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*Analog = the argument t of the signal g(t) is a continuous time (CT). Also known as a CT signals.
Precise Graph
Commonly-Used Graph
Note: The signal is discontinuous at zero but is an analog signal Note: The product signal g(t)u(t) for any g(t) can be thought of as the signal g(t) turned on at time t = 0. Used to check how a system responds to a sudden input
The product g(t)rect(t) can be understood as the signal turned on at t = 1 and turned off at t = 1
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t , t > 0 t ramp ( t ) = = u ( ) d = t u (t ) 0 , t 0
1 t , t < 1 tri ( t ) = , t 1 0
The triangle signal is related to the rectangle through an operation called convolution (to be introduced later)
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(0) = , (t) = 0, t 0
Here,
is very small Other approximations are possible for example, we can use a triangle function
sin ( t ) sinc ( t ) = t
Real exponentials
e0.5t et e2t
red blue black
e0.5t et e2t
for
z = a + jb
e jt + e jt cos(t) = 2
e jt e jt sin(t) = 2j
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Time shifting
t t t0
( a ( t t0 ))
Sampling property
1 = ( t t0 ) a
g ( t ) ( t t ) dt = g ( t )
0 0
This shows that the impulse signal is not a function in the ordinary sense
x(t + kT ) = x(t)
We only need define the signal over one period and we know everything about it Sinusoids and constant are clearly periodic signals Other examples include periodic pulses (rectangular and triangular pulses)
a a T1 = 1, T2 = 2 b1 b2
LCM(a1,a2 ) T= GCD(b1,b2 )
T1 is irrational T2
Ex =
x (t )
dt
1 Px = T
x (t )
T
dt
1 2 Px = lim /2 x ( t ) dt T T T
T /2