Circle Geometry ! Angle Properties Angle Theorems 1.

The angle at the centre of a circle is twice the angle at the circumference subtended by the same arc. Exercise: Prove by joining PO and producing to Q. Exercises: 1. Find the values of all pronumerals. No reasons required. (a) (b)

(c)

(d)

2.

Angles in the same segment are equal. 2. AB is a diameter. Find the value of k.

Exercise: Prove using Theorem 1. 3. (a) The angle in a semi-circle is a right-angle. 3. Find the value of a.

Exercise: Prove using Theorem 1. (b) Converse: If a chord subtends a right angle on the circumference, then the chord is a diameter. 4. A, B, C and D are four points in order on a circle, centre O. If

pBAC = 28E

and

pOBA = 53E,

calculate the size of angles OAC, ACB and ADC.

5.

The points X, W, Y and Z are positioned on the circumference of a circle of centre O such that OW || YZ,

8.

pXYZ = 60E

and

pXOW = 80E,

as shown in the diagram.

Evaluate x, giving reasons. 6. 9.

O is the centre of the circle. pABC = 126E, Find the value of x, giving reasons.

pOAC = xE.

The points A, B, and C lie on a circle with centre O. The lines AO and BC are parallel, and OB and AC intersect at D. Also, shown in the diagram. (i) State why pAOB = 52E. (ii) Find y. Justify your answer. 7. 10.

pACB = 26E

and

pBDC = yE,

as

A diameter AB is drawn in a circle, centre O. Another circle is drawn with OA as diameter. A chord AP of the larger circle cuts the smaller circle in Q. Prove that (i) BP || OQ (ii) AQ = QP

ABYCX is a circle of centre O. If the arc AC is of length 3 cm, determine the length of the arc XY.

In each diagram, AP || OB. Prove, in each case, that

pAOB = 2 pOBP.

11.

16.

O and P are the centres of the circles; AXB is a straight line. Prove that

pAOY = pBPY.
17.

AB and CD are two perpendicular chords of a circle, centre O. Prove that

12. AB is a chord of a circle, centre O. Prove that the circle on OA as diameter bisects AB. 13.

pDAB = pOAC.

Two circles cut at points B and C as shown in the diagram. A diameter of one circle is AB while BD is a diameter of the other. Prove that A, C, and D are collinear, giving reasons. The diagram shows two circles intersecting at A and B. The diameter of one circle is AC (i) Copy this diagram. On your diagram draw a straight line through A, parallel to CB, to meet the second circle in D. (ii) Prove that BD is a diameter of the second circle. (iii) Suppose that BD is parallel to CA. Prove that the circles have equal radii. 14. Two chords AB and CD intersect at point P outside the circle. Prove that APD ||| CPB. 18.

15. ABCD is a parallelogram. A circle is drawn through A, C and D so that B is external to the circle. BC produced meets the circle again at E. Show that triangle ABE is isosceles. In each case, O, the centre of circle ABQ, lies on circle ABP. A, P and Q are collinear. Prove, for both cases, PB = PQ.

19.

22.

In the diagram P, Q, R, and S are points on a circle centre O, and

pPOQ =
Two fixed circles intersect at A and B. Q varies its position on one circle. QAP and QBN are two straight lines. PB intersects the circle AQB at L and QL meets PN at R. Let xE = pPQR, yE = pRQB and zE = (i) x + y + z is constant as Q varies. (ii)

The lines PS and QR intersect at M and the lines QS and PR intersect at N. (i) 20. Explain why (ii) Show that

pPRM = 180 - . pPNQ + pPMQ = .

pANB.

Prove that

pPRQ

is a constant size as Q varies.

P is the diameter of the smaller circle. Prove that BC is a diameter of the smaller circle. 21.

Answers: 1. (a) a = 130, b = 115 (b) x = 60E (c) x = 120E 2. k = 25 3. a = 60 4. 25E, 37E, 65E 5. 20E 6. (ii) 102E 7. 2 cm 8. 36E 11. Hint: Introduce a pronumeral 12. Hint: A congruency proof 17. Hint: Prove

pACD = 180E

O is the centre of the circle. Prove that: (a) x + y = 90 (b) z ! y = 2x