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Implicit Logarithmic Derivatives (Solutions) Raymond Tu

1.) The answer is
1y 2 cos(xy 2 ) 2xycos(xy 2 )

dy dx .

The original problem: 1 + x = sin(xy 2 ) To begin with, we have to take the derivative of both sides.When deriving the sin(xy 2 ), we have to apply the chain rule. Within that chain rule, we have to apply the product rule as well because when applying the chain rule, we take the derivative of the outside function times the derivative of the inside function. dy Note that we are taking the derivative with respect to x, hence the dx .
dy 1 = cos(xy 2 )[1(y 2 ) + x(2y)( dx )] dy Now we can distribute the cos(xy 2 ) into [1(y 2 ) + x(2y)( dx )] so it will be dy easier to isolate dx . dy 1 = y 2 cos(xy 2 ) + 2xy cos(xy 2 ) dx

To begin the isolation of

dy dx ,

we subtract y 2 cos(xy 2 ) from both sides.

dy 1 y 2 cos(xy 2 ) = 2xy cos(xy 2 ) dx

Now we divide both sides by 2xy cos(xy 2 ) to get

1y 2 cos(xy 2 ) 2xy cos(xy 2 )

dy dx

by itself.

dy dx dy dx

2.) The answer is

2xy x+2y .

The original problem: x2 + xy + y 2 = 3 When solving any implicit dierentiation problems, we always take the derivative of everything with respect to x. When we take the derivative of both sides we should get this (Remember to use the product rule for the middle term):
dy dy 2x + y + x dx + 2y dx = 0

Now we subtract the 2x and y from both sides to begin the isolation of the
dy dx s. dy dy x dx + 2y dx = 2x y

Factor out the

dy dx (x

dy dx .

+ 2y) = 2x y 1

Now divide both sides by x + 2y to solve for

dy dx

dy dx .

2xy x+2y dy dx 2xy xsin(y)8 .

3.) The answer is

The original problem: x2 + xy + cos(y) = 8y The rst step is to take the derivative of both sides of the equation. Remember the product rule and what the derivative of trigonometric functions and the fact that you are IMPLICITLY deriving the terms.
dy dy dy 2x + y + x dx sin(y) dx = 8 dx dy Now we have to get dx all on one side and the rest of the terms on the other. dy We begin so by subtracting 8 dx from the right and 2x and y from the left. dy dy dy x dx sin(y) dx 8 dx = 2x y

On the left side we factor out the left, which is x sin(y) 8.

dy dx

dy dx

and then divide both sides by whats

2xy xsin(y)8 dy dx

4.) The answer is

y3x2 3y 2 x .

The original problem: x3 + y 3 = xy We implicitly derive both sides of this equation. On the right side we use the product rule.
dy dy 3x2 + 3y 2 dx = y + x dx dy dx s

Now we get the

on one side and the rest of the terms on the others.

dy dy 3y 2 dx x dx = y 3x2

Factor out the

dy 2 dx (3y

dy dx .

x) = y 3x2
dy dx .

Now divide both sides by 3y 2 x to isolate

dy dx

y3x2 3y 2 x . 1 ln(x) ).

5.) The answer is (ln(x)x )(ln(ln(x)) + The original problem: y = ln(x)x

This is a logarithmic dierentiation problem. In order to solve it, we have to take the natural log of both sides. ln(y) = ln(ln(x)x ) Remembering your log properties, the x comes down. 2

ln(y) = x ln(ln(x)) Now we take the derivative of both sides. Remember you are implicitly deriving the functions.
1 yy 1 1 = ln(ln(x)) + x ln(x) ( x ) 1 x

The x and
1 yy

cancel out.
1 ln(x)

= ln(ln(x)) +

This part here confuses people. Now multiply both sides by y. Remember that y is already dened by the original function. y = (ln(x)x )(ln(ln(x)) +
1 ln(x) )

6.) The answer is (x2 )sin(x) ( 2 sin(x) + cos(x) ln(x2 )) x The original problem: y = (x2 )sin(x) To solve this problem, we have to use logarithmic dierentiation. Our rst step would be to take the natural log of both sides. ln(y) = sin(x) ln(x2 ) Now we take the derivative of both sides. Remember, since we are implicitly deriving the functions; for y, we have to apply the chain rule.
1 yy

2 sin(x) x

+ cos(x) ln(x2 )

Now we have to get y by itself, so we multiply both sides by y. Note that y is already dened. y = (x2 )sin(x) ( 2 sin(x) + cos(x) ln(x2 )) x 2 1 7.) The answer is ( xex (x2 + 1)10 )( 2x + 2x + 2 The original problem: y = x ex (x2 + 1)10
20x x2 +1 )

We are using logarithmic dierentiation to solve this problem because the derivative of this function is easier to nd by this method. First, we take the natural log of both sides. 2 ln(y) = ln( x ex (x2 + 1)10 ) Here we apply logarithmic properties to break apart the complicated natural log function on the right side. Remember that the power comes down and that the natural log and the base e are inverse functions. ln(y) =
1 2

ln(x) + x2 + 10 ln(x2 + 1)

Now we take the derivative of both sides. When taking the derivative of the ln(y), you have to implicitly derive that function. This means that there will dy be a dx or a y .
1 yy

11 2x

+ 2x + 10 x21 (2x) +1 3

Simplify the terms.

1 yy dy dx

1 2x

+ 2x +

20 x2 +1

This part always confuses people. You mulitply both sides by y to get y or by itself. Remember that you have y dened for you in the original equation. 2 20 1 y = ( x ex (x2 + 1)10 )( 2x + 2x + x2 +1 ) 8.) The answer is
(sin(x))2 (x3 +1)4 (2 cot(x) (x+3)8 (sin(x))2 (x3 +1)4 (x+3)8

12x2 x3 +1

8 x+3 ).

The original problem: y =

We take the natural log of both sides and on the right side, apply the properties of the log functions. ln(y) = 2 ln(sin(x) + 4 ln(x3 + 1) 8 ln(x + 3) Now we take the derivative of both sides implicitly.
1 yy 1 1 = 2 sin(x) cos(x) + 4 x31 (3x2 ) 8 x+3 +1

Now we simplify what is left and after that, multiply both sides by y to get y by itself. y =
(sin(x))2 (x3 +1)4 (2 cot(x) (x+3)8 dy dx

12x2 x3 +1

8 x+3 )

9.) The answer is

32y 2 132xy .

The original problem: ln(8y) = 4xy To start this problem, we have to implicitly derive this equation. Remember that when we derive y, we have to apply the chain rule.
1 dy 8y dx dy = 4x dx + 4y dy dx

Now we move all the

1 dy 8y dx dy 4x dx = 4y

on to one side to isolate it.

dy Now we factor out the dx and then divide both sides by the remaining term dy to get dx by itself. You then end up with fraction division. You must reduce and simplify the fraction divsion. dy dx

32y 2 132xy
x x

10.) The answer is y = xe ( ex + ex ln(x)). The original equation: y = xe

x

We use logarithmic dierentiation to solve this equation. To begin, we have to natural log both sides. Remember your log properties. ln(y) = ex ln(x)

Now we take the derivative of both sides. Remember your product rule.
1 yy

ex x

+ ex ln(x)
x

Now we multiply both sides by y to get y by itself. y = xe ( ex + ex ln(x)) c Raymond Tu,2012

x