ARBAMINCH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF WATER TECHNOLOGY HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Hydraulic Structure I Tutorial I 1. A remote, steep sided and narrow upland valley in Ethiopia is under construction
for development of hydroelectric power purposes. Initial reconnaissance indicates that the 40 km2 catchment has generally thin superficial mantle, frequent intensive rock exposures, minimal hydrological data with historical evidence flood flows in the downstream reaches of the catchment approaching 180 to 200 m3/s. Access to the valley is difficult but ground surveys have identified two possible dam sites: Site A: Requires a dam of 50m nominal height and 450m length between steep valley sides. Evidence shows deep deposits of till overlying rock on the valley floor. Site B: Located 300m d/s of site A, with a width at crest level at 320m b/n steep rocky abutments, but requires a dam 60m high. Valley floor has evidence of competent rock at shallow depth. Solution required a) State, and justify in terms of the evidence so far available, the type of dam, likely to prove most appropriate on each sites A & B. b) Define and explain a programme of further investigations designed to confirm the suitability of each site to the type dam proposed under a). 2. In a first stability analysis, the cross section of a concrete gravity dam is schematized as shown in Fig.1 above: Available data are: Height of the dam: H = 50m Specific weight of concrete: c = 25 kN/m3 Specific weight of water: w = 10 kN/m3 Linear uplift diagram, varying from full hydrostatic pressure in A, to zero pressure in B. At the contact between dam and rock foundation (horizontal plane AB) friction angle =50o, cohesion c = 0. Design criteria for the dam cross section are: Safety factor against sliding along foundation contact: FS=1.50 Safety factor against overturning (point B): FS=1.30 No tensile stresses (effective) along the contact AB. You are asked to determine: I. The steepest slope of the downstream face (m) which satisfies all the above requirements II. The effective stress diagrams along the contact AB, including normal stress in vertical directions and shear stress (z,). III. The principal effective stresses 1, 3, and max in points A. B along the contact. Explain your solution procedure briefly! 3. Given a particular gravity dam profile with the following data. Height of the dam = 63m Free board = 3m U/S slope 0.2H: 1V Height of U/S inclined face = 20m Top width = 10m Total base width = 54m D/S slope 0.8H: 1V Tail water depth = 10m

US seismic zone 2 Wind velocity at the site = 80Km/hr Expected depth of silt deposit = 10m Fetch distance of reservoir from dam site = 40m Location of uplift drainage from the heel of the dam = 9m Required: Draw the profile, show the direction and location of all forces and quantify their magnitudes in diagram & tabular form.

4. For problem No 3, Deterioration is suspected, and the structural competence of

the dam is to be reviewed in relation to possible remedial action. Therefore, it is required to analysis the dam for different modes of failure with the given design criteria. Normal load combination Self weight of the dam + uplift + Silt Internal drain inoperative, full uplift Silt friction angle s = 350 Submerged unit weight of silt sub = 15 KN/m3 Concrete characteristics: Laboratory values from core samples Unit weight c=24 KN/m3 Shear resistance C = 480 KN/m2 Internal friction angle c = 350 Uniaxial compression strength c = 10MN/m2 Required: Fo, over turning stability FSF, sliding (shear friction factor, SFF) z, Vertical normal stress and stress distribution diagram z , effective stress distribution with uplift pressure State the implication of the solution to iv.

i. ii. iii. iv.

v.

5. The Ministry of Water Resource proposed a hydropower project on Guder River.

The project is expected to generate 96 MW power from the average yield of 100 m3/s from the reservoir by constructing a non- overflow concrete gravity dam at the proposed site. The yield capacity of the reservoir at different elevation is derived from the top map as shown on the graph below. The design flood level is expected to be 3m from spillway crest. The steepness of the river bed just downstream of the dam should not permit any pounding condition even during flood. The extreme part of the reservoir area has a distance of 4 miles from the dam site. The area is highly characterized by windy area with an average velocity of 80 miles/hr. The area is non seismic (zone 0) and silt deposition in the reservoir is neglected due to good erosion control measures upstream of dam site.

Y ield Vs NPL of G uder reservoir

1400 1380 1360 1340 1320 1300 1280 1260 1240 1220 0 50 100
Y ield(m^3/s)

Elevation

150

200

The following data are also provided. c =24 KN/m3 = 0.5 River bed level at the dam site = 1250.00 m a.s.L Required: Design the dam by single step method and do the required stability analysis for reservoir full condition.

6.

It is intended to design an arch dam in a valley having a base width of 50m with approximate equal sides of 1H: 2V. The dam height is 120m. Design the dam with option of thin cylinder theory for both constant angle and constant radius.