University Of Karachi

USES OF LOGICAL GATES IN CHEMCIAL INDUSTRY

Syed Saad Ahmed B-0933040 B.E 3rd Year Chemical Engineering

Submitted To: Sir Zamin

USES OF LOGICAL GATES IN CHEMCIAL INDUSTRY 2012

USE OF LOGICAL GATES IN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Logical gates are useful in every industry they are used for different purposes according to the condition in the industry. In Chemical Industry the use of Logical Gates are very common. It can be use in many processes like nuclear reactor, waste water treatment, pumping machines, safety equipments, storage of chemicals and the several other processes. A very important use of Logical Gates in the heat exchange purpose in addition to safety of the equipment is given below:

Prepared By: Syed Saad Ahmed | B.E Chemical Engineering

USES OF LOGICAL GATES IN CHEMCIAL INDUSTRY 2012

Explanation:
In this example we have a heat exchanger which is heating the liquid in the tank which pass through it with the help of a heating equipment. The working condition of this heat exchanger is that the liquid level must retain between the inlet and outlet.

Possibility of the problem:

The two possibility of the problem can be with this equipment. 1. If the level of the liquid will too high then the liquid will over flow. 2. If the liquid level will become too low then the heating element will burn out as it will not cover with the liquid. For this we have use two level sensors which work on the buoyancy effect.

Challenges:
Here we have three challenges to face. 1. To save the heating equipment. 2. To stop the flow of the liquid if it overflows. 3. To warn or alarm the operator in the industry about the problem in the equipment.

Uses of gates:
For this purpose we have used three different types of gates in the circuit. 1. Nand gate (use for controlling the heater) 2. Or gate (use for controlling of pump) 3. Exclusive nor gate (use for alarming the operator)

Conditions:
If the liquid level increases and towards the overflow then we have to turn off the pump. When level increases the limit both sensors will give the signal zero (0), and as we have use OR gate in this function the pump will turn off otherwise it will be turn on in every situation because in OR gate output is zero only when both signals are zero.

Prepared By: Syed Saad Ahmed | B.E Chemical Engineering

USES OF LOGICAL GATES IN CHEMCIAL INDUSTRY 2012

If the liquid level decreases and towards the below of the heating element then we have to turn off the heater. When level decreases up to the limit then both sensors will give the signal one(1), and as we have use NAND gate in this function the heater will turn off otherwise it will be turn on in every situation because in NAND gate output is zero if all the signals are one. In both conditions operator should be in the knowledge of the malfunctioning therefore we have use EXCLUSIVE NOR GATE for this purpose. if any of the above problem occur then the both sensor will give the signal zeros (0) or ones (1) which result of one (1) and the alarm will turn on.

Uses:
Hydrocarbon processing Waste water treatment Refrigeration systems Wine-brewery industry Petroleum industry.

Prepared By: Syed Saad Ahmed | B.E Chemical Engineering