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Where wind loads are calculated in accordance with ASCE 7, the coefficient in the above formulas shall be taken as 1.3. For other wind loads shall be taken as 1.0.
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WIND-RESISTANT DESIGN
Fastest-mile Wind
Instantaneous velocity of wind at a point as a function of time:
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q 0.00256V 2 K z K zt K d I
ASCE 7 adds two more factors: Topographic Factor - Kzt Hills and Escarpments Complex Equations Directionality Factor - Kd 0.85 for all building structures
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Gust
Rapid fluctuation of wind Ordinary structures are sensitive to peak gusts of about 1 second duration. Use of fastest-mile wind in design inadequate Gust speed, Vg = Gv V Pressure generated by gust, pg = Gp p pV2
Gp = Gv2
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p qGCp qiGCpi
qi = Velocity pressure calculated for internal pressure.
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Wind-resistant Design
Wind Pressures on a Building
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Allows WFCM
AF&PA - Wood Frame Construction Manual for One and Two Family Dwellings.
Restricts use of SSTD 10 & WFCM to Exposure B & C in areas without topographic effects
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General Requirements
Minimum Wind Load of 10 psf for MWFRS and C&C (ASCE 6.1.4) Must meet seismic detailing even if wind loads are greater
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Exposure C:
Includes shorelines of hurricane prone regions (no longer Exposure D).
Exposure D:
Now applies only to inland waterways, Great Lakes, Coastal California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska.
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Simplified Provisions
MWFRS (6.4.2.1)
Simplified design wind pressures for the MWFRS represent the net pressures (sum of internal and external) to be applied to the horizontal and vertical projections of building surfaces as shown in Figure 6-2. For the horizontal pressures (Zones A, B, C, D), ps is the combination of the windward and leeward pressures.
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Simplified Provisions
ps = Kzt I pS30 from Fig. 6-2 Kzt = topographic factor as defined in Section 6.5.7 evaluated at mean roof height, h I = importance factor as defined in Section 6.2 pS30 = simplified design wind pressure for Exposure B, at h = 30 ft, and for I = 1.0, from Fig. 6-2 (6-1) = adjustment factor for building height and exposure
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2B
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Alternate 1
Table Assumptions: Building Size Building Shape = = 50-feet x 100-feet Gable end roof with regular shape Basic Wind Speed (3Sec. Gust) Topography factor Kzt Directionality factor Kd Gust Effect factor G = = = = 0.85 85 mph. 1.26 0.85
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Alternate 2:
Allows the use of 2009 IBCs new section 1609.6 in lieu of ASCE Method 2 for buildings up to 75 ft in height. The new section 1609.6 is the result of two proposals that were submitted to the ICC Structural Review Committee. The proposal by the National Council of Structural Engineers Associations (NCSEA) won the final approval with some modification.
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1609.6
Quote From The Structural Engineer magazine: The original motivation for these proposal was to provide a simplified way to obtain the wind forces on a structure to engineers who design for areas of the country where wind forces do not govern the design of structures other than, perhaps, lowrise, light-framed buildings. Typically these structures would be located in areas where earthquake design controls. However, since we started our efforts, we have heard from engineers across the country that are eager to see simplification incorporated into the building code process.
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(Equation 16-36)
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