Antiderivative of Log

Antiderivative of Log
The logarithm of a number is the exponent by which another fixed value, the base, has to be raised to produce that number. For example, the logarithm of 1000 to base 10 is 3, because 1000 is 10 to the power 3: 1000 = 103 = 10 10 10. More generally, if x = by, then y is the logarithm of x to base b, and is written logb(x), so log10(1000) = 3. Logarithms were introduced by John Napier in the early 17th century as a means to simplify calculations. They were rapidly adopted by scientists, engineers, and others to perform computations more easily, using slide rules and logarithm tables. These devices rely on the factimportant in its own rightthat the logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms of the factors: The present-day notion of logarithms comes from Leonhard Euler, who connected them to the exponential function in the 18th century. KnowMoreAbout:AntiderivativeList

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The present-day notion of logarithms comes from Leonhard Euler, who connected them to the exponential function in the 18th century.The logarithm to base b = 10 is called the common logarithm and has many applications in science and engineering. The natural logarithm has the constant e ( 2.718) as its base; its use is widespread in pure mathematics, especially calculus. The binary logarithm uses base b = 2 and is prominent in computer science. Logarithmic scales reduce wide-ranging quantities to smaller scopes. For example, the decibel is a logarithmic unit quantifying sound pressure and voltage ratios. In chemistry, pH and pOH are logarithmic measures for the acidity of an aqueous solution. Logarithms are commonplace in scientific formulas, and in measurements of the complexity of algorithms and of geometric objects called fractals. They describe musical intervals, appear in formulas counting prime numbers, inform some models in psychophysics, and can aid in forensic accounting. In the same way as the logarithm reverses exponentiation, the complex logarithm is the inverse function of the exponential function applied to complex numbers. The discrete logarithm is another variant; it has applications in public-key cryptography. In calculus, an "anti-derivative", antiderivative, primitiveintegralor indefinite integralof afunctionf is a function F whose derivative is equal to f, i.e., F = f. The process of solving for antiderivatives is called antidifferentiation (or indefinite integration) and its opposite function is called differentiation, which is the process of finding a derivative. Antiderivatives are related to definite integrals through the fundamental theorem of calculus: the definite integral of a function over an interval is equal to the difference between the values of an antiderivative evaluated at the endpoints of the interval.

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The notation is used in physics and engineering to denote the natural logarithm, while mathematicians commonly use the notation . In this work, denotes a natural logarithm, whereas denotes the common logarithm. There are a number of notational conventions in common use for indication of a power of a natural logarithm. While some authors use (i.e., using a trigonometric function-like convention), it is also common to write .

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