is 20 years old (Mara tiene 20 aos) I am 21 (Yo tengo 21 aos) How old are you? (Cuntos aos tienes?) 2. Para expresar las sensaciones tambin se emplea el verbo 'to be' y equivale al 'tener' espaol.

Ejemplo: Are you hungry? ( Tienes hambre?)

3. Tambin para hablar sobre el tiempo atmosfrico. En este caso se traduce por 'hacer' Ejemplos: It's windy (Hace viento) It's very cold ( Hace mucho fro) (GRAMMATICAL RULES) REGLAS GRAMATICALES Structure (Estructura) FORMA AFIRMATIVA I am (I'm) soy, estoy you are (you're) eres, ests he is (he's) l es, est we are (we're) somos, estamos you are (you're) sois, estis they are (they're) ellos son, estn FORMA NEGATIVA FORMA INTERROGATIVA I am not (I'm not) am I? no soy, no estoy soy yo?, estoy yo? you are not (you're not) are you? no eres, no ests eres t?, ests t? he is not (he's not) is he? l no es, no est es l?, est l? we are not (we're not) are we? no somos, no estamos somos?, estamos? you are not (you're not) are you? no sois, no estis sois?, estis? they are not (they're not) are they? ellos no son, no estn son, estn ellos?

4. Transform the sentences to question or negative form, as requested in the instructions in parentheses.
1. Your brother's a doctor. (frase negativa) 2. Teachers are on holiday in August. (frase interrogativa) 3. It's late. (frase interrogativa) 4. You're from Denmark. (frase negativa) 5. They're my friends. (frase negativa) 6. I'm late for class. (frase interrogativa) 7. You're at home this weekend. (frase interrogativa) 8. This seat's free. (frase interrogativa) 9. She's married. (frase negativa) 10. Mary's happy here. (frase negativa)